(共61张PPT)
Part 1 Reading comprehension
Part 2 Language points
Part 3 Grammar
目录索引
Part 1 Reading comprehension
第一步速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1
Read the text quickly and find out the main idea of the text.
The text is about .
A.Suggestions on facing an epidemic.
B.Reasons why an epidemic happens.
C.Explanation of an epidemic.
D.Epidemics in history.
C
Activity 2 阅读教材课文,完成下面的思维导图。
definition
baseline
cases
50%
18
lung
8,000
higher
systematic
teamwork
第二步精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3 阅读教材课文,选出最佳选项。
1.Which of the following might not be the factor causing an epidemic
A.A virus being carried into an area.
B.Changes in the way people live.
C.Living in an area too long.
D.Coming into contact with a virus or bacteria.
答案 C
2.When can a disease be officially classified as an epidemic
A.When the deaths caused by it reach a certain number.
B.When there are a few cases happening in one place.
C.When it is opposed to all the other common diseases.
D.When it’s a widespread serious common cold.
答案 A
3.Which of the following epidemics happened the earliest
A.The Black Death.
B.The Great Flu Epidemic.
C.The SARS.
D.The Ebola Virus Disease.
4.People believe that the most disastrous epidemic in history happened .
A.in 1997 B.in 2002
C.in 2013 D.in 1918
答案 A
答案 D
5.What is the key to saving lives when the world encounters epidemics
A.Effective researches on the causes of epidemics.
B.Joint efforts made by all the countries.
C.Timely cures for the infectious people.
D.Recording the number of infectious people.
答案 B
Activity 4 思考分享 提升思维
1.What other problems an epidemic may cause
2.Can you list some measures can be taken among countries during an epidemic
略
略
Activity 5 诵读佳句 学练写作
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence explaining the definition of an epidemic.
An epidemic is the name given to an infectious disease that rapidly spreads to a large number of people within a short period of time—usually two weeks or less.
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences that tell us the loss during the outbreak of the Ebola Virus Disease.
(1)11,310 deaths were officially recorded,but the actual number of deaths is probably much higher.
(2)The virus was extremely infectious and the survival rate was as low as 30% in some areas,indicating that very few people got over it.
第三步深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6 课文语篇填空
Epidemics caused by several different factors,have been happening for as long 1. there have been people living on Earth.Each disease can only officially 2. (classify) as an epidemic when it causes a certain number of deaths.
Jim Smith who tried to compare the bird flu epidemic occurring in 1997
3. other deadly epidemics in our history conducted a study.He found one of the earliest epidemics on record happened between about 500 and 550 CE.Up to 50% of the area’s population died from the epidemic,4.______ returned in the 1330s in Asia,known as “The Black Death”,spreading rapidly to Europe.
as
be classified
with
which
The Great Flu Epidemic also known as the Spanish Flu,which is believed
5. (be) the most severe epidemic in history,broke out in 1918, just near the end of World War Ⅰ,6. (kill) up to 50 million people. The SARS epidemic lasting from 2002 to 2003 initially 7. (appear) in Guangdong Province,spread to Canada,Vietnam and Singapore and infected about 8,000 people.8. according to official records the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) killed 11,310 people in west African countries only,the actual number of deaths is probably much higher.The virus was extremely
9. (infect) and the survival rate was very low in some areas.
Faced with the epidemics,governments are 10. (globe) working together to make medical research,coming up with cures and saving lives.
to have been
killing
appeared
Although
infectious
globally
Activity 7 长难句分析
Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area’s population died from the epidemic,making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.
[句式分析]
Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area’s population died from the epidemic,making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.
引导宾语从句
动词-ing形式短语作结果状语
[尝试翻译]
科学家们现在估计,该地区高达50%的人口死于这种流行病,使其成为罗马帝国灭亡的主要原因之一。
Part 2 Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
重点单词
必记写作词汇
1. vt.包含,容纳,装盛
2. vi.& vt.找出……的准确位置
3. n.因素,要素
4. adj.与某事物相反;反对某事物,不赞成某事物
5. n.样本,样品
vt.品尝,尝试;对……做抽样调查
6. vt.& n.估计,估算
contain
locate
factor
opposed
sample
estimate
7. vt.埋葬,安葬;埋藏
8. vt.造成,引起,产生(问题、危险、困难等)
n.(为画像、拍照等而摆的)姿势,姿态
9. n.肺
10. n.(战争或疾病)爆发,突然发生
11. n.试验;审判,审理
bury
pose
lung
outbreak
trial
识记阅读词汇
12.organ n.
13.crossword n.
14.zone n.
15.junk food n.
16.intake n.
17.virus n.
18.variation n.
19.officially adv.
20.baseline n.
器官
纵横字谜,纵横填字游戏
地区,地带
(高脂肪、高糖分等的)不利健康的食品,垃圾食品
摄入量,摄取量
病毒
变化物,变体;差异,变动
官方地,正式地
(医学或科学中的)基线,准线
21.widespread adj.
22.actual adj.
23.underline vt.
24.thorough adj.
分布广的,广泛流传的
实际的,真实的
强调,使突出;在……之下划线
彻底的,全面的,详尽的
串记拓展词汇
25. vt.将……分类;把……归入一类→classification n.归类,分类,分级
26. adj.稀有的,罕见的,不常发生的→rarely adv.稀有地,罕见地,不常发生地
27. adj.令人沮丧的,让人忧愁的→depress vt.使沮丧→depressed adj.感到沮丧的
28. adj.看得见的→visibly adv.能注意到地;明显地
29. adj.系统化的,有条理的→system n.系统→systematically adv.系统地;有计划地
30. n.地球,世界;地球仪→global adj.球形的;全世界的,全球的→globally adv.球形地;全世界地,全球地
classify
rare
depressing
visible
systematic
globe
【掌握构词规律 快速记牢单词】
后缀-ation常用于动词之后构成名词,例如:
vary→variation 变化物,变体;差异,变动
classify→classification归类,分类,分级
combine→combination结合,混合,联合
participate→participation参加;参与
hesitate→hesitation 犹豫,踌躇
examine→examination考试
重点短语
1.classify...as..._____________________
2.go into detail
3. 克服
4. 在……过程中
5. 由……组成
将……归类
详细叙述
get over
in the course of
consist of
要点探究 能力素养全提升
、
基础词汇——语境记忆
1.zone n.地区,地带
【佳句背诵】The area has been declared a disaster zone.[环境保护]
该地区已被宣布为灾难带。
2.depressing adj. 令人沮丧的,让人忧愁的
【佳句背诵】That was one of the most depressing experiences of my life.[个人观点]
那是我一生中最沮丧的经历之一。
.、
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.consist of由……组成(不用于被动语态,相当于be made up of)
(1)consist in=lie in 存在于,在于
(2)consistent adj.一致的;持续的
be consistent with 与……一致
be consistent in 在……方面一致
【佳句背诵】Happiness does not consist in how many possessions you own.[个人观点]
幸福不在于你拥有多少财产。
The results are entirely consistent with the scientists’ earlier prediction.[社会生活]
这些结果与科学家们早些时候的预测完全一致。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Dad often tells me that his happiness consists reading works written by famous writers.
(2)Our life consists success and failure as well.
(3)我们班长写了一首由一些简单单词组成的好诗。
Our monitor wrote a good poem ___________ ___________simple words.
in
of
consisting of
2.contain vt.包含;容纳;装盛;克制
(1)contain sth 包括某物,含有……成分
contain oneself 自制
contain the excitement 克制兴奋
(2)container n.容器
【佳句背诵】The old man was so angry that he couldn’t contain himself. [人物描写]
那位老人十分生气,无法控制自己的情绪。
She could hardly contain the excitement.[人物描写]
她抑制不住内心的激动。
【词语辨析】
contain 指的是包含的全部内容或容量,也可指所含有的成分
include 表示“包含,连……在内,记入,算入,包括”,只能用于表示所包含之物中的一部分。一般用including sb/sth =sb/sth included
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)She couldn’t contain (she) when she heard her mother passed away.
(2)I regret taking those weight-loss pills (contain) a harmful chemical that caused my liver to fail.
(3)Our English teacher received a lot of flowers during the festival,some roses
(include).
herself
containing
included
3.locate vi.& vt.找出……的准确位置
(1)be located +介词短语 位于……
(2)location n.位置
location of ……的(确切)位置
on location 外景拍摄
【佳句背诵】The importance of the town is due to its geographical location. [社会生活]
这座城镇的重要性在于它的地理位置。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1) (locate) in the northeast of Jiangxi Province,my hometown is a beautiful city with a long history.
(2)At last the travellers found a suitable (locate) for new houses.
(3)Too many files are in my computer so that it’s difficult for me to find the exact location the file I need to use.
Located
location
of
4.rare adj.稀有的,罕见的,不常发生的
(1)a rare occurrence 罕见的事
a rare sight 罕见的景象
a rare visitor 稀客
it is rare (for sb/sth) to do sth (某人)做某事很少见
(2)rarely adv.稀有地,罕见地,不常发生地(放在句首句子使用部分倒装语序)
【佳句背诵】In this country,this kind of birds is a rare sight.[动物保护]
在这个国家,这种鸟很罕见。
When the family are together it is rare for them to talk about politics.[家庭生活]
全家团聚时,他们很少谈论政治。
【即学即练】单句写作
(1)自从那些树被砍伐以来,现在在这个村子里狼是稀客。
Since the trees were cut down,wolves have been ___________ ___________in the village.
(2)以前这儿的孩子上大学很罕见。
___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ to college before.
(3)那对夫妇相处很融洽,他们很少争吵。
The couple get on well with each other. ___________ ___________for them to quarrel with each other.
rare visitors
Rarely did the children here
go
It’s rare
5.classify vt.将……分类;把……归入一类
(1)classify...into...把……分成……
classify...according to/by...按……分类
classify...as...把……定为……
(2)classification n.归类,分类,分级
classified adj.分类的
classifiable adj.可分类的
【佳句背诵】Men in the post office classify mails according to places where they’re to go.[社会生活]
邮局里的人员将信件按寄送地点分类。
Some people are not so fond of pizza.They classify it as junk food.[个人观点]
有些人不喜欢吃比萨,他们把它归类为垃圾食品。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Would you classify her novels serious literature or others
(2)Every pupil has his own potential so it is not proper to classify them
two kinds.
(3)这个图书馆里的书按主题分类。
The books in the library ___________ ___________ __________ __________ subjects.
as
into
are classified according to
6.estimate vt.& n.估计,估算
(1)estimate sth at 估计……
estimate that...估计……
(2)estimated adj.估计的
It’s estimated that...据估计……
【佳句背诵】Organizers estimated the crowd at 50,000.[社会生活]
组织者估计人数有5万人。
Scientists estimate that smoking reduces life expectancy by around 2 years on average.[健康生活]
科学家们估计吸烟使预期寿命平均缩短了大约2年。
It is estimated that the meeting will last four days.[社会生活]
这次会议预计要开4天。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)It’s just an (estimate) figure.Nobody knows the exact number.
(2)I can give you rough estimate of the amount of money you will need to decorate your house.
(3)Aid workers estimate it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took away.
(4)据估计这花瓶有2 000年的历史。
___________ ___________ ___________ ___________the vase is 2,000 years old.
estimated
a
that
It is estimated that
7.bury vt.埋葬,安葬;埋藏
(1)bury oneself in (doing) sth 埋头于(做)某事
bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面
(2)be buried in (doing) sth 专心(做)某事
be buried in thought 深思,沉思
【佳句背诵】You’ll have to bury yourself in your studies if you want to pass the entrance examinations.[个人成长]
要想通过入学考试,你必须埋头读书。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1) (bury) in studying his new machine,Professor Cheng sometimes even forgets to have his meals.
(2)After failing the exam,Jim buried (he) in his study.
(3)Hearing the sad news,Lucy buried her face her hands,tears running down.
(4)面对大海,他双手放在口袋里,看着冉冉升起的太阳。
Facing the sea,he looked at the rising sun,___________ __________ ____________ ___________his pockets.
(5)那女孩播放了那支曲子,陷入沉思。
The girl played the music, ___________ ___________ ___________.
Buried
himself
in
his hands
buried in
buried in thought
、
多义词汇——自主练透
Ⅰ.一词多义
pose
A.n.姿势,姿态;装腔作势的举动 B.vt.造成,引起,产生(问题、危险、困难等);摆姿势
①Heavy traffic poses a problem in many old towns.
②Her confidence was merely a pose to hide her uncertainty.
③Before going into their meeting the six foreign ministers posed for photographs.
④While the photographer began to take photos,she adopted an elegant pose.
B
A
B
A
Ⅱ.教材熟词生义
1.sample
项目 意义 例句
熟义 n. We based our analysis on a random sample of more than 200 such products.
生义 v. We sampled opinion among the workers about changes in working methods.
v. Travelling provides you with a good opportunity to sample the local food.
样本,样品
抽样检查
品尝
2.underline
项目 意义 例句
熟义 v. The names of the candidates are underlined in red.
生义 v. The report underlines the importance of pre-school education.
n. The words with underlines should be paid special attention to.
在……下划线
强调
下划线
、
重点句式——多维剖析
1.not as...as ……不如……
...I’ve noticed that my memory isn’t as good as it used to be...(教材原句)
……我已经注意到我的记忆力不如以前好了……
(1)not as...as...表示“……不如……”,在as...as之间应用形容词或副词的原级。
(2)not as...as可以用not so...as代替,而as...as表示“……和……一样……”,其中的as不可用so代替;
(3)在(not) as...as结构中,如果中间为形容词,该形容词修饰一个单数可数名词,则应用“(not) as+adj.+a(n)+n.+as”结构。
【佳句背诵】Write another email as swiftly as you can.[人际交往]
尽可能快地再写一封电子邮件。
Tony is not as quiet a dog as the one I got lost last month.[人物描写]
托尼都没有我上个月弄丢的那条狗安静。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)This kind of flowers need much water as that kind.
(2)My luggage isn’t heavy as yours.
(3)记住你不能每次都吃得太饱,要知道,吃太多对你没有好处。
Remember you can’t eat ___________ ___________ ___________ you can every time.You know,eating too much isn’t good for you.
(4)政府在郊区建起了和市中心那家一样现代化的医院。
The government has built _________ ___________ _________ __________ in the suburb as that in the centre of the city.
as
as/so
as much as
as modern a hospital
2.sb/sth is believed to have done 人们相信/认为……已经……
Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months,the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most severe epidemic in history.(教材原句)
西班牙流感在18个月里夺去了多达5 000万人的生命,人们认为它是历史上最严重的流行病。
(1)“sb/sth is believed to do”表示“人们相信/认为……将要……”,“sb/sth is believed to be doing”表示“人们相信/认为……正在……”;
(2)此结构可以改为“It’s believed that...”;
(3)say,think,guess,predict等也可用于类似的结构。
【佳句背诵】The Chinese Women’s Football Team is believed to win.
=It’s believed that the Chinese Women’s Football Team will win.[个人观点]
人们相信中国女子足球队会赢。
The engineer is said to be designing a new bridge for our country.
=It’s said that the engineer is designing a new bridge for our country.[社会生活]
据说这位工程师正在为我们的国家设计一座新的桥梁。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作并改为同义句
(1)Professor Liu is believed _____________________(recover) from the disease and he has returned to his work.
(2)It’s predicted working out regularly is helpful to us.
人们相信那个新的程序是一个男孩设计的。
→(3)A boy is believed _________________________the new programme.
→(4)______________________a boy has designed the new programme.
to have recovered
that
to have designed
It’s believed that
Part 3 Grammar
语法图解
语法冲关 语言规则全理清
动词短语
语法精讲
一、动词短语的定义
动词短语也叫动词词组,指以实义动词为中心词所构成的短语,常表达多种意义。
二、动词短语的构成
1.“动词+名词”型
catch one’s eye 吸引某人的注意力
make an effort努力
take care当心,小心
make sense有意义,讲得通
Why did she do a thing like that It doesn’t seem to make sense.
她为什么要那样做 那似乎没有意义。
2.“动词+介词”型
agree with同意,适合
participate in参加
focus on关注
contribute to对……作出贡献
come across偶然碰到
run into撞上
Everyone should contribute to the protection of our environment.
每个人都应为环境保护作出贡献。
3.“动词+副词”型
make up组成,化妆,弥补,编造,复合
turn out结果是
turn up调大,出现
look up抬头看,查(字典)
break down(机器)坏掉,(身体)垮掉
break out爆发
With the epidemic breaking out across the world,everyone should take action to fight against it.
疫情在全球范围内爆发,每个人都应该采取行动与之斗争。
4.“动词+副词+介词”型
come up with想出
look forward to期待,展望
look down upon/on看不起,小瞧
look up to尊敬
get on/along with和……相处,进展
look back on回顾
live up to不辜负
Looking back on it,I still can’t figure out what went wrong.
回顾那件事,我还是不能理解出了什么问题。
The film has certainly lived up to my expectations.
这部电影当然没有辜负我的期望。
5.“动词+名词+介词”型
pay attention to注意
take advantage of利用
take responsibility for对……负责
catch sight of看见
make sense of理解
make use of利用
In doing our work,we must pay attention to ways and means.
工作时,我们应该注意方式和方法。
I happened to catch sight of John as he was going past our office.
约翰经过我们办公室的时候我碰巧看见他。
三、动词短语的用法
1.一些动词短语可以及物,而另一些动词短语后不可带宾语。
Whatever happens,never give up.
不管发生什么事,永远不要放弃。
Try to participate in as many activities as you can.
尽可能多地参加活动。
2.“动词+介词”型短语一般必须带宾语,且宾语应放在介词后。“动词+副词”型短语可能及物,也可能不及物。当其及物时,名词作宾语放在副词前或后,人称代词宾格作宾语则必须放在动词和副词之间。
Before you decide to buy the shoes,you’d better try them on.
决定买鞋前你最好试穿一下。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)It’s time for CCTV news.Please switch the TV.
(2)Reading takes most of my father’s spare time so he is very knowledgeable.
(3)Please drop me at the next station.My home is not far from there.
(4)Nobody should look down others as everyone has something that deserves respecting.
(5)Kate,your study is in such a mess.Put all these things.
(6)Peter,don’t drive so fast.Slow right away.
on
up
off
on/upon
away
down(共50张PPT)
Part 1 Reading comprehension
Part 2 Language points
目录索引
Part 1 Reading comprehension
第一步速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1
Read the text quickly and find out the main idea of the text.
The text is about _______________________________________________.
Activity 2
Read the text again and find out the structure of the text is:
the DNA detective has been used in other aspects
Brief introduction—DNA detectives help to catch criminal—DNA detectives help to reconstruct Copernicus and his relatives
第二步精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3
1.阅读教材课文的第一部分Criminal Found After 31 Years,完成表格。
Time Events
June 8,1984. At night a 17-year-old girl went (1) on her own.
June 9,1984. The girl was found in a pool of blood,(2) .
2014 A woman was arrested and her DNA was (3) .
July,2015 ◆The woman’s DNA (4) that of the killer of the girl.
◆The police found the killer,who was the woman’s (5) .
home
dead
profiled
matched
father
2.阅读教材课文的第二部分Copernicus’ Grave Found,回答下面问题。
What is the difference between Copernicus and his portraits
Copernicus probably had blue eyes,while in his portraits he usually has dark eyes.
Activity 4 思考分享 提升思维
1.What makes DNA detectives useful and interesting
2.What troubles may DNA detectives bring to our life
略
略
Activity 5 诵读佳句 学练写作
Read the passage carefully and find the sentence that describing the opinion of scientists about announcing the finding.
Some scientists say the team should not have announced their findings so early—they should have looked more carefully for the DNA from Copernicus’s mother or her relatives to check the results,as it is the mother’s DNA that is passed on intact to her child.
第三步深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6 课文语篇填空
With the development of technology,DNA detectives can be used to
1. (identity) a person and the relationship between people. Policemen can find suspects and victims through DNA detectives.
Melanie Road,2. body was found on 9 June,1984,was seventeen years old.Police couldn’t find the 3. (murder) after questioning several suspects.Working through a database of 12,000 male names who were either witnesses or suspects,they found no match.The victim’s mother still didn’t give up finding the killer.Thirty years later,in 2014,a woman was arrested due to a minor incident.Her DNA matched that of the girl’s killer after 4._________________ (profile) in July,2015.The killer,the woman’s father, was 5. (eventual) found 31 years later.
identify
whose
murderer
being profiled
eventually
Copernicus,coming from Poland,who died nearly 500 years ago was identified by DNA evidence in the 21st century,when a skull and an incomplete skeleton were found in Frombork where he 6. (bury) on 24 May,1543.The skull 7. (belong) to a seventy-year-old man with a broken nose and a cut above his left eye was found consistent
8. Copernicus’ portraits.The experts found a book Copernicus had used for decades in which it didn’t take too long 9. (find) nine hairs.The DNA from the hair matched 10. from the bones found at Frombork.Now scientists still continue searching for Copernicus’ mother’s DNA.
was buried
belonging
with
to find
that
Part 2 Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
重点单词
必记写作词汇
1. n.(文章的)段,段落
2. n.现象
3. n.(袭击事件、抢劫事件或凶杀案的)受害者
paragraph
phenomenon
victim
识记阅读词汇
4.corresponding adj.
5.symbolically adv.
6.mineral n.
7.needle n.
8.database n.
9.astronomer n.
相应的;对应的
象征地,象征性地
矿物质,矿产
针
数据库,资料库
天文学家
串记拓展词汇
10. vi.不同,不一样;有异意→difference n.不同→different adj.不同的→differently adv.不同地
11. vt.确定,发现;认出,识别→identification n.认出;鉴定;识别
12. n.(犯罪)嫌疑人,可疑分子 vt.怀疑,猜想→suspicious adj.怀疑的,可疑的→suspicion n.怀疑,猜疑
differ
identify
suspect
重点短语
1.break out______________________
2.be known as
3.be related to
4. 由……所引起
5. 把……插入……
6. 理解,算出
7. 追踪
8. 属于
爆发
被称为;被认为是
和……有关
result from
insert...into...
figure out
track down
belong to
要点探究 能力素养全提升
、
基础词汇——语境记忆
victim n.(袭击事件、抢劫事件或凶杀案的)受害者
【佳句背诵】The victim has not yet been named.[社会生活]
受害者的姓名尚未得知。
.、
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.infectious adj.有传染性的;有感染力的;易传染的
(1)infect vt.传染,感染
infect sb with sth 以……感染某人
(2)infected adj.受感染的
be infected with 感染……
an infected wound 受到感染的伤口
(3)infectiously adv.传染地;有感染力地
infection n.传染(病),感染
【佳句背诵】The vaccine was used to protect the whole population against infections.[健康生活]
这种疫苗用于为全体居民预防传染病。
The laboratory animals had been infected with the bacteria.[社会生活]
实验室的动物已受到这种细菌的感染。
The teacher infects his students with his enthusiasm.[人物描写]
那位老师以其热情感染学生。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)His positive attitude and his laugh were (infect).
(2)They just hope to infect people around them their ideas.
(3)A healthy diet should help your body resist (infect).
infectious
with
infection
2.differ vi.不同,不一样;有异意
(1)differ in 在……方面不同
differ from与……不同
differ between...(and...) 在……(和……)之间不同
(2)different adj.不同的,有区别的
differently adv.不同地,有区别地
difference n.不同
be different from 和……不同
make a difference 产生影响
make no difference 没有影响
【佳句背诵】I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different cities.[个人观点]
我希望在许多不同的城市都有咖啡连锁店。
I feel excited because this school differs in many ways from my previous one.[个人观点]
我感到很兴奋,是因为这所学校与我以前就读的那所学校在许多方面都不一样。
The symptoms did not differ between the two groups of patients.[社会生活]
两组患者的症状没有差别。
If we combine our efforts,we can make a difference.[个人成长]
如果我们共同努力,我们就能有所作为。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1) (differ) though their decisions are,they both aim to help the company develop better.
(2)The development of the IT has been making a big (differ) to the whole world.
(3)The new stadium built for the 2022 Asian Games differs greatly ________ the others in Hangzhou.
(4)In China,people’s lifestyles in the north and in the south __________ (difference) greatly.
Different
difference
from
differ
3.occur vi.发生,出现;想起
(1)sth occurs 发生某事
It occurs to sb that...某人突然想起……
If anything should occur...如果发生什么事情的话……
(2)occurrence n.发生,出现
【佳句背诵】Flooding in the area is a common occurrence.[社会生活]
这个地区洪灾常常发生。
It occurred to the mother that her daughter might have returned home.[人物描写]
那位妈妈突然想到她的女儿也许已经回家了。
【即学即练】单句写作
(1)如果头痛只在夜里发生,那么缺少新鲜空气和氧气常是其中的原因。
If ___________ ___________ ___________ at night,the lack of fresh air and oxygen is often the cause.
(2)该付钱买那些食物时,比尔才想起他把手机忘在家里了。
When it was time to pay for the food, __________ __________ __________ ___________ ___________he had left his mobile phone at home.
(3)如果发生什么事的话,你可以给我打电话以得到帮助。
___________ ___________ ___________ ___________,you can call me for help.
headaches only occur
it occurred to
Bill that
If anything should occur
4.break out爆发
break into 闯入
break in 闯入;插话
break down 身体垮掉;损坏;分解
break up 关系破裂
break through 突破
【佳句背诵】Dark clouds were gathering in the skies over Europe.War was soon to break out.[社会生活]
欧洲上空乌云密布,战争即将爆发。
She longed to break in on their conversation but didn’t want to appear rude.[人物描写]
她很想打断他们的谈话,但又不愿显得粗鲁。
Fred has given me no good reason for wanting to break up our marriage.[家庭生活]
弗雷德没能给我一个想要结束我们婚姻的正当理由。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)Jack and his girlfriend broke ,which made him very sad.He took a taxi to work.Unluckily it broke on the way,so he had to walk.When passing a house,he found a fire broke in it.Without hesitation,he broke the house and helped the family put out the fire.To his surprise,it was his girlfriend’s aunt’s house.In the end,they made up.
(2)With her motorbike broken ,her husband had to drive her to work.
(3)A terrible storm breaking ,many houses and other buildings were damaged.
up
down
out
into
down
out
【名师点睛】break out多指发生不好的事情,它不用于被动语态句子中。
5.identify vt.确定,发现;认出,识别,鉴定
(1)identify sb/sth as sb/sth 确认/证明某人/某事物为;鉴别出(系某人或某物)
identify sth with sth 认为某事物与另一事物等同
(2)identification n.验明;鉴别
【佳句背诵】She identified the man as her attacker.[人物描写]
她认出那个男人就是袭击过她的人。
One cannot identify happiness with wealth.[个人观点]
幸福和财富不能混为一谈。
The identification of the accident victims took some time.[社会生活]
验明事故遇难者身份的工作费了不少时间。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)It’s difficult (identify) the twins.They look the same and they are equal in height.
(2)Each product has a number for easy (identify).
(3)Some young people identified the lady the famous pop star.
(4)In fact,people never identify wealth social status.
to identify
identification
as
with
6.opposing adj.反对的;敌对的;对立的
(1)oppose vt.反对
oppose sth 反对某事
oppose doing sth 反对做某事
(2)opposed adj.反对的;截然不同的
be opposed to (doing) sth 反对(做)某事
(3)opposite adv.相对地,相反地;对面地 adj.相对的,对面的 prep.在……对面 n.反义词,对立的事物
【佳句背诵】Many residents opposed the plan to build an airport near the town.[社会生活]
许多居民反对在城镇附近建造机场的计划。
Be practical and realistic,and oppose exaggeration.[个人观点]
实事求是,反对浮夸。
Many lawyers are opposed to the death penalty.[社会生活]
许多律师反对死刑。
As an outstanding teacher,Mr Cheng opposes assigning too much homework.[人物描写]
作为一名出色的老师,程老师反对布置太多的家庭作业。
Both of his parents are very much opposed to his going abroad.[家庭生活]
他父母都很反对他出国。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)Dad opposed (drive) our own car to visit Hangzhou as he thought we might meet with traffic jams and it was not environmentally friendly.
(2)My mother is opposed to (wash) these clothes with a washing machine.
(3)When the criminal saw the police coming,he turned around and ran in the
(oppose) direction.
driving
washing
opposite
7.result from由……引起
result in 导致
as a result 因此,结果
as a result of 作为……的结果,由于
【佳句背诵】However,they have real impacts,as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.[社会生活]
但是,它们会有真正的影响,因为它们会导致对稀缺资源的错误使用。
As a result,she says,some of the injuries associated with running,such as runner’s knee,are uncommon among race walkers.[社会生活]
因此,她说一些与跑步有关的诸如膝盖受伤等伤痛在竞走运动员中是不常见的。
The fishermen didn’t go fishing as a result of the bad weather.[人物描写]
由于天气恶劣,那些渔夫没有去捕鱼。
【即学即练】单句写作
(1)村民们正在努力维修大雪损坏的房屋。
The villagers are trying to repair the damaged houses __________ _________ the heavy snow.
(2)上周末约翰去看望了乡下的祖父母,因而错过了那场足球赛。
Last weekend John visited his grandparents in the countryside. ___________ ___________ ___________,he missed the football match.
(3)多莉因为工作努力而得以涨工资。
Dolly has got a rise ___________ ___________ ___________ __________her hard work.
resulting from
As a result
as a result of
(4)我认为你需要弄清楚是什么导致了你的失败。
I think what you should figure out is what has ___________ ___________ your failure.
resulted in
8.suspect n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑分子 vt.怀疑;不信任;猜想
(1)suspect that...怀疑……;猜想……
It is/was suspected that...有人怀疑……
suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做过)某事
suspect sb/sth to be 怀疑某人/某物为……
(2)suspicion n.怀疑,猜疑,疑心
suspicious adj.可疑的
suspiciously adv.怀疑地,可疑地
suspected adj.有嫌疑的
be suspicious about/of sth/sb 怀疑某人/某事
【佳句背诵】I suspect that he is more or less involved in the affair.[个人观点]
我猜他和这件事多少有点牵连。
His son is suspected of stealing things from the company.[人物描写]
他儿子被怀疑偷了公司的东西。
It’s suspected that his mother has got lung cancer.[个人观点]
有人怀疑他妈妈患了肺癌。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)The soldiers are demanded to report anything (suspiciously) in the forest to the commander.
(2)What made you suspect her having picked your pocket
(3)I suspect he was lying by his abnormal behaviour.
(4)They became suspicious his behaviour and contacted the police.
(5)人们怀疑那个小女孩不是那个人的女儿。
___________ ___________ ___________the little girl is not the man’s daughter.
suspicious
of
that
about/of
It’s suspected that
9.confirm vt.确认,证实;巩固,加强
(1)confirm that...确认……
confirm sb in one’s belief that...某人更加坚定……
(2)confirmation n.证实,确认书
confirmed adj.习惯的,根深蒂固的,得到确认的
It’s/It has been confirmed that...已经确定……
【佳句背诵】When asked,she confirmed that she was going to retire.[人物描写]
有人问她时,她确定了她将要退休。
The expression on his face confirmed me in my belief that he must have had an excellent performance in the final.[人物描写]
他脸上的表情让我更加坚信他在决赛中一定表现十分出色。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)The survey collects large quantities of (confirm) data,proving the influence the behaviour has on a teenager’s growth.
(2)It has been confirmed the lost baby has been found.
(3)Many people have claimed to have seen the alien which is not __________ (confirm).
(4)交作业前,我们数学老师总是提醒我们确认所有答案都是正确的。
Before handing in our work,our maths teacher always reminds us ___________ ___________ ___________ all the answers are correct.
confirmed
that
confirmed
to confirm that
、
重点句式——多维剖析
1.the number of which ……的数量
An epidemic is the rapid spread of an infectious disease over a short period of time,causing a large number of deaths,the number of which differs for different diseases.(教材原句)
流行病是指易传染疾病在短时间内迅速传播,造成大量死亡,其死亡人数因不同疾病而异。
(1)此处the number of which为“名词+of+关系代词”结构,引导非限制性定语从句。
(2)数词、不定代词some,any,both,all,one,none,neither等也常用于该结构中,引导非限制性定语从句。
【佳句背诵】I bought two books last Sunday,both of which are very interesting.[人物描写]
我上周日买了两本书,它们都十分有趣。
Their company has three cars,two of which are made in China.[社会生活]
他们公司有三辆车,其中两辆是中国制造的。
【即学即练】翻译句子
(1)昨天我看了一部电影,其情节十分感人。
(2)林老师收到了学生们写的许多信件,其中有两封是用英文写的。
Yesterday I saw a movie,the plot of which is very moving.
Mr Lin got many letters from his students,two of which were written in English.
2.It is...that...强调句型
...as it is the mother’s DNA that is passed on intact to her child.(教材原句)
……因为母亲的DNA完整地遗传给了孩子。
(1)此处是一个“It is...that...”结构的强调句型,被强调部分为the mother’s DNA。
(2)“It is/was...that...”结构的强调句型可以强调除谓语动词外的成分,强调人时用that也可用who。强调“not...until...”结构时应用“It is/was not until....that...”。
【佳句背诵】It was for the reason that Sam left the office.[人物描写]
就是出于那个原因,萨姆离职了。
It was since I was a little child that I have been exposed to Chinese culture especially Chinese painting.[传统文化]
从小我就接触了中国文化,特别是中国画。
It’s not until I finish my homework that I go to bed.[人物描写]
我直到完成家庭作业才睡觉。
【即学即练】翻译句子
(1)正是通过这些活动,学生们培养了多种技能。
(2)就在我陷入困境时,妈妈给我打来电话并鼓励我。
(3)直到雨停了我们才回家。
It was through these activities that students developed various skills.
It was when I was in trouble that my mother called and encouraged me.
It was not until the rain stopped that we went home.(共87张PPT)
素养导航 明目标
语言
能力 必背
单词
capability justify infer calculate innovate
participant edit artificially barrier identical
comparison reproductive accurate intake variation
officially classify classification depressing estimate
outbreak thorough systematic corresponding
symbolically mineral
语言
能力 重点
短语 the process of doing in comparison with be devoted to
take care of be helpful for lead to
be crucial for be bound to do view...as...
as long as come into contact with
draw parallels between...and...
核心
语法 完成时态、动词短语
主题
写作 概要写作
文化
意识 了解中西方科技发展
思维
品质 运用适当的学习方法,完成本单元的学习任务
阅读关于克隆的文章,感悟科技发展
了解流行疾病相关知识,提高防疫能力
学习
能力 熟练运用本单元的词汇等语言知识
理解语篇,通过表格等形式提炼文章细节,培养抓住文章细节的能力
学会概括主旨大意,提高概括能力
Part 1 Reading comprehension
Part 2 Language points
Part 3 Grammar
目录索引
Part 1 Reading comprehension
第一步速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1
Read the text quickly and find out the main theme of the text.
The text is about .
clone/cloning
Activity 2 阅读教材课文,完成下面的思维导图。
definition
examples
natural
illness
praise
monkeys
medical
Different
moral
explored
第二步精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3 阅读教材课文,选出最佳选项。
1.What is true about Dolly
A.It was the first animal that was cloned successfully.
B.It lived much longer than the sheep she was cloned from.
C.It developed a sickness the moment it was cloned.
D.It was an example of natural cloning.
答案 A
2.What can be inferred from the third paragraph
A.Chinese scientists were the first to clone primates.
B.The cloning of the monkeys was not that complex.
C.Mammals include apes,monkeys,sheep and humans.
D.Cloning monkeys is helpful to animal protection.
答案 A
3.What is not mentioned about the meaning of the successful cloning of primates
A.It might lead to cures for various diseases.
B.It may offer clues on how to prevent the aging process.
C.It can help change monkeys’ genes to suit research needs.
D.It can help reduce the number of animals in nature.
答案 D
4.The writer quotes Einstein’s words to illustrate .
A.cloning primates does more harm than good
B.mere copies of originals are seen as inferior
C.the science of cloning should be further explored and advanced
D.along with cloning the ethical questions arise
答案 C
Activity 4 思考分享 提升思维
1.What other problems can you think of about cloning
2.What other benefits can you think of about cloning
略
略
Activity 5 诵读佳句 学练写作
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence that tells us the definition of cloning.
Cloning is the process of making an exact copy of a plant or animal and developing it either naturally or artificially.
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing the benefits of the success of cloning two monkeys.
(1)With this technology,we have the potential to raise a large number of monkeys with identical genes in a short amount of time,and we can even change their genes to suit research needs.
(2)This could help save research time,reduce the number of animals required for testing,produce more accurate results,and lead to more effective treatments.
第三步深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6 课文语篇填空
Cloning is the process of making an exact copy of a plant or animal and developing it naturally or artificially.In 1996,Dolly,1. sheep,was the first successfully cloned animal.2. (grow) normally at first,she developed an illness more normally found in much older animals so that she lived for six and a half years,only half the life of the sheep from 3.________ she was cloned.
a
Growing
which
Chinese scientists 4. (announce) the cloning of two long-tailed monkeys,Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua,which were the first-ever primates to have been cloned in January 2018.5. (compare) with other species,cloning primates has proved to be “much harder” and doing so with non-reproductive cells was even 6. (complicated). So hard did the Chinese team directed by Dr.Sun Qiang work to break the technical barrier that they could get animals with edited genes and produce animal models helping medical research and human health.
announced
Compared
more complicated
Cloning continues to be an issue causing a great deal of 7.___________ (disagree) and provoking strong emotions.8. some people are concerned about is that it’s bound to lead to cloning of other species and the
9. (ethic) questions cloning raises.Also people worry that some organisations
may abuse the technology for unethical purposes.However,researchers insist that the science of cloning 10. (explore) and advanced.
disagreement
What
ethical
(should) be explored
Activity 7 长难句分析
1.Dr.Sun Qiang,director of the research team,said they had been wholly devoted to the research and had been taking care of more than 1,000 monkeys 24 hours a day,7 days a week for more than 5 years.
[句式分析]
同位语
后接省略连接词that的宾语从句
Dr.Sun Qiang,director of the research team, said they had been wholly devoted to the research and had been taking care of more than 1,000 monkeys 24 hours a day,7 days a week for more than 5 years.
[尝试翻译]
研究小组负责人孙强博士说,他们全身心地投入到研究中,5年多来每周7天,每天24小时照看1 000多只猴子。
2.The reason they worked so hard to break this technical barrier was to get animals with edited genes and produce animal models that are helpful for medical research and human health.
[句式分析]
The reason they worked so hard to break this technical barrier was to get animals with edited genes and produce animal models that are helpful for
medical research and human health.
省略了状语why的定语从句,修饰先行词The reason
作定语
引导定语从句
[尝试翻译]
他们之所以如此努力地要突破这一技术壁垒,是为了获得经过基因编辑的动物,并生产出有助于医学研究和人类健康的动物模型。
Part 2 Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
重点单词
必记写作词汇
1. vt.推断,推定
2. n.障碍,壁垒
3. n.双胞胎中的一个
4. n.骆驼
5. n.牛
6. n.山羊
7. adv.永远;长久地
8. n.比较
infer
barrier
twin
camel
cattle
goat
forever
comparison
9. adv.完全地
10. n.线索,提示
11. n.诊疗,治疗,疗法;对待方式
12. adj.很有可能,肯定会
13. adj.仅仅,只不过;极小的,极不重要的
14. vt.滥用,妄用;虐待
n.滥用;虐待
wholly
clue
treatment
bound
mere
abuse
识记阅读词汇
15.biology n.____________________
16.marathon n.
17.justify vt.
18.betterment n.
19.clone vt.
n.
20.artificially adv.
21.identical adj.
22.reproductive adj.
23.crucial adj.
24.blessing n.
生物学
马拉松赛跑
证明……有道理,为……辩护
(个人社会和经济地位的)改良,改善,提高
克隆,使无性繁殖
克隆动物或植物,无性繁殖的个体
人为地,虚假地
完全相同的,非常相似的
繁殖的,生殖的
至关重要的,关键性的
福气,幸运
串记拓展词汇
25. n.(完成困难事情的)能力,才能→capable adj.有能力的,能干的→capably adv.能干地;巧妙地
26. vt.计算,核算→calculation n.计算,核算→calculator n.计算器
27. vi. & vt.革新,创新,改革→innovation n.革新,创新→innovator n.创新者
28. n.参加者,参与者→participate vi.参与,参加→participation n.参加,参与
capability
calculate
innovate
participant
29. vi. & vt.编辑,编校;剪辑,剪接→editor n.编辑
30. adj.准确的,正确的→accuracy n.准确,正确→accurately adv.准确地,正确地
31. n.强烈的情感,激情→emotional adj.情绪的;情感的→emotionally adv.情绪地;情感地
edit
accurate
emotion
【掌握构词规律 快速记牢单词】
后缀-ment常用于动词之后构成名词,表示“行为或者状态”,例如:
better→betterment改良,改善,提高
treat→treatment诊疗,治疗
advertise→advertisement广告
astonish→astonishment惊奇
move→movement运动
develop→development发展
employ→employment雇用
improve→improvement提升
重点短语
1.be bound to do ______________________
2.come into contact with
3.draw parallels between...and...
4.be crucial for
5. 和……比较
6. 奉献……做
7. 长达,只要
8. 把……看作
必定做,一定做
和……联系
把……和……相提并论
对……至关重要
in comparison with
devote...to doing
as long as
view...as...
要点探究 能力素养全提升
、
基础词汇——语境记忆
1.justify vt.证明……有道理,为……辩护
【佳句背诵】He made a half-hearted attempt to justify himself.[人物描写]
他没有尽力证明自己有理。
2.wholly adv.完全地
【佳句背诵】In my opinion,the decision was wholly justified.[个人观点]
在我看来,这个决定是完全合理的。
.、
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.capable adj.有能力的,能干的,能的
(1)be capable of doing sth 能做某事
(2)capably adv.有能力地;能干地
capability n.(完成困难事情的)能力,才能
have the capability of (doing) sth 有(做)某事的能力
have the capability to do sth 有(做)某事的能力
【佳句背诵】Our monitor can always deal with various situations capably.[人物描写]
我们班长总是能很能干地处理好各种情况。
Recognizing Liu Jian’s capability,the boss appointed him to be the manager.[人物描写]
老板认识到刘健的能力,任命他当经理。
James is capable of running a mile in four minutes.[人物描写]
詹姆斯能用四分钟跑一英里。
I believe that you have the capability to persuade him to give up the plan.[个人观点]
我相信你有能力说服他放弃那个计划。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)None of us questions Rose’s (capable),so she is the most suitable to do the job.
(2)We all believe that Sun Juan is capable giving the speech representing our whole class.
(3)Our team has the capability (win) the key match.Fighting!
(4)The father felt very proud when he saw that his daughter finished all the housework (capable).
capability
of
to win
capably
2.calculate v.计算,核算,算出;考虑;指望
(1)calculate the cost of sth/how much sth will cost 计算某事物的费用
calculate that...估计……
be calculated to do sth 打算或计划做某事
calculate on sth/doing sth 指望或依靠(做)某事
(2)calculation n.计算,估计
calculator n.计算器
【佳句背诵】It was difficult to calculate exactly how many trees had been cut down.[环境保护]
精确计算有多少树被砍伐是很难的。
This advertisement is calculated to attract the attention of housewives.[社会生活]
这份广告是为引起家庭主妇们的注意而设计的。
Benefit is calculated on the basis of average weekly earnings.[社会生活]
福利是根据每周平均收入计算的。
I don’t think your calculation is right.[个人观点]
我认为你的计算不正确。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Students can’t calculate easy papers for good marks.
(2)Experts calculated this group was at a higher risk of heart disease.
(3)那女孩问了一个想要让她弟弟尴尬的问题。
The girl asked a question that ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ her brother.
on
that
was calculated to
embarrass
3.participant n.参加者,参与者
participate vi.参加,参与
participate in 参与……
participation n.参加,参与
【佳句背诵】A singing contest will be held next Sunday.Anyone who has the talent for music or loves singing can participate.[社会生活]
下周日将举行一场歌唱比赛,任何有音乐天赋或喜欢唱歌的人都可以参加。
I’m writing to express my sincere thanks for your participation.[社会生活]
我写信向你表达真诚的谢意,感谢你的参与。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)Not only will your (participate) help us win the award but it will also enhance the friendship between our two schools.
(2)Having lost his two legs,he still participated the team and at last made it to the top of Qomolangma.
(3)All the (participate) in the debate had an opportunity to speak.
participation
in
participants
4.barrier n.障碍,壁垒,屏障,栅栏
language barrier 语言隔阂
barrier to...……的障碍
barrier between...(and...) ……和……之间的障碍
【佳句背诵】Kids were having a hard time in school just because of the language barrier.[校园生活]
因为语言障碍,孩子们在学校过得很艰难。
Some people experience shyness as a barrier to communication,but this can be broken down gradually.[个人成长]
有些人觉得羞怯是交际上的障碍,但这是可以逐渐克服的。
There was no real barrier between reality and fantasy in his mind.[人物描写]
在他的头脑中,现实与幻想之间没有真正的界线。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)To us,healthy skin is natural barriers many viruses.
(2)The mountains form a natural barrier the two countries.
(3)在很多情况下,缺乏自信可能是通往成功的重要障碍。
In many situations,lacking confidence might be ___________ ___________ __________ ___________success.
to
between
an important
barrier to
5.comparison n.比较,对比,对照
(1)make a comparison between...比较……
by comparison 通过对比
by/in comparison with 与……相比
(2)compare v.比较,对比,对照 n.比较
compare...with...把……和……对比
compare...to...把……比作……
(be) compared to/with 和……比较/对比
beyond compare 无与伦比
(3)comparable adj.可比较的,类似的;可相提并论的
comparative adj.比较而言,相对的
【佳句背诵】I compared the copy with the original,but there was not much difference.[个人观点]
我比较了复印件和原件,但是两者差别不是很大。
Poets have compared sleep to death.[文学艺术]
诗人把睡眠比作死亡。
Compared with traditional letters,e-mail has many advantages,such as being fast and costing nothing.[社会生活]
与传统信件相比,电子邮件具有许多优点,例如快速且不花钱。
In comparison with the previous study,the new study expanded research subjects.[社会生活]
与之前的研究相比,这项新的研究拓宽了研究主题。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)The tallest buildings in London are small in (compare) with those in New York.
(2) (compare) to those living in poverty,we are much luckier.
(3)我最喜欢的季节是秋天,因为与夏天相比,秋天的气候更加宜人。
My favourite season is autumn because the weather is more agreeable ___________ __________ ___________summer.
(4)她在昨天音乐会中的表演精彩绝伦。
Her performance at yesterday’s concert was ___________ ___________.
comparison
Compared
by/in comparison with
beyond compare
6.devote vt.把……奉献给;专心致志于
(1)devote...to (doing)...把……献给/投入到/用在(做)……
be devoted to (doing) sth 献身于;专心致志于;热爱
(2)devoted adj.挚爱的;忠实的
devotion n.深爱;忠诚;奉献,献身
【佳句背诵】She has always shown intense devotion to her children.[人物描写]
她一直对她的孩子表现出极大的热爱。
Neighbours devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild their homes.[社会生活]
邻居们将业余时间用于帮助其他人重建他们的房子。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Mr White wanted to devote the rest of his life the pursuit of things that really interested him.He was really enthusiastic about American history.
(2) (devote) herself to charity work,the retired professor founded a fund.
(3)艾伦老师热爱学生,专心于工作,因此受到了他人的高度赞扬。
Mr Alan loves his students and __________ __________ _________his work, so he is highly praised by others.
to
Devoting
is devoted to
7.crucial adj.至关重要的,关键性的
(1)be crucial to 对……很重要
play a crucial part/role in 在……中起重要作用
be crucial in (doing) 在……中至关重要
be of crucial importance 至关重要
(2)crucially adv.决定性地,重要地
【佳句背诵】Getting this contract is crucial to the future of our company.[社会生活]
签订此项合同对我们公司的前途至关重要。
The conservation of tropical forests is of crucial importance.[环境保护]
保护热带森林至关重要。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)It’s (crucial) important that we have a right attitude towards what we’re doing now.
(2)Using appropriate methods to practice is crucial the outcome.
(3)父母在塑造孩子的性格方面起着至关重要的作用,尤其是在孩子的童年时期。
Parents ______________________shaping their kids’ characters especially during their childhood.
(4)为了保护环境,每个人都发挥作用至关重要。
To protect our environment,everyone’s playing his or her role is ___________ ___________ ___________.
crucially
to
play a crucial role/part in
of
crucial importance
8.concern vt.使忧虑,与……相关 n.担心,忧虑
(1)concern sb/sth 与……有关
concern oneself with/in/about sth 忙于某事,关心某事
(2)be concerned with sth 与某事有关,涉及某事
be concerned in sth 与某事有牵连,对某事负有责任
be concerned about/for sth/that...担心/关心……
as far as...be concerned 就……而言
(3)express/show concern for/about 对……表示关心/担忧
(4)concerning prep.关于,涉及
【佳句背诵】There’s no need to concern yourself with this matter;we’re dealing with it.[人际交往]
你不用管这事了,我们正在处理。
Investors weren’t concerned about short-term profits over the next few years.[社会生活]
投资者不关心今后几年里的短期收益。
As far as I’m concerned,Chinese calligraphy has left a far-reaching influence on Chinese people and people all over the world.[传统文化]
在我看来,中国书法对中国人民及全世界人民都产生了深远的影响。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1) (concern) the new medicine,people are concerned
its side effects at present.
(2)Julia didn’t return at mid-night,and her mother was concerned _________ she might lose her way.
(3)All parents love their children,and concern (they) with their needs and desires.
(4)依我看,在中国生活比在国外生活更舒适。
___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________, living in China is more comfortable than living abroad.
Concerning
about/for
that
themselves
As far as I’m concerned
(5)爸爸总是对那位独自住在我们小区的老人表示关心。
Dad always the old man living in our neighbourhood alone.
expresses/shows concern for/about
9.bound adj.很有可能,肯定会 vi.跳跃
n.范围,一跳
be bound to do 一定做……
be bound for 开往……;准备去
go beyond/within the bounds of 越出……范围/在……范围之内
【佳句背诵】We are bound to achieve our goal through our hard work.[个人成长]
通过努力工作,我们肯定会实现我们的目标。
【即学即练】单句写作
(1)你已经练习了这么多,一定能通过驾驶考试。
You’ve practiced so much that you ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________the driving test.
(2)这部电影中的幽默有时超出了一般人的理解范围。
The humour in the movie sometimes goes ___________ ___________ __________ ___________common people’s understanding.
(3)爸爸没有告诉我他要去哪里。
Dad didn’t tell me where he ___________ __________ ___________.
are bound to
pass
beyond the
bounds of
was bound for
、
多义词汇——自主练透
Ⅰ.一词多义
calculate
A.v.计算 B.v.认为 C.v.依靠
D.v.打算
①This advertisement is calculated to appeal to children.
②Scientists have calculated that the world’s population will double by the end of the century.
③We can’t calculate on having good weather for the barbecue.
④Don’t be in such a hurry.I calculate we’ll be in time.
D
A
C
B
Ⅱ.教材熟词生义
inferior
项目 意义 例句
熟义 adj.______________________ Modern music is often considered inferior to that of the past.
生义 n. We should not despise our intellectual inferiors.
低级别的;差的
(级别等)低于他人者
、
重点句式——多维剖析
1.while 引导让步状语从句
While some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement,others raise moral concerns.(教材原句)
尽管有些人认为它对科学进步至关重要,但也引发了另一些人的道德担忧。
while引导让步状语从句,表示“虽然,尽管”。while引导让步状语从句时可用though,although代替。但while引导的让步状语从句一般应放在主句前,而不放在主句后。除此之外,while可以引导时间状语从句,意为“当……时候”;while还可以表示“对比”关系。
【佳句背诵】While the sun’s rays can harm and age our skin,they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.[健康生活]
尽管阳光会伤害并使我们的皮肤老化,但它们也会给我们提供有益的维生素D。
While Mary was writing a letter,the children were playing outside.[家庭生活]
玛丽写信时孩子们都在外面玩儿。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/翻译句子
(1)Students in big cities can study English with the help of foreigners
those in the countryside can just teach themselves.
(2) it was raining heavily,the students were still helping the farmers pick the fruits.
(3)桑迪喜欢历史故事,而萨姆读了大量的漫画书。
(4)虽然我们输了,但是我们已尽了最大的力量。
while
While/Although/Though
Sandy is fond of history stories while Sam reads lots of comic books.
While/Although/Though we lost the game,we all tried our best.
2.some...others... 一些……而另一些……
While some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement,others raise moral concerns.(教材原句)
尽管有些人认为它对科学进步至关重要,但也引发了另一些人的道德担忧。
(1)some...others...表示“一些……,而另一些……”。该结构常用以描述不同人的不同行为或对某事的不同看法等。
(2)some...others...结构也常用于while并列句中,强调对比。
【佳句背诵】Some people seek fame and fortune while others long for happiness.[个人观点]
一些人追求名利,而另一些人则追求幸福。
【即学即练】翻译句子
我的一些同事开车去上班,另一些则选择步行或骑车。
Some of my colleagues drive to work,while others choose to walk or cycle.
3.insist that...坚持,坚决要求
Researchers insist that the science of cloning should be further explored and advanced.(教材原句)
研究人员坚持认为应该进一步探索和推进克隆科学。
(1)insist表示“坚持,坚决要求”时,后面的宾语从句谓语动词应用should do,should可以省略;而当其表示“坚持说”时,后面的宾语从句谓语动词应用真实语气。
(2)类似地,suggest表示“建议”时,后面的宾语从句谓语动词应用should do,should可以省略;而当其表示“表明”时,后面的宾语从句谓语动词应用真实语气。
【佳句背诵】I suggest we (should) skip over the details and get to the point.[个人观点]
我建议我们略过细节,直奔主题。
【即学即练】翻译句子
(1)那孩子坚决要求他的爸爸把那条罕见的鱼放回海里。
(2)刘倩坚称她做出了一个正确的选择。
The child insisted that his father should release the rare fish back into the sea.
Liu Qian insisted that she had made a correct choice.
Part 3 Grammar
语法图解
语法冲关 语言规则全理清
完成时态
语法精讲
一、现在完成时态
1.定义与构成
现在完成时态表示一个到现在已经完成的动作,其动词构成形式为“have/has+动词过去分词”。
We have all learned the English song,so let’s sing it together.
我们大家都已经学会了这首英语歌曲,所以咱们一起来唱吧。
2.现在完成时态的用法
(1)现在完成时态表示过去的动作对现在的影响或结果。常和recently,lately,ever,never,once,before,yet,just等时间副词连用。
I have already swept the yard.It’s now very clean.
我已经打扫了庭院,现在它很干净。
Nobody has told me about that yet.I haven’t known about it.
没有人告诉我那件事,我一无所知。
Mr Black hasn’t heard any news from his son lately.
布莱克先生最近一直没有收到他儿子的消息。
(2)表示开始于过去某一时刻,一直持续到现在而且还有可能继续下去的动作。常和for,since,so far,up till now, for a long time,over/during/in the past/last few years,these days等时间状语连用。
No life has been found outside the earth so far.
到目前为止,在地球以外的地方还没有发现生命的存在。
Liu Ying has learned more than 5,000 English words since she went to college.
自上大学以来,刘英已经学会了5 000多个英语单词。
(3)在句式“This/It is+the+序数词+time+that...”中,that后的从句用现在完成时。
It’s the first time that we have had a field trip without our parents’ company.
这是我们第一次没有父母的陪伴去郊游。
This is the second time that these foreigners have visited the Great Wall.
这是这些外国人第二次参观长城了。
3.现在完成时态和一般过去时态的区别
一般过去时态表示在过去某个时间发生的事情、存在的状态或经常发生的动作,不强调对现在产生的影响,常与确定的过去时间状语连用;而现在完成时态表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或一直持续到现在,不和确定的过去时间状语连用。
In 2002,the young man founded a program to help the homeless.
2002年那位年轻人建立了一个帮助无家可归人士的项目。
You haven’t turned off the light.Look!It’s on.
你没关灯,看,它亮着呢。
【温馨提示】
1.for,since都用以连接一段时间状语,for后跟一段时间,而since后跟时间点。since用作介词时后面跟表示时间点的名词或副词;当其作连词时后跟时间状语从句,主句用现在完成时,而从句用一般过去时。
Rose has played games with her partners for an hour.
=Rose has played games with her partners since an hour ago.
罗斯已经和她同伴玩了一个小时的游戏。
David has read the Tang poems for two weeks.
=David has read the Tang poems since two weeks ago.
大卫读那些唐诗已经两周了。
2.在和一段时间状语(从句)连用时,谓语动词应用延续性动词,表示终止性动词的延续性可用下面方法:
(1)将时间状语改为过去的时间,将谓语动词改为一般过去时态;
(2)用句型:“It is/It has been +一段时间+since+从句”;
(3)将动词转化成延续性动词或延续性动词短语,如go→be there,come→be here,borrow→keep,buy→have,leave→be away,join the army→be in the army,get to...→be in...等。
It’s time that I returned the dictionary to you.I borrowed it two days ago.
It’s time that I returned the dictionary to you.I’ve had it for two days.
It’s time that I returned the dictionary to you.It’s been two days since I borrowed it.
我该把你的词典还给你了,我已经借了两天了。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)I cherish the watch.I (own) it for nearly ten years.
(2)Although you (make) great progress,you need to keep your feet firmly on the ground until you are really successful.
(3)Mum,I (finish) all my homework,so could I go and play games with my friends
(4)The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and
(remain) around that level ever since.
(5)Bruce will go to see his grandparents in the afternoon.He _____________ (not visit) them for two weeks.
have owned
have made
have finished
has remained
hasn’t visited
二、现在完成进行时态
1.定义与构成
现在完成进行时态表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在,且还要继续下去的动作。现在完成进行时态由“have/has been+动词-ing”构成。
Fred feels very tired.He has been working in the garden since eight o’clock in the morning.
弗雷德感到十分疲倦,他自早上八点到现在一直在花园里干活。
Dad has been repairing my bike this morning,and he’ll finish it soon.
爸爸今天上午一直在给我修自行车,很快他就要修好了。
2.现在完成进行时态的用法
(1)表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在,而且会继续进行下去的动作。
Ann,come and take a break.You have been reading for two hours.It’s bad for your eyes.
安,来休息一会儿,你看书已经两个小时了,这对你的眼睛不好。
The children have been catching fish in the river since two o’clock this afternoon.
自今天下午两点到现在,孩子们一直在河里捉鱼。
(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作。
I have been calling him several times this morning,but there is no answer.
今天早上我给他打了好几次电话,但一直没有人接。
3.现在完成进行时态和现在完成时态的区别
(1)现在完成进行时态强调“动作”的持续性,表示“未完成”的含义;现在完成时态则强调“时间”的经过或动作产生的“结果”,表示“已完成”的含义。
We have been building the road connecting our village with the town.
我们一直在修建那条连接我们村和镇上的路。(强调动作还在继续)
We have built the road connecting our village with the town.
我们已经修建好了那条连接我们村和镇上的路。 (强调已完成)
(2)现在完成进行时态可以表示动作的反复,现在完成时态一般不表示反复性。
Have you been visiting the library these days
这些天来你一直去图书馆吗 (强调动作的反复)
Have you visited the library these days
这些天来你去过图书馆吗 (强调结果)
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)Leave me alone.I ________________________(write) an article all the afternoon and haven’t finished yet.
(2)Marty _________________________(work) really hard on his book and he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.
(3)—Where is Peter I can’t find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and _______________________ (write) his essay there ever since.
(4)In the last few years,China (make) great achievements in environmental protection.
(5)I am very tired.I ______________________(paint) the house all the afternoon.
have been writing
has been working
has been writing
has made
have been painting
三、过去完成时态
1.定义与构成
过去完成时态表示一个到过去某个时间已经完成的动作,其动词构成形式为“had+动词过去分词”。
She had already left when I phoned.
我打电话时,她早已走了。
—Did you live in London in 2005
—No.I had never lived there before.
——2005年你住在伦敦吗
——不在,我以前从未在那儿住过。
2.过去完成时态的用法
(1)过去完成时态表示在过去的某个时间或事件之前已经发生的事或存在的状态,即表示“过去的过去”。常和时间副词already,yet,just,never,ever,before及since,“by+过去时间点”,“by the end of+过去时间”及by the time...等时间状语连用。
By 2019 the professor had travelled to nearly thirty countries.
到2019年为止,那位教授已经到过差不多30个国家旅行。
By the time Dad arrived home,we had all been asleep.
爸爸到家时我们都已经睡着了。
(2)“It was the first/second...time that...”句型中that从句用过去完成时态。
It was the first time that he had visited the Summer Palace.
这是他第一次参观颐和园。
(3)no sooner...than...及hardly/scarcely...when...表示“一……就……”,主句应用过去完成时,从句应用一般过去时态。
She had hardly sat down when the phone rang.
她刚坐下电话就响了。
No sooner had he arrived than he fell ill.
他刚抵达就病倒了。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)Hearing the Chinese Women’s Volleyball Team (win) the champion,all the Chinese present cheered.
(2)By the end of 2018,the cyclist (travel) to nearly fifty countries by bike.
(3)To our disappointment,the result of the match didn’t turn out as we
(wish).
(4)When Sam got home,he found that his broken bike __________________ (repair).
had won
had travelled
had wished
had been repaired
四、过去完成进行时态
1.定义与构成
过去完成进行时态表示某个动作从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到过去另一时间,且可能刚刚终止,也可能还要继续下去。过去完成进行时态由“had been+动词-ing”构成。
The Greens had been living in New York for five years and they decided to move to Beijing.
格林夫妇在纽约生活了五年,然后他们决定搬到北京。
We suggested Fred take a rest.He had been driving for three hours.
我们建议弗雷德休息一会儿,他已经开车三小时了。
2.过去完成进行时态的用法
过去完成进行时态强调动作到过去某个时间还在持续,常需要通过语境或用在有对比的过去时间,常用于主从复合句中。
By the end of last month,we had been studying in this school for two years.
到上个月末为止,我们已经在这个学校学习了两年。
I had been using this computer for five years and it still worked nicely.
我用这台电脑已经五年了,它运行得还是很好。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)When we entered the university,our professor (work) there for twenty years.
(2)At last we attained the information we (expect).
(3)It (rain) for a week.We had no idea when it would stop.
(4)They (have) breakfast for ten minutes when Tom came in.
(5)The telephone (ring) for two minutes before it was answered.
(6)Dad (read) a newspaper for five minutes when I entered his room.
had been working
had been expecting
had been raining
had been having
had been ringing
had been reading
