专题08 主旨大意题通关练
主旨大意题解题策略
名校优选专项通关练
【解题策略】
主旨大意题是要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。解答此类题型时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如关于title和main idea类题都需要在阅读全文的基础上，结合文化背景知识、语言知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断，从而发现文中隐含的信息。
从命题形式看：常见的有标题类和主旨大意类。
标题类解题策略
特点：
醒目性：充分引发读者的阅读欲望。
概括性：准确而又简短。
针对性：标题外延与文章内容刚好相符。
方法：
1.中心句法：利用主题中心句中的主题词作标题。
2.整合法：将文章的写作对象和其主要特点、意义或影响整合后作标题。
文章大意类解题策略
特点：不同体裁文章主题句的常见位置不同，其作用各不相同。
位置：
首段（新闻报道、说明文、议论文）。起到开宗明义，点明主题，使读者一开始就明白文章的内容及主旨。
末段（记叙文、议论文）。起到照应开头、总结全文、升华主题的作用。在最后对全文进行概括和总结，进一步明确文章的中心思想，使作者的观点表达得更清楚。
各段：各段主题句整合即文章大意。借助各个段落的主题句，然后对其进行概括和归纳，从而概括出文章的主题或中心思想。。
高频词：当文章或段落中没有明确的主题句时，可以从段落中寻找反复出现的高频词，即中心词，也能提炼出文章的主旨大意。
线索：记叙文类文章都有一个主线，如，一个有趣的人或一件难忘的事等。全文围绕该主线组织材料。分析文章的结构，把握文章的主线，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系，即可归纳出文章的主旨大意。
正确选项特征：
覆盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。
范围不大也不小。
精确性强，不改变语言的色彩和表达的程度。
错误选项特征：
过于笼统，范围过大。
以偏概全，主次不分。
偷换概念，张冠李戴。
无中生有，主观臆断。
【名校优选专项通关练】
（2024·浙江杭州·学军中学校考模拟预测）
Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is spread, by altering political campaigns, and by changing citizen’s patterns of response to politics. By giving citizens independent access to the candidates, television reduced the role of the political party in the selection of the major party candidates. By centering politics on the person of the candidate, television accelerated the citizen’s focus on character rather than issues.
Television has altered the forms of political communication as well. The messages on which most of us rely are briefer than they once were. The stump speech, a political speech given by traveling politicians and lasting 1 to 2 hours, which was popular in the nineteenth-century, has given way to the 30-second advertisement and the 10 second “sound bite” in broadcast news. Increasingly the audience for speeches is not that standing in front of the politician but rather the viewing audience who will hear and see a short video of the speech on the news.
In these simplified forms, much of what comprised the traditional political speech of earlier ages has been lost. In 15 or 30 seconds, a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others. In short videos, politicians assert (断言) but do not argue.
Because television is an intimate (亲密的) medium, speaking through it requires a changed political style that is more conversational, personal, and visual than that of the old-style stump speech. Reliance on television means that increasingly our political world contains memorable pictures rather than memorable words. Schools teach us to analyze words and print. However, in a world in which politics is increasingly visual, informed citizenship requires a new set of skills.
Recognizing the power of television’s pictures, politicians craft televisual, staged events designed to attract media coverage. Much of the political activity we see on television news has been crafted by politicians, their speechwriters, and their public relations advisers for televised consumption. Sound bites in news and answers to questions in debates increasingly sound like advertisements.
What’s the best title for the passage
A．Television: an Agent of Change in Politics
B．Television: a Platform for Political Debate
C．Television: an Alternative to Stump Speech
D．Television: a New Medium for Communication
【答案】A
【解析】 主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段“Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is spread, by altering political campaigns, and by changing citizen’s patterns of response to politics.(电视改变了信息传播的方式，改变了政治运动，改变了公民对政治的反应模式，从而改变了美国的政治)”可知，文章主要说明了电视改变了政治的传播以及交流形式。如今的政治演讲比过去更像广告。A选项“电视：政治变革的推动者”最符合文章标题。故选A。
2.（2024·浙江嘉兴·海宁市高级中学校考模拟预测）
July 2023 was the world’s warmest month on record, according to the World Meteorological Organization. UN Secretary—General Antonio Guterres said in a speech that the planet is entering an “era of global boiling”. How to cool the planet has long been a troubling question for scientists. They are now turning to sun-blocking technology, which refers to reflecting sunlight back into space in order to keep down the temperature of the planet’s climate.
According to Euronews, a European television news network, one idea involves pumping sun-blocking particles (粒子) into the upper atmosphere. The particles will then stay in the air and redirect sunshine back upwards. It is like applying sunscreen on the outside of Earth. Researchers at Yale University, US, outlined a plan to use 125 high-flying planes to spread the particles at latitudes (纬度) of 60 degrees north and south. The particles will then travel toward the poles, which could possibly cool the temperature there by 2℃.
Another very promising technique is called “cloud brightening”, according to Chris Sacca, a US climate expert. This method involves sending sea salt particles into clouds above the sea, making them whiter and thus they reflect more sunlight back into space.
In June, the US government announced in a report that it was offering support for solar engineering research as a way to slow the rise of global temperatures. According to the report, the US government believes that the technology “offers the possibility of cooling the planet significantly in a few years”.
However, following the report, an open letter by more than 60 scientists called for caution and more research first. Kristen Rasmussen, a climate scientist at Colorado State University, US, has been studying how these sun-blocking methods will affect rainfall patterns. She said that apart from rainfall, ecosystems and even human communities would also be affected. “We need to be very cautious on this,” Rasmussen told Scientific American.
Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．Cooling Our Planet B．Era of Global Boiling
C．Pumping Blocking Particles D．The Technique of Cloud Brightening
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段“How to cool the planet has long been a troubling question for scientists. They are now turning to sun-blocking technology, which refers to reflecting sunlight back into space in order to keep down the temperature of the planet’s climate.(如何给地球降温一直是困扰科学家的一个问题。他们现在转向了太阳阻挡技术，这是指将阳光反射回太空，以降低地球气候的温度)”可知，文章主要介绍了应对全球变暖的方法——使用这样技术，即将太阳光反射回太空以降低地球气候的温度。A选项“给地球降温”最符合文章标题。故选A。
3.（2023·江苏无锡·高三无锡市第一中学校考）
“Twelve years ago, I was a professional dancer and black belt in taekwondo (跆拳道) when a disease went undiagnosed and wiped out my muscular system. I finally ended up on life support in intensive care with organ failure.” Kaufman recalled, “I went from living this big life to not knowing how I was going to survive. Fortunately, on my birthday in 2009, I received a new heart and was given a second chance at life!”
After volunteering in Los Angeles hospitals, Kaufman started the non-profit, Ava’s Heart. She and her organization offered transplant patients services that were often not covered by insurance, including food, gas, co-pays on medicines, and housing.
“What I found out was that if you didn’t have post-transplant-housing, you couldn’t get listed and admitted into the hospital,” Kaufman said. She leaned that for the nearly 110,000 people in the US waiting for a lifesaving organ transplant, it was not just a matter of adding your name to the list. Patients must be financially secure and be able to afford transportation. What’s more, they must find accommodations near their transplant hospital: Kaufman runs two housing locations, which allows the patients to remain close to their transplant hospital during the period of their aftercare, typically about three months at no cost.
Her organization also helps donor families, which she thinks makes the whole circle complete. “One organ donor can save eight lives and then there’s tissue and skin and eyes and blood vessels (血管) and so many other things,” Kaufman said. “The donor is the whole story. Without the donor, there are no transplant centers, no transplant surgeons, no me. In my eyes, the donors are the heroes.”
To date, Ava’s Heart has helped nearly 90 families with burial costs for their loved ones whose organs have saved countless lives. Kaufman also works closely with those who receive donations to build relationships with donor families and spread awareness about the importance of organ donation.
What message does the text mainly convey
A．It’s better to give than to receive.
B．The blessed bear the heart of giving.
C．Health matters much more than wealth.
D．Volunteering makes the world a better place.
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。由尾段“To date, Ava’s Heart has helped nearly 90 families with burial costs for their loved ones whose organs have saved countless lives. Kaufman also works closely with those who receive donations to build relationships with donor families and spread awareness about the importance of organ donation.”（迄今为止，Ava’s Heart 已经帮助了近 90 个家庭，为他们的亲人支付了丧葬费用，他们的器官挽救了无数生命。考夫曼还与接受捐赠的人密切合作，与捐赠者家庭建立关系，并传播对器官捐赠重要性的认识。）并联系全文可知，Kaufman有爱心、懂得感恩，她获得保佑，获得了别人捐赠的器官而重获新生，所以本文的中心思想是“懂得奉献的人会被保佑”。故选B项。
4.（2024·江苏徐州·高三徐州市第七中学阶段练习）
In the animal kingdom, mimics (模仿) are not rare. Stick insects pretend to be twigs. Hawk moth caterpillars resemble poisonous snakes. The examples, though, are visual. Auditory mimicry is rarer. Danilo Russo of the University of Naples Federico II thinks he has found a novel case of it, as he describes in Current Biology. Some bats, he believes, mimic angry bees in order to scare away owls that might otherwise eat them.
Dr. Russo first noticed bat buzzing a few years ago. The noise struck him as similar to the sound of some bees. He wondered whether bat buzzing was a form of mimicry which helped to scare off would-be predators.
To test this idea, he and his colleagues first recorded the buzzing that captured bats made. Then, with protective clothing, they began the more dangerous task of recording the buzzing made by different puter analysis revealed that bees’ and bats’ buzzing were, indeed, similar.
Then the researchers recruited several owls. They put the owls, one at a time, in an enclosure with branches for them to stay on, and two boxes with holes in them. They placed a loudspeaker alongside one of the boxes and, after the birds had settled in, broadcast through it five seconds of uninterrupted bat buzzing and a similar amount of insect buzzing three times in a row for each noise. As a control, they broadcast in like manner several non-buzzing sounds made by bats.
During the broadcasts and for five minutes thereafter, they videoed the owls. After analysis, the results were unequivocal. When they heard both the bat buzzing and the bee buzzing, the owls moved as far from the speakers as they could. In contrast, when the non-buzzing bat sounds were played, they crept closer.
Dr. Russo believes this is the first reported case of a mammal using auditory mimicry to scare away a predator. They strongly suspect, however, that it is not unique. Anecdotes suggest several birds also make buzzing noises when their nests are disturbed. And with the result of the experiment, he therefore predicts that auditory mimicry is far more widespread than currently realized.
16．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Animal Mimicry: Buzz off
B．Bats: No More Victim to Owls
C．A Self-protection Behavior among Animals
D．A New Trick to Scare Away Owls
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Some bats, he believes, mimic angry bees in order to scare away owls that might otherwise eat them. (他认为，有些蝙蝠会模仿愤怒的蜜蜂，以吓跑可能会吃掉它们的猫头鹰。)”以及最后一段中“And with the result of the experiment, he therefore predicts that auditory mimicry is far more widespread than currently realized. (根据实验结果，他因此预测听觉模仿比目前认识到的要广泛得多。)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究，研究发现一些动物会模仿其他动物的声音，吓跑潜在的敌人。A项“动物模仿：（敌人）滚开”符合主题，故选A项。
5.（2024上·江苏扬州·高三扬州中学校考阶段练习）
Hibernation
.....
But species don’t stay in their cold, sleeping state for the duration of their dormant period. About 80 percent of their energy is spent intermittently (间歇地) waking and warming up. Why they do this is “one of the greatest mysteries” of the field, says Thomas Ruf, a professor of animal physiology at the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna. Some think they need to turn back on their immune systems to fight disease, while others think they may simply awaken so they can sleep.
One bird and a variety of amphibians(两栖动物), reptiles and insects also exhibit hibernation-like states. There is even at least one fish — the Antarctic cod — that slows down its metabolism in winter, becoming 20 times less active. And, of course, there are lots of mammals. While bears might be the first that come to mind, most mammalian hibernators are on the smaller side. “The average hibernator weighs only 70 grams,” says Ruf. That’s because little bodies have high surface area to volume ratios, making it more taxing for them to stay warm in cold weather — so they need the seasonal energy savings more than larger animals.
The last paragraph mainly discusses ______.
A．when certain animals hibernate B．what kinds of animals hibernate
C．why some animals hibernate D．how animals hibernate
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段内容，特别是根据“One bird and a variety of amphibians(两栖动物), reptiles and insects also exhibit hibernation-like states. There is even at least one fish — the Antarctic cod — that slows down its metabolism in winter, becoming 20 times less active. And, of course, there are lots of mammals.”可知，有的鸟、鱼、各种两栖动物、爬行动物、昆虫以及很多哺乳动物都会进入冬眠状态，因此本段主要讲的是哪些动物需要冬眠，故B项正确。
6.（2024上·湖南长沙·高三长郡中学校考期末）
Want to know what is coming soon to a cinema near you Probably not a 1.5-hour-long movie, as in the old days. On October 20th comes Killers of the Flower Moon. At nearly three and a half hours, its length is nearly double that of the average film last year. Even movie fans struggle to concentrate for that long and some viewers even nod off. Afterwards there is a mad dash for the toilets. When does watching a film become such a slog
The Economist analyzed over 100,000 feature films released internationally since the 1930s, the start of Hollywood’s golden age, using data from IMDb, a movie database. The average length of productions rose by around 24%, from one hour and 21 minutes in the 1930s to one hour and 47 minutes in 2022. For the ten most-popular titles, the average length grew to around two and a half hours in 2022, nearly 50% higher than in the 1930s.
One driver of this trend is that studios want to squeeze the most out of their costly intellectual property (知识产权), but they are competing with streaming platforms for eyeballs. The hope is that a spectacular, drawn-out “event” movie will draw audiences away from the small screen and into cinemas. This approach has often paid off: Avengers: Endgame Marvel’s three-hour superhero masterpieces, was the highest-grossing (票房最高的) film in 2019. Last year long movies series made up most of the highest-grossing films in America.
Another explanation for longer films has to do with directors’ growing influence. Who would dare tell the likes of Mr. Nolan to cut out his masterpieces Moreover, streaming platforms, which do not have to worry as much about the length because viewers can pause whenever they like, may attract big names by promising them sufficient fund and creative flix funded and released three-hour The Irishman in 2019, a film that would have benefited from a decisive editor, Irish or otherwise.
What is probably the best title for the passage
A．Movie Enthusiasts B．Movie Marathons
C．Movie Production D．Movie Influence
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Want to know what is coming soon to a cinema near you Probably not a 1.5-hour-long movie, as in the old days. On October 20th comes Killers of the Flower Moon. At nearly three and a half hours, its length is nearly double that of the average film last year. Even movie fans struggle to concentrate for that long and some viewers even nod off. Afterwards there is a mad dash for the toilets. When does watching a film become such a slog (想知道你附近的电影院即将上映什么电影吗？可能不会像过去那样是一部1.5小时长的电影。10月20日上映的《花月杀手》。该片时长近三个半小时，几乎是去年平均时长的两倍。即使是影迷也很难在这么长时间内集中注意力，一些观众甚至会打盹。之后，人们疯狂地冲向厕所。什么时候看电影变成了一件苦差事？)”及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了电影的时长变得越来越长这一现象，并分析了出现这种现象的原因。由此可知，B项“Movie Marathons(电影马拉松)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选B项。
7.（2023·湖南·高三湖南师大附中校考）
Ben Francis didn’t become wealthy through a family inheritance (遗产). Instead, the CEO and co-founder of Gymshark used his earnings as a Pizza Hut delivery guy to buy a sewing machine and start his fitness apparel company at 19.
Eleven years later, his adolescent strategy literally paid off. Francis, 30, who has a reported net worth of $1.3 billion, joined Forbes’ billionaires list. He’s in rare company: The list’s average age is 65 years old.
Originally, Francis and co-founder Lewis Morgan launched Gymshark as a website selling fitness supplements. But after getting fed up with his ill-fitting clothes, Francis suggested pivoting the company.
Francis and Morgan bought a sewing machine. The pair brought Gymshark to a bodybuilding exhibition in 2013. but didn’t have any money to spend on advertising. On a whim (一时兴起), they decided to give popular fitness YouTubers free products. “My heroes were on YouTube. “ Francis said. “So it would be so cool if my heroes could come to be with Gymshark at this event. I didn’t really think that much about it. “Some of those influencers went on to wear the apparel on their channels, launching Gymshark’s I sales to $1,000 per day, up from just $ 450.
Franos quit the CEO role in 2017. “CEO was not the right role for me when I was in my early 20. “ Francis said. “That I’d started a business that had grown very quickly didn’t mean I was the most competent chief executive. “He spent the next four years supporting leadership roles within Gymshark — including chief product officer and chief marketing officer — to learn more about the ins and outs of the business. before, returning as CEO in 2021.
That year, the company was valued at 1.45 billion. Still, the company’s billion- dollar valuation is a small percentage of the market value of competitors like Nike and Lululemon. “I really think Gymshark can be the U. K.’s answer to those brands,” Francis said. “But that’s not saying that the U. K. is where it starts and ends for us. We also want to be a truly global brand.
Which can be the best title for the text
A．Gymshark: From a website to a big company
B．Francis: From a Pizza Hut delivery guy to a billionaire
C．Francis: Starting the U. K.’s fastest-growing company
D．Gymshark: Taking the lead in fitness clothing
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了Ben Francis从必胜客外卖小哥到亿万富翁、打造运动网红品牌Gym shark的历程，文章第一段讲到“Ben Francis didn’t become wealthy through a family inheritance (遗产). Instead, the CEO and co-founder of Gymshark used his earnings as a Pizza Hut delivery guy to buy a sewing machine and start his fitness apparel company at 19. (本·弗朗西斯并不是通过家族遗产致富的。相反，Gymshark的首席执行官兼联合创始人在19岁时用必胜客外卖员的收入买了一台缝纫机，创办了他的健身服装公司。)”可知，本文的最佳标题是“弗朗西斯：从必胜客外卖员到亿万富翁”。故选B。
8.（2024上·湖南衡阳·高三衡阳市八中校考期末）
A new study by researchers at the University of British Columbia (UBC) and the University of Victoria has shown that common levels of traffic pollution can damage human brain function in only a matter of hours.
“For many decades, scientists thought the brain may be protected from the harmful effects of air pollution,” said senior study author Dr. Chris Carlsten. “This study, which is the first of its kind in the world, provides fresh evidence supporting a connection between air pollution and cognition.”
For the study, the researchers briefly exposed 25 healthy adults to diesel exhaust (柴油废气) and filtered air at different times in a laboratory setting. Brain activity was measured before and after each exposure using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
The researchers analyzed changes in the brain’s default mode network (DMN), a set of inter-connected brain regions that play an important role in memory and internal thought. The fMRI revealed that participants had decreased functional connectivity in widespread regions of the DMN after exposure to diesel exhaust, compared to filtered air.
“We know that altered functional connectivity in the DMN has been associated with reduced cognitive performance and symptoms of depression, so it’s concerning to see traffic pollution interrupting these same networks,” said Dr. Jodie Gawryluk, a psychology professor at the University of Victoria and the study’s first author. “While more research is needed to fully understand the functional impacts of these changes, it’s possible that they may impair (损害) people’s thinking or ability to work.”
Notably, the changes in the brain were temporary and participants’ connectivity returned to normal after the exposure. Dr. Carlsten assumed that the effects could be long lasting where exposure is continuous. He said that people should be mindful of the air they’re breathing and take appropriate steps to minimize their exposure to potentially harmful air pollutants like car exhaust.
What is the best title for the text
A．A Role Of Brain Will Be Ruined
B．Traffic Pollution May Impair Brain Function
C．A Famous UK University Did A Vital Study
D．A Source Of Pollution Has Drawn People’s Attention
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“A new study by researchers at the University of British Columbia (UBC) and the University of Victoria has shown that common levels of traffic pollution can damage human brain function in only a matter of hours. (英属哥伦比亚大学(UBC)和维多利亚大学的研究人员进行的一项新研究表明，普通水平的交通污染可以在几个小时内损害人类的大脑功能。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项新研究，该研究表明普通水平的交通污染可以在几个小时内损害人类的大脑功能。故选B。
9.（2023·湖北荆州·高三湖北省松滋市第一中学校考）
Most health experts would agree that eating meat — especially red meat — in large quantities isn’t good for us, or the planet. Studies point to an increased risk of heart disease and cancer correlating to our meat-heavy diets. Meanwhile, manufacturers are busy producing increasingly tasty and more meat-like products that match the real things — making the switch from eating animals seem like a no-brainer. But are these fake meat products any healthier for us
Jinan Banna, a dietitian and nutrition professor at the University of Hawaii says that some fake meat products can be considered “ultra-processed” foods. “That means they go through multiple processes and have a lot of added ingredients (配料),” she said. “An alternative burger, for example, might have quite a bit of sodium (钠), as well as additives.” Some of these additives are on the market for a while before the scientific community determines them to be harmful, Banna added. “Anytime you see a long list of ingredients, including ‘natural flavors’, take it as a warning sign. In other words, eschew products with lengthy ingredient lists,” said Sofia Popov, a microbiome scientist in Copenhagen. “Who knows what’s actually in it ”
Perhaps convenience is the best argument for buying an alternative meat product you can simply cook straight out of the box, but some health experts suggest other plant-based healthful options can be simple, too. For example, on a busy day, Banna said she was able to throw together a tempeh (a traditional soya product) dish which she put in a little oil, vinegar and other seasonings. “We definitely obtain nutrients from animal-based food — iron and zinc and other minerals as well. But it also contains fat and cholesterol, so it’s good to control our intake,” said Banna. “Vegetarian substitutes can be very tasty so we shouldn’t shy away from them.”
What can be the best title for the text
A．Why Is Plant-based Meat Dying B．Are Fake Meat Products Good For You
C．Fake Meat: Food’s Future Or A Fashion D．What Happened To The Plant-based Meat
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Most health experts would agree that eating meat — especially red meat — in large quantities isn’t good for us, or the planet. Studies point to an increased risk of heart disease and cancer correlating to our meat-heavy diets. Meanwhile, manufacturers are busy producing increasingly tasty and more meat-like products that match the real things — making the switch from eating animals seem like a no-brainer. But are these fake meat products any healthier for us (大多数健康专家都会同意，大量吃肉——尤其是红肉——对我们和地球都没有好处。研究指出，患心脏病和癌症的风险增加与我们偏重肉类的饮食有关。与此同时，制造商们正忙着生产越来越美味的、更像肉类的产品，这些产品与真正的东西相匹配，这使得从食用动物转变成一种不需要思考的事情。但是这些假肉制品真的对我们更健康吗？)”结合文章主要说明了专家指出一些假肉制品可以被认为是“超加工”食品，这种食物对人体有害。由此可知，B选项“假肉制品对你有好处吗？”符合文章标题。故选B。
10.（2023·湖北荆州·高三沙市中学校考阶段练习）
......
A research team led by professor Philip Walther from the University of Vienna has shown how the quantum properties of light can ensure security for digital payments. In an experiment, the researchers demonstrated that each trade cannot be copied. They replaced classical crystallographic techniques with a quantum protocol (协议) using single photons, a unit of energy. During the course of a classical digital payment trade, the client shares a classical code called cryptogram with his payment provider. This cryptogram is then passed on between the customer, businessmen, and payment provider. In the demonstrated quantum protocol this cryptogram is generated by having the payment provider sending particularly prepared single photons to the client.
......
What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A．How quantum-digital payment works. B．How digital payment proves safer.
C．Why single photons are necessary. D．What is important for online trade.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第四段中“In an experiment, the researchers demonstrated that each trade cannot be copied. They replaced classical crystallographic techniques with a quantum protocol(协议) using single photons, a unit of energy. (在一项实验中，研究人员证明了每种交易都是不可复制的。他们用一种使用单光子(一种能量单位)的量子协议取代了经典的晶体学技术。)”以及“In the demonstrated quantum protocol this cryptogram is generated by having the payment provider sending particularly prepared single photons to the client. (在演示的量子协议中，通过让支付提供者向客户端发送特别准备的单光子来生成该密码。)”可知，本段主要讲了量子数字支付是如何工作的。故选A项。
11.（2023·黑龙江高三哈尔滨市第一中学校校考）
......
The efforts of Randall and his students have earned Grandville High School the Michigan Green School certification from the state.In addition to their work reducing waste in the cafeteria, the GHS Green Team has also built a garden with flowers and vegetables on campus,and leads cleanups on site and out in the community.Over the years,Randall and his students have also been working on raising money to install solar panels(太阳能板) on the roof of the high school.
......
What's the fourth paragraph mainly about
A．The classification of the projects.
B．The characteristics of the club.
C．The activities organized by the club.
D．The future of the club.
【答案】 C
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第四段内容，“In addition to their work reducing waste in the cafeteria,”、（除了他们减少餐厅废物的垃圾的工作，）“the GHS Green Team has also built a garden with flowers and vegetables on campus,”、（the GHS Green Team还在校园里建立了有鲜花和蔬菜的花园）“Randall and his students have also been working on raising money to install solar panels(太阳能板) on the roof of the high school”，（兰德尔和他的学生也一直在筹集资金为了在高中屋顶安装太阳能电池板）可知第四段的主要介绍了这个俱乐部组织的活动有哪些。故选C。
12.（2024上·吉林长春·高三东北师大附中期末）
Mary Dickins had been a member of the audience at poetry nights before and knew “the poetry clap”. She made a polite tapping of fingers. But when she made her debut (首次演出) as a performer at the age of 62 at the legendary Bang Said the Gun night in south London, she said, “It was so wild — like nothing I had ever seen before.” The audience stamped their feet and shook shakers. “It felt transformative. I thought, ‘I’ve got to have more of this,’ ” Dickins said. Becoming a performance poet has given her a place on a stage of her own making.
All her life she has written, mostly without being seen or heard. Her mother died when she was nine, and, after she went into a care home at 13, Dickins’ writing stayed in notebooks. Really, she says, a lot of her adult life has been about getting over childhood shyness. At university — she studied education — she met her husband of 40 years, but in three years of seminars she did not say a word. Some of this results from her years at the children’s home. She says, “It gave me a sense of what it’s like to be excluded. I never fitted in anywhere.”
After she graduated, she discovered that she loved working with people with learning disabilities. She became an expert in inclusive education. “That was my niche (称心的职业),” she says. She published books and returned to the University of North London as a senior lecturer in early childhood studies.
Dickins now sees that in adulthood she has been giving herself permission to be silly. “The sillier I allow myself to be, the better the writing is,” she says. Her observations are humorous.
“Putting things into words and giving shape to your emotions is an important part of coming to terms with the things that happen in life,” she says.
Does she still feel like an outsider
“I think I’ve made it into a virtue. I celebrate the fact that I don’t fit into a box. Finally! You have to wait till you’re 62 to feel confident!” she says. “But I have a sense of who I am and I'm proud of it. I wouldn’t be anyone else now — and it took me a long time to say that.”
Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Mary Dickins’ New Start after 60 B．Mary Dickins’ First Performance
C．Mary Dickins’ Troubled Writing Career D．Mary Dickins’ Impact on Performance Poets
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“she said, ‘It was so wild — like nothing I had ever seen before.’ The audience stamped their feet and shook shakers.(她说：‘那是我从未见过的狂野。’观众们跺着脚，晃动着摇动器)”对Dickins在62岁时首次登台演出的描写，以及最后一段“Finally! You have to wait till you’re 62 to feel confident!’ she says. ‘But I have a sense of who I am and I’m proud of it. I wouldn't be anyone else now — and it took me a long time to say that.’(终于！你得等到62岁才会有自信！她说。‘但我知道我是谁，我为此感到自豪。现在的我不会是别人——我花了很长时间才说出这句话。’)”她提到自己通过写作和表演克服害羞、找到自信可知，本文主要讲述了Mary Dickins在60岁以后成为一名表演诗人并由此重获新生的故事。由此可知，A项“Mary Dickins在60岁后的新开始”为最佳标题，故选A。
13.（2023·辽宁·东北育才学校校考三模）
Animal appear to predict earthquakes by sensing electricity in the air — the first study to find reliable evidence of the phenomenon has shown.
Cameras revealed an “amazing” drop in the number of animals up to 23 days before a major quake hit their rainforest home at Yanachaga National Park in Peru. Lead scientist Dr Rachel Grant, from Anglia Ruskin University, said, “The results showed that just before the earthquake, animals’ activity dropped right down.”
On a normal day the cameras placed around Yanachaga National Park record between 5 and 15 animals. But in the 23 days before the earthquake, the number of animals dropped to five or fewer per day. No animals were photographed at all on five of the seven days immediately before the quake.
Another study showed that animal activity remained normal in the park over a different period when seismic (地震的) activity was low. Co-author, professor Friedemann Freund, said, “The cameras were located at an altitude of 900 meters. If air ionization occurred, the animals would escape to the valley below, where there were fewer positive ions ( 离子). With their ability to sense their environment, animals can help us understand small changes that occur before major earthquakes.”
Other evidence suggested that before the earthquake, the air around the high mountain sites filled with positive ions that can be produced when rocks are placed under stress. Positive ions have been known to cause ill effects in humans as well as animals. Scientists believe the animals were made to feel uncomfortable by the positive ions, leading them to avoid the area. They are thought to have escaped to lower ground, where the air was less ionized. The findings may help experts develop better short-term seismic forecasts.
What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Negative Influence of Positive Ions.
B．Ions’ Destruction to the Environment.
C．Animals’ Behavior Before Earthquakes.
D．Creatures’ Ability to Predict Earthquakes.
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。主要介绍了一项有可靠证据的研究，动物似乎通过感应空气中的电流来预测地震。科学家通过摄像机记录下地震前后捕捉到的动物行为的变化证明了这一项研究的可靠性。文章第一段讲到“Animal appear to predict earthquakes by sensing electricity in the air — the first study to find reliable evidence of the phenomenon has shown.(动物似乎可以通过感知空气中的电力来预测地震—这是第一项发现这种现象可靠证据的研究。)”可知，C项“地震前动物的行为”适合这篇文章的标题。故选C。
14.（2024上·河北保定·高三河北阜平中学校联考）
......
In the early 1900s football was played without helmets (头盔), but severe injuries, like skull fractures, led to the occasional use of leather helmets in the 1920s.The first facemask entered the game in the 1950s. Modern helmets use advanced shell materials, have moveable panels to absorb forces, and multi-layered padding that responds to different panies will continue to improve helmets as new materials become available, guided by the newest science.
......
What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about concerning the helmet
A．Its gradual improvement.
B．Its widespread influence.
C．The discovery of its new materials.
D．The difficulty of its mass production.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第四段的内容“In the early 1900s football was played without helmets (头盔), but severe injuries, like skull fractures, led to the occasional use of leather helmets in the 1920s.The first facemask entered the game in the 1950s. Modern helmets use advanced shell materials, have moveable panels to absorb forces, and multi-layered padding that responds to different panies will continue to improve helmets as new materials become available, guided by the newest science.（在20世纪初，足球是不戴头盔的，但20世纪20年代，颅骨骨折等严重损伤导致偶尔使用皮头盔。20世纪50年代，第一个面罩进入了比赛。现代头盔使用先进的外壳材料，有可移动的面板来吸收力，还有多层衬垫来应对不同的冲击。随着新材料的出现，公司将在最新科学的指导下继续改进头盔）”可知，该段主要是说运动员所戴头盔的改进与变化。故选A项。
15.（2023·河北衡水·河北衡水中学校考模拟预测）
......
So how can we better befriend our future selves and feel more connected to their fates The psychological mindset with what we call ”vividness interventions“ works. We have found, for instance, that showing people images of their older, grayer selves increases intentions to save for the long term. Besides, you might try writing a letter to-and then from-your future self. As demonstrated by Yuta Chishima and Anne Wilson in their 2020 study in the journal Self and Identity, when high-school students engaged in this type of ”send-and-reply“ exercise, they experienced elevated (升高的) levels of feelings of similarity with their future selves.
......
What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．Benefits of befriending our future selves.
B．Ways of connecting with our future selves.
C．Methods of changing psychological mindsets.
D．Possibilities of us becoming our future selves.
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第四段第一句话“So how can we better befriend our future selves and feel more connected to their fates (那么，我们如何才能更好地与未来的自己成为朋友，并与他们的命运更加紧密地联系在一起呢？)”以及全段内容来看，本段主要介绍了与未来的自己联系的方式。故选B。专题08 主旨大意题通关练
主旨大意题解题策略
名校优选专项通关练
【解题策略】
主旨大意题是要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。解答此类题型时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如关于title和main idea类题都需要在阅读全文的基础上，结合文化背景知识、语言知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断，从而发现文中隐含的信息。
从命题形式看：常见的有标题类和主旨大意类。
标题类解题策略
特点：
醒目性：充分引发读者的阅读欲望。
概括性：准确而又简短。
针对性：标题外延与文章内容刚好相符。
方法：
1.中心句法：利用主题中心句中的主题词作标题。
2.整合法：将文章的写作对象和其主要特点、意义或影响整合后作标题。
文章大意类解题策略
特点：不同体裁文章主题句的常见位置不同，其作用各不相同。
位置：
首段（新闻报道、说明文、议论文）。起到开宗明义，点明主题，使读者一开始就明白文章的内容及主旨。
末段（记叙文、议论文）。起到照应开头、总结全文、升华主题的作用。在最后对全文进行概括和总结，进一步明确文章的中心思想，使作者的观点表达得更清楚。
各段：各段主题句整合即文章大意。借助各个段落的主题句，然后对其进行概括和归纳，从而概括出文章的主题或中心思想。。
高频词：当文章或段落中没有明确的主题句时，可以从段落中寻找反复出现的高频词，即中心词，也能提炼出文章的主旨大意。
线索：记叙文类文章都有一个主线，如，一个有趣的人或一件难忘的事等。全文围绕该主线组织材料。分析文章的结构，把握文章的主线，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系，即可归纳出文章的主旨大意。
正确选项特征：
覆盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。
范围不大也不小。
精确性强，不改变语言的色彩和表达的程度。
错误选项特征：
过于笼统，范围过大。
以偏概全，主次不分。
偷换概念，张冠李戴。
无中生有，主观臆断。
【名校优选专项通关练】
（2024·浙江杭州·学军中学校考模拟预测）
Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is spread, by altering political campaigns, and by changing citizen’s patterns of response to politics. By giving citizens independent access to the candidates, television reduced the role of the political party in the selection of the major party candidates. By centering politics on the person of the candidate, television accelerated the citizen’s focus on character rather than issues.
Television has altered the forms of political communication as well. The messages on which most of us rely are briefer than they once were. The stump speech, a political speech given by traveling politicians and lasting 1 to 2 hours, which was popular in the nineteenth-century, has given way to the 30-second advertisement and the 10 second “sound bite” in broadcast news. Increasingly the audience for speeches is not that standing in front of the politician but rather the viewing audience who will hear and see a short video of the speech on the news.
In these simplified forms, much of what comprised the traditional political speech of earlier ages has been lost. In 15 or 30 seconds, a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others. In short videos, politicians assert (断言) but do not argue.
Because television is an intimate (亲密的) medium, speaking through it requires a changed political style that is more conversational, personal, and visual than that of the old-style stump speech. Reliance on television means that increasingly our political world contains memorable pictures rather than memorable words. Schools teach us to analyze words and print. However, in a world in which politics is increasingly visual, informed citizenship requires a new set of skills.
Recognizing the power of television’s pictures, politicians craft televisual, staged events designed to attract media coverage. Much of the political activity we see on television news has been crafted by politicians, their speechwriters, and their public relations advisers for televised consumption. Sound bites in news and answers to questions in debates increasingly sound like advertisements.
What’s the best title for the passage
A．Television: an Agent of Change in Politics
B．Television: a Platform for Political Debate
C．Television: an Alternative to Stump Speech
D．Television: a New Medium for Communication
2.（2024·浙江嘉兴·海宁市高级中学校考模拟预测）
July 2023 was the world’s warmest month on record, according to the World Meteorological Organization. UN Secretary—General Antonio Guterres said in a speech that the planet is entering an “era of global boiling”. How to cool the planet has long been a troubling question for scientists. They are now turning to sun-blocking technology, which refers to reflecting sunlight back into space in order to keep down the temperature of the planet’s climate.
According to Euronews, a European television news network, one idea involves pumping sun-blocking particles (粒子) into the upper atmosphere. The particles will then stay in the air and redirect sunshine back upwards. It is like applying sunscreen on the outside of Earth. Researchers at Yale University, US, outlined a plan to use 125 high-flying planes to spread the particles at latitudes (纬度) of 60 degrees north and south. The particles will then travel toward the poles, which could possibly cool the temperature there by 2℃.
Another very promising technique is called “cloud brightening”, according to Chris Sacca, a US climate expert. This method involves sending sea salt particles into clouds above the sea, making them whiter and thus they reflect more sunlight back into space.
In June, the US government announced in a report that it was offering support for solar engineering research as a way to slow the rise of global temperatures. According to the report, the US government believes that the technology “offers the possibility of cooling the planet significantly in a few years”.
However, following the report, an open letter by more than 60 scientists called for caution and more research first. Kristen Rasmussen, a climate scientist at Colorado State University, US, has been studying how these sun-blocking methods will affect rainfall patterns. She said that apart from rainfall, ecosystems and even human communities would also be affected. “We need to be very cautious on this,” Rasmussen told Scientific American.
Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．Cooling Our Planet B．Era of Global Boiling
C．Pumping Blocking Particles D．The Technique of Cloud Brightening
3.（2023·江苏无锡·高三无锡市第一中学校考）
“Twelve years ago, I was a professional dancer and black belt in taekwondo (跆拳道) when a disease went undiagnosed and wiped out my muscular system. I finally ended up on life support in intensive care with organ failure.” Kaufman recalled, “I went from living this big life to not knowing how I was going to survive. Fortunately, on my birthday in 2009, I received a new heart and was given a second chance at life!”
After volunteering in Los Angeles hospitals, Kaufman started the non-profit, Ava’s Heart. She and her organization offered transplant patients services that were often not covered by insurance, including food, gas, co-pays on medicines, and housing.
“What I found out was that if you didn’t have post-transplant-housing, you couldn’t get listed and admitted into the hospital,” Kaufman said. She leaned that for the nearly 110,000 people in the US waiting for a lifesaving organ transplant, it was not just a matter of adding your name to the list. Patients must be financially secure and be able to afford transportation. What’s more, they must find accommodations near their transplant hospital: Kaufman runs two housing locations, which allows the patients to remain close to their transplant hospital during the period of their aftercare, typically about three months at no cost.
Her organization also helps donor families, which she thinks makes the whole circle complete. “One organ donor can save eight lives and then there’s tissue and skin and eyes and blood vessels (血管) and so many other things,” Kaufman said. “The donor is the whole story. Without the donor, there are no transplant centers, no transplant surgeons, no me. In my eyes, the donors are the heroes.”
To date, Ava’s Heart has helped nearly 90 families with burial costs for their loved ones whose organs have saved countless lives. Kaufman also works closely with those who receive donations to build relationships with donor families and spread awareness about the importance of organ donation.
What message does the text mainly convey
A．It’s better to give than to receive.
B．The blessed bear the heart of giving.
C．Health matters much more than wealth.
D．Volunteering makes the world a better place.
4.（2024·江苏徐州·高三徐州市第七中学阶段练习）
In the animal kingdom, mimics (模仿) are not rare. Stick insects pretend to be twigs. Hawk moth caterpillars resemble poisonous snakes. The examples, though, are visual. Auditory mimicry is rarer. Danilo Russo of the University of Naples Federico II thinks he has found a novel case of it, as he describes in Current Biology. Some bats, he believes, mimic angry bees in order to scare away owls that might otherwise eat them.
Dr. Russo first noticed bat buzzing a few years ago. The noise struck him as similar to the sound of some bees. He wondered whether bat buzzing was a form of mimicry which helped to scare off would-be predators.
To test this idea, he and his colleagues first recorded the buzzing that captured bats made. Then, with protective clothing, they began the more dangerous task of recording the buzzing made by different puter analysis revealed that bees’ and bats’ buzzing were, indeed, similar.
Then the researchers recruited several owls. They put the owls, one at a time, in an enclosure with branches for them to stay on, and two boxes with holes in them. They placed a loudspeaker alongside one of the boxes and, after the birds had settled in, broadcast through it five seconds of uninterrupted bat buzzing and a similar amount of insect buzzing three times in a row for each noise. As a control, they broadcast in like manner several non-buzzing sounds made by bats.
During the broadcasts and for five minutes thereafter, they videoed the owls. After analysis, the results were unequivocal. When they heard both the bat buzzing and the bee buzzing, the owls moved as far from the speakers as they could. In contrast, when the non-buzzing bat sounds were played, they crept closer.
Dr. Russo believes this is the first reported case of a mammal using auditory mimicry to scare away a predator. They strongly suspect, however, that it is not unique. Anecdotes suggest several birds also make buzzing noises when their nests are disturbed. And with the result of the experiment, he therefore predicts that auditory mimicry is far more widespread than currently realized.
16．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Animal Mimicry: Buzz off
B．Bats: No More Victim to Owls
C．A Self-protection Behavior among Animals
D．A New Trick to Scare Away Owls
5.（2024上·江苏扬州·高三扬州中学校考阶段练习）
Hibernation
.....
But species don’t stay in their cold, sleeping state for the duration of their dormant period. About 80 percent of their energy is spent intermittently (间歇地) waking and warming up. Why they do this is “one of the greatest mysteries” of the field, says Thomas Ruf, a professor of animal physiology at the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna. Some think they need to turn back on their immune systems to fight disease, while others think they may simply awaken so they can sleep.
One bird and a variety of amphibians(两栖动物), reptiles and insects also exhibit hibernation-like states. There is even at least one fish — the Antarctic cod — that slows down its metabolism in winter, becoming 20 times less active. And, of course, there are lots of mammals. While bears might be the first that come to mind, most mammalian hibernators are on the smaller side. “The average hibernator weighs only 70 grams,” says Ruf. That’s because little bodies have high surface area to volume ratios, making it more taxing for them to stay warm in cold weather — so they need the seasonal energy savings more than larger animals.
The last paragraph mainly discusses ______.
A．when certain animals hibernate B．what kinds of animals hibernate
C．why some animals hibernate D．how animals hibernate
6.（2024上·湖南长沙·高三长郡中学校考期末）
Want to know what is coming soon to a cinema near you Probably not a 1.5-hour-long movie, as in the old days. On October 20th comes Killers of the Flower Moon. At nearly three and a half hours, its length is nearly double that of the average film last year. Even movie fans struggle to concentrate for that long and some viewers even nod off. Afterwards there is a mad dash for the toilets. When does watching a film become such a slog
The Economist analyzed over 100,000 feature films released internationally since the 1930s, the start of Hollywood’s golden age, using data from IMDb, a movie database. The average length of productions rose by around 24%, from one hour and 21 minutes in the 1930s to one hour and 47 minutes in 2022. For the ten most-popular titles, the average length grew to around two and a half hours in 2022, nearly 50% higher than in the 1930s.
One driver of this trend is that studios want to squeeze the most out of their costly intellectual property (知识产权), but they are competing with streaming platforms for eyeballs. The hope is that a spectacular, drawn-out “event” movie will draw audiences away from the small screen and into cinemas. This approach has often paid off: Avengers: Endgame Marvel’s three-hour superhero masterpieces, was the highest-grossing (票房最高的) film in 2019. Last year long movies series made up most of the highest-grossing films in America.
Another explanation for longer films has to do with directors’ growing influence. Who would dare tell the likes of Mr. Nolan to cut out his masterpieces Moreover, streaming platforms, which do not have to worry as much about the length because viewers can pause whenever they like, may attract big names by promising them sufficient fund and creative flix funded and released three-hour The Irishman in 2019, a film that would have benefited from a decisive editor, Irish or otherwise.
What is probably the best title for the passage
A．Movie Enthusiasts B．Movie Marathons
C．Movie Production D．Movie Influence
7.（2023·湖南·高三湖南师大附中校考）
Ben Francis didn’t become wealthy through a family inheritance (遗产). Instead, the CEO and co-founder of Gymshark used his earnings as a Pizza Hut delivery guy to buy a sewing machine and start his fitness apparel company at 19.
Eleven years later, his adolescent strategy literally paid off. Francis, 30, who has a reported net worth of $1.3 billion, joined Forbes’ billionaires list. He’s in rare company: The list’s average age is 65 years old.
Originally, Francis and co-founder Lewis Morgan launched Gymshark as a website selling fitness supplements. But after getting fed up with his ill-fitting clothes, Francis suggested pivoting the company.
Francis and Morgan bought a sewing machine. The pair brought Gymshark to a bodybuilding exhibition in 2013. but didn’t have any money to spend on advertising. On a whim (一时兴起), they decided to give popular fitness YouTubers free products. “My heroes were on YouTube. “ Francis said. “So it would be so cool if my heroes could come to be with Gymshark at this event. I didn’t really think that much about it. “Some of those influencers went on to wear the apparel on their channels, launching Gymshark’s I sales to $1,000 per day, up from just $ 450.
Franos quit the CEO role in 2017. “CEO was not the right role for me when I was in my early 20. “ Francis said. “That I’d started a business that had grown very quickly didn’t mean I was the most competent chief executive. “He spent the next four years supporting leadership roles within Gymshark — including chief product officer and chief marketing officer — to learn more about the ins and outs of the business. before, returning as CEO in 2021.
That year, the company was valued at 1.45 billion. Still, the company’s billion- dollar valuation is a small percentage of the market value of competitors like Nike and Lululemon. “I really think Gymshark can be the U. K.’s answer to those brands,” Francis said. “But that’s not saying that the U. K. is where it starts and ends for us. We also want to be a truly global brand.
Which can be the best title for the text
A．Gymshark: From a website to a big company
B．Francis: From a Pizza Hut delivery guy to a billionaire
C．Francis: Starting the U. K.’s fastest-growing company
D．Gymshark: Taking the lead in fitness clothing
8.（2024上·湖南衡阳·高三衡阳市八中校考期末）
A new study by researchers at the University of British Columbia (UBC) and the University of Victoria has shown that common levels of traffic pollution can damage human brain function in only a matter of hours.
“For many decades, scientists thought the brain may be protected from the harmful effects of air pollution,” said senior study author Dr. Chris Carlsten. “This study, which is the first of its kind in the world, provides fresh evidence supporting a connection between air pollution and cognition.”
For the study, the researchers briefly exposed 25 healthy adults to diesel exhaust (柴油废气) and filtered air at different times in a laboratory setting. Brain activity was measured before and after each exposure using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
The researchers analyzed changes in the brain’s default mode network (DMN), a set of inter-connected brain regions that play an important role in memory and internal thought. The fMRI revealed that participants had decreased functional connectivity in widespread regions of the DMN after exposure to diesel exhaust, compared to filtered air.
“We know that altered functional connectivity in the DMN has been associated with reduced cognitive performance and symptoms of depression, so it’s concerning to see traffic pollution interrupting these same networks,” said Dr. Jodie Gawryluk, a psychology professor at the University of Victoria and the study’s first author. “While more research is needed to fully understand the functional impacts of these changes, it’s possible that they may impair (损害) people’s thinking or ability to work.”
Notably, the changes in the brain were temporary and participants’ connectivity returned to normal after the exposure. Dr. Carlsten assumed that the effects could be long lasting where exposure is continuous. He said that people should be mindful of the air they’re breathing and take appropriate steps to minimize their exposure to potentially harmful air pollutants like car exhaust.
What is the best title for the text
A．A Role Of Brain Will Be Ruined
B．Traffic Pollution May Impair Brain Function
C．A Famous UK University Did A Vital Study
D．A Source Of Pollution Has Drawn People’s Attention
9.（2023·湖北荆州·高三湖北省松滋市第一中学校考）
Most health experts would agree that eating meat — especially red meat — in large quantities isn’t good for us, or the planet. Studies point to an increased risk of heart disease and cancer correlating to our meat-heavy diets. Meanwhile, manufacturers are busy producing increasingly tasty and more meat-like products that match the real things — making the switch from eating animals seem like a no-brainer. But are these fake meat products any healthier for us
Jinan Banna, a dietitian and nutrition professor at the University of Hawaii says that some fake meat products can be considered “ultra-processed” foods. “That means they go through multiple processes and have a lot of added ingredients (配料),” she said. “An alternative burger, for example, might have quite a bit of sodium (钠), as well as additives.” Some of these additives are on the market for a while before the scientific community determines them to be harmful, Banna added. “Anytime you see a long list of ingredients, including ‘natural flavors’, take it as a warning sign. In other words, eschew products with lengthy ingredient lists,” said Sofia Popov, a microbiome scientist in Copenhagen. “Who knows what’s actually in it ”
Perhaps convenience is the best argument for buying an alternative meat product you can simply cook straight out of the box, but some health experts suggest other plant-based healthful options can be simple, too. For example, on a busy day, Banna said she was able to throw together a tempeh (a traditional soya product) dish which she put in a little oil, vinegar and other seasonings. “We definitely obtain nutrients from animal-based food — iron and zinc and other minerals as well. But it also contains fat and cholesterol, so it’s good to control our intake,” said Banna. “Vegetarian substitutes can be very tasty so we shouldn’t shy away from them.”
What can be the best title for the text
A．Why Is Plant-based Meat Dying B．Are Fake Meat Products Good For You
C．Fake Meat: Food’s Future Or A Fashion D．What Happened To The Plant-based Meat
10.（2023·湖北荆州·高三沙市中学校考阶段练习）
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A research team led by professor Philip Walther from the University of Vienna has shown how the quantum properties of light can ensure security for digital payments. In an experiment, the researchers demonstrated that each trade cannot be copied. They replaced classical crystallographic techniques with a quantum protocol (协议) using single photons, a unit of energy. During the course of a classical digital payment trade, the client shares a classical code called cryptogram with his payment provider. This cryptogram is then passed on between the customer, businessmen, and payment provider. In the demonstrated quantum protocol this cryptogram is generated by having the payment provider sending particularly prepared single photons to the client.
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What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A．How quantum-digital payment works. B．How digital payment proves safer.
C．Why single photons are necessary. D．What is important for online trade.
11.（2023·黑龙江高三哈尔滨市第一中学校校考）
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The efforts of Randall and his students have earned Grandville High School the Michigan Green School certification from the state.In addition to their work reducing waste in the cafeteria, the GHS Green Team has also built a garden with flowers and vegetables on campus,and leads cleanups on site and out in the community.Over the years,Randall and his students have also been working on raising money to install solar panels(太阳能板) on the roof of the high school.
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What's the fourth paragraph mainly about
A．The classification of the projects.
B．The characteristics of the club.
C．The activities organized by the club.
D．The future of the club.
12.（2024上·吉林长春·高三东北师大附中期末）
Mary Dickins had been a member of the audience at poetry nights before and knew “the poetry clap”. She made a polite tapping of fingers. But when she made her debut (首次演出) as a performer at the age of 62 at the legendary Bang Said the Gun night in south London, she said, “It was so wild — like nothing I had ever seen before.” The audience stamped their feet and shook shakers. “It felt transformative. I thought, ‘I’ve got to have more of this,’ ” Dickins said. Becoming a performance poet has given her a place on a stage of her own making.
All her life she has written, mostly without being seen or heard. Her mother died when she was nine, and, after she went into a care home at 13, Dickins’ writing stayed in notebooks. Really, she says, a lot of her adult life has been about getting over childhood shyness. At university — she studied education — she met her husband of 40 years, but in three years of seminars she did not say a word. Some of this results from her years at the children’s home. She says, “It gave me a sense of what it’s like to be excluded. I never fitted in anywhere.”
After she graduated, she discovered that she loved working with people with learning disabilities. She became an expert in inclusive education. “That was my niche (称心的职业),” she says. She published books and returned to the University of North London as a senior lecturer in early childhood studies.
Dickins now sees that in adulthood she has been giving herself permission to be silly. “The sillier I allow myself to be, the better the writing is,” she says. Her observations are humorous.
“Putting things into words and giving shape to your emotions is an important part of coming to terms with the things that happen in life,” she says.
Does she still feel like an outsider
“I think I’ve made it into a virtue. I celebrate the fact that I don’t fit into a box. Finally! You have to wait till you’re 62 to feel confident!” she says. “But I have a sense of who I am and I'm proud of it. I wouldn’t be anyone else now — and it took me a long time to say that.”
Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Mary Dickins’ New Start after 60 B．Mary Dickins’ First Performance
C．Mary Dickins’ Troubled Writing Career D．Mary Dickins’ Impact on Performance Poets
13.（2023·辽宁·东北育才学校校考三模）
Animal appear to predict earthquakes by sensing electricity in the air — the first study to find reliable evidence of the phenomenon has shown.
Cameras revealed an “amazing” drop in the number of animals up to 23 days before a major quake hit their rainforest home at Yanachaga National Park in Peru. Lead scientist Dr Rachel Grant, from Anglia Ruskin University, said, “The results showed that just before the earthquake, animals’ activity dropped right down.”
On a normal day the cameras placed around Yanachaga National Park record between 5 and 15 animals. But in the 23 days before the earthquake, the number of animals dropped to five or fewer per day. No animals were photographed at all on five of the seven days immediately before the quake.
Another study showed that animal activity remained normal in the park over a different period when seismic (地震的) activity was low. Co-author, professor Friedemann Freund, said, “The cameras were located at an altitude of 900 meters. If air ionization occurred, the animals would escape to the valley below, where there were fewer positive ions ( 离子). With their ability to sense their environment, animals can help us understand small changes that occur before major earthquakes.”
Other evidence suggested that before the earthquake, the air around the high mountain sites filled with positive ions that can be produced when rocks are placed under stress. Positive ions have been known to cause ill effects in humans as well as animals. Scientists believe the animals were made to feel uncomfortable by the positive ions, leading them to avoid the area. They are thought to have escaped to lower ground, where the air was less ionized. The findings may help experts develop better short-term seismic forecasts.
What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Negative Influence of Positive Ions.
B．Ions’ Destruction to the Environment.
C．Animals’ Behavior Before Earthquakes.
D．Creatures’ Ability to Predict Earthquakes.
14.（2024上·河北保定·高三河北阜平中学校联考）
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In the early 1900s football was played without helmets (头盔), but severe injuries, like skull fractures, led to the occasional use of leather helmets in the 1920s.The first facemask entered the game in the 1950s. Modern helmets use advanced shell materials, have moveable panels to absorb forces, and multi-layered padding that responds to different panies will continue to improve helmets as new materials become available, guided by the newest science.
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What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about concerning the helmet
A．Its gradual improvement.
B．Its widespread influence.
C．The discovery of its new materials.
D．The difficulty of its mass production.
15.（2023·河北衡水·河北衡水中学校考模拟预测）
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So how can we better befriend our future selves and feel more connected to their fates The psychological mindset with what we call ”vividness interventions“ works. We have found, for instance, that showing people images of their older, grayer selves increases intentions to save for the long term. Besides, you might try writing a letter to-and then from-your future self. As demonstrated by Yuta Chishima and Anne Wilson in their 2020 study in the journal Self and Identity, when high-school students engaged in this type of ”send-and-reply“ exercise, they experienced elevated (升高的) levels of feelings of similarity with their future selves.
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What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．Benefits of befriending our future selves.
B．Ways of connecting with our future selves.
C．Methods of changing psychological mindsets.
D．Possibilities of us becoming our future selves.
