(共42张PPT)
Part 1 Reading comprehension
Part 2 Language points
目 录 索 引
Part 1 Reading comprehension
第一步 速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1 Read for the main idea.
Whatis the text mainly about
A.Description of the man in the picture.
B.Analysis of why the man is watering the flowers in the rain.
C.Description and analysis of the picture and the author’s opinion.
D.The right time and right way to water the flowers.
C
Activity 2 Skim for the main structure.
The
impressions
of the picture It seems to be just a pretty simple drawing at first sight.
When 1. at it more closely,you’ll find something interesting.
Description
of the picture The drawing 2. “It’s Time to Water the Flowers”.A man is wearing a hat and an apron,3. is carrying an umbrella because it is raining heavily.Judging from the flowers that he is watering,we can know that he is in the garden.
looking
is entitled
and
The meanings
that the
picture conveys The man 4. loves routines,and probably waters his flowers every day at the same time.There is no
5. even when it is raining hard.But the plants don’t need the extra water he is providing.He is just going through the motions 6. thinking.
The author’s
opinion It is important 7. routines and timetables,as they can help us stay 8. ,but sometimes routines can control us,rather than us controlling the routines.We shouldn’t become too preoccupied with routines and schedules,
9. they can make us blind to what is in front of us.Sometimes we need to be flexible and adapt to changing
10. .
obviously
exception
without
to have
organised
because
circumstances
第二步 精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3 Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.According to the passage,what’s the title of the drawing
A.Controlling the Routines
B.A Watering Can
C.A Man in a Garden
D.It’s Time to Water the Flowers
D
2.From the writer’s point of view,what is the man’s personality
A.He is flexible.
B.He loves routines and doing without thinking.
C.He can adapt to the changing environment.
D.He has a positive attitude to the situation.
3.What lesson is the picture trying to teach
A.We need to be flexible and adapt to changing circumstances.
B.We love routines and doing without thinking.
C.It’s important to become too preoccupied with routines.
D.It’s important to have routines and timetables.
B
A
Activity 4 思考分享 提升思维
1.What do you think the man’s personality is
2.What can we learn from the picture
略
Activity 5 诵读佳句 学练写作
1.Read the text carefully and find the sentence(s) describing the man in the picture.
2.Read the text carefully and find the sentence(s) describing the author’s deduction of the man’s character.
In the picture,a man is wearing a hat and an apron,and is carrying an umbrella because it is raining heavily.He has his back turned to us.
This implies that this man obviously loves routines (and his flowers),and probably waters his flowers every day at the same time.
第三步 深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6 课文语篇填空
When I first look at the picture,it seems to be just a pretty simple drawing of a man in a garden.However,when 1. (look) at it more closely,I see something interesting.
In the picture,a man is wearing a hat and an apron,and is carrying an umbrella because it is raining 2. (heavy).He has his back turned to us.We can see he is in his garden,for he is watering the flowers 3. a watering can.The drawing 4. (entitle) “It’s Time to Water the Flowers”.
looking
heavily
with
is entitled
This implies that this man obviously loves routines (and his flowers),and probably 5. (water) his flowers every day at the same time.He is doing this even though it is raining heavily.However,the plants don’t need the extra water he is providing.He is not seeing the obvious,but is just going through the motions without 6. (think).
The overall message we can take from this picture is that it is important
7. (have) routines and timetables,as they can help us stay organised,8. sometimes routines can control us,rather than us controlling the routines.It is important not to become too preoccupied with routines and schedules,because they can make us blind to 9. is in front of us.Sometimes we need to be flexible and adapt to changing
10. (circumstance).
waters
thinking
to have
but
what
circumstances
Activity 7 长难句分析
1.We can see he is in his garden,for he is watering the flowers with a watering can.
[句式分析] 引导原因状语从句
We can see he is in his garden,for he is watering the flowers with a watering can.
省略了that的宾语从句,作see的宾语
我们可以看到他在他的花园里,因为他正在用洒水壶浇水。
2.The overall message we can take from this picture is that it is important to have routines and timetables,as they can help us stay organised,but sometimes routines can control us,rather than us controlling the routines.
[句式分析]省略了连接词的定语从句,修饰message 引导表语从句
The overall message we can take from this picture is that it is important to have routines and timetables,as they can help us stay organised,but sometimes routines can control us,rather than us controlling the routines.
引导原因状语从句 表示转折,连接并列句
总的来说,我们可以从这幅图中得到的信息是,制定常规的日程安排表是很重要的,因为它们可以帮助我们保持组织性,但有时常规可以控制我们,而不是我们控制常规。
Part 2 Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
重点单词
必记写作词汇
1. vt.名为……;使有权利
2. vt.意味着
3. n.惯例,常规;例行公事
4. n.运动
5. n.时间表,日程表;时刻表
entitle
imply
routine
motion
timetable
识记阅读词汇
6.apron n.
7.overall adj.
8.preoccupied adj.
9.facility n.
10.philosophy n.
串记拓展词汇
11. vt.约束,限制→restricted adj.有限的,受限制的
→restriction n.限制,约束
12. vt.排列,布置→arrangement n.安排;筹备;同意;解决;约定
围裙
全部的
全神贯注的
设施,设备
思想体系;哲学
restrict
arrange
重点短语
1. 经历
2. 肯定的
3. 被翻译成
4. 一门心思在……上
5. 同时
6. 而不是
7. 适应
go through
for sure
be translated into
be preoccupied with
at the same time
rather than
adapt to
8. 关注;聚焦于
9. 拿出;取出
10. 毕业于
11. 建立
12. 把……放回原处
13. 以……为基础
focus on
take out
graduate from
set up
put away
be based on
要点探究 能力素养全提升
基础词汇——语境记忆
1.imply vt.意味着……
【佳句背诵】His silence seemed to imply agreement.[人物描写]
他的沉默似乎意味着同意。
2.overall adj.全部的
【佳句背诵】The overall tone of the book is gently nostalgic.[推荐信]
这本书的整体格调是温情的怀旧。
3.preoccupied adj.全神贯注的
【佳句背诵】He was too preoccupied with his own thoughts to notice anything wrong.[人物描写]
他只顾想着自己的心事,没注意到有什么不对。
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.entitle vt.名为……;使有权利
(1)entitle sb to (do) sth给予某人获得某事物或做某事的权利;使某人有资格获得某事物或做某事
be entitled sth 被取名为
(2)entitlement n.授权;有资格;有权得到的东西
【佳句背诵】After a hard day’s work she felt entitled to a rest.[人物描写]
她劳累了一天,觉得理应休息一下了。
Everyone’s entitled to their own opinion.[议论文]
人人都有权发表自己的意见。
【即学即练】用puzzle的适当形式填空/单句写作
(1)All groups (entitle) to this money without distinction.
(2)You are not entitled unemployment benefit if you have never worked.
(3)她读了一首题为《苹果树》的诗。
She ________ ________ ________ _________“The Apple Tree”.
are entitled
to
read a poem entitled
2.rather than而不是
would do...rather than do...宁愿做……而不愿做……
would rather do...than do...宁愿做……而不愿做……
prefer to do...rather than do...宁愿做……而不愿做……
would rather sb did sth 宁愿某人做某事
or rather 确切地说
【佳句背诵】The children would walk there rather than take a bus.[活动描写]
孩子们宁愿步行去那里也不愿乘公共汽车。
The boy prefers to take the toy apart rather than throw it away.[活动描写]
这个男孩宁愿把玩具拆开也不愿扔掉。
We’d rather he paid us the money tomorrow.[活动描写]
我们宁愿他明天付给我们那笔钱。
I met him very late on Friday night,or rather,early on Saturday morning.[活动描写]
我在星期五深夜见到了他,确切地说,是在星期六凌晨。
【温馨提示】
(1)rather than连接两个主语时,谓语动词的数应与前面的主语保持一致。
(2)rather than连接的两个词的词性通常是一致的。
(3)rather than后接不定式时,不定式可以带to,也可以不带to。但rather than位于句首时,则只能接不带to 的不定式。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)I think Tom,rather than you, (be) to blame.
(2)He preferred (stay) at home watching TV rather than go to the concert.
(3)Bill would rather work in the factory get money in such a dishonest way.
(4)Peter rather than I (doubt) whether the problem is worth thinking about.
(5)They answered violence with violence rather than (accept) they were less important.
is
to stay
than
doubts
accepted
3.adapt to适应
adapt v.(使)适应;改编或改写
adapt oneself to 使自己适应或习惯于
adapt...from...根据……改编或改写……
【佳句背诵】He tried hard to adapt himself to the new environment.[人物介绍]
他努力使自己适应新的环境。
The TV series is adapted from a true story.[推荐信]
这部电视剧是由一个真实故事改编的。
【易混辨析】
adapt和adopt词形相近,但词义不同。adapt指“适应;改编”;adopt指“采用;采取;收养”。
Many childless couples adopt children.
许多无子女的夫妇收养孩子。
【即学即练】选词填空:adopt,adapt/单句语法填空
(1)The couple would like to a baby.
(2)Children are well to their surroundings.
(3)The policies can be to suit individual needs and requirements.
(4)The novel has been adapted for radio the Russian original.
(5)You’ll adapt yourself your new school life as soon as possible.
adopt
adapted
adapted
from
to
4.restrict vt.约束,限制
(1)restrict oneself to (doing) sth 限制自己(只做)……
(2)restricted adj.有限的,受限制的
(3)restriction n.约束,限制
put/place restrictions on...对……实行限制
lift/remove restrictions on...对……解除限制
ease/relax restrictions on...对……放宽限制
without restriction 没有限制地
【佳句背诵】Most countries now put/place restrictions on the importation of this product.[议论文]
现在大多数国家对这种产品的进口采取限制措施。
The government has done nothing to relax/ease restrictions on exportation.[议论文]
政府未采取任何措施放松出口限制。
The park is open to the public without restriction.[景点介绍]
该公园无限制地对公众开放。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Plants,like animals,often have (restrict) habitats.
(2)There is no (restrict) on the number of people.
(3)The government has agreed to remove restrictions press freedom.
(4)本倶乐部会员仅限于成年人。
Membership of the club ______ __________ ________ adults.
(5)我约束自己每天只喝一杯咖啡。
I ________ ________ ________ one cup of coffee a day.
(6)此地车速限制为每小时40千米。
Speed ________ __________ ________ 40 kilometres per hour here.
(7)贸易限制已被取消了。
have been lifted.
restricted
restriction
on
is restricted to
restrict myself to
is restricted to
Restrictions on trade
5.arrange v.排列,布置;筹备,安排;约定
(1)arrange sth for...为……安排某事
arrange for...to do sth 安排……做某事
arrange to do sth 约定做某事
(2)arrangement n.安排;筹备;同意;解决;约定
make arrangements for sth安排/筹备某事
arrangement about/over sth 关于某事的约定/解决
【佳句背诵】Ann’s arranging a surprise party for her son’s birthday.[活动描写]
安正在为她儿子的生日安排一个惊喜聚会。
The manager has arranged for us to have a meeting.[活动描写]
经理已经安排我们开会了。
The family are making arrangements for their holiday.[活动描写]
这家人正在安排他们的假期。
Next day he found they had arranged to go by train to Beijing.[活动描写]
第二天,他发现大家已经约定好,打算乘火车到北京去。
He said that we could come to some arrangement about the price.[活动描写]
他说,价钱方面,我们可以商议解决。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)They have arranged another man (take) his place.
(2)Have you arranged (meet) him
(3)The local newspaper made (arrange) for an interview with Professor Stein.
(4)I’ve ________ ________ ________ ________(安排与马克见面) today.
(5)We have made ______ ______ ____________ ________(全部安排) the meeting.
for
to take
to meet
arrangements
arranged to meet Mark
all the arrangements for
多义词汇——自主练透
一词多义
routine
A.n.(表演中的)一套动作
B.n.常规,惯例;例行公事
C.adj.常规的;例行公事的
1.She found it difficult to establish a new routine after retirement.
2.The girl is practising a newly learned dance routine.
3.The fault was discovered during a routine check.
B
A
C
重点句式——多维剖析
1.省略主语的状语从句
【教材原句】However,when looking at it more closely,I see something interesting.
然而,当我更仔细看的时候,我看到了一些有趣的东西。
(1)when looking at it more closely是一个省略了主谓部分的状语从句。
(2)省略句的条件:
①状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或是代词it;
②状语从句谓语中含有be动词。
(3)省略句的形式:
省略从句中的主语或it和be动词。
【佳句背诵】While (they are) enjoying the meal,some talented students gave a wonderful folk dance performance,making the elderly very happy.[活动描写]
吃饭时,一些有天赋的学生表演了精彩的民间舞蹈,这使老人们非常高兴。
If (you are) accepted for the job,you’ll be informed soon.[建议信]
如果你被录用了,你很快就会接到通知。
If (it is) necessary,you should turn to your parents for help.[建议信]
如果有必要,你应该向你的父母求助。
【即学即练】句型转换
(1)I’ll buy a TV set if possible.
→I’ll buy a TV set ________ ________ ________ ________.
(2)Unless it is necessary,he will not repeat the action.
→ ,he will not repeat the action.
(3)While she was seeing the film,she fell asleep.
→________ ________ ________ ________,she fell asleep.
(4)Though they were tired of doing the work,they had to go on.
→________ ______ _____ ________ ________ ________,they had to go on.
if it is possible
Unless necessary
While seeing the film
Though tired of doing the work
2.it’s time to do sth 是做某事的时候了
【教材原句】It’s Time to Water the Flowers
该浇花了
it’s time that...意为“是……的时候了”。在句型“it’s time that...”中,that可省略,time可由high或about修饰,从句中的谓
语动词用过去式(be用were)。此句型为虚拟语气句型,表示“现在某人该做某事了”,含有该事早该去做而未做,现在去做似乎都为时已晚的意思。
【佳句背诵】It’s time (that) we went to bed.[活动描写]
我们该去睡觉了。
It’s high time that the article were published.[建议信]
是时候发表这篇文章了。
It’s time she did the cleaning.[活动描写]
她该去打扫卫生了。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/翻译句子
(1)It’s high time that she (wash) the dress.
(2)It’s time (go) to the zoo.
(3)是我们出发的时候了。
washed
to go
It is high time (that) we started.
3.not as...as比较级句式
【教材原句】Some people think that English may not be as popular as it is now.
有些人认为英语可能不像现在这样受欢迎。
(1)not as...as...表示前者不及后者,译作“……不如……”,在两个as之间应用形容词或副词原级。
(2)not as...as...结构中的前一个as可用so代替。
(3)as...as...表示“……和……一样……”。其中as不可用so代替。
【佳句背诵】In terms of giving a speech,what you say is just as important as how you do it.[建议信]
就演讲而言,演讲内容和你的现场表现同样重要。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)As with English study,studying grammar is as (important) as memorizing vocabulary.
(2)Roads in the past were not convenient as those at present.
(3)在我看来,无论我们做什么,结果没有过程重要。
In my opinion,whatever we do,the result is ______ ________ ____________ _______ ________ ___________.
important
as/so
not as/so important
as the course(共74张PPT)
素养导航 明目标
语言
能力 必背
单词 significance sympathy tendency technique responsibility promote analyse evaluate approve
contribute expose owe consistent severe
enthusiastic surrounding worthy beneficial
重点
短语 regardless of in conclusion believe in put forward
approve of owe...to... adapt to rather than
hold up open up relate to
语言
能力 重点
句式 1.now that 由于,既然
2.动词+形式宾语it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语
3.it作形式主语
4.with复合结构
5.even though引导让步状语从句
6.省略主语的状语从句
7.not as...as比较级句式
核心
语法 have/get something done
主题
写作 如何描写图画
文化
意识 了解不同社会文化中的人接受教育和获得知识的方式
发现并理解语篇中包含的不同文化元素
思维
品质 在语境的引领下,学生能了解人类获得知识的途径及方法
养成良好的学习习惯和思维品质
学习
能力 理解语篇中的逻辑关系,抓住语篇中的关键信息
在语境中学习词汇和语法,提升语言运用能力
听懂并能熟练表达关于教育的观点、故事等
Part 1 Reading comprehension
Part 2 Language points
目 录 索 引
Part 3 Grammar
Part 1 Reading comprehension
第一步 速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1 Read for the main idea.
What does the text mainly show us
A.How to treat a patient.
B.How to learn English.
C.How to instruct a disabled mind.
D.How to understand love.
C
Activity 2 Skim for the main structure.
Before
Sullivan
came By the time she was 7,Helen couldn’t speak,read or write.She had severe 1. to her communication,and her behaviour was often unbearable.When nobody understood her,she had a tendency to break things.
After
Sullivan
came Sullivan’s
conditions She’d had eyesight problems when she was young,
2. she could understand Helen well.She was a former student and then a teacher at a school
3. the blind in Boston.
restrictions
so
for
After
Sullivan
came How
Sullivan
taught
Helen Anne spelt words by 4. on Helen’s hand so that she could get a mental picture of the words.For example,when they were at the well one day,Anne put one of Helen’s hands 5. the stream of water,and then spelt out “W-A-T-E-R” into Helen’s other hand.Helen suddenly realised the meaning of “water”,which gave her hope and 6. .7. ,she got the world of words opened up to her.
writing
under
joy
Finally
After
Sullivan
Came How
Sullivan
taught
Helen As Helen’s knowledge 8. ,she asked more and more questions,9. soon led her to discover more complex words and changed her thinking process.But it took her a lot of time to understand more abstract words,such as “love” and “think”.When she was uncertain how 10. the mistakes she had made, she understood the meaning of “think”.It was not until Anne explained that love was like the sun and clouds in a way that she finally understood the meaning of “love”.
expanded
which
to fix
第二步 精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3 Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.Which word do you think had much more influence on Helen’s language learning
A.Think. B.Love.
C.Water. D.Doll.
C
2.Which of the following statements is NOT right
A.Anne Sullivan was very patient and loved Helen very much.
B.When Helen learned language,she followed a “simple-to-complex” way.
C.Anne Sullivan had some teaching experience before she came to teach Helen.
D.Before seven years old,Helen could communicate with her parents in simple language.
D
3.What can you infer from the story of Helen Keller
A.She is easy to lose temper.
B.She is blind and deaf but a lovely girl.
C.She is stupid because she learns so slowly.
D.It’s hard for her to learn and her teacher is patient.
4.When ,Helen learned the meaning of “think”.
A.making a doll
B.making necklaces
C.playing in the park
D.feeling the warmth of the sun
D
B
Activity 4 思考分享 提升思维
1.What impact do you think the learning process had on Helen
2.What qualities do you think Helen and Anne showed What can we learn from them
略
Activity 5 诵读佳句 学练写作
1.Read the text carefully and find the sentence(s) describing Helen’s behaviour before she was taught by Anne.
2.Read the text carefully and find the sentence(s) describing how Anne taught Helen the meaning of “think”.
With these severe restrictions to her communication,Helen’s behaviour was often unbearable.She was sometimes troublesome,stubborn and angry,and had a tendency to break things when no one understood her.
As she did this,Anne touched Helen’s forehead and wrote the word “think” on her hand.
第三步 深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6 课文语篇填空
Helen Keller was a very special girl 1. needed a superb teacher.Her behaviour was often 2. (bearable) and she was stubborn because she couldn’t speak,read or write when she was seven years old.
Anne Sullivan 3. (recommend) to help Helen.Anne
4. (have) eyesight problems early in life as well so she could relate 5. Helen’s difficulties.Her first goal was to stop Helen’s troublesome 6. (behave) and gave Helen lots of love.
who/that
unbearable
was recommended
had had
to
behaviour
Anne’s technique was simple and straightforward.One day Anne put one of Helen’s hands under the water.As the water flowed over the hand,Anne
7. (spell) out “W-A-T-E-R” into Helen’s other hand.
Suddenly,Helen realised that the movement of the fingers meant the cool liquid 8. (flow) over her hand.This precious knowledge gave her hope and joy.9. (final),the world of words was opening up to her.
Gradually,Helen understood the meaning of “love” and “think”
10. the help of Miss Sullivan.
spelled/spelt
flowing
Finally
with
Activity 7 长难句分析
1.As Anne wrote on Helen’s hand,Helen suddenly realised that the movement of the fingers meant the cool liquid flowing over her hand.
[句式分析] 引导宾语从句,作realised的宾语
引导时间状语从句
As Anne wrote on Helen’s hand,Helen suddenly realised that the movement of the fingers meant the cool liquid flowing over her hand.
作定语,修饰liquid
安妮在海伦手上写字的时候,海伦突然意识到,手指的动作代表的是流过她手掌的清凉的液体。
2.In a flash I knew that the word was the name of the process that was going on in my head.
[句式分析]引导宾语从句,作knew的宾语
In a flash I knew that the word was the name of the process that was going on in my head.
引导定语从句,修饰process
瞬间我就明白了,我头脑中进行的活动就是这个词的意思。
Part 2 Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
重点单词
必记写作词汇
1. vt.促进,增进
2. vt.促进;使便利
3. adj.一贯的,一致的
4. n.同情,同情心
5. vi.坚称;坚持主张
6. vt.评估,评价
7. adv.极其,非常
8. adj.很严重的
promote
facilitate
consistent
sympathy
insist
evaluate
exceptionally
severe
9. adj.极好的,卓越的
10. n.视力
11. vi.理解;相联系
12. n.技巧,手法
13. adj.简单的,易懂的;诚实的,坦率的
14. n.水流
15. n.液体
16. adj.宝贵的
superb
eyesight
relate
technique
straightforward
stream
liquid
precious
17. vt.理解,领会
18. vi.& vt.(使)扩大;增加
19. adj.复杂的;难以理解的
20. n.概念;想法
21. n.突破;重大进展
22. n.额,前额
23. adj.生动的,逼真的
grasp
expand
complex
concept
breakthrough
forehead
vivid
识记阅读词汇
24.cultivate vt.
25.philosopher n.
26.enlighten vt.
27.stubborn adj.
28.doll n.
29.vocabulary n.
30.violet n.
31.ray n.
32.abstract adj.
33.necklace n.
培养,养成(技能、态度或素质)
哲学家
启迪;指导,教导
固执的,执拗的;倔强的
玩偶
词汇量
紫罗兰
(太阳或月亮的)光线
抽象的
项链
串记拓展词汇
34.imitate v.模仿,仿效→ n.模仿,仿效
35. vt.使困惑,使迷惑→puzzled adj.困惑的;迷惑的
→puzzling adj.令人困惑的;令人迷惑的
36. n.重要性,意义→significant adj.重要的;有意义的
37. vt.分析,剖析→analysis n.分析;分解
38.educate v.教育→education n.教育
→educational adj.教育的;有教育意义的→ n.教育工作者
39.restrict v.限制;约束→ n.限制,规定,约束
40.bear v.忍受;承担→bearable adj.可忍受的
→ adj.难以忍受的;承受不住的
imitation
puzzle
significance
analyse
educator
restriction
unbearable
41.trouble n.问题 v.(使)烦恼
→ adj.引起麻烦的;令人烦恼的
42.tend v.倾向;易于→ n.倾向,趋势
43.initial adj.起初的;开始的→ adv.起初;开始
44.excite vt.使兴奋;使激动→exciting adj.令人兴奋的;令人激动的
→excited adj.兴奋的;激动的
→ n.兴奋,激动
45. adj.逐渐的,逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地
46.pain n.疼痛;痛苦→ adj.令人痛苦的;困难的;疼痛的
troublesome
tendency
initially
excitement
gradual
painful
47.enthusiasm n.热情;热心→ adj.热心的,热衷的
48.gentle adj.轻柔的;温和的→ adv.轻柔地;温和地;平缓地
49. adj.显而易见的;明白的
→apparently adv.显而易见地;明显地
50.disappoint vt.使失望→ adj.失望的,沮丧的
→disappointing adj.令人失望的,令人沮丧的
→disappointment n.失望
enthusiastic
gently
apparent
disappointed
【掌握构词规律 快速记牢单词】
由动词加-er/-or构成的名词往往表示人或用具。例如:
educate→educator教育工作者
farm→farmer 农民,农夫
bake→baker 面包师
visit→visitor 访问者;参观者
profess→professor 教授;教师
cook→cooker 炊具
重点短语
1. 人类
2. ……的准备
3. (想法或事实)与……一致,与……相符
4. 使某人做某事
5. 瞬间
6. 有重大意义
7. 为某人提供某物
8. 对……有重大影响
fellow man
preparation for...
tie in with
enable sb to do sth
in a flash
have great significance
provide sth for sb
have great influence on...
9. 使适合,使适应
10. 与……一致
11. 允许某人做某事
12. 把……奉献于……
13. 传授,传给
14. 渴望做某事
15. 在……的帮助下
adapt to
be consistent with
allow sb to do sth
devote...to
pass on
be eager to do sth
with the help of
要点探究 能力素养全提升
基础词汇——语境记忆
1.significance n.重要性,意义
【佳句背诵】Your participation is of great significance to the success of this activity.[感谢信]
您的参与对这次活动的成功有着非常重要的意义。
2.exceptionally adv.极其,非常
【佳句背诵】In conclusion,it is an exceptionally useful book.[推荐信]
总而言之,这是一本非常有用的书。
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.promote vt.促进,增进;促销,推销;提升,晋升
(1)promote growth/understanding 促进增长/了解
promote sb from sth to sth 把某人从……提升为……
be/get promoted 得到提升;获得晋升
(2)promotion n.提升;晋升;促销
【佳句背诵】It also helps people of different cultural backgrounds to promote understanding.[议论文]
它也帮助不同文化背景的人群增进了解。
【即学即练】用promote的适当形式填空
(1)The organisation works ____________ friendship between nations.
(2)The company _____________the sales of this new product on television at the moment.
(3)He got ___________________because of his special contributions to the company.
(4)Pupils who pass this test will _____________to the next higher grade.
to promote
is promoting
promotion/promoted
be promoted
2.consistent adj.一贯的;一致的
(1)be consistent with...与……一致
be consistent in...在……方面始终如一
(2)consist vi.(存)在于;由……组成
consist of sth由某事物组成
consist in sth(存)在于某事物
(3)consistently adv.一致地
【佳句背诵】His action is always consistent with his words.[人物介绍]
他始终言行一致。
The two countries are consistent in fighting against pollution.[议论文]
这两个国家一致反对污染。
Your work has been of a consistently high standard.[感谢信]
你的工作一直有很高的水准。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)I have been consistent my approach over the years.
(2)The statement is not consistent what you said at yesterday’s meeting.
(3)如果你言行不一,这将对你的孩子有不好的影响。
If what you say ________ ______ ___________ ________what you do,it will have a bad effect on your children.
in
with
is not consistent with
3.devote...to 把……用于;把……奉献于……
be devoted to 对……专一/专注;致力于
devote oneself to 致力于,献身于
devote one’s life/time/energy/attention to 把某人的生命/时间/精力/注意力奉献于……
【佳句背诵】You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work.[建议信]
除非你全心投入工作,否则你永远不会成功。
Qian Xuesen devoted himself to science.[人物介绍]
钱学森献身于科学事业。
He devoted most of his time to painting.[人物介绍]
他把他的大部分时间用于绘画。
【温馨提示】
devote...to中的to为介词,后跟名词或动词-ing形式。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作/句型转换
(1)Once married,Joe devoted her life looking after children and being a full-time homemaker.
(2)The two professors made up their minds to devote all they had to
(set) up nature reserves.
(3) (devote) to scientific research wholeheartedly,he spends little time with his family.
to
setting
Devoted
(4)我致力于这项事业很多年了。
I ________ ________ ________ ________this cause for many years.
The professor was entirely devoted to the experiment and wasn’t aware of the weather change.
→(5)Entirely ________ ________ the experiment,the professor wasn’t aware of the weather change.
→(6)The professor entirely ________ ________ ________ the experiment and wasn’t aware of the weather change.
have been devoted to
devoted to
devoted himself to
4.insist v.坚称;坚持主张
(1)insist意为“坚持要,一定要”时,宾语从句所指的一般是尚未实现的事,此时从句要用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),that一般不省略。
(2)insist意为“坚持一种说法、看法或事实”时,宾语从句用陈述语气,that可以省略。
(3)insist意为“坚持主张等”时,其后常接介词on。
【佳句背诵】He insisted that he hadn’t done anything wrong and that he (should) be set free.[人物介绍]
他坚持认为他没有做错任何事并且坚决要求释放他。
I wanted to walk to the station,but he insisted on driving me there.[感谢信]
我想步行到车站,但他坚持要开车送我到那儿。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)The teacher insisted that his students (finish) their homework alone.
(2)He insisted that he (do) nothing wrong.
(3)She insisted on your (say) “sorry” to her in public.
(4)校方坚持主张,一所好的学校应该有严格的规章制度。
The school insisted that a good school _____ _____ _____ ____ ___________.
(5)相反,志愿者们坚持说他们已经厌倦了地球上的生活。
On the contrary,the volunteers insist that they ________ _________ ________
_________ _______ _________on the earth.
(should) finish
had done
saying
have strict rules and regulations
have got/been tired
of the life
5.tendency n.倾向,趋势
(1)have a tendency to do sth 有做某事的倾向
(2)tend vi.趋向;易于;照顾 vt.照顾;护理
tend to do sth易于做某事,往往会发生某事
tend to/towards sth 有……趋势;倾向于……
【佳句背诵】You tend to get very angry when people disagree with you.[建议信]
当有人与你意见不一致时,你很容易生气。
I tend to have a different answer,depending on the family.[建议信]
根据家庭的不同,我往往会给出不同的答案。
Students in middle schools tend to passive resistence.[议论文]
中学生倾向于消极反抗。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/句型转换/翻译句子
(1)I tend (go) to bed late and get up early in summer.
(2)I have a (tend) to talk too much when I’m nervous.
(3)Women tend to live longer than men.
→Women ________ ____ _________ ________ ________longer than men.
(4)我祖母习惯每天早睡。
(5)The drug is effective but has a tendency to cause headaches.
to go
tendency
have a tendency to live
My grandmother tends to go to bed early every day.
这种药很有效,但往往会引起头痛。
6.relate v.理解;相联系
(1)relate...to...把……与……联系起来;向……讲述
relate to理解;涉及;与……相关
(2)related adj.相关的;有联系的
be related to 与……有关系的
(3)relation n.(人、团体、国家之间的)关系,联系,交往
in relation to sth 相对某物而言;关于
have relation to 与……有关
【佳句背诵】Light industry is closely related to agriculture.[议论文]
轻工业和农业密切相关。
It is difficult to relate his argument to the facts.[人物介绍]
很难把他的论证同事实联系起来。
Much of the crime in this area has relation to drug abuse.[议论文]
这一地区的许多犯罪与滥用毒品有关。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)These diseases are related serious air pollution.
(2)I don’t see any (relate) between the two problems.
(3)These two events were (relate) to each other.
(4)I would like to give my opinion relation to this problem.
(5)她似乎无法理解他。
It seems that she ________ ________ ________ him.
(6)你认为犯罪与贫穷有关吗
Do you think crime ________ ________ poverty
to
relation
related
in
can’t relate to
relates to
7.painful adj.令人痛苦的;困难的;疼痛的
(1)pain n.疼痛;痛苦 vt.使痛苦
in pain 疼痛;在苦恼中
have pains/a pain in+身体部位 (身体部位)疼
a pain in the neck 令人厌烦的人或事物
take pains to do sth 煞费苦心地做某事
it pains sb to do sth 做某事使某人痛苦
(2)painless adj.无痛的;轻松的
(3)pained adj.(显示出)痛苦或难过的
【佳句背诵】It’s a play which is painful,funny,and powerfully acted.[活动介绍]
这是一出令人痛苦而又逗人发笑且富有感染力的戏。
He was pained to see many children dropping out for various reasons.[人物介绍]
看到许多孩子因各种原因辍学,他很痛心。
They got more aches and pains as they got older.[人物描写]
随着他们年纪变大,他们的疼痛也越多。
Applying for jobs can be a long and painful process,and you have to be patient enough.[建议信]
求职可能是一个漫长而又艰难的历程,你必须足够有耐心。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)I’ve been getting pains my chest.
(2)He always takes great (pain) with his lectures.
(3)It was a (pain) and unpopular decision for that young boy.
(4)看到你这副模样令我难过。(it作形式主语)
________ ________ ________ to see you like this.
in
pains
painful
It pains me
8.expand vi.& vt.(使)扩大;增加
(1)expand (sth) into...(使某事物)扩展/膨胀成……
expand on/upon sth 详述某事;充分叙述某事
(2)expansion n.扩大;扩展;膨胀
【佳句背诵】The teacher asked students to expand a sentence into a story.
[活动介绍]
老师要求学生们将一句话扩展成一个故事。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作/翻译句子
(1)His part-time job gradually expanded a full-time position.
(2)I’ll expand this problem at the next meeting.
(3)我们也会利用自己的人脉,帮助他们在中国拓展他们的业务。
We would also use our contacts to help them ________ _______ _________ in China.
(4)他原先不大的生意最后扩展成了超级市场集团。
His modest business eventually _________ ________ a supermarket empire.
(5)Future expansion of the business calls for two new factories.
into
on/upon
expand their business
expanded into
将来的业务扩展需要建造两个新工厂。
9.disappointed adj.失望的,沮丧的
(1)be/get disappointed in/with sb 对某人失望
be/get disappointed about/at/by sth 对某物失望
be/get disappointed to do sth 做某事感到失望
(2)disappoint vt.使失望;使扫兴
(3)disappointing adj.令人失望的
(4)disappointment n.失望;沮丧
to one’s disappointment 使某人失望的是
【佳句背诵】She tried to cover up her disappointment.[人物描写]
她极力掩饰自己的失望情绪。
I’m very disappointed to hear that you will not be able to come to my birthday party.[邀请信]
听说你不能来参加我的生日聚会,我很失望。
Though I failed in the examination,my parents didn’t get disappointed in me.[人物描写]
尽管我没有通过考试,但我的父母并没有对我感到失望。
She was rather disappointed about the outcome of her talk with him.[人物描写]
她对和他谈话的结果大失所望。
【即学即练】用disappoint的适当形式填空/单句写作
(1)—How did you find the talk this morning
—Very .
(2)The old couple felt lonely and with their new life in the city.
(3)To his ,he couldn’t adapt himself to the new environment.
(4)我听说他们不来了,感到很扫兴。
I ________ ____________ ________ ________they were not coming.
(5)总的来说,这是一场令人失望的演出。
In summary,this was ________ ______________ ______________ .
(6)我答应给我儿子买一辆新自行车,可我只能让他失望了。
I promised to buy my son a new bicycle,but I had to __________ ________ .
disappointing
disappointed
disappointment
was/got disappointed to hear
a disappointing performance
disappoint him
多义词汇——自主练透
Ⅰ.一词多义
promote
A.v.提升;晋升 B.v.促进;增进 C.v.宣传;促销
1.The organisation works to promote the friendship between nations.
2.Paul has announced a full British tour to promote his second solo album.
3.Owing to her excellent performance in her work,Helen was promoted to senior manager.
B
C
A
Ⅱ.教材熟词生义
stream
项目 意义 例句
熟义 n. There was a small stream at the end of the garden.
生义 n. Visitors to the exhibition came in an endless stream.
v. The clock in the church struck twelve,and soon after people began to stream out.
(小)河;(大)溪
(液体、人群、事
物等的)流动或涌出
流动,流出,流淌
重点句式——多维剖析
1.now that由于,既然
【教材原句】Now that Helen grasped the key to language,she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.
由于海伦理解了语言的关键,她非常渴望学习更多语言,并且尽可能学以致用。
(1)now that引导原因状语从句。
(2)辨析:now that,because,for,as,since
①now that与since引导的原因状语从句意思相近,都表示“既然”。
②because引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句的后面,because从句位于句首时要用逗号分开,放在句末时,可不用逗号分开。because表示直接原因,语气最强,最适合回答why引导的疑问句。
③for引导并列句,表示原因,但并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因,只提供一些辅助性的补充说明。for引导的并列句只能放于主句之后,且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。
④as引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的双方已知的原因,语气比since弱,较为正式,位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前)。
⑤since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前,表示已知的、显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”),较为正式,语气比because弱。
【佳句背诵】Now that you are grown up,you should not rely on your parents.[议论文]
既然你已经长大了,你就不应该依赖你的父母了。
As it is raining,you’d better take a taxi.[建议信]
既然在下雨,你最好乘坐出租汽车。
He could not have seen me,for I was not there.[人物描写]
他不可能见过我,因为我不在那里。
【即学即练】单句写作
(1)我们乘公交汽车去那里,因为这样更便宜。(because)
We went there by bus ________ ________ ________ ________.
(2)既然不信任他,你就不该雇用他。(since)
________ ______ ________ ________ ________,you should not employ him.
(3)既然大家都在这里,我们就开始讨论吧。(now that)
______ ______ ____________ ______ _______,let’s begin our discussion.
(4)既然你累了,你最好休息一下。(as)
,you had better have a rest.
(5)他现在难得出门了,因为他年事已高。(for)
He seldom goes out now,________ ______ ______ ________ ________.
because it was cheaper
Since you don’t trust him
Now that everybody is here
As you are tired
for he is very old
2.动词+形式宾语it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语
【教材原句】I thought it strange that my teacher could not show me love.
我觉得我的老师不能给我展示什么是爱这件事很奇怪。
(1)此句为“动词+形式宾语it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语”结构。在该句中,it为形式宾语,that从句为真正的宾语。
(2)在“动词+形式宾语it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语”结构中:
①能用于上述结构的动词还有consider,find,make,believe,feel,judge等。
②除了形容词可以作宾语补足语外,名词(词组)也常作宾语补足语。
③真正的宾语除了that引导的从句外,还可以用不定式结构。
【佳句背诵】I find it hard to do the job well.[活动介绍]
我发现做好这项工作很难。
I think it our duty to help the poor.[议论文]
我认为帮助穷人是我们的责任。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)The heavy rain makes it impossible for me (go) there.
(2)We all thought it a pity the conference should have been cancelled.
(3)我们认为把我们的国家建设得更好是我们的责任。
We ________ ______ ________ ________to make our country a better place.
(4)我发现与外国人相处很难。
I ________ ________ ________ to get along with foreigners.
(5)我觉得旅行时带一张地图很有必要。
I find ________ __________ ________ ________a map when travelling.
to go
that
think it our duty
find it difficult
it necessary to bring
3.it is/was the+序数词+time (that)... “这是第几次……”
【教材原句】It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn’t touch.
这是海伦第一次理解这样复杂的一个词——一个她触摸不到的事物的词。
(1)“it is/was the+序数词+time (that)...”是固定句型,表示“这是第几次……”。当主句用was时,从句用过去完成时;当主句用is时,从句用现在完成时。
(2)the first/second...time引导时间状语从句时,主句和从句中的谓语动词常用一般过去时。
【佳句背诵】The first time I visited the West Lake,I was attracted by its beauty.[推荐信]
我第一次游览西湖时,就被它的美丽所吸引。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)It is the third time that he (hold) an art exhibition.
(2)It seemed to him that this was the first time he (see) his mother.
(3)这是她第一次离开家。
______ ________ ________ ______ _________that she had left home.
(4)这是中国女性宇航员第二次被送往太空。
It was the second time that the female Chinese astronaut ________ ________ ________ _________ __________.
has held
had seen
It was the first time
had been
sent into space
Part 3 Grammar
情景导入
have/get something done
①My brother will have his teeth filled tomorrow.
②Helen’s parents got a superb teacher recommended to them,a woman named Anne Sullivan.
③Finally,she got the world of words opened up to her.
【语法感悟】
1.句①中的黑体部分使用了 时。
2.句②中的黑体部分使用了 时。
3.句③中的黑体部分使用了 时。
一般将来
一般过去
一般过去
语法图解
语法精讲
1.表达含义
have/get sth done可表达两种含义:
(1)使某事被做(可能是主语自己做也可能是让别人做);
(2)遭遇到不幸的事情(主语是受害者)。
You’d better have/get your bad tooth pulled out.
你最好把坏牙拔掉。
I can’t have/get the car started.
我没能把汽车发动起来。
The girl had/got her handbag stolen.
这个女孩的手提包被偷了。
2.常用时态
have/get sth done的各种常用时态如下表:
一般现在时 have/get sth done
一般过去时 had/got sth done
现在进行时 am/is/are having/getting sth done
过去进行时 was/were having/getting sth done
现在完成时 have had/got sth done
过去完成时 had had/got sth done
一般将来时 will/be going to have/get sth done
The teacher often has/gets my homework handed in after school.
老师经常让我放学后交上作业。
She got/had her fingers caught in the door.
她的手指被门夹了。
He is having/getting his eyes examined now.
他现在正在检查眼睛。
The old woman was having/getting her hair cut at this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候,那位老太太正在理发。
I have had/got all the branches cut up for firewood.
我已经把所有的树枝截成段做柴火了。
When he got home,his father had had/got the computer repaired.
当他到家时,他父亲已经找人把电脑修好了。
You should have/get your eyes tested.
你应该检查一下你的眼睛。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
1.I had/got that door (paint) last week.
2.She is going to have her new clothes (make) by a young tailor.
3.He had his house (burn) down in the fire.
4.史密斯先生的农场在这次洪水中被冲毁了。
Mr Smith ________ ________ ________ __________in the flood.
5.我的钱包在公交车上被偷了。
I on the bus.
painted
made
burnt
had/got his farm destroyed
had/got my wallet stolen(共78张PPT)
Part 1 Reading comprehension
Part 2 Language points
目 录 索 引
Part 1 Reading comprehension
第一步 速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1 Read for the main idea.
What does the text mainly tell us
A.Why we believe in our forefathers.
B.Why we pass on our knowledge.
C.How we acquire knowledge.
D.How we understand others.
C
Activity 2 Skim for the main structure.
The
method
to acquire
knowledge Three
stages To start with,we need questions.
Then,1. answers,we observe the world around us and study the facts.
After that,we consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones.
The
situations
in the 17th
century The early
pioneers &
convention Bacon suggested this type of thinking was the way to gain knowledge,but he was going 2. the views of the day.Although 3. an important rank in the royal court of England,his true interest was to search for knowledge.But at that time,people believed 4. in the church than in facts.
to find
against
holding
more
The
situations
in the 17th
century The
early
pioneers
&
conven
tion Galilei put forward the idea that “the Earth 5. not the centre of the universe”.He was punished by the church with no one coming to his 6. .The church and many people tended 7. the facts and didn’t want to challenge what they had always comfortably believed.
People wanted to believe the primitive ideas put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle,8. said that the Earth must be the centre of the universe.When Galilei proved Aristotle wrong,people grew angry and put him in prison.Until today,people make the 9. that if someone important and respected says that something is right,then it must be so.
is
defence
to ignore
who
assumption
Conclusions Our understanding of the world around us is
10. growing and changing.We need to thank the great men of the past for their wisdom.
People like Bacon and Galilei were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought to find the kingdom of knowledge that today’s civilisation is built upon.
constantly
第二步 精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3 Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What’s the very first step of Francis Bacon’s type of thinking
A.Thinking over the possible answers.
B.Testing for a right answer.
C.Observing the world.
D.Raising questions.
D
2.What do we know from the passage
A.At that time,people believed more in religion than in facts.
B.Both Bacon and Galilei were punished for their scientific ideas.
C.Before Galilei,Aristotle’s theory had influenced people for 1,000 years.
D.The church was against the great philosopher Aristotle for his theory of the universe.
A
3.What’s the main idea of the passage
A.Francis Bacon was going against the views of his day.
B.Galileo Galilei was great to prove the Earth was not the centre of the universe.
C.People should question more because great men,even Aristotle and Galilei, might make mistakes.
D.The Earth is not the centre of the universe and it doesn’t move round the sun in a perfect circle,either.
C
4.What is the correct order to acquire knowledge and understanding according to the article
A.Observe,study,consider,find the right answers.
B.Question,find the right answers,observe,test.
C.Question,observe and study,consider and test,find the right answers.
D.Acquire the knowledge and understanding,find the right answers,consider and test.
C
5.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A.Knowledge is got by learning not by believing.
B.Civilisation is built on the kingdom of knowledge.
C.People tend to believe everything that the person they respect says.
D.Galileo proved “the Earth is not the centre of the universe” and he never made mistakes.
D
Activity 4 思考分享 提升思维
1.What else do you know about the way we acquire knowledge
2.What can we learn from the text about acquiring knowledge
略
Activity 5 诵读佳句 学练写作
1.Read the text carefully and find the sentence(s) describing Francis Bacon’s interest.
2.Read the text carefully and find the sentence(s) describing Aristotle’s contribution.
Although Bacon held an important rank in King James’ royal court of England,his true interest was not the day-to-day,slow and inefficient working style of the government,but the worthy search for knowledge.
But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him,he was wrong at times.
第三步 深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6 课文语篇填空
1. seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.2. (start) with,we need questions.Then,
3. (find) answers,we observe the world around us and study the facts.After that,we consider possible answers and test each to find the right 4. (one).Modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world’s problems 5. this type of analysis.
It
To start
to find
ones
with
Our understanding of the world around us is 6. (constant) growing and changing.In other words,we learn more every day.We need to thank the great men of the past for 7. (they) wisdom.They understood 8. we don’t know everything and probably never will, as this would mean a world with questions.We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei, who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of 9. (convention) thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today’s civilisation
10. (build) upon.
constantly
their
that
conventional
is built
Activity 7 长难句分析
1.However,in the 17th century when Francis Bacon(1561—1626) suggested that this type of thinking was the way to gain knowledge,he was going against the views of the day.
[句式分析] 作时间状语 引导定语从句,修饰17th century
However,in the 17th century when Francis Bacon(1561—1626) suggested that this type of thinking was the way to gain knowledge,he was going against the views of the day. 作定语,修饰way 引导宾语从句,作suggested的宾语
然而,在17世纪,当弗朗西斯·培根(1561—1626)提出这种思考方式去获取知识时,他的观点却与当时的观念背道而驰。
2.We own so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei,who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today’s civilisation is built upon.
[句式分析]引导非限制性定语从句,修饰people
We own so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei,who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today’s civilisation is built upon.作目的状语 引导定语从句,修饰kingdom
我们对世界的认识和理解,很大程度上要归功于像培根和伽利莱这样的人,他们勇敢地走出了传统思想的阴影,只为寻找构建当今文明的知识王国。
Part 2 Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
重点单词
必记写作词汇
1. vt.获得,赢得,取得;受益
2. vt.追求
3. n.洞察力;顿悟
4. vt.教育;教导,指导
5. n.经济学
6. n.境况,状况;情况,情形
7. n.公民;市民
8. vt.刺激,促使,促进
gain
pursue
insight
educate
economics
circumstance
citizen
stimulate
9. adj.聪颖的,才华横溢的
10. vt.展示;说明
11. n.分析
12. n.等级
13. n.教会;教堂
14. n.宇宙
15. n.监狱
16. vt.放弃;抛弃
17. vt.有……是由于;把……归功于
18. n.阴影
19. n.王国
20. adj.极其重要的,必不可少的
brilliant
demonstrate
analysis
rank
church
universe
prison
abandon
owe
shadow
kingdom
vital
识记阅读词汇
21.objective n.
adj.
22.well-rounded adj.
23.cognition n.
24.core adj.
25.integrity n.
26.Latin n.
目的,目标
客观的
多面的,全面的
认识,认知
核心的
正直,诚实;完整
拉丁语
27.uncritically adv.
28.definition n.
29.respectively adv.
30.priority n.
31.initiative n.
32.autonomous adj.
33.royal adj.
34.primitive adj.
35.mankind n.
无鉴别力地;不加批评地
定义,释义
各自地
优先处理的事;优先权
主动性
自主的;自治的
皇家的;王室的
原始的
人类
串记拓展词汇
36.criticise vt.批评;评论→ adj.批评的,批判的
37. adj.文明的,有礼貌的;公民的
→civilise v.使文明→civilisation n.文明
38. adj.道德(上)的→morally adv.道德(上)地
39.acquire v.获得;习得→ n.获得,习得
40. vi.& vt.奉献,捐献→contribution n.捐献;贡献;投稿
41. n.金融;财政→financial adj.财政的;金融的
42. vt.使接触;使体验;使暴露;揭露
→exposed adj.暴露的→exposure n.暴露
critical
civil
moral
acquisition
contribute
finance
expose
43.surround vt.包围;围绕→ adj.四周的,附近的
→surroundings n.(复数)周围的事物;环境
44.judge v.判断;评价;判决→ n.判断力;意见,评价;判决
45. vi.表现→behaviour n.行为;举止;习性
46.conclude v.得出结论;结束→ n.结论
47.responsible adj.负责任的,有责任的→ n.责任
48. vt.评价→assessment n.评定;估价
49. adj.显然的,明显的;易理解的
→obviously adv.显然,显而易见地
50.efficient adj.效率高的→ adj.效率低的
51.worth adj.(指行动)值得,有价值
n.价值→ adj.有价值的;值得尊敬的
surrounding
judgement
behave
conclusion
responsibility
assess
obvious
inefficient
worthy
52. vt.赞成;赞许;批准→approval n.赞成,同意
→approving adj.赞成的,同意的→disapprove v.不赞成,不同意
53. vt.强烈要求;敦促→urgent adj.紧急的;急迫的
→urgency n.紧急
54.assume vt.假定;设想→ n.假定,假设
55.respect vt.尊敬;尊重→ adj.受尊敬的,受敬重的
56.wise adj.聪明的;明智的→ n.智慧
57.convention n.传统→ adj.守旧的;传统的
→conventionally adv.传统地
58.benefit v.使受益;得益于→ adj.有利的,有帮助的
approve
urge
assumption
respected
wisdom
conventional
beneficial
【掌握构词规律 快速记牢单词】
名词加-al转化成形容词。例如:
critic→critical批评的,批判的
nation→national国家的
politics→political政治的
profession→professional专业的,职业的
interaction→interactional相互作用的
重点短语
1. 使顿悟,猛醒
2. 使某人暴露在……
3. 敦促某人做某事
4. 作出假设
5. 将……归功于某人
6. 最后
give insight into
expose sb to...
urge sb to do sth
make an assumption
owe...to sb
in conclusion
7. 不管;不顾
8. 为……做出贡献
9. 往往会做某事
10. 赞成,认可,承认
11. 对……有益处
12. 提出
regardless of
make contributions to...
tend to do sth
approve of
be beneficial to
put forward
要点探究 能力素养全提升
基础词汇——语境记忆
1.objective n.目的,目标 adj.客观的
【佳句背诵】As far as I’m concerned,winning is not the prime objective in this sport.[议论文]
在我看来,获胜不是这项体育运动的主要目的。
2.initiative n.主动性
【佳句背诵】Take the initiative,and you’ll be rewarded.[建议信]
采取主动,你就会有所收获。
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.contribute vi.& vt.奉献,捐献
(1)contribute (sth) to...向……捐赠/投稿(某物);有助于;促成,导致
(2)contribution n.捐献;贡献;投稿
make a contribution to (doing) sth 对(做)某事做出贡献
【佳句背诵】Their contribution was of great worth.[人物介绍]
他们的贡献具有伟大的意义。
The doctor makes a great contribution to the research.[人物介绍]
这位医生对这项研究做出了巨大的贡献。
【温馨提示】
(1)contribute to中的to是介词,后接名词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
(2)表示“引起;导致”的表达还有:cause,lead to,result in,bring about等。
【即学即练】单句写作/句型转换
(1)许多因素导致了他的失败。
Many factors his failure.
(2)这本书引起了人们的极大兴趣和争论。
The book ________ ________ ________ and argument.
(3)我认为这件事不会有什么好结果。
I don’t think it will a good result.
(4)Less exercise leads to his bad health.
→Less exercise __________ ________ his bad health.
contribute to
caused great interest
contribute to
contribute to
(5)He donated a lot to the disaster-hit area.
→He a lot the disaster-hit area.
(6)The scientist contributes a lot to the public health.
→The scientist ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ the public health.
(7)What brought about the failure of the business
→What ___________ ________ the failure of the business
contributed
to
makes a great contribution to
contributed to
2.expose vt.使接触;使体验;使暴露;揭露
(1)expose sb to sth 让某人接触/体验某事物
expose...to...使……面临/遭受(危险或不快)
(2)exposed adj.暴露的
be exposed to...暴露于……;处于……危险中
(3)exposure n.暴露
【佳句背诵】After only a short exposure to sunlight,I began to turn red.[求助信]
我在阳光下只晒了一会儿,皮肤就开始变红了。
Don’t expose your skin to direct sunlight,or you’ll get sunburnt.[建议信]
别让皮肤直接暴露在太阳下,不然你会晒伤的。
If exposed to the outside surroundings,they’ll be stronger.[建议信]
如果暴露于外部环境中,他们将变得更加强壮。
Some people think we shouldn’t expose the children to computer games.[议论文]
一些人认为,我们不应该让孩子们接触电脑游戏。
【温馨提示】
在expose...to...以及be exposed to结构中,to为介词,其后要用名词、代词或动词-ing 形式。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/语境辨义
(1)The workers are exposed unacceptably high levels of radiation.
(2)The soil was washed away by the flood, (expose) bare rock.
(3)________ ________ (expose) to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.
(4)Long (expose) to noisy surroundings may result in some physical and mental problems.
(5)When he smiled,he exposed a set of perfect white teeth.
(6)She was exposed as a liar and a fraud.
(7)We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.
to
exposing
Being exposed
exposure
露出
揭露
使接触
3.surrounding adj.四周的,附近的
(1)surround vt.包围;围绕
surround...with...用……包围/围绕……
be surrounded with/by...被……包围/环绕……
(2)surroundings n.(复数)周围的事物;环境
【佳句背诵】Some countries are surrounded with/by dangers.[议论文]
一些国家危机四伏。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)The (surround) villages have been absorbed into the growing city.
(2)Some insects take on the colour of their (surround) to protect themselves.
(3)Mrs Smith found her husband surrounded letters and papers and looking very worried.
(4)她被问问题的学生围住了。
She _______ __________ ________ _________asking questions.
surrounding
surroundings
by/with
was surrounded by/with students
(5)汤姆下午在附近的山上远足。
Tom spent the afternoon hiking ______ ________ ___________ ________.
(6)消防队员包围了这栋熊熊燃烧的建筑物。
The firemen __________ ________ ________ ________.
(7)她面对着一份全新的工作,周围是陌生的环境和陌生的人。
She was faced with a new job,in with strange people.
in the surrounding hills
surrounded the burning building
unfamiliar surroundings
4.behave v.表现;表现得体
(1)behave well/badly to/towards sb 对待某人好/差
behave oneself 守规矩;表现得体
(2)behaviour n.行为;举止;习性
【佳句背诵】His behaviour shows his lack of consideration for others.[人物描写]
他的行为表明他不关心别人。
Please behave well to/towards the guests.[建议信]
请礼貌对待客人。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)The child so well in class that the teacher praised his good
in front of others.(behave)
(2)It’s time for somebody to teach you to behave (you).
(3)Don’t be so rude;it isn’t a nice way to behave badly your aunt!
(4)Parents should educate their children to behave (good).
behaved
behaviour
yourself
to/towards
well
5.regardless of 不管;不顾
(1)regard...as...将……看作……
(2)despite/in spite of 尽管(其后常接名词,不接从句)
【佳句背诵】We all regarded him as a hero.[人物介绍]
我们都把他看作英雄。
In spite of/Despite her terrible illness,she worked hard and succeeded in the scientific research field.[人物介绍]
尽管她病得厉害,但是她还是勤奋工作,并在科研领域取得了成功。
【温馨提示】
regardless of强调“不认为……重要”,从而不加以重视或考虑,其后可接whether,what引导的名词性从句。
【即学即练】单句写作/句型转换
(1)尽管天气不好,但运动会还会准时举行。
The sports meeting will be held on time ________ ________ ______ _______ ________ _________.
(2)法律要求人人平等,不管种族或性别。
The law requires equal treatment for all,__________ ____ _____ ___ ____.
(3)Even though it is raining,we’ll start off in time.
→We’ll start off in time __________ ________ the fact that it is raining.
in spite of the
bad weather
regardless of race or sex
regardless of
6.in conclusion最后,总之
(1)conclusion n.结束;结论
come to/draw/reach/get to/arrive at the conclusion that...得出……的结论
bring...to a conclusion 使……结束
(2)conclude v.结束
conclude sth with sth 以……结束……
【佳句背诵】I’ve come to/arrived at/drawn/reached/got to the conclusion that I’m the right person for the job.[求职信]
我得出结论,我适合做这项工作。
We will conclude the concert with the national anthem.[活动介绍]
我们将以国歌结束音乐会。
【温馨提示】
表示“总而言之”的其他表达还有:in short,in brief,in a word,all in all,to sum up,briefly (speaking),on the whole等。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)They brought the discussion to conclusion an hour later.
(2) short,there are many easy ways of keeping fit.
(3)All all,we have a good time.
(4)He ___________ ________ ________ ___________(得出结论) that the machine was out of order.
(5)Perhaps I ought to ________ ________ ________ ________(以……结束这场演讲) a slightly light-hearted question.
(6) (总之),people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage.
a
In
in
came to the conclusion
conclude the lecture with
In conclusion/short/brief
7.responsibility n.责任
(1)have/take/bear responsibility for...对……负责,负责……
it’s one’s responsibility to do sth 做某事是某人的职责
(2)responsible adj.负责任的,有责任的
be responsible for sth 对某事负责任
【佳句背诵】The children are responsible for cleaning their own rooms.[活动介绍]
孩子们负责清扫自己的房间。
He was responsible for the activity.[活动介绍]
他负责此次活动。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作/句型转换
(1)I am partly responsible the confusion.
(2)It’s my (responsible) to take good care of my family.
(3)你应对自己的行为负责。
You should ________ ____________ ________ your own behaviour.
(4)根据计划,你将对项目承担全部的责任。
According to the plan,you’ll have to _____________ _____ ______________ ________the project.
(5)She must take the responsibility for the company after her husband died.
→She must _____ ___________ ______ the company after her husband died.
for
responsibility
be responsible for
have/take/bear full responsibility
for
be responsible for
8.assess vt.评价;估价;估计,评估
(1)assess sth at...估价……为……
(2)assessment n.评定;估价
make an assessment of 评估
【佳句背诵】It’s difficult to make an assessment of the effects of these changes.[议论文]
这些变化带来的影响难以评估。
【即学即练】语境辨义/单句写作
(1)We are trying to assess how well the system works.
(2)Damage to the building was assessed at ￡40,000.
(3)这条项链估价为一万元。
The necklace ______ _________ ________ 10,000 yuan.
(4)他目前在关注评估和发展。
He is currently focusing on ___________ ______ ____________.
评估
估价
is assessed at
assessment and development
9.worthy adj.有价值的;值得尊敬的
(2)worth adj.(指行动)值得,有价值 n.价值
be worth doing值得被做
(3)worthwhile adj.重要的;令人愉快的;有趣的;值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)的
it is worthwhile doing/to do sth值得(花时间或花钱、努力等)做某事
【佳句背诵】Your research project is of great worth.[感谢信]
你的研究项目很有价值。
I’m trying to find a worthwhile job.[求职信]
我正试图去找一份值得做的工作。
Your efforts are worthy of our praise.[感谢信]
你的努力值得我们的赞扬。
Now that you are interested in traditional Chinese culture,I think this festival is well worthy of being experienced/to be experienced.
=Now that you are interested in traditional Chinese culture,I think this festival is well worth experiencing.[推荐信]
既然你对传统的中国文化感兴趣,我认为这个节日很值得你体验。
【即学即练】选词填空:worthwhile,worth,worthy/句型转换/一句多译
(1)The film is so moving that it is seeing again.
(2)His achievements are of record.
(3)It is to include really high-quality illustrations.
(4)The question is not worth discussing.
→The question is not ________ ________ ________ __________.
这座古建筑值得保护。
→(5) (worth)
→(6) (worthy)
worth
worthy
worthwhile
worthy of being discussed
The old building is worth protecting.
The old building is worthy of being protected/to be protected.
10.approve v.赞成;赞许;批准
(1)approval n.赞成,同意
with one’s approval 经某人同意
without (one’s) approval 未经(某人)许可
(2)approving adj.赞成的,同意的
(3)disapprove v.不赞成,不同意
approve/disapprove of sb/sth 赞成/不赞成某人/某事
【佳句背诵】His mother leaned forward and gave him an approving look.[人物描写]
他的母亲探身向前,对他投以赞许的目光。
Some people disapprove of the idea.[议论文]
有些人不赞成这个主意。
I can hardly approve of this argument.[议论文]
我很难赞成这个论点。
You may not decorate the flat without the landlord’s approval.[建议信]
未经房东同意,你不可以装修公寓。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Step-parents need to win a child’s (approve).
(2)We can’t approve things of this sort.
(3)我女儿不赞成我到这里来。
My daughter doesn’t __________ ________ me/my coming here.
(4)我们取得父母同意后去参加聚会。
We went to the party ________ ________ _________ ________.
(5)你的决定很好,我赞同它。
Your decision is good,and ________ ________ ________ ________.
approval
of
approve of
with our parents’ approval
I approve of it
11.urge vt.强烈要求;敦促
(1)urge sb to do sth 敦促某人做某事
urge sb on 激励/鼓励某人
urge that...(should) do...敦促……
(2)urgent adj.紧急的;急迫的
(3)urgency n.紧急
【佳句背诵】He says the matter is urgent.[人物描写]
他说这件事很紧急。
He urged me to go there,but I refused.[人物描写]
他力劝我去那里,但我拒绝了。
She urged me on as I run past.[人物描写]
她在我跑过去时鼓励了我。
Students urged that the library (should) be kept open during the weekends.
[建议信]
学生们极力主张图书馆周末开放。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/一句多译
(1)They urged that the Science Museum (keep) open during the vacation.
(2)He urged me (accept) his suggestion.
(3)We should constantly urge ourselves (study) hard.
(4)I am sorry to burst in on you like this,but I have an (urge) message.
(5)In case of (urge),call the police.
他要求我们立即采取行动。
→(6)
→(7) (that从句)
(should) be kept
to accept
to study
urgent
urgency
He urged us to take immediate action.
He urged that we (should) take immediate action.
12.owe...to...有……是由于;把……归功于
(1)owe v.亏欠;欠债;归功于;感恩
owe sb sth=owe sth to sb 欠某人某物
(2)owing to 因为;由于
【佳句背诵】She still owes ￡3,000 to her father.[人物描写]
她还欠她爸爸3 000英镑。
Thanks for sticking up for me.I owe you a favour.[感谢信]
谢谢你支持我。我欠你一个人情。
Owing to the bad weather,the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.[活动介绍]
由于天气恶劣,航班延误了好几个小时。
【温馨提示】
如果owe的宾语是动词不定式或名词性从句,可使用owe it to sb to do/that...结构。
We owe it to society to make our country a better place.
把我们的国家建设得更美好是我们对社会应尽的责任。
【即学即练】语境辨义/单句写作
(1)I owe my wife and children a lot.
(2)We owe this discovery to Newton.
(3)You can take your time to pay the debts you owe me.
(4)不管怎样,你该给父母写封信了。
You ________ ________ ________ _______ ________anyway.
(5)多亏你,我才得以及时完成这个项目。
I ________ ______ ______ _______ _______ I finished the project in time.
亏欠
把……归功于
欠债
owe your parents a letter
owe it to you that
多义词汇——自主练透
Ⅰ.一词多义
rank
A.v.属于某等级 B.n.行;排 C.v.把……分等级 D.n.等级
1.People have put Qian Zhongshu in the top rank of modern novelists.
2.Take the taxi at the head of the rank.
3.During the spread of the epidemic,our town ranks among the safest areas.
4.Since the 1930s,cancer has always been ranked as the disease people are most concerned about.
D
B
A
C
Ⅱ.教材熟词生义
objective
项目 意义 例句
熟义 adj. I believe that a journalist should be completely objective.
生义 n. In this sentence,reading is used as the objective.
n. Managers should set specific performance objectives for their teams.
客观的
宾语
目标,目的
重点句式——多维剖析
1.it作形式主语
【教材原句】It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.
现在看来,我们如何获得知识和理解是显而易见的。
(1)此句中,It作形式主语,后面how引导的从句为真正的主语。
(2)it作形式主语的句型还有:
①it+be+形容词(possible,strange,natural,important...)+that从句
②it+be+动词的过去分词(said,thought,believed,supposed,reported...)+that从句
③it+不及物动词(seem,occur,happen...)+that从句
④it+be+名词短语(a pity,a fact,a wonder,an honour,an idea,no wonder...)+that从句
【佳句背诵】It is strange that nobody knows where he has gone.[人物描写]
很奇怪,没有人知道他去哪儿了。
It is reported that the fall of the landslide has caused two hundred deaths.[活动介绍]
据报道,山体滑坡已致200人死亡。
It happened that we were all out that day.[活动介绍]
碰巧,那天我们都不在家。
It is a pity that you didn’t attend the party last night.[邀请信]
很遗憾,你昨天晚上没有参加聚会。
【即学即练】单句写作/句型转换
(1)据说,海盗把他们的财宝藏在了这个岛上。
the pirates buried their treasure on this island.
(2)多阅读对你来说似乎是个好主意。
It ________ ________ ________ a good idea that you do more reading.
(3)Obviously,he doesn’t want to spend too much money.
→______ _____ ________ _______he doesn’t want to spend too much money.
It is said that
seems to be
It is obvious that
(4)That our team has won the game is no surprise.
→____ _____ _____ __________ ______our team has won the game.
(5)That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us.
→_____ ______ ________ _________ ________ ________ ________we are invited to a concert this evening.
It is no surprise that
It is good news to us that
2.with复合结构
【教材原句】At that time,people believed more in the church than in facts,and people like Galileo Galilei (1564—1642),who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”,were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.
当时,人们更相信教会而不是事实,像伽利略·伽利莱(1564—1642)这样证明了“地球不是宇宙的中心”观点的人,经常被教会惩罚,没有人为他们辩护。
(1)这是由并列连词and连接的并列句。后面句子的主语是people,谓语是were punished,like介词短语作定语修饰主语people,who引导非限制性定语从句修饰Galileo Galilei,with no one coming to their defence 是“with+名词+doing”的形式,在句中作状语。
(2)with复合结构由“with+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。
(3)用作宾语补足语的常有形容词、副词、名词、介词短语和非谓语动词。
【佳句背诵】She likes to sleep with the windows open.[人物描写]
她喜欢开着窗户睡觉。(形容词作宾语补足语)
He left the classroom with the lights on.[活动描写]
他开着灯离开了教室。(副词作宾语补足语)
He died with his daughter a schoolgirl.[人物介绍]
他去世时,他的女儿还是个学生。(名词作宾语补足语)
Don’t stand with your hands in your pockets.[建议信]
站着的时候别把双手插在口袋里。(介词短语作宾语补足语)
With everything done,we went home.[活动介绍]
把所有的事做完以后,我们就回家了。(过去分词作宾语补足语)
With so much homework to do,he had to stay at home.[活动描写]
有如此多的作业要做,他不得不留在家里。(不定式作宾语补足语)
【即学即练】单句语法填空/句型转换
(1)With everything (do),he slept the whole afternoon.
(2)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog
(follow) them.
(3)John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work (finish),
he gladly accepted it.
(4)I could hardly put my heart into my lessons with that noise (go) on outside.
(5)You have no idea how she finished the race with her foot (wound) so much.
done
following
finished
going
wounded
(6)Because our lessons were over,we went to play football.
→________ ________ ________ ________,we went to play football.
(7)As time goes on,computers become smaller and smaller.
→________ ________ ________ ________,computers become smaller and smaller.
With our lessons over
With time going on
3.even though引导让步状语从句
【教材原句】But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him,he was wrong at times.
但是,尽管亚里士多德是一个伟大的人,激励了他之后的许多伟大的科学家和哲学家,他有时也有错。
(1)even if=even though,引导让步状语从句。当主句为一般将来时态时,even if/though引导的让步状语从句应用一般现在时态。
(2)as if/as though表示“好像”,引导方式状语从句或表语从句,引导表语从句时经常用虚拟语气。
【佳句背诵】Even if we know it’s nearly impossible that we’ll beat them,we will still struggle for it.[活动描写]
即使我们知道赢他们几乎是不可能的,但我们仍将为之奋斗。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Even if something unexpected (happen),I’ll never feel frustrated.
(2)My grandfather,who is already aged sixty,plays tennis as though he
(be) eighteen years old.
(3)因此,即使今天的排放量开始减少,我们仍将面临适应气候变化的挑战。
So ________ ________________ emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change.
happens
were
even if/though
