2024届高三英语二轮动词的被动语态考点复习课件(共20张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高三英语二轮动词的被动语态考点复习课件(共20张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-03-09 20:23:57 | ||
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文档简介
(共20张PPT)
动词的语态
英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者, 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
只有及物动词或短语才能转换成被动语态。
一：动词的被动语态概念
主动语态：主语是动作的执行者Many people speak English.
被动语态：主语是动作的承受者
English is spoken by many people.
二、需要使用被动语态的情况：
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。
e.g. Such books are written for middle school
students.
English is spoken in many countries.
三、被动语态的构成：
被动语态是由“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”构成，be随主语的人称、单复数和时态的变化而变化。被动语态可以用于各种时态。
被动语态的构成(以do为例)
现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时
一 般 is/am/are done was/were done will/shall be done would/should
be done
进 行 is/am/are being done was/were being done
完 成 have/has been done had been done will/shall have been done would/should have been done
例 The railway was built in 1998.这条铁路建于1998 年。(一般过去时的被动语态)
例 A new railway is being built in this city.这个城市正在修建一条新的铁路。(现在进行时的被动语态)
例 The railway was being built this time last year.去年这个时候这条铁路正在修建。(过去进行时的被动语态)
例 The railway has already been built.那条铁路已经建成了。(现在完成时的被动语态)
例 The railway had been built by the end of last year.这条铁路在去年年底前已经建成了。(过去完成时的被动语态)
例 A new railway will be built in this city next year.这个城市明年将建一条新的铁路。(一般将来时的被动语态)
例 He told us that a new railway would be built the next year.他告诉我们下一年将修建一条新铁路。(宾语从句的谓语动词用的是过去将来时的被动语态)
(1) 带情态动词的被动语态，由“情态动词 +be+过去分词”构成。
e.g. The problem may be solved in a number of different ways.
In our school, library books must be returned in two weeks.
四.被动语态的常见用法
(2) 含有be going to，be to，used to，be about to等结构的复合谓语变为被动语态，其构成为be going to（be to，used to，be about to）+be +动词的过去分词。
e.g. This book is going to be translated into 6 languages.
(3)“sb+be＋过去分词＋不定式”= “it＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”
e.g. He is reported to have broken a world record.
It is reported that he have broken a world record.
She is said to know three languages.
It is said that she know three languages.
常见的结构还有：
It is known that... 众所周知
It is suggested that... 有人建议
It is believed that... 人们相信
(4) “get/be＋动词的过去分词”不强调被动用来强调状态或情况, 常考的形式如下：
get/be married 结婚；get/be engaged 订婚
get/be hurt/wounded 受伤；get lost 迷路
get/be drunk 喝醉了
get/be caught/stuck/trapped in被困,陷入
get/be dressed in 穿着
be tired疲惫 be shocked 震惊
五、不能使用被动语态的情况：
(一)不及物动词(短语)不用于被动语态,如happen, occur, take place, break out, spread等。
例 A fire broke out in the forest.森林里爆发了一场火灾。
例 The news spreads quickly.这一消息传播得很快。
(二)表示归属的动词(短语)不用于被动语态,如have, own, belong to等。
例 The blue car belongs to me.那辆蓝色的汽车属于我。
1.动词write, read, sell, wash，open等与well, badly, easily等副词连用表示主语特征时用主动形式表示被动意义。
例 The cloth washes easily.这布很好洗。
例 The new product sells well.这种新产品很畅销。
2.need,require,want,deserve，bear(经得住)和be worth后接动名词,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
例 My watch doesn’t work; it needs repairing.我的手表坏了,需要修理。
例 This film is really worth seeing.这部电影的确值得看。
（三） 主动形式表示被动意义
3.系动词feel, look, seem, taste, sound, remain等后接形容词作表语时一般用主动形式表示被动意义。
例 Your advice sounds practical.你的建议听起来是可行的。
例 The food tastes delicious.这种食物尝起来味道很好。
This kind of wool shirt (feel) soft and (sell) well.
feels
sells
4.在“主语+be + 形容词+ (for sb.)+不定式”结构中，不定式表示的动作与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动形式表示被动意义。用于此结构的常见形容词有：cheap, easy, comfortable, difficult, hard, light, heavy, expensive, pleasant, interesting, fit 等。
e.g. The question is difficult to answer.
Volleyball is very interesting to watch.
5.be to blame应受责备，be to rent待租，也属于主动形式表被动意义。
You shoud be to blame for the mistake.
用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
1. So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I ____________ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.
was allowed
2. Truly elegant chopsticks might ________ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.
3. The giant panda 61. ________ (love) by people throughout the world.
4. I ___________ (read) half of the English novel, and I'll try to finish it at the weekend.
be made
is loved
have read
用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
1. My mobile phone was ringing, but by the time I ________ (find) it, it had stopped.
2. All the drivers ______________ (make) to drive more carefully after the new Highway Code takes effect.
3. The moment I got home, I realized I ________ (leave) my purse in the cinema.
4. This mountainous area in my hometown ___________(name) a national wildlife reserve several years ago.
found
will be made
had left
was named
9. Nowadays visitors ____________ (request) not to take photos in many museums.
10. The reporter said that the UFO ______
________ (travel) from east to west when he saw it.
11. You've failed to do what you ____________ (expect) to again and I 'm afraid your mother will blame you.
12. She came home, switched on the computer and ________ (check) her e-mails.
are requested
was
were expected
checked
travelling
动词的语态
英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者, 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
只有及物动词或短语才能转换成被动语态。
一：动词的被动语态概念
主动语态：主语是动作的执行者Many people speak English.
被动语态：主语是动作的承受者
English is spoken by many people.
二、需要使用被动语态的情况：
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。
e.g. Such books are written for middle school
students.
English is spoken in many countries.
三、被动语态的构成：
被动语态是由“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”构成，be随主语的人称、单复数和时态的变化而变化。被动语态可以用于各种时态。
被动语态的构成(以do为例)
现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时
一 般 is/am/are done was/were done will/shall be done would/should
be done
进 行 is/am/are being done was/were being done
完 成 have/has been done had been done will/shall have been done would/should have been done
例 The railway was built in 1998.这条铁路建于1998 年。(一般过去时的被动语态)
例 A new railway is being built in this city.这个城市正在修建一条新的铁路。(现在进行时的被动语态)
例 The railway was being built this time last year.去年这个时候这条铁路正在修建。(过去进行时的被动语态)
例 The railway has already been built.那条铁路已经建成了。(现在完成时的被动语态)
例 The railway had been built by the end of last year.这条铁路在去年年底前已经建成了。(过去完成时的被动语态)
例 A new railway will be built in this city next year.这个城市明年将建一条新的铁路。(一般将来时的被动语态)
例 He told us that a new railway would be built the next year.他告诉我们下一年将修建一条新铁路。(宾语从句的谓语动词用的是过去将来时的被动语态)
(1) 带情态动词的被动语态，由“情态动词 +be+过去分词”构成。
e.g. The problem may be solved in a number of different ways.
In our school, library books must be returned in two weeks.
四.被动语态的常见用法
(2) 含有be going to，be to，used to，be about to等结构的复合谓语变为被动语态，其构成为be going to（be to，used to，be about to）+be +动词的过去分词。
e.g. This book is going to be translated into 6 languages.
(3)“sb+be＋过去分词＋不定式”= “it＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”
e.g. He is reported to have broken a world record.
It is reported that he have broken a world record.
She is said to know three languages.
It is said that she know three languages.
常见的结构还有：
It is known that... 众所周知
It is suggested that... 有人建议
It is believed that... 人们相信
(4) “get/be＋动词的过去分词”不强调被动用来强调状态或情况, 常考的形式如下：
get/be married 结婚；get/be engaged 订婚
get/be hurt/wounded 受伤；get lost 迷路
get/be drunk 喝醉了
get/be caught/stuck/trapped in被困,陷入
get/be dressed in 穿着
be tired疲惫 be shocked 震惊
五、不能使用被动语态的情况：
(一)不及物动词(短语)不用于被动语态,如happen, occur, take place, break out, spread等。
例 A fire broke out in the forest.森林里爆发了一场火灾。
例 The news spreads quickly.这一消息传播得很快。
(二)表示归属的动词(短语)不用于被动语态,如have, own, belong to等。
例 The blue car belongs to me.那辆蓝色的汽车属于我。
1.动词write, read, sell, wash，open等与well, badly, easily等副词连用表示主语特征时用主动形式表示被动意义。
例 The cloth washes easily.这布很好洗。
例 The new product sells well.这种新产品很畅销。
2.need,require,want,deserve，bear(经得住)和be worth后接动名词,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
例 My watch doesn’t work; it needs repairing.我的手表坏了,需要修理。
例 This film is really worth seeing.这部电影的确值得看。
（三） 主动形式表示被动意义
3.系动词feel, look, seem, taste, sound, remain等后接形容词作表语时一般用主动形式表示被动意义。
例 Your advice sounds practical.你的建议听起来是可行的。
例 The food tastes delicious.这种食物尝起来味道很好。
This kind of wool shirt (feel) soft and (sell) well.
feels
sells
4.在“主语+be + 形容词+ (for sb.)+不定式”结构中，不定式表示的动作与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动形式表示被动意义。用于此结构的常见形容词有：cheap, easy, comfortable, difficult, hard, light, heavy, expensive, pleasant, interesting, fit 等。
e.g. The question is difficult to answer.
Volleyball is very interesting to watch.
5.be to blame应受责备，be to rent待租，也属于主动形式表被动意义。
You shoud be to blame for the mistake.
用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
1. So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I ____________ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.
was allowed
2. Truly elegant chopsticks might ________ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.
3. The giant panda 61. ________ (love) by people throughout the world.
4. I ___________ (read) half of the English novel, and I'll try to finish it at the weekend.
be made
is loved
have read
用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
1. My mobile phone was ringing, but by the time I ________ (find) it, it had stopped.
2. All the drivers ______________ (make) to drive more carefully after the new Highway Code takes effect.
3. The moment I got home, I realized I ________ (leave) my purse in the cinema.
4. This mountainous area in my hometown ___________(name) a national wildlife reserve several years ago.
found
will be made
had left
was named
9. Nowadays visitors ____________ (request) not to take photos in many museums.
10. The reporter said that the UFO ______
________ (travel) from east to west when he saw it.
11. You've failed to do what you ____________ (expect) to again and I 'm afraid your mother will blame you.
12. She came home, switched on the computer and ________ (check) her e-mails.
are requested
was
were expected
checked
travelling