(共34张PPT)
专题一 名词
中考英语二轮复习语法梳理
目
录
1
知识梳理
2
考点精讲精练
3
最新中考真题演练
1
知识梳理
2
考点精讲精练
Challenge yourself
判断下列各小题中画线单词是否为名词,正确的填“T”,错误的填“F”。
( T )1.To my surprise,I was offered a job as his secretary after the interview.
( F )2.I’d like to book a table for two for 8 o’clock tonight.
( F )3.You have to show your ticket as you go in.
( T )4.Let’s dry our hair so that we won’ t catch a cold.
( F )5.After a month,they went back home to America.
T
F
F
T
F
名词的分类
知识点1
基础题
1.That famous writer (write) gave us a report on Chinese culture yesterday.
2.The days of spring (春天) are always bright here.
3.Shanghai Museum has a large collection (collect) of works of art from home and abroad.
writer
spring
collection
4.Put safety (safe) first and be careful while riding on the road!
5.—Which car would you like to buy,Tracy?
—Um… it’s hard to make a decision (decide).
safety
decision
易错题
6. —Peter,don’t eat too much junk food.It’s bad for your health (healthy).
—OK.Thank you.
7.—Bob was picked out to be on the school volleyball team.
—His height (high) gives him a big advantage.
8.With the development (develop)of the society,more and more people devote their energy to charity.
health
height
development
类别 意 义 例 词
普 通 名 词 可数 名词 个体名词 表示某类人或东西中的个体 student,table
集体名词 表示若干个体组成的集合体 family,class
集体名词
类别 意 义 例 词
普 通 名 词 不可数 名词 物质名词 表示无法分为个体的实物 water,milk
抽象名词 表示动作、状态、情感、品质等抽象概念 work,time,news,honesty
专有名词 表示地名、人名、组织机构、语言、月份、星期、节日等(专有名词首字母要大写) Shanghai,Peter,WTO,English,March,Sunday,Spring Festival
不可数
名词
名词的数
知识点2
基础题
1.(2022·内江)My good friends sent me many beautiful gifts (gift) on my birthday.
2.(2022·临沂)Two Chinese women (woman) have been to space so far.They’re Liu Yang and Wang Yaping.
gifts
women
3.(2022·泰州)The film The Battle at Lake Changjin(《长津湖》) showed us many heroes (hero) in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea(抗美援朝战争).
4.(2022·镇江)Of all the actresses (actress),I admire Audrey Hepburn most.
5.In autumn,quite a few leaves (leaf) turn yellow and fall off the trees.
heroes
actresses
leaves
易错题
6.(2022·日照)The teacher gave me some advice (advice) on how to keep a pet.
7.I saw some Germans (German) and Englishmen dancing in the street yesterday.
8.(2021·邵阳)Look! The children (child) are enjoying themselves flying kites in the park.
advice
Germans
children
1.可数名词
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。其复数形式分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
(1)规则变化
类别 构成方法 例 词
一般情况 加- s book—books toy—toys
以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词 加- es bus—buses
church—churches
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词 变 y 为 i ,再加- es city—cities
story— stories
以f或fe结尾的词 变 f 或 fe 为 v ,再加- es life—lives
knife— knives
s
es
y
i
es
stories
f
fe
v
es
knives
类别 构成方法 例 词
以f或fe结尾的词 直接加-s roof—roofs
belief— beliefs
以o结尾的词 以辅音字母加o 结尾的词加- es tomato—tomatoes hero—heroes potato— potatoes
(英雄喜欢吃土豆和西红柿)
以元音字母加o结尾的,外来词或缩写词加- s radio—radios
bamboo—bamboos
piano—pianos
photo— photos
beliefs
es
potatoes
s
photos
(2)不规则变化
①内部元音字母发生变化。如:
man— men woman—women policeman—policemen tooth— teeth foot—feet
men
teeth
②词尾发生变化。 如:
ox—oxen(公牛) child— children
③单复数形式相同。如:
sheep— sheep deer—deer(鹿) works—works(工厂)
children
sheep
④表示“某国人”的复数形式
表示“某国人”的名词变复数遵循以下规律:中、日、瑞士不变,英法联盟a变e(man—men),其他要把-s加后面。
a.单复数同形。 如:
Chinese— Chinese Japanese—Japanese Swiss—Swiss
b.变man为men。如:
Englishman—Englishmen Frenchman— Frenchmen
c.词尾加-s。如:
Chinese
Frenchmen
German— Germans Russian—Russians Australian—Australians American—Americans Roman—Romans Indian—Indians
Germans
⑤通常只用复数形式的名词。如:
clothes 衣服 chopsticks 筷子 trousers 裤子 glasses 眼镜 scissors 剪刀
⑥复合名词的复数形式。如:
a.把复合名词中的中心词变复数。如:
son-in-law—sons-in-law 女婿
b.当第一部分为man或woman时,两部分都变复数。如:
a man teacher—two men teachers
a woman doctor—three women doctors
2.不可数名词
(1)不可数名词没有复数形式,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如:
The milk is too hot to drink.这牛奶太烫了无法喝。
(2)不可数名词前不能用不定冠词(a/an)或数词(one,two,…)修饰。
(3)要表示不可数名词的数量需借助“a+单位词(可数名词)+of+不可数名词”短语。
数量大于一时把a变为数词,单位词变复数形式。 如:
a cup of water 一杯水 two bottles of milk 两瓶牛奶
cup
bottles
(4)能修饰不可数名词的词或短语有:much,little,a little,a bit of,some,any,a lot of/lots of,plenty of等,用来表示大概的数量。如:
a lot of work 大量的工作 much water 很多水 a little milk 一点牛奶
(5)常见的不可数名词:homework(家庭作业),music(音乐),advice(建议),news(新闻),work(工作),weather(天气),traffic(交通),information(信息)。
名词的格
知识点3
基础题
1.(2022·泰州)I spent one night’s (night)time making a video Mei Lanfang and His Hometown to take part in “Tell China’s Stories” competition.
2.(2022·镇江改编)These UNICEF officers’ (officer) wish is to improve the living conditions of the local children.
night’s
officers’
3.Have you read the report?Those heroes’ (hero) stories really touched me deeply.
4.—A boy is flying a kite over there.Who is he?
—Oh,he is Lucy and Lily’s (露西和莉莉的) brother.
heroes’
Lucy and Lily’s
5.In 1920,the world’s (world) first three-color traffic light was put to use.
world’s
易错题
6.—John,where are you? Let’s go to the library.
—Sorry.I can’t go with you.I am at the doctor’s (doctor).
7.—How far is it from your home to the school?
—It’s about five minutes’ (minute) walk.
8.Mr.Smith is an old friend of my father’s (father).
doctor’s
minutes’
father’s
类型 用法 示例
’s所 有格 常用于有生命的名词 一般单数名词在词尾加’s Tom’s book 汤姆的书
my brother’s bike 我哥的自行车
以s结尾的复数名词在词尾加’ Teachers’ Day 教师节
girls’ 100-meter race女子100米赛跑
不以s结尾的复数名词在词尾加’s Women’s Day妇女节
Children’s Day儿童节
my brother’s
girls’
Children’s
类型 用法 示例
’s所 有格 常用于有生命的名词 如果某物为两者共同所有时,只需在后一个名词后加’s;如果某物为两者各自所有时,则在两个名词后都加’s John and Peter’s room.
约翰和彼得的房间。(共同所有)
John’s and Peter’s rooms.
约翰(的房间)和彼得的房间。(各自所有)
Peter’s
John’s
Peter’s
类型 用法 示例
’s所 有格 常用于有生命的名词 “名词+’s”可以表示“某人的家”,“诊所”,“店铺”等处所 at Mr.Smith’s 在史密斯先生家
at the doctor’s 在医务室
有些表示时间、距离、国家、机构等的无生命名词,也可以在词尾加’s构成所有格 five minutes’ walk (步行)5分钟的路程
doctor’s
minutes’
类型 用法 示例
of所有格 常用于无生命的名词 the windows of the house 房子的窗户
the color of the sky 天空的颜色
双重所有格 of+’s所有格 a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一个朋友
of+名词性物主代词 a classmate of mine 我的一个同学
of
my father’s
mine
3
最新真题演练
根据汉语提示或所给词的适当形式填空。
1.(2023·天津)People all over the world love pandas, and the panda has become a (象征) of China.
2.(2023·甘肃天水)Put (safe) first and be careful while riding on the road!
3.(2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔改编)Chinese scientists have made great
(进步)in space technology recently.
4.(2023·湖北鄂州)—Tom always reads for an hour every day.—That’s a good
(习惯).
symbol
safety
progress
habit
5. (2023·广 西 )My mother is a in Zhongshan Hospital. She has saved many people’s lives.
6.Uncle Tom keeps many (绵羊) on his farm and lives a happy life there.
7.—I’m sad to hear that Yuan Longping passed away.
—So am I. We lost a hero. His (achievement) on hybrid(杂交) rice helped Chinese people solve the problem of eating.
8.Mr.Hu has lots of teaching (经验).He always makes classes lively and interesting.
doctor
sheep
achievements
experience
9.—What is the (秘密) of your excellent spoken English
—Practice makes perfect!
10.—Peter was picked out to be on the school volleyball team.
—His height gives him a big (优势).
11.—What can you learn from Journey to the West
—I learn that we should have enough (勇气) to overcome the difficulties in our life.
secret
advantage
courage
12.—How can you write so well
—I read a lot, and the works of Lu Xun had a strong (影响) on me as a child.
13.—Frank, is the ruler on the desk yours
—No, it’s my (sister).They left it here yesterday.
14. (Tony and Peter) father is a pilot. He has been to many countries around the world.
15.—How far is it from your school to your home
—My school is not far from my home. It’s only (8分钟的步行).
influence
sisters’
Tony and Peter’s
8 minutes’ walk