2024年中考英语二轮语法复习课件专题五　介词

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专题五　介词
中考英语二轮复习语法梳理
目
录
1
知识梳理
2
考点精讲精练
3
最新中考真题演练
1
知识梳理
2
考点精讲精练
Challenge yourself
判断下列各小题中画线单词是否为介词，正确的填“T”，错误的填“F”。
（　T　）1.My parents have nothing against running.
（　F　）2.People should always pick up the rubbish whenever they see it.
（　T　）3.Life must be harder without the development of science and technology.
（　F　）4.Do not rubbish everywhere，or our environment will get worse.
（　T　）5.The Turkey earthquake happened on the morning of February 6，2023.
T
F
T
F
T
时间介词
知识点1
基础题
1.He was born 　in　 2010.
in　
2.Wash your hands 　before　 having meals.
3.I have lived here 　for　 5 years since my family moved to the city.
4.The Green moved to China in 2007.That means they have been in China 　since　 2007.
before　
for　
since　
易错题
5.I’m going out.I’ll be back 　in　 an hour.
6.My friend Cindy came to see me 　on　 a hot night last summer.
7.Jenny had travelled to many countries by herself 　by　 the age of 20.
in　
on　
by　

　　1.at，on与in
介词 用法 示例
at 表示在 　具体的某一时刻　 at 10：00 a.m.在上午十点钟
表示在某个节日期间 at the Spring Festival在春节
用于固定搭配 at noon/night在中午/晚上
at the end of在……结尾
具体的某一时刻　
介词 用法 示例
on 表示 　在具体的某日　 （日期或星期几） on October 7th 在十月七日
on Sunday 在星期天
表示在某个特定的早上、下午、晚上 　on　 Monday morning 在星期一早上
表示在具体的节日当天 on National Day在国庆节
在具体的某日　
on　
介词 用法 示例
in 常与表示“一段时间”的时间名词搭配（如世纪、月份、季节、年份） in winter在冬天
in 2018 在2018年
in December 在十二月
表示泛指的上下午、晚上、白天等 in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ daytime
在早上/下午/晚上/白天
“in＋一段时间”表示“在……（多久）以后”，常与 　一般将来时　 连用 My father will come back in a week.
我爸爸将于一周后回来。
用于固定搭配 in the future在将来
一般将来时　
　　2.before与after
介词 含义 用法 例句
before 在……之前 ＋时间点 I’ll arrive in Hangzhou before 11：00 a.m.我将在上午十一点之前到达杭州。
after 在……之后 ＋时间点，常与一般将来时连用 She’ll come back after 5：00 p.m.
她将在下午五点后回来。
after 在……之后 ＋ 　时间段　 ，常与 　一般过去时　 连用 He came back from London after a week.一周后他从伦敦回来了。
时间段　
一般过去时　
　　（注：before与after也可用作连词）
　 3.during与by
介词 含义 用法 例句
during 在……期间 ＋时间段，强调时间的持续性 She lived with us during these years.
这些年她和我们住在一起。
by 不迟于； 在……之前 ＋将来时间点，常与 　一般将来时　 连用 It will be cool by tomorrow morning.
到明天早上，天气就会转凉了。
＋过去时间点，常与 　过去完成时　 连用 We had learned about 1，000 words by the end of last term.
到上学期末我们已学了约1000个单词。
一般将来时　
过去完成时　
方位介词
知识点2
基础题
1.Sanya，a beautiful city，lies 　in　 the south of China.
2.We like to play 　under　 the trees while camping.
3.The nearest restroom is 　across　 from the office.
4.A large crowd of students are waiting 　at　 the school gate.
in　
under　
across　
at　
易错题
5.A driver is driving 　in the front of　 the bus.
6.Hunan is far from Hebei and it is 　on　 the south of Hubei.
7.Robinson Crusoe is about a man living 　on　 a desert island.
in the front of　
on　
on　

　　1.at与in
介词 用法 示例
at 表示地点时，多指 　较小　 的地方或某一点的具体位置（如学校、家等） at home在家
at the station在车站
in 表示地点时，多指 　较大　 的地方（如国家、城市等） in China在中国
in Shanghai在上海
较小　
较大　
　　2.in，on与to
介词 用法 例句
in 表示在某一地区的某方位 （在该范围 　以内　 ） China is in the east of Asia.
中国在亚洲东部。
on 表示与某地的相邻关系 （两地 　接壤　 ） Hubei is on the north of Hunan.
湖北在湖南的北边。
to 表示在某一地区 　之外　 的某方位（不属于该范围） Japan is to the east of China.
日本在中国的东面。
以内　
接壤　
之外　
　　3.over，above，on，under与below
介词 含义 例句
over 在……正上方 （垂直，两者不接触） There is a bridge over the river.
河上有一座桥。
above 在……的上方 （不一定垂直，两者不接触） Raise your arms above your head.
把手臂举过头顶。
on 在……上面 （两者 　接触　 ） There is a book on the desk.
桌子上有一本书。
接触　
介词 含义 例句
under 在……正下方 （垂直，两者不接触） My football is under the chair.
我的足球在椅子下面。
below 在……的下方 （不一定垂直，两者不接触） He dived below the surface of the water.
他潜入了水中。
　　4.in front of与in the front of
介词 含义 例句
in front of 在某人或某物的前面 （范围 　之外　 ） Wayne has a large white coffee in front of him.
韦恩面前摆着一大杯加了牛奶的咖啡。
There are some people in front of you.
有几个人在你前面。
之外　
介词 含义 例句
in the front of 在某一物体或空间范围的前部 （范围 　之内　 ） I sit in the front of the classroom.
我坐在教室前面。（在教室内）
The girl is standing in the front of the bus.
这个女孩站在公交的前部。（在车内）
之内　
　　5.between与among
介词 含义 例句
between 在……（两者）之间 Many changes took place between the two world wars.
两次世界大战期间发生了很多变化。
I sat down between Joy and Diana.我坐在乔伊和黛安娜中间。
介词 含义 例句
among 在……（ 　三者或三者　 以上的人或物）之间 There is a house among the trees.树林里有一座房子。
I found a letter among his papers.
我在他的文件中找到了一封信。
三者
或三者　
　　6.across，through，over与past
介词 含义 例句
across （从表面）穿过，横过 There is a hotel across the bank.银行对面有一个旅馆。
He watched Bob run across the street.他看见鲍勃向街对面跑去。
介词 含义 例句
through （从 　空间　 ）穿过 She wants to travel through the country.她想游遍全国。
The sun shone through the window.阳光透过窗户照进来。
over （从上方）穿过 The cat jumped over the wall.猫跳过围墙。
past （点对点）经过，路过 She walked past a store，but she didn’t enter it.
她走过一家商店，但没有进去。
空间　
　　7.其他方位介词
介词 含义 例句
near 在……附近 There is a park near the school.学校附近有一个公园。
next to 在……旁边 My bedroom is next to my sister’s.
我的卧室紧挨着我妹妹的卧室。
beside 　在……旁边　 I sit beside Jane.我坐在简旁边。
在……旁边　
介词 含义 例句
under 在……下面 You shouldn’t stand under a tree during a thunderstorm.
你不应该雷雨天站在树下。
behind 　在……后面　 The cat hides itself behind the sofa.
那只猫藏在了沙发后面。
inside 　在……里面　 There is nobody inside.里面没有人。
在……后面　
在……里面　
介词 含义 例句
outside 在……外面 The outside of the house needs painting.
房子的外表需要油漆一下。
along 沿着 They often take a walk along the beach.
他们经常沿着海滨散步。
across from/ opposite 在……对面 The post office is opposite to the station.
邮局在车站的对面。
方式介词
知识点3
基础题
1.As we all know，sky lanterns are covered 　with　 paper.
2.You can improve your health 　by　 running.
3.Lisa and Jane are talking 　on　 the phone.
with　
by　
on　
4.We see 　with　 our eyes.
5.She looks very smart 　in　 pink.
6.Bob goes to school 　in　 his father’s car every day.
with　
in　
in　
易错题

　　方式介词by，with，in与on
介词 用法 例句
　by　 表示“以……方式、方法或手段”，常与表示交通工具的名词连用 She usually goes to school by bike.
她通常骑自行车去上学。
　with　 表示“用……工具、材料、身体的某一部分或器官” People often eat with chopsticks in China.
在中国人们通常用筷子吃饭。
by
with
介词 用法 例句
　in　 表示“用……语言、语调、颜色等” What’s this in English？
这个用英语怎么说？
　on　 表示“用网络、电视、收音机、电话等” They talk on the phone every day.
他们每天在电话上交谈。
in
on
其他介词
知识点4
基础题
1.Wang Tao is the person 　with　 a round face.
2.My parents will take me 　to　 the park after the examination.
3.He can’t answer the question，so he wants to ask his friends 　for　 help.
4.What an excellent report it is！ He writes 　about　 what caused so much pollution.
with　
to　
for　
about　
易错题
5.Socks are only two dollars 　for　 five pairs.
6.Jimmy is the youngest 　of　 the ten boys.
7.Pleasure is the key 　to　 a happy and worthy life.
for　
of　
to　

介词 含义 例句
about 关于；对于 Could you tell me about your life？
你能告诉我关于你的生活吗？
from 从……；来自……； 表示距离 He comes from America.他来自美国。
How far is your home from here？ 你家离这儿有多远？
介词 含义 例句
with 与……一起；带有 She often goes shopping with her mother.她经常和妈妈一起购物。I’d like a house with a garden.我想要一个带花园的房子。
without 没有 The teacher left without saying a word.
那个老师一句话没说就离开了。
介词 含义 例句
of （属于）……的 Here is a photo of my family.这是我的一张全家福。
[用to不用of的情况：the answer 　to　 the question问题的答案
the key 　to　 success成功的关键]
to　
to　
介词 含义 例句
for 对于；为了 What would you like for breakfast？ 你早餐想吃什么？
Let me do it for you.让我为你做这件事。
to 向；到 Do you know the way to the zoo？ 你知道去动物园的路吗？
as 作为 We have a job for you as a waiter.
我们有一份服务员的工作提供给你。
against 对抗；反对；靠着 Our class played against Class 3 and we won.
我们班和三班比赛并且赢了。
I am against her opinions.我不同意她的观点。
介词短语
知识点5
基础题
1.Be careful when you go 　across　 the road.
2.The bag under the chair must belong 　to　 Lucy.
3.The city is getting better and better，and more changes are 　 on　 the way.
4.Together for a Bright Future is the theme 　of　 the Chinese Language Day this year.
across　
to　
on　
of　
易错题
5.Life could be full 　of　 ups and downs at times.
6.I put 　off　 my trip because of a very important meeting.
7.To Matt’s surprise，the boy walks 　to　 him with a smile.
of　
off　
to　

　　介词作为虚词，不能单独使用，常与名词等构成介词短语或与动词等搭配使用。
介词搭配常见类型：
1.动词＋介词
agree with/to 同意 arrive at 到达
ask for 向……要 begin with 从……开始
break into 闯入 call on 拜访
catch up with 赶上 change into 变成
come across 遇见 deal with 处理
depend on 依靠 die of 死于
dream of 梦见 fall behind 落后于
eed on 以……为食 fight against 与……战斗
go through 通过，拨通（电话） get to 到达
give off 发出（光、蒸汽） give out 分发
go on 进行 hear from 收到……来信
hear of 听说 thank to 多亏
join in 参加（比赛、活动） knock at 敲（门、窗）
laugh at 嘲笑 lead to 导致，通往
listen to 听 look after 照顾
look at 看 look for 寻找 look up 查阅
look into 调查 look like 看起来像 look over 检查
move to 搬到 pay for 付款 put on 穿上（衣服）
prefer to 更喜欢 point into 指向 shout at/to 喊叫
stand for 代表 succeed in 成功 talk with 与……交谈
talk about 谈论 talk of 谈起 think about 考虑
think of 想起 wait for 等待
2.动词＋名词＋介词
make fun of 嘲笑 make use of 利用 set fire to 点燃
take care of 照顾 take part in 参加
3.（be）＋形容词/过去分词＋介词
be afraid of 害怕 be angry with 生某人的气
be good at 擅长 be good for 有益于
be good to 对……好 be busy with 忙于
be different in 在……方面不同 be different from 与……不同
be famous for 以……闻名 be familiar with 对……熟悉
be far from 远离 be fit for 对……合适
be fond of 喜爱 be full of 充满
be late for 迟到 be married to 与……结婚
be patient with 对……有耐心 be pleased with 对……满意
be polite to 对……有礼貌 be popular with 受到……的喜爱
be prepared for 为……做准备
be ready for 做好……的准备
be short of 缺少 be tired of 厌烦
be worried about 担忧 be worthy of 值得
be careful/careless about 重视，讲究/不关心
4.名词＋介词
anger at 生气 answer to 答案 attention to 关注
cause of 原因 effect on 对……作用 entrance to 通向……的入口
example of 例子 explanation for 对……的解释 lack of 缺少
need for 需求 order for 订购 plan for 计划
5.介词＋名词
at once 立刻 at home 在家 at last 最后
at the age of 在……岁 at the same time 与此同时
in time 及时 in a hurry 匆忙 in fact 事实上
in public 当众 in trouble 处于困难中
in danger 处于危险中 in hospital住院
in the end 最后 in the middle of 在……中间
on time 准时 on show 展览 on duty 值日
on foot步行 on the left 在左边 on the radio 通过广播
on the top of 在……顶端 by bus 乘公共汽车
by chance 偶然 by the end of 在末尾
3
试题演练
根据语境或首字母提示,填写适当的介词。
1.China launched(发射) Shenzhou 16 manned space ship successfully　　May 30,2023.
2.—Many thanks 　　　　your gift. I love it.
—You’re welcome, Mary.
3.Please bring Ms. Steen to the welcome party w　　　　 telling her so that she can be surprised.
4.The instrument Eye Harp is specially designed　　　　 disabled people to play music with eyes.
on
for
ithout
for
5.—I’m thirsty.I’d like a glass of orange juice.What about you,Betty
—I prefer a cup of tea 　　　　nothing in it.
6.Deng Qingming, an astronaut of Shenzhou 15,achieved his dream
t　　　　 many years’ hard work.
7.—Congratulations! Can you share your secret to learning
—If you work hard enough, you will succeed 　　　 achieving your goal.
8.Do whatever you can for the community, l　　　 looking after the old or teaching kids art.
with
hrough
in
ike
9.—The Double Trank of Chengdu Kunming Rail was opened to traffic in December,2022.
—Yes,it’s very convenient now.It takes us about three hours 　　　Chengdu to Xichang on a high speed train.
10.—Thanks to our government,we can have a new library next week.
—That’s great.And we will read books there 　　　　 a month.
11.—Did you and your parents join the trip
—Yes.B　　　　 us, the Greens also went to the amusement park.
from
in
esides
12.—I’m proud of our China’s Tiangong Station plan.
—Me,too.We have taken another step 　　　　 our space dream.
13.—How long have you lived in this city
—S　　　 2010.
14.—Can you tell me how to keep healthy
—Well, there are a lot of ways. 　　　　　　,we can do more exercise and eat less junk food.
15.It’s a good habit to 　　　　　 the lights when you leave a room.
towards
ince
For example
turn off