黑龙江省实验中学2023-2024学年度高一下学期开学考试
英语学科试题
考试时间：90分钟 总分：100分
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分20分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What are the speakers doing
A. Looking after Dad. B. Buying a jacket. C. Holding a party.
2. Who is the man probably
A. The house owner. B. The repairman. C. The tutor.
3. What’s wrong with the man
A. He breaks a drum. B. He feels unwell. C. He forgets to take his medicine.
4. What did the man do yesterday
A. Finished reading a book. B. Had dinner with the woman. C. Gave a speech.
5. How would the woman like to go home
A. By bus. B. By subway. C. By taxi.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6 Why does the woman gain weight
A. She eats too much. B. She feels stressed. C. She is at the age of getting fat.
7. What will the man do to lose weight
A. Go to a yoga class. B. Join a jogging club. C. Go running every day.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What will the woman do tonight
A. Go back home early. B. Go to a party. C. Talk to Mom.
9. What does the woman think of her mother
A. Kind. B. Strict. C. Open-minded.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Where are the speakers probably
A. In a store. B. In a post office. C. At home.
11. How much will the man pay for the delivery
A. For free. B. 15 yuan. C. 20 yuan.
12. When will the man get his delivery
A. Today. B. Tomorrow. C. The day after tomorrow.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What’s the relationship between the speakers
A Husband and wife. B. Friends. C. Colleagues.
14. What dessert will be prepared tomorrow
A. Fruits. B. Strawberry pie. C. Chocolate cake.
15. What day is it today
A. Friday. B. Saturday. C. Sunday.
16. What will the man do after lunch tomorrow
A. Watch a football game. B. Send children to school. C. Take a shower.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. At what age did Dessi Sieburth start loving birds
A. 6. B. 8. C. 14.
18. Why does Dessi make boxes for bluebirds
A. They are everywhere in his hometown.
B. They are easy to track.
C. They lose their nest places.
19. What’s the function of Dessi’s website
A. To do researches. B. To teach people about birds. C. To raise money for birds.
20. What did Dessi do in Alaska recently
A. He interviewed biologists. B. He bought some gold there. C. He studied on a type of eagle.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题，每题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
FAMOUS CHINESE PAINTINGS, ARTISTIC TREASURES
With thousands of years of continuous history, China is one of the most culturally unique nations. Over many centuries, Chinese artists have created paintings that are now in the hearts of more than a billion people.
Nymph of the Luo River—Gu Kaizhi
The legend has it that Cao Zhi, a prince of the state of Cao Wei, fell in love with the governor’s daughter. However, she married his brother, Cao Pi, and the prince became upset. Later, he composed an emotional poem about the love between the goddess and common people. In the 4th century, Gu Kaizhi, a Chinese artist, was moved by the story and illustrated the poem.
Court Ladies Adorning Their Hair with Flowers—Zhou Fang
During the Tang Dynasty, China had a prosperous economy and flourishing culture. In this period, the genre of “beautiful women painting” enjoyed popularity. Coming from a noble background, Zhou Fang, a Chinese artist, created artworks in this genre. In his painting, the ladies stand as though they are fashion models, but one of them is entertaining herself by teasing a cute dog.
Along the River During the Qingming Festival—Zhang Zeduan
Zhang Zeduan depicted the landscape in his work Along the River During the Qingming Festival. However, instead of concentrating on the vastness of nature, he captured the daily life of the people of Bianjing, present-day Kaifeng. His work shows much about life in the Northern Song Dynasty.
A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains—Wang Ximeng
Not only did officials and scholars enjoy listening to music, but they also found pleasure in depicting nature. One such painter was Wang Ximeng. He was a prodigy. Wang Ximeng painted A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains when he was only seventeen years old. He died several years later, but he left one of the largest and most beautiful paintings in Chinese history.
1. Where do you think this passage is taken from
A. A novel. B. A travel journal.
C. A magazine. D. A book review.
2. What can we learn from this passage
A. Wang Ximeng created his masterpiece in his teens.
B. Nymph of the Luo River is a poem written by Cao Zhi.
C. Zhou Fang painted fashion models in his painting.
D. Zhang Zeduan’s painting describes daily life of officials.
3. Which is your best choice if you want to enjoy a painting with the beauty of nature
A. Nymph of the Luo River—Gu Kaizhi.
B. A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains—Wang Ximeng.
C. Court Ladies Adorning Their Hair with Flowers—Zhou Fang.
D. Along the River During the Qingming Festival—Zhang Zeduan.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四幅中国知名画家的作品。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“With thousands of years of continuous history, China is one of the most culturally unique nations. Over many centuries, Chinese artists have created paintings that are now in the hearts of more than a billion people.(中国拥有数千年的连续历史，是世界上文化最独特的国家之一。几个世纪以来，中国艺术家创作的绘画作品如今在10亿多人心中流传。)”以及全文内容可知文章主要讲的是中国艺术家创作的绘画作品，所以文章最有可能出自一本和艺术相关的杂志。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Nymph of the Luo River—Gu Kaizhi部分的“Later, Cao Zhi composed an emotional poem about the love between the goddess and common people.In the 4th century, Gu Kaizhi, a Chinese artist, was moved by the story and illustrated the poem.(后来，曹植写了一首关于女神和普通人之间爱情的感人的诗。公元4世纪，中国艺术家顾恺之被这个故事所感动，并为这首诗配了插图。)”可知Nymph of the Luo River实际上是由顾恺之根据曹植的《洛神赋》所配的一幅画，所以B不对；根据Court Ladies Adorning Their Hair with Flowers—Zhou Fang部分的“In his painting, the ladies stand as though they are fashion models, but one of them is entertaining herself by teasing a cute dog.(在他的画中，女士们站在那里，就像时装模特一样，但其中一人正在逗弄一只可爱的狗。)”可知Zhou Fang的画里面画的并不是时装模特，所以C不正确；根据Along the River During the Qingming Festival—Zhang Zeduan部分的“he captured the daily life of the people of Bianjing, present-day Kaifeng.(他描绘了汴京(今开封)人民的日常生活。)”可知Zhang Zeduan在《清明上河图》里面描述的并不是官员们的生活，而是普通老百姓的日常生活，所以D项不对；根据A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains—Wang Ximeng部分的“Wang Ximeng painted A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains when he was only seventeen years old. (王希孟十七岁时就画了《千里江山图》。)”，可知王希孟在十几岁时就完成了他的大作，所以A正确。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains—Wang Ximeng部分的“Not only did officials and scholars enjoy listening to music, but they also found pleasure in depicting nature.(官员和学者不仅喜欢听音乐，他们也从描绘自然中找到乐趣。)”可知A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains—Wang Ximeng可以让官员们享受到大自然的美景，所以如果你想欣赏大自然的美景，可以选择这幅画。故选B项。
B
You run into the grocery store to quickly pick up your item. You grab what you need and head to the front of the store. After quickly sizing up the check-out lines, you choose the one that looks fastest. You chose wrong. People getting in other lines long after you have already checked out and headed to the parking lot. Why does this seem to always happen to you
Well, as it turns out, it's just math that is working against you. A grocery store tries to have enough employees at the checkout lines to get all their customers through with minimum delay. But sometimes, like on a Sunday afternoon, they get super busy. Because most grocery stores don't have the physical space to add more checkout lines, their system becomes overburdened. Some small interruption — a price check, a particularly talkative customer — will have downstream effects, holding up the entire line behind them.
If there are three lines at the store, these delays will happen randomly at different registers (收银台). Think about the probability. The chances of your line being that fastest one are only one in three, which means you have a two-thirds chance of not being in the fastest line. So it's not just in your mind: Another line is probably moving faster than yours.
Now, mathematicians have come up with a good solution, which they call queuing theory, to this problem: Just make all customers stand in one long snaking line, called a serpentine line, and serve each person at the front with the next available register. With three registers, this method is about three times faster on average than the more traditional approach. This is what they do at most banks, Trader Joe's, and some fast-food places. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow everyone down a little bit.
4. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph
A. Queuing in a line. B. A shopping experience.
C. A rush in the morning. D. Cutting in a line.
5. According to the article, what may cause delays in checking out
A. The lack of employees in the grocery store.
B. Some unexpected delays of certain customers.
C. The increasing items bought by customers.
D. A worsening shopping system of the store.
6. What is the solution given by mathematicians
A. Employing more workers for checking out.
B. Limiting the number of queuing people.
C. Making only one line available.
D. Always standing in the same line.
7. What's the principle behind the queuing theory
A. To pursue the maximum benefit.
B. To leave success or failure to luck.
C. To avoid the minimum loss.
D. To spread the risk equally among everyone.
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。文章说明了杂货店排队方式以及研究人员提出的蛇形队伍的新方式，并分析了各自的利弊。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“ou run into the grocery store to quickly pick up your item. You grab what you need and head to the front of the store. After quickly sizing up the check-out lines, you choose the one that looks fastest. You chose wrong. People getting in other lines long after you have already checked out and headed to the parking lot. Why does this seem to always happen to you (你跑到杂货店去买东西。拿上你需要的东西，到商店前面去。快速排队结账之后，你选择看起来最快的那条。你选错了。人们在你已经结完账并前往停车场之后，还在排队等候。为什么这种事总是发生在你身上？)”可知，第一段描述了在商店购物排队结账的现象。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“But sometimes, like on a Sunday afternoon, they get super busy. Because most grocery stores don't have the physical space to add more checkout lines, their system becomes overburdened. Some small interruption — a price check, a particularly talkative customer — will have downstream effects, holding up the entire line behind them. (但有时候，比如周日下午，他们会超级忙。因为大多数杂货店没有足够的空间来增加更多的结账队伍，他们的系统变得负担过重。一些小的干扰——价格检查，一个特别健谈的客户——会产生顺流效应，使整条队伍停滞不前)”可知，某些客户的意外延误可能会导致结账时队伍的停滞不前。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Now, mathematicians have come up with a good solution, which they call queuing theory, to this problem: Just make all customers stand in one long snaking line, called a serpentine line, and serve each person at the front with the next available register.(现在，数学家们想出了一个很好的解决方案，他们称之为排队论，来解决这个问题：让所有的顾客排成一条长长的蛇形队伍，叫做蛇形队伍”，为前面的每个人提供下一个可用的收银机)”可知，数学家们提出的解决方案是让人们排一条蛇形的队伍来进行结账。选项C与文意相符，故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow everyone down a little bit. (如果排成蛇形队伍，在一个收银台耽搁很长时间，也不会对排在队伍后面的人造成不公平的惩罚。相反，这会让每个人都慢下来)”可推知，蛇形队伍的排队方式会让每个人都享受公平，即把风险平均分配给每个人。故选D。
C
Most glitter(小发光物品), which is made up of tiny pieces of plastic, is a huge danger to the environment. “Everyone talks about the mountain of plastic floating in the ocean. You can grab empty bottles from the water, but with tiny pieces, it’s impossible,” says Victor Alvarez, a chemical engineer who sells an eco-friendly alternative to glitter.
In the early 2,000s, Alvarez worked for Mercedes-Benz in Germany, where he became fond of any technology that protected the environment. A few years after leaving Mercedes-Benz, he founded Blue Sun International in Miami, which makes specialty ingredients for the skin and hair care industries.
Glitter is a popular ingredient in cosmetics, such as eye shadows and lipsticks. So Alvarez began researching an alternative that didn’t contain plastic to make his products safer for the environment. That’s when he came across Ronald Britton Ltd., a company which had developed a plastic-free, biodegradable product called Bioglitter. It is made from regenerative cellulose(纤维素) sourced from hardwoods, primarily eucalyptus(桉树). Alvarez worked with the company to become the first retailer to sell Bioglitter in America. In 2018, he formed Today Glitter in order to sell the biodegradable glitter directly to consumers through its website.
Today Glitter sells two kinds of biodegradable glitter Bioglitter Sparkle and Bioglitter Pure. Both are almost plastic-free and can biodegrade in a short time. Meanwhile, they are as shiny as regular glitter. All these products are third-party tested by T V, an international organization that provides testing and certification for compostable (可降解的) and biodegradable products.
Despite its benefits, the hardwoods needed to make biodegradable glitter cause it to cost about twice as much as conventional glitter. A small glass container that contains just 6 grams of Bioglitter costs $10, while the same amount of regular glitter could cost at least half that amount. Alvarez expects the price will come down over time. He also expects the company’s sales to cross $1 million next year. But more importantly, Alvarez says, his main goal is to effect a meaningful change.
8. While at Mercedes Benz, Alvarez .
A. developed a way to grab glitter in the sea B. became interested in the environment
C. attempted to live a plastic-free life D. created a kind of harmless glitter
9. What do we know about Bioglitter
A It is a plastic-free ingredient for eye shadows.
B. It will soon be on sale in the American market.
C. It is very difficult to break down in the wild.
D. It was invented by Blue Sun International.
10. Why does the author mention T V in the text
A. To show Bioglitter Sparkle and Bioglitter Pure are popular.
B. To stress it provides a broad range of testing services.
C. To prove Today Glitter’s products are eco-friendly.
D. To explain many plastic products are low-quality.
11. What is the problem faced by Today Glitter at present
A. The complex process of making glitter. B. How to expand its overseas market.
C. How to attract potential investors. D. The high cost of raw materials.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一种新型的环保材料Bioglitter，能在短时间内生物降解，但是也有缺点那就是价格高。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“In the early 2,000s, Alvarez worked for Mercedes-Benz in Germany, where he became fond of any technology that protected the environment.(21世纪初，Alvarez在德国的梅赛德斯——奔驰公司工作，在那里他喜欢上了任何保护环境的技术。)”可知，在梅赛德斯——奔驰公司，Alvarez对环境产生了兴趣。故选B项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Glitter is a popular ingredient in cosmetics, such as eye shadows and lipsticks. So Alvarez began researching an alternative that didn’t contain plastic to make his products safer for the environment. That’s when he came across Ronald Britton Ltd., a company which had developed a plastic-free, biodegradable product called Bioglitter. It is made from regenerative cellulose(纤维素) sourced from hardwoods, primarily eucalyptus(桉树). Alvarez worked with the company to become the first retailer to sell Bioglitter in America. In 2018, he formed Today Glitter in order to sell the biodegradable glitter directly to consumers through its website.(闪光片是化妆品中的一种流行成分，如眼影和唇膏。因此，Alvarez开始研究一种不含塑料的替代品，以使他的产品对环境更安全。就在那时，他遇到了罗纳德·布里顿有限公司，这家公司开发了一种无塑料、可生物降解的产品，名为生物闪光片。它由再生纤维素制成来源于硬木，主要是桉树。Alvarez与该公司合作，成为第一家在美国销售生物闪光粉的零售商。2018年，他成立了Today Glitter，通过其网站直接向消费者销售可生物降解的闪光片。)”可知，Bioglitter是一种不含塑料的眼影成分。故选A项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Today Glitter sells two kinds of biodegradable glitter Bioglitter Sparkle and Bioglitter Pure. Both are almost plastic-free and can biodegrade in a short time. Meanwhile, they are as shiny as regular glitter. All these products are third-party tested by T V, an international organization that provides testing and certification for compostable (可降解的) and biodegradable products.( Today Glitter销售两种可生物降解的闪光片biogitter Sparkle和biogitter Pure。两者几乎都不含塑料，可以在短时间内生物降解。与此同时，它们和普通亮片一样闪亮。所有这些产品都经过T V的第三方测试，T V是一家为可堆肥和可生物降解产品提供测试和认证的国际组织。)”可知，作者在文中提到T V以证明Today Glitter的产品是环保的。故选C项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despite its benefits, the hardwoods needed to make biodegradable glitter cause it to cost about twice as much as conventional glitter. A small glass container that contains just 6 grams of Bioglitter costs $10, while the same amount of regular glitter could cost at least half that amount.(尽管有这些好处，但制造可生物降解闪光片所需的硬木使其成本大约是传统闪光片的两倍。一个装有6克生物亮片的小玻璃容器的价格为10美元，而同样数量的普通亮片的价格至少是这个价格的一半。)”可知，Today Glitter面临的问题是原材料的高成本。故选D项。
D
Carl Wieman, a Nobel Prize-winning physicist at Stanford University, excelled in the lab, where he created the Bose-Einstein condensate (玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚态). However, his mastery in the lab did not extend to the classroom. For years, he wrestled with what seemed to be a straightforward task: making undergraduates comprehend physics as he did. Laying it out for them—explaining, even demonstrating the core concepts of the discipline—was not working. Despite his clear explanations, his students’ capacity to solve the problems he posed to them remained inadequate.
It was in an unexpected place that he found the key to the problem: not in his classrooms but among the graduate students (研究生) who came to work in his lab. When his PH. D. candidates entered the lab, Wieman noticed, their habits of thought were no less narrow and rigid than the undergraduates. Within a year or two, however, these same graduate students transformed into the flexible thinkers he was trying so earnestly, and unsuccessfully, to cultivate. “Some kind of intellectual process must have been missing from the traditional education,” Wieman recounts.
A major factor in the graduate students’ transformation. Wieman concluded, was their experience of intense social engagement around a body of knowledge — the hours they spent advising, debating with, and recounting anecdotes to one another. In 2019, a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences backed this idea. Tracking the intellectual advancement of several hundred graduate students in the sciences over the course of four years, its authors found that the development of crucial skills such as generating hypotheses (假设), designing experiments, and analyzing data was closely related to the students’ engagement with their peers in the lab, rather than the guidance they received from their faculty mentors (导师).
Wieman is one of a growing number of Stanford professors who are bringing this “active learning” approach to their courses. His aspiration is to move science education away from the lecture format toward a model that is more active and more engaged.
12. What problem did Carl Wieman have with his undergraduates
A. Making them excel in the lab. B. Demonstrating lab experiments.
C. Facilitating their all-round development. D. Enhancing their physics problem-solving.
13. Which of the following best describes the graduate students who first joined Wieman’s lab
A. Limited in thinking. B. Resistant to new ideas.
C. Flexible and earnest. D. Experienced and cooperative.
14. What is crucial for developing students’ intelligent thought according to the 2019 study
A. Intense lab work. B. Peer pressure and evaluation.
C. Academic interaction with fellows. D. Engagement with external society.
15. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A. Transforming Graduates’ Habits B. Carl Wieman’s Nobel Prize Journey
C. The Nobel-Prize Winner’s Struggles D. Carl Wieman’s Education Innovation
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. D 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了诺贝尔奖获得者美国斯坦福大学教授将“主动学习”的方法引入课程，希望将科学教育从讲座形式转变为一种更加积极和更加投入的模式。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Laying it out for them—explaining, even demonstrating the core concepts of the discipline—was not working. Despite his clear explanations, his students’ capacity to solve the problems he posed to them remained inadequate. (向他们解释，甚至展示这门学科的核心概念，都没有起到作用。尽管他解释得很清楚，但他的学生解决问题的能力仍然不足。)”可知，加强物理问题的解决能力是本科生的问题。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Within a year or two, however, these same graduate students transformed into the flexible thinkers he was trying so earnestly, and unsuccessfully, to cultivate. (然而，在一两年内，这些同样的研究生转变成了灵活的思想家，他一直在努力培养这些思想家，但没有成功。)”可知，思维有限是首次加入Wieman实验室的毕业生的问题。故选A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“A major factor in the graduate students’ transformation. Wieman concluded, was their experience of intense social engagement around a body of knowledge — the hours they spent advising, debating with, and recounting anecdotes to one another. In 2019, a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences backed this idea. (他总结说，研究生转变的一个主要因素是他们围绕知识体系的强烈社会参与体验——他们花费大量时间相互建议、辩论和叙述轶事。2019年，美国国家科学院院刊发表的一项研究支持了这一观点。)”可知，根据2019年的研究，发展学生智力思维的关键是与外部社会的接触。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Wieman is one of a growing number of Stanford professors who are bringing this “active learning” approach to their courses. His aspiration is to move science education away from the lecture format, toward a model that is more active and more engaged. (越来越多的斯坦福大学教授将这种“主动学习”的方法引入他们的课程，维曼就是其中之一。他的愿望是将科学教育从讲座形式转变为一种更加积极和更加投入的模式。)”结合文章段落大意，文章第一段是讲Carl Wieman在教学中发现学生的思维能力和解决问题的能力较差；第二、三段关于他如何找到的解决方案——在实验室的研究生身上发现思维能力的提升关键是和同伴进行的学术交流。第四段是结果——越来越多的教授们在课程教学中采用积极学习的模式。可知本文主要介绍了诺贝尔奖获得者美国斯坦福大学教授将“主动学习”的方法引入课程，希望将科学教育从讲座形式转变为一种更加积极和更加投入的模式，选项D“Carl Wieman’s Education Innovation(卡尔·维曼的教育创新) ”符合本文题目。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Four Tips to Discover Your True Passion
True passion is the emotion, feeling, and desire that arises out of love for something. It’s the force that magnifies (放大) your capabilities for the benefit of excellent performance. This is because it’s a powerful motivation for best performance and everyone wants to get there. ____16____ Finding what you’re passionate about is a long road that requires effort and the following are some useful tips.
Search your childhood.
The purity and truth of your being are in the early stages of life. To that end, going back to the things you loved back then is always an excellent indication of marked preferences. Did you want to be a doctor ____17____ These are all clues that begin to point the way. While it’s true that children have several preferences in their early stages, it’s actually quite easy to figure out which they prioritize (优先考虑).
Experiment and discover.
Doing the same activities day after day closes any probabilities to succeed in finding your true passion. ____18____ This creates a trial-and-error scenario (设想) that promotes a positive outcome in less time.
Focus to find your true passion.
You must forget about the myth that doing what you’re passionate about will be easy and pleasant. This is because there’ll always be inconveniences in any activity you undertake. Beyond that, don’t lose focus on the fact that these are temporary moments. ____19____
Remember that your age doesn’t matter.
____20____ Encouraging yourself to take the first step can be difficult due to some of society’s obsolete (被淘汰的) barriers. The truth is that you must allow yourself to achieve and show your tastes leaving aside any obstacles, especially those that are self-imposed (自己强加的). It’s never too late!
A. Were you interested in insects
B. Take a variety of courses each month.
C. Do you know the meaning of passion
D. Age isn’t necessary to find out your true passion.
E. Be calm while finding out your motivation.
F. It’s vital to figure out what you’re passionate about.
G. Understanding this will make it easier to keep motivated.
【答案】16. F 17. A 18. B 19. G 20. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了找到真正激情所在的方法。
【16题详解】
上文“True passion is the emotion, feeling, and desire that arises out of love for something. It’s the force that magnifies (放大) your capabilities for the benefit of excellent performance. This is because it’s a powerful motivation for best performance and everyone wants to get there.(真正的激情是因爱某物而产生的情感、感觉和欲望。它是一种力量，可以放大你的能力，从而获得卓越的表现。这是因为它是一种强大的动力，可以让每个人都取得最好的成绩)”讲passion的作用和可以带来的好处，下文“Finding what you’re passionate about is a long road that requires effort and the following are some useful tips.(找到你的激情所在是一条漫长的道路，需要付出努力，下面是一些有用的建议)”提出如何找到激情所在，F项“It’s vital to figure out what you’re passionate about. (找出你的激情所在是至关重要的)”承上启下，因为激情能带来好处，所以要找到自己激情所在，从而引出下文的方法，符合上下文连贯。故选F项。
【17题详解】
根据上文“going back to the things you loved back then”可知，作者推荐回到童年去寻找自己喜欢的事情，A项“Were you interested in insects (你对昆虫感兴趣吗？)”和前一问题“Did you want to be a doctor (你想成为一名医生吗？)”都是童年兴趣时期儿童兴趣所在，同时，这两个问题也照应了下文“These are all clues”，符合上下文连贯。故选A项。
【18题详解】
上文“Doing the same activities day after day closes any probabilities to succeed in finding your true passion.(日复一日地做同样的事情，让你很难找到真正的激情)”讲重复的工作无法帮助我们找到激情，B项“Take a variety of courses each month.(每个月参加各种各样的课程)”提出了解决办法：学习各种各样的课程，避免重复，且同时与下文中“This creates a trial-and-error scenario”相照应，符合上下文连贯。故选B项。
【19题详解】
上文“You must forget about the myth that doing what you’re passionate about will be easy and pleasant. This is because there’ll always be inconveniences in any activity you undertake. Beyond that, don’t lose focus on the fact that these are temporary moments. (你必须忘记那种认为做你热爱的事情会轻松愉快的说法。这是因为在你从事的任何活动中，总会有不便的地方。除此之外，不要忽视这样一个事实：这些都是短暂的时刻)”纠正了一些错误的观点，G项“Understanding this will make it easier to keep motivated.(理解这一点会让你更容易保持动力)”说明明白这些道理后的结果，符合上下文连贯。故选G项。
【20题详解】
根据小标题“Remember that your age doesn’t matter.(记住，你的年龄并不重要)”可知，本段主要讲年龄不是问题，D项“Age isn’t necessary to find out your true passion.(找到你真正的激情，年龄并不是必要条件)”与段落主题一致，符合上下文连贯。故选D项。
第二部分：英语知识运用（共三节，满分40分）
第一节：完形填空（共15小题；每题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
My phone was an extension of myself. I couldn’t go anywhere ____21____ it. I scrolled through my friends’ ____22____ into late night and turned my phone on before my eyes were fully open. I enjoyed having it until that day when I realized that what had started as a useful tool had turned into a(n) ____23____. So, I made a ____24____ decision to turn off that smartphone and ____25____ my old dumb phone out of hiding.
When I was watching TV shows or movies and there was a boring part, I ____26____ picking up the phone and checking out “what everyone else was doing.” Now I had to pay attention or find a way to ____27____ myself with my thoughts instead. When I visited New York City, I had to write out ____28____ and ask people where an intersection (十字路口) was ____29____ pulling out my phone.
I have welcomed silence into my life with open arms and am enjoying the increased _____30_____ from not constantly having to fight with the _____31_____ to check my phone while I’m trying to get something done. I am allowing my thoughts to speak to me instead of my phone. I am connecting with others in a _____32_____ way that isn’t all about me. Instead of always posting about what’s going on in my _____33_____ perfect life, I am connecting with my friends one-on-one, talking about the reality of our lives and being there for them from a place of _____34_____.
As much as having a smartphone was _____35_____, not having one is freeing on a much bigger level.
21.
A. through B. without C. despite D. upon
22.
A. updates B. instructions C. assessments D. decisions
23.
A. symbol B. responsibility C. reality D. addiction
24.
A. conscious B. shameful C. foolish D. random
25.
A. sell B. pull C. throw D. mind
26.
A. avoided B. denied C. missed D. allowed
27.
A. assist B. improve C. associate D. occupy
28.
A. requests B. thoughts C. directions D. comments
29.
A. instead of B. regardless of C. but for D. apart from
30.
A. creativity B. productivity C. knowledge D. independence
31.
A. routine B. necessity C. loneliness D. temptation
32.
A. genuine B. grateful C. direct D. desperate
33.
A. naturally B. certainly C. seemingly D. gradually
34.
A. wonder B. imagination C. interest D. authenticity
35.
A. depressive B. comfortable C. stressful D. boring
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者曾沉迷于手机，后来意识到手机成了负担。于是关掉智能手机，用老式手机。不再随时查看手机，学会享受平静，更注重人际关系。作者感到自由，强调了不拥有智能手机的解脱感。
【21题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：没有它我哪儿也去不了。A. through通过；B. without没有；C. despite尽管；D. upon在……之上。根据上文“an extension of myself”和下文“into late night and turned my phone on before my eyes were fully open”可推知，手机成为了作者的一部分，所以没有手机他哪儿也去不了。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我翻看朋友们的更新直到深夜，还没完全睁开眼睛就打开了手机。A. updates更新；B. instructions指示；C. assessments评估；D. decisions决定。结合常识和句中“scrolled through (滚动浏览)”可推知，作者翻看的是朋友在社交网络上更新的内容。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很喜欢用它，直到有一天我意识到，它原本是一个有用的工具，但后来变成了一种瘾。A. symbol象征；B. responsibility责任；C. reality现实；D. addiction上瘾。根据上文“I scrolled through my friends’ 2 into late night and turned my phone on before my eyes were fully open.”可知，作者在手机上翻看朋友们的更新直到深夜，还没完全睁开眼睛就打开了手机，说明他已经对手机上瘾。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以，我做了一个慎重的的决定，关掉智能手机，把我的旧手机从藏起来的地方取出来。A. conscious慎重的；B. shameful可耻的；C. foolish愚蠢的；D. random随机的。根据上文“I realized that what had started as a useful tool had turned into a(n) 3 ”可知，作者知道自己对手机上瘾，所以决定关掉智能手机用旧的老式手机，这是他有意识的、慎重的决定。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，我做了一个有意识的决定，关掉智能手机，把我的旧手机从藏起来的地方取出来。A. sell卖；B. pull拉，拔出，取出；C. throw扔；D. mind在意。根据上文“turn off that smartphone”和下文“old dumb phone out of hiding”可推知，作者要收好智能手机，拿出老式旧手机来使用。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我在看电视节目或电影，看到其中一个无聊的部分时，我就想着拿起手机看看“其他人都在做什么。”。A. avoided避免；B. denied否认；C. missed想念；D. allowed允许。结合常识和上文“there was a boring part”与下文“checking out “what everyone else was doing.””可推知，对手机上瘾的人只要一有空，就会想着拿出手机看看。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在我必须集中注意力，或者找到一种方法让自己沉浸在我的思想中。A. assist协助；B. improve改善；C. associate联想；D. occupy使忙于，使一直在想。根据上文“pay attention”和下文“with my thoughts”要推知，现在作者想要戒掉手机瘾，所以他要让自己专注于自己的思考，不去想手机；occupy myself with my thoughts“让自己沉浸在思考中”。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我访问纽约市时，我不得不写下路线，并询问人们十字路口在哪里，而不是掏出我的手机。A. requests请求；B. thoughts思考；C. directions(指示路线的)说明；D. comments评论。根据上文可知，作者收起了智能手机，结合下文“ask people where an intersection (十字路口)”可推知，没有了智能手机，作者只能写下行走的路线并问路。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：当我访问纽约市时，我不得不写下路线，并询问人们十字路口在哪里，而不是掏出我的手机。A. instead of而不是；B. regardless of不管；C. but for要不是；D. apart from除了。根据上文“write out 8 and ask people where an intersection (十字路口) was”可知，作者没有了智能手机，只能写下行走的路线并问路，而不是掏出智能手机查询。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我张开双臂欢迎平静进入我的生活，我很享受生产效率的提高，因为在我想要完成某事的时候，我不必总是与查看手机的诱惑作斗争。A. creativity创造力；B. productivity生产效率；C. knowledge知识；D. independence独立。根据下文“to check my phone while I’m trying to get something done”可知，作者以前在想要完成某事的时候，总是要与查看手机的诱惑作斗争，而现在没有了智能手机，拥有了平静，由此推知，他的工作效率和生产效率会得到提高。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我张开双臂欢迎安静进入我的生活，我很享受效率的提高，因为在我想要完成某事的时候，我不必总是与查看手机的诱惑作斗争。A. routine例行公事；B. necessity必要性；C. loneliness孤独；D. temptation诱惑。结合常识和上文“fight with”与“to check my phone”可推知，作者以前在想要完成某事的时候，会受到想要查看手机的诱惑。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我以一种真诚的方式与他人交流，而不只是关于我自己。A. genuine真诚的；B. grateful感激的；C. direct直接的；D. desperate绝望的。根据下文“I am connecting with my friends one-on-one, talking about the reality of our lives and being there for them...”可知，现在作者与朋友一对一的真诚的交流。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我不再总是发布我看似完美的生活中发生了什么，而是与我的朋友们一对一地联系，谈论我们生活的现实，从一个真实的地方为他们提供帮助。A. naturally自然地；B. certainly当然；C. seemingly貌似，看似；D. gradually逐渐地。根据下文“talking about the reality of our lives”可推知，之前所以发布的内容是看似完美的生活，并不是现实的生活。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不再总是发布我看似完美的生活中发生了什么，而是与我的朋友们一对一地联系，谈论我们生活的现实，从一个真实的地方为他们提供帮助。A. wonder惊奇；B. imagination想象力；C. interest兴趣；D. authenticity真实性。根据上文“I am connecting with my friends one-on-one, talking about the reality of our lives”可知，作者不再使用智能手机，不再发布看似完美的生活中事情，现在与朋友们一对一地联系，谈论我们生活的现实，由此推知，作者现与朋友的交往是立足于真实的自己或者真实的位置。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：和拥有智能手机带来安逸一样，不用智能手机是在更大的层面上的一种解脱。A. depressive沮丧的；B. comfortable舒适的，安逸的；C. stressful有压力的；D. boring无聊的。根据上文“as much as(与……一样多)”和下文“not having one is freeing on a much bigger level”可知，句中把拥有智能手机和不用智能手机进行了比较，陈述了两者的优点，结合常识和上文可知，拥有智能手机带来便利和安逸。故选B项。
第二节：短文填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将正确答案填写在答题卡上。
David was one of ____36____ most helpful students that we ever had. In 2004, he went to university in London and became ____37____ (interest) in Chinese culture.
After his graduation ____38____ university, he went to China to study Chinese at Beijing Language and Culture University. Two years later, he was able to speak Chinese ____39____ (fluent) and achieved high grades in all subjects. ____40____ (finish) his studies, he started travelling in China. Some of the cities in China he likes most ____41____ (be) Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin and Nanjing. In China, he developed an interest in teaching English to Chinese students. Most of the students whom he taught ____42____ (become) his friends ever since.
When he returned to Britain two months ago, he ____43____ (bring) back from China many interesting books, dictionaries, paintings and photos ____44____ (spread) Chinese culture. He donated most of them to our school library. Some of the books were gifts he got from his Chinese friends and students. The paintings that David donated to the school are being shown in the exhibition room. Teachers and students at our school wish to thank David for his _____45_____ (kind).
【答案】36. the
37. interested
38. from 39. fluently
40 Having finished
41. are 42. have become
43. brought
44. to spread
45. kindness
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了大卫来中国学习、旅游后将中国的书、字典、绘画和照片带回英国以传播中国文化的故事。
【36题详解】
考查冠词。句意：大卫是我们有史以来最乐于助人的学生之一。定冠词the修饰形容词最高级most。故填the。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：2004年，他上了伦敦的大学，对中国文化产生了兴趣。根据空格前的系动词became可知，空格处应填形容词作表语，结合句意“感兴趣的”是interested。故填interested。
【38题详解】
考查介词。句意：大学毕业后，他前往中国，在北京语言大学学习汉语。 graduation from“从……毕业”为固定短语。故填from。
【39题详解】
考查副词。句意：两年后，他能说一口流利的中文，各科成绩都很好。空格处作状语修饰动词speak，应用副词形式。故填fluently。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：完成学业后，他开始在中国旅行。本句为非谓语动词，he与finish为主动关系，用现在分词，并且发生在谓语之前，应用完成式。故填Having finished。
【41题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：他最喜欢的中国城市有北京、上海、哈尔滨和南京。空格处作主句谓语，根据句意和likes可知应用一般现在时，主语Some of the cities是名词的复数形式，故动词应用复数形式are。故填are。
【42题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：从那以后，他教过的大多数学生都成了他的朋友。空格处作主句谓语，根据时间状语ever since可知，应用现在完成时，主语most of the students是复数，助动词用have。故填have become。
【43题详解】
考查时态。句意：两个月前，当他回到英国时，他从中国带回了许多有趣的书籍、字典、绘画和照片，以传播中国文化。根据“two months ago”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填brought。
【44题详解】
考查不定式。句意：两个月前，当他回到英国时，他从中国带回了许多有趣的书籍、字典、绘画和照片，以传播中国文化。brought为谓语动词，空格处应填动词不定式作目的状语。故填to spread。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：我们学校的老师和学生要感谢大卫的好意。thank sb. for sth.为固定搭配，for后接名词kindness，不可数名词作宾语。故填kindness。
第三节：单项选择（共10个小题，每题1分，满分10分）
从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
46. When we finished cooking, Father gave us a ______ smile.
A. satisfied B. satisfying C. satisfactory D. satisfaction
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词和名词辨析。句意：当我们做完饭，父亲给了我们一个满意的微笑。A.satisfied满意的；B. satisfying 令人满意的；C. satisfactory令人满意的；D. satisfaction满意。此处表示人因满意而发出的微笑，应用ed结尾的形容词作定语，修饰名词smile。故选A项。
47. The story he told the police ______ from the one he told his mother.
A. differred B. differed C. different D. differs
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：他告诉警察的故事和他告诉他母亲的不一样。空处为主句谓语动词，应选动词；根据“he told his mother.”可知，本句为一般过去时，动词differ的过去式为differed。故选B项。
48. The little plum tree outside, with the faintly flushed snow lining its branches and artfully disposed along its trunk, ______ in full sunlight.
A. stand B. standing C. stood D. are standing
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：窗外幼小的梅树一株，站在充足的阳光下，枝头覆着微微泛红的白雪，枝干风致绝佳。空处为谓语动词，陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。故选C项。
49. There are some kids skiing on the ______ lake happily.
A. froze B. freezing C. frozen D. freezer
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词的用法。句意：有一些孩子在结冰的湖面上愉快地滑雪。A. froze（使）结冰，过去式；B. freezing冰点以下的，形容词；C. frozen结冰的，形容词；D. freezer冰箱，名词。分析句子可知，空处作修饰lake的定语，因此A和D项不符合题意，可先排除，结合“skiing”可知，此处表示“结冰的湖面”，空处描述湖面已经结冰的状态，应用由动词过去分词演变而来的形容词frozen“结冰的”，侧重动作已完成。故选C。
50. ______ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.
A. Bitten B. Having bitten C. Bit D. Had been bitten
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被咬了两次，邮递员拒绝给我们送信，除非我们给狗拴上链子。分析句子可知，空处为非谓语动词，主语the postman与动词bite之间为逻辑上的被动关系，bite动作发生在句子谓语refuse之前，设空处用过去分词作状语。故选A项。
51. In 1938, he was admitted to the Department of Foreign Languages of National Southwest Associated University, a school ______ graduates have played a central role in modern China.
A. where B. that C. of which D. whose
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：1938年，他考入西南联合大学外语系，这所大学的毕业生在近代中国发挥了核心作用。先行词为a school，设空处为先行词的所有格“……的”，在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose。故选D。
52. I became ______ aware that the people at the next table were watching me.
A. comfortable B. comfortably C. uncomfortably D. uncomfortable
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查副词和形容词辨析。句意：我不安地意识到邻桌的人在看着我。A.comfortable舒服的；B. comfortably 舒服地；C.uncomfortably不舒服地；D . uncomfortable不舒服的。分析句子可知，副词作状语修饰形容词aware。根据“the people at the next table were watching me”可知，我不安地意识到邻桌的人在看着我。故选C项。
53. While he was exploring the new school, his eyes were ______ taking in everything.
A. eagerly B. eager C. eagerness D. eager to
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：当他在探索新学校的时候，他的眼睛热切地注视着一切。此处应用副词作状语修饰动词短语take in。故选A项。
54. I’d appreciate ______ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
A. that B. it C. them D. you
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：如果你能事先告诉我你是否来，我会很感激的。根据“I’d appreciate”和“if”可知，此处用固定句型I would appreciate it if…，意为“如果……，我将不胜感激”，it在该句型中作形式宾语，指代后面if从句的内容。故选B。
55. The onlookers stood at a ______ distance.
A. respected B. respectable C. respectful D. respective
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：旁观者敬而远之。A. respected受到尊敬的； B. respectable 值得尊敬的；C. respectful恭敬的，表示敬意的；D. respective各自的。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用固定搭配at a respectful distance“敬而远之”。故选C项。黑龙江省实验中学2023-2024学年度高一下学期开学考试
英语学科试题
考试时间：90分钟 总分：100分
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分20分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1 What are the speakers doing
A. Looking after Dad. B. Buying a jacket. C. Holding a party.
2. Who is the man probably
A. The house owner. B. The repairman. C. The tutor.
3. What’s wrong with the man
A. He breaks a drum. B. He feels unwell. C. He forgets to take his medicine.
4. What did the man do yesterday
A. Finished reading a book. B. Had dinner with the woman. C. Gave a speech.
5. How would the woman like to go home
A. By bus. B. By subway. C. By taxi.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Why does the woman gain weight
A. She eats too much. B. She feels stressed. C. She is at the age of getting fat.
7. What will the man do to lose weight
A. Go to a yoga class. B. Join a jogging club. C. Go running every day.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What will the woman do tonight
A. Go back home early. B. Go to a party. C. Talk to Mom.
9. What does the woman think of her mother
A. Kind. B. Strict. C. Open-minded.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Where are the speakers probably
A. In a store. B. In a post office. C. At home.
11. How much will the man pay for the delivery
A. For free. B. 15 yuan. C. 20 yuan.
12. When will the man get his delivery
A. Today. B. Tomorrow. C. The day after tomorrow.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What’s the relationship between the speakers
A. Husband and wife. B. Friends. C. Colleagues.
14. What dessert will be prepared tomorrow
A. Fruits. B. Strawberry pie. C. Chocolate cake.
15. What day is it today
A. Friday. B. Saturday. C. Sunday.
16. What will the man do after lunch tomorrow
A. Watch a football game. B. Send children to school. C. Take a shower.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. At what age did Dessi Sieburth start loving birds
A. 6. B. 8. C. 14.
18. Why does Dessi make boxes for bluebirds
A. They are everywhere in his hometown.
B. They are easy to track.
C. They lose their nest places.
19. What’s the function of Dessi’s website
A. To do researches. B. To teach people about birds. C. To raise money for birds.
20. What did Dessi do in Alaska recently
A. He interviewed biologists. B. He bought some gold there. C. He studied on a type of eagle.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题，每题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
FAMOUS CHINESE PAINTINGS, ARTISTIC TREASURES
With thousands of years of continuous history, China is one of the most culturally unique nations. Over many centuries, Chinese artists have created paintings that are now in the hearts of more than a billion people.
Nymph of the Luo River—Gu Kaizhi
The legend has it that Cao Zhi, a prince of the state of Cao Wei, fell in love with the governor’s daughter. However, she married his brother, Cao Pi, and the prince became upset. Later, he composed an emotional poem about the love between the goddess and common people. In the 4th century, Gu Kaizhi, a Chinese artist, was moved by the story and illustrated the poem.
Court Ladies Adorning Their Hair with Flowers—Zhou Fang
During the Tang Dynasty, China had a prosperous economy and flourishing culture. In this period, the genre of “beautiful women painting” enjoyed popularity. Coming from a noble background, Zhou Fang, a Chinese artist, created artworks in this genre. In his painting, the ladies stand as though they are fashion models, but one of them is entertaining herself by teasing a cute dog.
Along the River During the Qingming Festival—Zhang Zeduan
Zhang Zeduan depicted the landscape in his work Along the River During the Qingming Festival. However, instead of concentrating on the vastness of nature, he captured the daily life of the people of Bianjing, present-day Kaifeng. His work shows much about life in the Northern Song Dynasty.
A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains—Wang Ximeng
Not only did officials and scholars enjoy listening to music, but they also found pleasure in depicting nature. One such painter was Wang Ximeng. He was a prodigy. Wang Ximeng painted A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains when he was only seventeen years old. He died several years later, but he left one of the largest and most beautiful paintings in Chinese history.
1. Where do you think this passage is taken from
A. A novel. B. A travel journal.
C. A magazine. D. A book review.
2. What can we learn from this passage
A. Wang Ximeng created his masterpiece in his teens.
B. Nymph of the Luo River is a poem written by Cao Zhi.
C. Zhou Fang painted fashion models in his painting.
D. Zhang Zeduan’s painting describes daily life of officials.
3. Which is your best choice if you want to enjoy a painting with the beauty of nature
A. Nymph of the Luo River—Gu Kaizhi.
B. A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains—Wang Ximeng.
C. Court Ladies Adorning Their Hair with Flowers—Zhou Fang.
D. Along the River During the Qingming Festival—Zhang Zeduan.
B
You run into the grocery store to quickly pick up your item. You grab what you need and head to the front of the store. After quickly sizing up the check-out lines, you choose the one that looks fastest. You chose wrong. People getting in other lines long after you have already checked out and headed to the parking lot. Why does this seem to always happen to you
Well, as it turns out, it's just math that is working against you. A grocery store tries to have enough employees at the checkout lines to get all their customers through with minimum delay. But sometimes, like on a Sunday afternoon, they get super busy. Because most grocery stores don't have the physical space to add more checkout lines, their system becomes overburdened. Some small interruption — a price check, a particularly talkative customer — will have downstream effects, holding up the entire line behind them.
If there are three lines at the store, these delays will happen randomly at different registers (收银台). Think about the probability. The chances of your line being that fastest one are only one in three, which means you have a two-thirds chance of not being in the fastest line. So it's not just in your mind: Another line is probably moving faster than yours.
Now, mathematicians have come up with a good solution, which they call queuing theory, to this problem: Just make all customers stand in one long snaking line, called a serpentine line, and serve each person at the front with the next available register. With three registers, this method is about three times faster on average than the more traditional approach. This is what they do at most banks, Trader Joe's, and some fast-food places. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow everyone down a little bit.
4. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph
A. Queuing in a line. B. A shopping experience.
C. A rush in the morning. D. Cutting in a line.
5. According to the article, what may cause delays in checking out
A. The lack of employees in the grocery store.
B. Some unexpected delays of certain customers.
C. The increasing items bought by customers.
D. A worsening shopping system of the store.
6. What is the solution given by mathematicians
A. Employing more workers for checking out.
B. Limiting the number of queuing people.
C. Making only one line available.
D. Always standing in the same line.
7. What's the principle behind the queuing theory
A. To pursue the maximum benefit.
B. To leave success or failure to luck.
C. To avoid the minimum loss.
D. To spread the risk equally among everyone.
C
Most glitter(小发光物品), which is made up of tiny pieces of plastic, is a huge danger to the environment. “Everyone talks about the mountain of plastic floating in the ocean. You can grab empty bottles from the water, but with tiny pieces, it’s impossible,” says Victor Alvarez, a chemical engineer who sells an eco-friendly alternative to glitter.
In the early 2,000s, Alvarez worked for Mercedes-Benz in Germany, where he became fond of any technology that protected the environment. A few years after leaving Mercedes-Benz, he founded Blue Sun International in Miami, which makes specialty ingredients for the skin and hair care industries.
Glitter is a popular ingredient in cosmetics, such as eye shadows and lipsticks. So Alvarez began researching an alternative that didn’t contain plastic to make his products safer for the environment. That’s when he came across Ronald Britton Ltd., a company which had developed a plastic-free, biodegradable product called Bioglitter. It is made from regenerative cellulose(纤维素) sourced from hardwoods, primarily eucalyptus(桉树). Alvarez worked with the company to become the first retailer to sell Bioglitter in America. In 2018, he formed Today Glitter in order to sell the biodegradable glitter directly to consumers through its website.
Today Glitter sells two kinds of biodegradable glitter Bioglitter Sparkle and Bioglitter Pure. Both are almost plastic-free and can biodegrade in a short time. Meanwhile, they are as shiny as regular glitter. All these products are third-party tested by T V, an international organization that provides testing and certification for compostable (可降解的) and biodegradable products.
Despite its benefits, the hardwoods needed to make biodegradable glitter cause it to cost about twice as much as conventional glitter. A small glass container that contains just 6 grams of Bioglitter costs $10, while the same amount of regular glitter could cost at least half that amount. Alvarez expects the price will come down over time. He also expects the company’s sales to cross $1 million next year. But more importantly, Alvarez says, his main goal is to effect a meaningful change.
8. While at Mercedes Benz, Alvarez .
A developed a way to grab glitter in the sea B. became interested in the environment
C. attempted to live a plastic-free life D. created a kind of harmless glitter
9. What do we know about Bioglitter
A. It is a plastic-free ingredient for eye shadows.
B. It will soon be on sale in the American market.
C. It is very difficult to break down in the wild.
D. It was invented by Blue Sun International.
10. Why does the author mention T V in the text
A. To show Bioglitter Sparkle and Bioglitter Pure are popular.
B. To stress it provides a broad range of testing services.
C. To prove Today Glitter’s products are eco-friendly.
D. To explain many plastic products are low-quality.
11. What is the problem faced by Today Glitter at present
A. The complex process of making glitter. B. How to expand its overseas market.
C. How to attract potential investors. D. The high cost of raw materials.
D
Carl Wieman, a Nobel Prize-winning physicist at Stanford University, excelled in the lab, where he created the Bose-Einstein condensate (玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚态). However, his mastery in the lab did not extend to the classroom. For years, he wrestled with what seemed to be a straightforward task: making undergraduates comprehend physics as he did. Laying it out for them—explaining, even demonstrating the core concepts of the discipline—was not working. Despite his clear explanations, his students’ capacity to solve the problems he posed to them remained inadequate.
It was in an unexpected place that he found the key to the problem: not in his classrooms but among the graduate students (研究生) who came to work in his lab. When his PH. D. candidates entered the lab, Wieman noticed, their habits of thought were no less narrow and rigid than the undergraduates. Within a year or two, however, these same graduate students transformed into the flexible thinkers he was trying so earnestly, and unsuccessfully, to cultivate. “Some kind of intellectual process must have been missing from the traditional education,” Wieman recounts.
A major factor in the graduate students’ transformation. Wieman concluded, was their experience of intense social engagement around a body of knowledge — the hours they spent advising, debating with, and recounting anecdotes to one another. In 2019, a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences backed this idea. Tracking the intellectual advancement of several hundred graduate students in the sciences over the course of four years, its authors found that the development of crucial skills such as generating hypotheses (假设), designing experiments, and analyzing data was closely related to the students’ engagement with their peers in the lab, rather than the guidance they received from their faculty mentors (导师).
Wieman is one of a growing number of Stanford professors who are bringing this “active learning” approach to their courses. His aspiration is to move science education away from the lecture format, toward a model that is more active and more engaged.
12. What problem did Carl Wieman have with his undergraduates
A. Making them excel in the lab. B. Demonstrating lab experiments.
C. Facilitating their all-round development. D. Enhancing their physics problem-solving.
13. Which of the following best describes the graduate students who first joined Wieman’s lab
A. Limited in thinking. B. Resistant to new ideas.
C. Flexible and earnest. D. Experienced and cooperative.
14. What is crucial for developing students’ intelligent thought according to the 2019 study
A. Intense lab work. B. Peer pressure and evaluation.
C. Academic interaction with fellows. D. Engagement with external society.
15. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A. Transforming Graduates’ Habits B. Carl Wieman’s Nobel Prize Journey
C. The Nobel-Prize Winner’s Struggles D. Carl Wieman’s Education Innovation
第二节（共5小题；每题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Four Tips to Discover Your True Passion
True passion is the emotion, feeling, and desire that arises out of love for something. It’s the force that magnifies (放大) your capabilities for the benefit of excellent performance. This is because it’s a powerful motivation for best performance and everyone wants to get there. ____16____ Finding what you’re passionate about is a long road that requires effort and the following are some useful tips.
Search your childhood.
The purity and truth of your being are in the early stages of life. To that end, going back to the things you loved back then is always an excellent indication of marked preferences. Did you want to be a doctor ____17____ These are all clues that begin to point the way. While it’s true that children have several preferences in their early stages, it’s actually quite easy to figure out which they prioritize (优先考虑).
Experiment and discover.
Doing the same activities day after day closes any probabilities to succeed in finding your true passion. ____18____ This creates a trial-and-error scenario (设想) that promotes a positive outcome in less time.
Focus to find your true passion.
You must forget about the myth that doing what you’re passionate about will be easy and pleasant. This is because there’ll always be inconveniences in any activity you undertake. Beyond that, don’t lose focus on the fact that these are temporary moments. ____19____
Remember that your age doesn’t matter.
____20____ Encouraging yourself to take the first step can be difficult due to some of society’s obsolete (被淘汰的) barriers. The truth is that you must allow yourself to achieve and show your tastes leaving aside any obstacles, especially those that are self-imposed (自己强加的). It’s never too late!
A. Were you interested in insects
B. Take a variety of courses each month.
C. Do you know the meaning of passion
D. Age isn’t necessary to find out your true passion.
E. Be calm while finding out your motivation.
F. It’s vital to figure out what you’re passionate about.
G Understanding this will make it easier to keep motivated.
第二部分：英语知识运用（共三节，满分40分）
第一节：完形填空（共15小题；每题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
My phone was an extension of myself. I couldn’t go anywhere ____21____ it. I scrolled through my friends’ ____22____ into late night and turned my phone on before my eyes were fully open. I enjoyed having it until that day when I realized that what had started as a useful tool had turned into a(n) ____23____. So I made a ____24____ decision to turn off that smartphone and ____25____ my old dumb phone out of hiding.
When I was watching TV shows or movies and there was a boring part I ____26____ picking up the phone and checking out “what everyone else was doing.” Now I had to pay attention or find a way to ____27____ myself with my thoughts instead. When I visited New York City, I had to write out ____28____ and ask people where an intersection (十字路口) was ____29____ pulling out my phone.
I have welcomed silence into my life with open arms and am enjoying the increased _____30_____ from not constantly having to fight with the _____31_____ to check my phone while I’m trying to get something done. I am allowing my thoughts to speak to me instead of my phone. I am connecting with others in a _____32_____ way that isn’t all about me. Instead of always posting about what’s going on in my _____33_____ perfect life, I am connecting with my friends one-on-one, talking about the reality of our lives and being there for them from a place of _____34_____.
As much as having a smartphone was _____35_____, not having one is freeing on a much bigger level.
21.
A. through B. without C. despite D. upon
22.
A. updates B. instructions C. assessments D. decisions
23.
A. symbol B. responsibility C. reality D. addiction
24.
A. conscious B. shameful C. foolish D. random
25.
A. sell B. pull C. throw D. mind
26.
A. avoided B. denied C. missed D. allowed
27.
A. assist B. improve C. associate D. occupy
28.
A. requests B. thoughts C. directions D. comments
29.
A. instead of B. regardless of C. but for D. apart from
30.
A. creativity B. productivity C. knowledge D. independence
31.
A. routine B. necessity C. loneliness D. temptation
32.
A. genuine B. grateful C. direct D. desperate
33.
A. naturally B. certainly C. seemingly D. gradually
34.
A. wonder B. imagination C. interest D. authenticity
35.
A. depressive B. comfortable C. stressful D. boring
第二节：短文填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将正确答案填写在答题卡上。
David was one of ____36____ most helpful students that we ever had. In 2004, he went to university in London and became ____37____ (interest) in Chinese culture.
After his graduation ____38____ university, he went to China to study Chinese at Beijing Language and Culture University. Two years later, he was able to speak Chinese ____39____ (fluent) and achieved high grades in all subjects. ____40____ (finish) his studies, he started travelling in China. Some of the cities in China he likes most ____41____ (be) Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin and Nanjing. In China, he developed an interest in teaching English to Chinese students. Most of the students whom he taught ____42____ (become) his friends ever since.
When he returned to Britain two months ago, he ____43____ (bring) back from China many interesting books, dictionaries, paintings and photos ____44____ (spread) Chinese culture. He donated most of them to our school library. Some of the books were gifts he got from his Chinese friends and students. The paintings that David donated to the school are being shown in the exhibition room. Teachers and students at our school wish to thank David for his _____45_____ (kind).
第三节：单项选择（共10个小题，每题1分，满分10分）
从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
46. When we finished cooking, Father gave us a ______ smile.
A. satisfied B. satisfying C. satisfactory D. satisfaction
47. The story he told the police ______ from the one he told his mother.
A. differred B. differed C. different D. differs
48. The little plum tree outside, with the faintly flushed snow lining its branches and artfully disposed along its trunk, ______ in full sunlight.
A. stand B. standing C. stood D. are standing
49. There are some kids skiing on the ______ lake happily.
A. froze B. freezing C. frozen D. freezer
50. ______ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.
A. Bitten B. Having bitten C. Bit D. Had been bitten
51. In 1938, he was admitted to the Department of Foreign Languages of National Southwest Associated University, a school ______ graduates have played a central role in modern China.
A. where B. that C. of which D. whose
52. I became ______ aware that the people at the next table were watching me.
A. comfortable B. comfortably C. uncomfortably D. uncomfortable
53. While he was exploring the new school, his eyes were ______ taking in everything.
A. eagerly B. eager C. eagerness D. eager to
54. I’d appreciate ______ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
A. that B. it C. them D. you
55. The onlookers stood at a ______ distance.
A. respected B. respectable C. respectful D. respective
