人教版八年级下册Unit2 I'll help to clean up the city parks.单词讲解

Vocabularies and Expressions in Unit 2
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
1. to do 不定式 or 动词不定式
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形 ”，常写作 to do ，否定形式为 not to do。
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，可以在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语等。 ①作宾语：
a. want to do sth. refuse to do sth forget to do sth need to do sth try to do sth,
learn to do sth choose to do sth. agree to do sth. help to do sth. hope/wish to do sth.
expect to do sth. decide to do sth start/begin to do sth.
b. 其中 it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是 to do 不定式结构。 常用下句子结构：
主语+find/think/believe+ it+to do sth. I find it difficult to play the piano.
②作宾语补足语：ask sb. to do sth. invite sb to do sth. wish sb. to do sth. teach sb. to do sth.
encourage sb. to do sth. ask sb. to do sth. tell sb. to do sth. help sb to do sth.
expect sb. to do sth. need sb. to do sth. want sb. to do sth.
③作目的状语，可以放在句首，用逗号隔开，也可以放在句末
To improve my English, I keep a diary every day.=I keep a diary every day to improve my English. ④作表语：My dream is to be a scientist in the future.
⑤作定语：Xi’an Gaoxin No.1 Middle School is good place to study.
⑥作主语：It 作形式主语，真正的主语是 to do 不定式结构
It is+名词短语+to do sth. It’s our duty(职责) to take care of the old.
It takes sb. some time to do sth. It took me two hours to finish the work.
It is+adj+for sb. to do sth. It was necessary to exercise regularly.
⑦作宾语补足语的动词不定式，省略 to
see sb do sth 看见某人经常做某事、看见某人做了某事
watch sb do sth. 观看某人经常做某事、观看某人做了某事
notice sb. do sth. 注意某人经常做某事、注意某人做了某事
hear sb do sth. 听见某人经常做某事、听见某人做了某事
let/make/have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
2. 询问长相: What do you look like What does your friend look like
询问性格：What is he like He is shy/quiet/outgoing/friendly/kind/nice/strict/active.
3. Clean it up, please. 请把它打扫干净。(it/them 放中间)
Chinese people clean up their house before the Chinese New Year. 中国人在新年前打扫干净他们的房子。 与 up 相关的短语还有：put up 举起；cut up 切碎; take up 开始做、学着做；give up 放弃。
4. cheer v.欢呼；喝彩
cheer for... 为……加油，为……打气;为…喝彩
Cheers! My friends. 干杯！我的朋友们。
5. cheer up (使)振奋起来；(使)高兴起来
Cheer up! 振作起来！
cheer sb. up =make sb. happy 使某人高兴
The beautiful song cheered her up. 那首美妙的歌曲使她高兴了起来、振作起来了。
6. give out 分发；散发
give out 表示分发时=hand out give out sth. to sb. 把某物分发给某人
The girl could give out food at the food bank.这个女孩可以在食品银行分发食物。
Here are the papers. Give them out to students. 这是试卷。把他们分发给学生。（them 放中间）
The sun gives out light and heat to the earth. 太阳向地球散发出光和热。give out 散发出（光、热等） 与 give 相关的短语：
give in 屈服 give back=return 归还 give a speech 发表演讲
give sb. a call 给 … … 打电话 give away 赠送 give sb. a hand =help sb. 帮助某人
give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 给某人某物
7. volunteer v.做志愿服务；志愿做；义务做 n.志愿者
volunteer to do sth.志愿、 自愿做某事
This boy could volunteer in a study program to teach kids to play the guitar.(作不及物动词，单独使用)
这个男孩可以在一个学习项目里做志愿服务,来教孩子们弹吉他。
He volunteers to clean up the city park every Saturday. 他每个周六都自愿打扫干净城市公园。(作及物动词) I worked as a volunteer in the park. 我在公园里当志愿者。(作名词)
8. come up with 想出；提出(主意、计划、回答)
come up with an idea 想出了一个主意 come up with an plan 想出一个计划
Scientists are trying their best to come up with ways to treat the disease. 科学家们正在尽全力想出治疗这种疾病的方法。
9. put off 推迟 过去式 put ing 形式 putting
put off sth.推迟某事 put off doing sth. 推迟做某事
We have to put off (holding) the sports meeting because of the bad weather. 因为天气不好，我们不得不推迟（举办）运动会。
与 put 相关的短语：
put up 举起；搭建；张贴 put on 穿上；体重增加 put out 熄灭 put away 收起来；放好
10. sign n.标志；信号 put up 张贴
Put up the notice on the wall. 把告示、通知贴在墙上。
Put up this sign on the blackboard so that every student can notice it. 把这个标志张贴在黑板上, 以便每个学生都能注意到。 Headaches may be a sign of stress. 头痛可能是紧张的迹象。
The sign on the wall says “No photos” . 墙上的标志上写着“请勿拍照 ”。 11. notice n.通知（可数名词） v.注意到
According to the notice, guests at this hotel can use the sports center for free.
根据通知，这个酒店的客人能够免费使用体育中心。
notice sb. do sth. 注意到某人做了某事/ 注意到某人经常做某事 notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事 He noticed the boy following him. 他注意到那个男孩在跟踪他。
I notice him leave the party early. 我注意到他提前离开聚会了。
12. hand out 分发=give out
13. call up 打电话给(某人)；召集、征召
We could call up 10 students and ask them to help.我们可以召集 10 名学生，请他们帮忙。
If you need some help, you can call me up at any time. 如果你需要一些帮助，你可以随时给我打电话。(代词放中间) 14. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
肯定句: 主语+used to do.... 否定句: didn’t use to do... 一般疑问句为 Did+主语+use to do... My grandma used to take a walk after dinner. 我奶奶过去常常晚饭后散步。
He didn’t use to get up early.他过去常常起得不早。
---Did you use to ride a bike to school 你过去常常是骑自行车去上学吗？
---Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
be used to doing 习惯做某事 be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事
My grandfather used to watch TV at home after dinner, but now he is used to going out for a walk.
我的祖父晚饭后过去常常在家看电视，但现在他习惯于出去散步。
My elder brother often uses his pocket money to buy books. 我哥哥经常用他的零用钱买书。
A pen is used to write. 钢笔是用来写字的。
15. lonely adj.孤独的；寂寞的
lonely adj. 孤独的；寂寞的 (强调主观情感，心灵上的孤独)；也可指“荒凉的；偏僻的 ”a lonely village He always feels lonely and wants to have a friend to talk to. 他总是感到孤独，想有个说话的朋友。
alone adv. 单独；独自 （强调客观情况，数量上是一个）
The old man lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely.
During that time, the girl had to stay at home alone. 在那期间，这个女孩不得不独自待在在家里。
The boy was very shy, and he was alone all the time. 那男孩很害羞，而且总是独自一个人。 16. care for 照顾=look after=take care of；非常喜欢=like...very much
Mrs. Wang is caring for her baby. 王女士正在照顾她的孩子。
Li Ming doesn’t care for meat. 李明不喜欢肉类。
17. several=a few pron. 几个；数个
several+名词复数
He wrote several books about his hometown. 他写过几本关于他家乡的书。 several 还可做代词，意为“几个；数个；一些 ”
If you are looking for a photo of Alice, you will find several here. 如果你正在找爱丽丝的照片，你将会在这里发现几张几张。 18. strong adj. 强壮的；强烈的
比较级 stronger 最高级 strongest
She has a strong desire to become a writer. 她强烈地渴望成为一名作家。
Brian is stronger than any other boy that I meet. 布莱恩比我见过的任何一个男孩都更强壮。 19. feeling n.感觉；感触（可数名词）
When I see the animals get better, I get a strong feeling of satisfaction. 当我看到动物们的（病情）好转时，我就会有一种强烈的满足感。 Drawing pictures can help us to express our feelings. （表达感情、情感时，feelings 常用复数形式）
20. satisfaction n.满足(一般作不可数名词
satisfy v. 使满足；满足 satisfied adj. 满意的；满足的 be satisfied with... 对...感到满意
Your support and satisfaction are the best reply to our service. 您的支持和满意是对我们服务的最佳答复。 21. joy n.高兴；愉快=happiness to one’s joy 令某人高兴的是
To her joy, she found the missing photos of her childhood. 令她高兴的是，她找到了丢失的童年照片。 The look of joy on their faces makes me happy. 他们脸上的喜悦的表情让我很高兴。
22. owner n.主人；物主
the owner of ……的主人 own v.拥有 adj. 自己的 my own schoolbag The owner of the store was a kind woman. 这家店的主人是个善良的女人。
23. try out 参加...选拔；试用 过去式 tried ing 形式 trying try out 与介词 for 连用：try out for... 参加... 的选拔
Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
去年，她决定参加选拔，成为一名课后阅读项目的志愿者。
Why don’t you try out for the basketball team 你为什么不参加篮球队的选拔？
Do you want to try out this new machine 你想试用个新机器吗？
与 try 相关的短语有：
try on 试穿 try to do sth. 努力、尽力做某事 try doing sth. 试图、尝试做某事 try one’s best to do sth.= do one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事
24. journey n. (长途) 旅行；行程
25. raise v. 募集；征集
Our class will raise money for the sick children in the hospital. 我们班将为医院里生病的孩子们筹款。
raise v. 抚养；培养
Mrs Wang helps her sister (to) raise the child. 王女士帮助她姐姐抚养这个小孩。
raise v. 提高；抬高；举起
I raised my voice to make sure everyone could hear me. 我提高声音确保每个人都能听见。
If you have a question, please raise your hand. 如果你有问题，请举手。
26. midnight n.午夜；子夜
27. repair v.修理；修补=fix up
When I got home, my grandfather was repairing his bike. 当我到家的时候，爷爷正在修理他的自行车。 28. fix up 修理；安装=repair （单三 fixes up）
It took me a whole day to fix up the radio. 修理这台收音机花了我一整天的时间。
The bike is broken. Please help me fix it up. 29. give away 捐赠
The rich man gave away most of the money to charity. 那个富人把他的大部分钱都捐给了慈善机构。
30. take after (外貌或行为)像 指因血缘关系而相像
The boy takes after his father. 那个男孩很像他爸爸。
look like 看上去像，既可指人又可指物；只强调外表
be similar to 与……类似的；相像的
My best friend is similar to me because we are both hard-working. 我朋友和我很相似，因为我们两人都很努力。 31. broken adj. 破损的；残缺的 break
Can you help me fix up the broken chair 你能帮我修一下这把坏的椅子吗？
32. wheel n.车轮；轮子
33. letter n.信;字母
write a letter to sb. 给某人写信
I am happy to receive my brother’s letter. 我很高兴收到我哥哥的来信。
34. Miss n.女士；小姐
35. set up 建立；建起；设立 (后常接某一组织、机构、团体) 过去式 set ing 形式 setting He set up a tennis club last term. 上学期，他成立了一个网球俱乐部。
36. disabled adj.丧失能力的；有残疾的
able adj. 能够的 be able to do sth. the disabled 残疾人
I worked as a volunteer to help the disabled. 我做义工来帮助残疾人。
dis- dislike disappear 消失 dishonest 不诚实的
37. make a difference 影响; 有作用 make no difference 没影响；没作用
make a difference to... 对……产生影响/起作用
The teacher’s words made a big difference to me. 老师的话对我产生了很大的影响。
The rain made no difference to the game. 这场雨对比赛没有产生任何影响。
38. blind adj.瞎的；失明的 the blind 盲人 （the+形容词，指这一类人，复数概念）
be blind to sth. 对……视而不见 turn a blind eye to sth. 对……佯装不见
He became blind many years ago. 他很多年前就看不见了。
He is blind to his mistake. 他对他的错误视而不见。
The police turned a blind eye to this problem. 警方对这一问题佯装不见。
39. deaf adj.聋的 the deaf 聋哑人（the+形容词，指这一类人，复数概念）
Later, he went to a school for blind and deaf children. 后来,他去了一所聋哑儿童学校。
40. imagine v.想象；设想
imagine doing sth. 想象做某事 imagination n. 想象力
Can you imagine your life without electricity 你能想象没有电的生活吗？
She couldn’t imagine living in such a dangerous place. 她无法想象住在那样一个危险的地方。 Can you imagine that we could build a beautiful city with rubbish imagine+that 从句
你能想象出我们可以用垃圾建一座漂亮的城市吗？
41. difficulty n. 困难（表示困难，通常作不可数名词） difficult adj. 困难的
have difficulty doing sth. 做某事有困难 without difficulty 毫不费力地
The Great Wall is too long. I have difficulty climbing it alone. 长城太长了，我独自攀登有困难。 We found the hotel without difficulty. 我们毫不费力地找到了这家旅店。
42. open v.打开
open v. 开；打开 (门、窗) adj. 开着的；营业着的 opening n.开幕式；落成典礼 turn on 打开（水、电、煤气等） turn on the blender
Can you open the window 你能开一下窗户吗？
The shop is open from 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. 这家商店从上午八点到下午六点营业。 43. door n. 门
She left with the door open. 门没关她就走了。
44. carry v.携带；提；扛 过去式 carried ing 形式 carrying take v. 拿走；带走 bring v. 拿来；带来 get v. 去取；去拿
Can you help me to carry the big bag 你能帮我拿那个大包吗？
The bag is too heavy to carry.这个袋子太重了，搬不动。
Mark often takes his books to the park. 马克常常带着书去公园。
Don’t forget to bring your homework to school. 别忘了把你的作业带来学校。
Can you go and get some water for us 你能去给我们打点儿水吗？
45. train v.训练；培训 n.火车
46. training n.训练；陪练（不可数名词）
trained adj. 受过训练的、经过训练的 many special trained doctors 许多受过特殊训练的医生 train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事 train sb. in sth. 在某方面训练某人
After six months of training, he becomes an experienced worker. 经过六个月的培训，他成为了一名经验丰富的工人。
He will be trained to be a doctor. 他将会被培训成一名医生。
The players are in training for the Olympics. 运动员们正在接受训练，备战奥运会。
47. excited adj. 激动的；兴奋的(描述 sb.) exciting adj. 令人感到兴奋的(描述 sth.)
be excited about...对...感到兴奋、激动
I love animals and I was excited about the idea of having a dog. 我喜欢动物，我对拥有一只狗这个想法感到兴奋。 We were all excited when we heard the exciting news. 听到那个令人兴奋的消息我们都很激动。
48. kindness n.善良；仁慈
-ness 名词后缀 happy-happiness ill-illness sick-sickness sad-sadness lonely-loneliness A simple act of kindness can change a person’s life. 一个简单的善举可以改变一个人的生活。
相关用法：all kinds of... 各种各样的... kind adj. 善良的 kindly adv. 49. clever adj. 聪明的
比较级 cleverer/more clever 最高级 cleverest/most clever
Though he is clever, he is hard-working. 尽管他很聪明，他还是很努力。
50. understand v. 理解； 明白 过去式 understood
understanding adj. 善解人意的 an understand friend
He is trying to understand the teacher’s words. 他在努力理解老师的话。
51. change v.&n.变化；改变
change one’s mind 改变某人的主意 change one’s life 改变了某人的生活
We can’t change the past. 我们改变不了过去。
changeable adj. 善变的；多变的
52. interest n.兴趣；关注 v.使感兴趣；使关注
have (an) interest in 对……感兴趣 have no interest in... 对……不感兴趣 take an interest in 对……产生兴趣 lose interest in... 对……失去兴趣
be interested in sth. 对……感兴趣 get interested in sth. 变得对...感兴趣 He lost interest in his work. 他对他的工作失去了兴趣。
I have no interest in history at all. 我对历史一点儿都不感兴趣。 53. sir n.先生
54. madam n.夫人；女士