(共85张PPT)
素养导航 明目标
语言
能力 必背
单词
重点
短语
conservation destroy threat switch hunt
extinct urgent species varied decrease
affect endangered consumer aware anxious
destruction annoyed anger decade regular
suit involve cruel claim chemical
carve scenic historic
have a role do one’s part die out wipe out
be to blame be at risk set out stressed out
be related to for instance sum up
语言
能力 核心语法 限制性和非限制性定语从句
主题写作 观点对比类作文
文化
意识 了解环境保护的特点和健全措施
学会识别和实施环境保护措施
思维
品质 用科学的方式分析环境保护的特点
运用适当的方法解决本单元的学习问题
结合现实生活,体会应该怎样保护环境
学习
能力 熟练运用本单元的词汇及语言现象
根据单元内容适当调整学习策略
学会如何正确对待环境保护
Part 1 Reading comprehension
Part 2 Language points
目录索引
Part 3 Grammar
Part 1 Reading comprehension
第一步速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1 What is the text type of the passage
A.Narration (记叙文).
B.Argumentative Essay (议论文).
C.Expository Writing (说明文).
D.News Report (新闻报道).
答案 C
Activity 2 阅读文章,完成表格。
including
vary
blame
faster
affected
balance
way
work
Improve
Stop
第二步精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3 阅读文章,选出最佳选项。
1.What is one of the reasons for extinction
A.Sleep of volcanoes.
B.Changes in sea levels.
C.The increase of the oxygen.
D.The decrease in temperature.
答案 B
2.What are scientists mainly concerned about as to species’ dying out
A.Ages. B.Ways.
C.Numbers. D.Rates.
3.Why would we humans be at risk of dying out if 75% of all species on Earth die out
A.We will have no clean air or water.
B.We will kill all species for food.
C.We will have no factory farming.
D.We will kill one another for water.
答案 D
答案 A
4.How can we avoid the sixth extinction
A.By producing more species.
B.By stopping destroying the planet.
C.By taking action to protect ourselves.
D.By moving to another planet immediately.
答案 B
Activity 4 思考分享 提升思维
1.Do you know any other extinct animals
2.What should we do to protect our environment
The answer is open.
The answer is open.
Activity 5 诵读佳句 学练写作
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing facts.
(1)In fact,over 90 percent of all species that ever lived are now extinct.
(2)These include the third mas extinction,known as the “Great Dying”,which killed 90% to 96% of all species.
(3)They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal.
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences that describe the reasons why so many species are dying out.
(1)There is a long list of reasons why so many species are dying out: air and water pollution,forests being destroyed,factory farming and overfishing.
(2)Without forests,we would have no air to breathe,and without clean water we would be unable to survive.
第三步深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6 课文语篇填空
In the last 500 million years,there have been five times 1. life on Earth has almost ended.Many 2. (scientist) say we are now entering the Earth’s sixth mass extinction.There is 3. long list of reasons why so many species 4. (die) out.This time,human activity will be 5. (blame) because human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times 6. (fast) than normal and has
7. (negative) affected all other species on Earth,including animals and plants.If a sixth mass extinction 8. (occur),we
when
scientists
a
are dying
to blame
faster
negatively
occurs
would also be 9. risk of dying out as our world and our lives depend on the balance in nature between animals and plants.In order to stop the sixth extinction,we need to take steps to stop 10. (destroy) the planet that we live on and start to protect it.
at
destroying
Activity 7 长难句分析
1.These include the third mass extinction,known as the“Great Dying”,which killed 90% to 96% of all species.
[句式分析]
These include the third mass extinction,known as the “Great Dying”,which killed 90% to 96% of all species.
过去分词短语作后置定语
引导非限制性定语从句
[尝试翻译]
这其中包括被称为“大灭绝”的第三次灭绝,那期间90%至96%的物种都灭亡了。
2.If a sixth mass extinction occurs,scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out.
[句式分析]
If a sixth mass extinction occurs,scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out.
引导条件状语从句
引导定语从句
引导宾语从句
[尝试翻译]
研究该问题的科学家们相信,如果发生第六次大灭绝,地球上多达四分之三的物种可能会灭绝。
Part 2 Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
重点单词
必记写作词汇
1. n.保护
2. vi.& vt.再利用,回收利用
3. vi.& vt.转换,改变
4. adv.非常地,极端地
5. n.物种,种
6. vt.擦;拭
7. adj.异常的;不平常的
conservation
recycle
switch
incredibly
species
wipe
unusual
8. adj.各种各样的,形形色色的
9. vi.& vt.减少
n.减少;减少的量
10. vt.责怪,指责
11. adj.濒危的
12. vt.(使) 恢复
varied
decrease
blame
endangered
restore
识记阅读词汇
1.plastic adj.
2.mining n.
3.item n.
4.unrecyclable adj.
5.informative adj.
6.horn n.
7.mass adj.
8.solar adj.
9.hatch vi.& vt.
塑料制的
采矿业
一项,一条
不可回收的
有教育意义的;知识性强的
(牛、羊等头上的)角
大量的
太阳光(能)的
(使)孵化
串记拓展词汇
1. vt.破坏;毁掉→ n.破坏;毁灭
2. n.威胁;(灾难等坏事)发生的可能→ vt.威胁,吓唬→ adj.吓人的→ adj.受到威胁的
3. adv.非法地,违法地→ adj.非法的,违法的→ adj.合法的,法律的→ adv.合法地,法律地
4. vi.& vt.猎取,猎杀→ n.猎手,打猎人
destroy
destruction
threat
threaten
threatening
threatened
illegally
illegal
legal
legally
hunt
hunter
5. adj.灭绝的,绝种的→ n.灭绝
6. adj.紧急的,急迫的→ adv.紧急地,急迫地→ n.紧急情况
7. vt.影响→ adj.感情的;表达感情的;由感情引起的→ adj.动人的,感人的→ n.影响;效果
extinct
extinction
urgent
urgently
urgency
affect
affective
affecting
effect
【掌握构词规律 快速记牢单词】
①形容词转换为副词时,一般情况下形容词后直接加ly,例如:
quick→quickly 迅速地
apparent→apparently显然
②以辅音字母加e结尾的形容词变副词时,一般去e加y,例如:
simple→simply仅仅;只有
horrible →horribly可怕地;非常地
重点短语
1. 起某种作用
2. 尽自己的职责
3. 消失;绝迹,灭绝
4. 处境危险,受到威胁
5.wipe out
6.be to blame
have a role
do one’s part
die out
be at risk
彻底毁灭
(对某事)负有责任
要点探究 能力素养全提升
、
基础词汇——语境记忆
1.conservation n.保护
【佳句背诵】The benefits of conservation are both financial and aesthetic.[环境保护]
保护自然环境在经济上和美化环境上都有好处。
2.recycle vi.& vt.再利用,回收利用
【佳句背诵】By doing our best to recycle waste,we can reduce pollution and conserve natural resources.[环境保护]
通过尽最大努力回收废旧物品,我们可以减少污染,保护自然资源。
.、
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.destroy vt.破坏;毁掉
(1)destroy sb 毁掉某人(的一生)
be destroyed by fire 被大火烧毁
(2)destruction n.破坏,毁坏
destroyer n.破坏者;起破坏作用的东西
【佳句背诵】Many animals will be in danger because of the destruction of the environment.[动物保护]
因为环境的破坏,许多动物将处于危险之中。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)The building was completely (destroy) by fire.
(2)这些物种的破坏会妨碍研究人员找到治疗某些疾病的方法。
__________ _________ _________ _________ could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.
(3)那所医学院的附属医院在洪水中被摧毁了。
The hospital attached to the medical college in the flood.
(4)该公司是世界上最大的热带森林破坏者。
The company is the world’s of tropical forests.
destroyed
The destruction of such species
was destroyed
largest destroyer
2.threat n.威胁;(灾难等坏事)发生的可能
(1)a threat to sb/sth 对某人/某物构成威胁
(2)threaten v.威胁
threaten sb (with sth) (用某物)威胁某人
threaten to do sth 恐吓要做某事
(3)threatened adj.受到威胁的
【佳句背诵】However,others are in favour of the inclusion because it is hard to say whether it will threaten the Chinese language.[语言学习]
但是,其他人赞成收录(英语单词),因为很难说这是否会威胁到汉语。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Drugs pose major threat to our society.
(2)那个农场主威胁说,无论哪条狗,如果咬死他的一只羊,他就要开枪打死它。
The farmer ___________ _________ _________ _________ _________ that killed one of his sheep.
(3)污染对这一物种的继续生存造成了威胁。
Pollution is ________ _________ _________the continued existence of this species.
a
threatened to shoot any dog
a threat to
(4)尽管有战争的威胁,人们仍像平时一样工作。
Despite ,people went about their work as usual.
the threat of war
3.switch vi.& vt.转换,改变 n.开关;转换
switch on 接通,打开
switch off...(=turn off...) 把……关掉,关上
switch over (to sth) 转换频道;转变
switch (from sth) to... 从……转变到……
switch roles 转换角色
switch A with B 把A与B交换
【佳句背诵】Please make sure all the mobile phones are switched off during the performance.[通知告示]
请确保演出时所有手机关闭。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)The law would encourage companies to switch coal ______ cleaner fuels.
(2)夜间请务必将所有的灯关掉。
Please make sure that all the lights ________ ______________ _________ at night.
(3)五年后,父亲改行教书了。
Five years later,Father __________ ___________ _________ teaching.
from
to
are switched/turned off
switched over to
4.have a role 起某种作用;充当角色
do one’s part 尽自己的职责
play an important role/part in... 在……中起重要作用/担任重要角色
play the role of sb=play/act the part of sb (在剧中)扮演……角色
play the leading role 起带头/主要作用
for my part 至于我,对我来说
on one’s part 由某人做出;就某人而言
take part in... 参加……,参与……活动
【佳句背诵】He has played an important part/role in carrying through the whole plan.[人物介绍]
他在整个计划的实行中扮演了重要的角色。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Everyone had role in the show’s success.
(2)在维护世界和平方面,中国正在起着越来越重要的作用。
China _____ ___________ __________ ______________ _____________ __________ ________safeguarding world peace.
a
is playing an increasingly important
part/role in
(3)他在上周的戏剧中扮演了哈姆雷特。
He played ________ ____________ _________ Hamlet in the play last week.
(4)媒体在影响人们的观念方面起着很重要的作用。
The media ________ _________ _________ __________ ___________in influencing people’s opinions.
(5)对我来说,我们到哪儿吃饭都无所谓。
, I don’t mind where we eat.
the role/part of
plays a very important role/part
For my part
5.hunt vi.& vt.猎取,猎杀;搜索;驱赶 n.狩猎;追捕;搜寻
hunt after 追猎(某动物);追逐(某物)
hunt for 寻找某人/某物
hunt up (在报纸上、书上等)找到(资料等)
【佳句背诵】Do you approve of hunting after foxes [动物保护]
你赞成猎捕狐狸吗
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)He has been (hunt) for a job.
(2)你必须在字典里查找这个字。
You’ll have to the word in the dictionary.
(3)很多人一生追逐名利,但总是不能成功。
Many people fame in their lives but never find it.
(4)整个街区的人都在寻找那个失踪的孩子。
The whole neighbourhood have been the missing child.
hunting
hunt up
hunt after
hunting for
6.urgent adj.紧急的,急迫的;坚持要求的
(1)urge vt.催促;极力主张 n.强烈的欲望、冲动,迫切的要求
urge sb to do sth/urge sb into doing sth 催促/敦促某人做某事
urge that/It is urged that... 坚决主张……(用虚拟语气)
have/feel an urge to do sth 渴望做某事;有做某事的冲动/欲望
satisfy an urge 满足欲望
(2)urgency n.紧急;急事;催促
urgently adv.紧急地,急迫地
【佳句背诵】They urged that the library(should) be kept open during the vacation.[学校生活]
他们要求图书馆假期开放。
【即学即练】用urge的适当形式填空/单句写作
(1)I will not use my savings unless a matter of happens.
(2)Many people in the earthquake-stricken area are in need of food and water.
(3)The two countries to put an end to the war,which had lasted over 5 years and caused great suffering and losses.
urgency
urgent
were urged
(4)爸爸不停地督促我在结冰的路上开车要谨慎。
Father kept ________ _________ _________ _________carefully on the icy roads.
(5)我害怕那个男孩,很想从他身边跑开。
I was afraid of the boy and I ________ _________ _________ to run away from him.
urging me to drive
had an urge
7.wipe out 彻底毁灭
wipe vt.擦;拭;抹掉
wipe...with... 用……擦……
wipe sth away/off/up 擦掉/擦净某物
wipe sth off/from... 把某物从……处擦掉(消除掉)
wipe sth from/off one’s mind/memory 有意忘记某事物
【佳句背诵】Doctors are searching for a cure that will wipe out cancer.[医疗健康]
医生们正在寻找消灭癌症的医疗方法。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)I like to wipe the windows a very soft cloth.
(2)这些措施将有助于在农村地区消灭贫困。
These measures will help to ________ _________ _________ in rural areas.
(3)她弯下腰,用一块干布把鞋上的泥土擦掉了。
She bent down and ________ _________ _________ ________ _________ _________ using a dry cloth.
(4)我几次想把它忘掉,但就是做不到。
I tried several times to ________ _________ _________ ________ ________________,but I just couldn’t.
with
wipe out poverty
wiped the dirt off/from her
shoes
wipe it off/from my
mind/memory
8.varied adj.各种各样的,形形色色的
(1)variety n.多种样式;不同种类;多变性
a variety of styles 各种风格
variety in one’s lifestyle 某人生活方式的多样化
(2)vary vi.& vt.变化,改变
various adj.各种各样的;多方面的(=a variety of)
【佳句背诵】Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu.[饮食生活]
餐馆可以在菜单上提供各种食物的同时提供音乐的选择。
【名师点津】(1)表示“多种多样”的表达还有:
all sorts of
all kinds of
many types of
(2)variety作“种类,品种”讲时为可数名词,作“多样化”讲时为不可数名词。
(3)“a variety of +复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数;“the variety of +复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
【即学即练】用vary的适当形式填空/单句写作
(1)Susan’s idea of freedom was to have in her lifestyle.
(2)The island offers such a wide of scenery and wildlife.
(3)It is essential that your diet is and balanced.
(4)在中国,户外活动种类繁多,颇具吸引力。
Outdoor activities and tempting in China.
variety
variety
varied
are varied
9.decrease n.减少;减少的量 vi.& vt.减少
decrease in... 在……减少
decrease to+数字 下降到……
decrease by+分数、百分数或其他表示数量的词 下降了……
【佳句背诵】So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today,we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change.[环境保护]
因此,即使今天的排放量开始减少,我们仍然要面对适应气候变化的挑战。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)It has been reported that the exports of that company have ___________ (decrease) by 3%.
(2)The number of new students (减少到) 800 this year.
(3)The price of wheat has (降低了) 10%.
(4)There has been (下降) in population.
decreased
decreases to
decreased by
a decrease
10.blame vt.责怪,指责
(1)be to blame (for sth) 应该为(某事)负责任,应该(为某事)受责备
blame sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于某人/某事
blame sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事而责备某人
(2)blame n.过失;责备
put/lay/place the blame (for sth) on sb (把某事)归咎于某人
【佳句背诵】We tend to blame TV, he says, for problems it doesn’t really cause,overlooking our own roles in shaping children’s minds.[家庭教育]
他说,我们倾向于把责任归咎于并非真正原因的电视,而忽略了我们自己在塑造孩子思想上产生的影响。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)She blamed her parents the failure of her marriage.
(2)老师因那个学生犯了如此愚蠢的错误而责怪他。
The teacher ________ _________ _________ _________making such silly mistakes.
(3)是那位教授而不是他的助理们应对实验室里所发生的事情负责。
It was the professor rather than his assistants who ________ _________ _________ for what had happened in the lab.
(4)健康专家们把这种疾病的传播归咎于恶劣的居住条件。
Health experts ________ _________ _________ the spread of the disease on poor housing conditions.
for
blamed the student for
was to
blame
put/lay/place the blame for
(5)失败要怪你自己,不是其他任何人的错。
It is you yourself who ________ _________ _________ for the failure.It’s not the fault of anyone else.
are to blame
11.die out 消失;绝迹,灭绝
die away (声音等)逐渐消失
die off (一群生物)相继死去
die down (慢慢地)熄灭;平息下来
【佳句背诵】In fact,half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century,according to the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).[语言文化]
实际上,根据联合国教科文组织报告,到下个世纪,世界上现有使用的6000~7000种语言中有一半将可能消失。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)All his anger died .
(2)我们再也看不到这种动物了,或许它已经灭绝了。
We no longer see this animal—maybe it has .
(3)汽车的响声消失在远处。
The sound of the car in the distance.
(4)尽管风停了,但是雨还在下,因此你仍需要带上一件雨衣。
Although the wind ,the rain remains steady,so you still need a raincoat.
down
died out
died away
has died down
12.affect vt.影响;感染;打动
(1)be affected by... 被……所打动/影响
(2)effect n.效果;作用;影响
have an effect on/upon... 对……有影响/效果
cause and effect 因果
in effect 事实上
come into effect 开始生效,开始实施
put/bring...into effect 实施……;使……生效
be of no effect 无效,没有作用,不中用
【佳句背诵】It not only affects our everyday life,but may also threaten people’s lives.[身体健康]
它不仅影响我们的日常生活,而且也可能威胁人们的生命。
【即学即练】用affect与effect的适当形式填空/单句写作
(1)In spite of all these differences,evidence shows that recent lifestyle changes may be French eating habits.
(2)What parents say and do has a lifelong on their children.
(3)The new tax law doesn’t me at all because I am still a student.
affecting
effect
affect
(4)实际上,唯一比我们思想速度快的就是我们健忘的速度。
,the only thing faster than the speed of our thoughts is the speed of our forgetfulness.
In effect
13.be at risk 处境危险,受到威胁
(1)risk vt.冒……的危险 n.冒险;危险的人或物;危险,风险
risk one’s life 冒着生命危险
risk doing sth 冒险做某事
reduce/increase the risk of 降低/增加……的风险
at the risk of doing sth 冒着做某事的危险
run/take the risk of doing sth 冒着做某事的风险
(2)risky adj.危险的;大胆的;冒险的
【佳句背诵】But Simon decided to risk his life to save the drowning child.[人物描写]
但是西蒙决定冒着生命危险去救那个溺水的小孩。
【名师点津】risk后面跟动词-ing形式作宾语。另外enjoy、finish、practise、avoid、mind、suggest、imagine、keep等动词也要用动词-ing形式作宾语,不能跟动词不定式。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)The disease is spreading, and all young children are risk.
(2)我不能得罪我的老板,因为我不能冒失去这份工作的风险。
I can’t annoy my boss because I won’t risk ________ _________ ________ .
(3)我是不会让你冒险的,毕竟,小心一点好,以免以后后悔。
I won’t let you ________ _________ _________ .After all,it is better to be safe than sorry.
(4)到户外晒晒太阳是有益的,但如果你晒太阳过度,你可能会有生命危险。
It’s nice to get out in the sun,but if you overdo it,you could put your life
.
at
losing my job
take such risks
at risk
(5)他们冒着失去生命的危险阻止了一次严重的铁路事故。
They prevented a serious railway accident _______ __________ _________ __________losing their own lives.
(6)如果不采取更加有力、更加有效的措施,空气污染会变得更严重,威胁到人们的健康。
Unless stronger and more effective measures are taken,the air pollution will get worse,putting people’s health _______ __________ .
at the risk
of
at risk
、
多义词汇——自主练透
Ⅰ.一词多义
restore
A.vt.恢复(某种情况或感受) B.vt.使复原;使复位 C.vt.归还(失物、赃款等)
①The police have now restored the painting to its rightful owner.
②We hope to restore the garden to its former glory.
③The measures are intended to restore public confidence in the economy.
C
B
A
Ⅱ.教材熟词生义
1.mass
项目 意义 例句
熟义 adj. Their latest product is aimed at the mass market.
生义 n. There were masses of dark clouds in the sky.
v. Shortly after the workers went on strike,police began to mass at the shipyard.
广泛的
团,块
集中,聚集
2.hunt
项目 意义 例句
熟义 v. Every morning,his father went hunting very early.
生义 v.________________________
________________________ I’ve hunted everywhere but I can’t find it.
v. Bruce tried to hunt his neighbour’s cats out of the garden.
n. The police are on the hunt for further clues.
打猎
搜索(某物或某人);试图找到(某物或某人)
赶走,驱逐(某物)
寻找;搜索
、
重点句式——多维剖析
1.倍数表达法
【教材原句】They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal.
他们发现,人类活动导致物种灭绝的速度是正常情况下的1000倍。
英语中常见的表示倍数的句型有以下五种:
(1)A is...times as long/wide/high/large/deep/...as B.
(2)A is...times longer/wider/higher/larger/deeper/...than B.
(3)A is...times the length/width/height/size/depth/...of B.
(4)A is...times+what从句.
(5)A has increased/decreased/reduced/gone up/risen by...times.
【佳句背诵】The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand.[科学技术]
研究人员发现,笔记本电脑用户记的笔记是那些手写者的两倍。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)This rope is more than five times the (long) of that one.
(2)亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。
Asia is ________ _________ _________ _________ ________ _________ _________ _________ _________ Europe.
length
our times as large as/four times
the area of
(3)这块大石头的重量是那块的三倍。
This big stone is __________________________________________that one.
(4)这个国家的新鲜蔬菜真贵。这些卷心菜花了我十美元,是在国内时的三倍。
Fresh vegetables in this country are expensive indeed.These cabbages cost me $10, as they do at home.
three times as heavy as/three times the weight of
three times as much
2.双重否定
【教材原句】Without forests,we would have no air to breathe,and without clean water we would be unable to survive.
没有森林,我们将没有空气呼吸,没有干净的水,我们将无法生存。
句中without和no构成双重否定,用以加强语气。without 还可以表示“如果没有”,用于虚拟语气,相当于but for。
【佳句背诵】Without his wartime experiences,Hemingway wouldn’t have written his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.[文学创作]
没有战时的经历的话,海明威就不可能写出《永别了,武器》这部名著。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)They never meet without (quarrel).
(2)没有水就没有生命。
There will be no life water.
(3)李先生,非常感谢你的支持和鼓励。我认为没有你的帮助我就不可能克服这个困难。
Thank you very much for your support and encouragement,Mr Li.I don’t think I can overcome the difficulty your help.
quarreling
without
without
Part 3 Grammar
语法冲关 语言规则全理清
情景导入
限制性和非限制性定语从句
阅读下面短文,体会句中黑体部分的用法。
It was the summer of 2012,when①I came to Guangning No.1 Senior High School.Our school is a wonderful place,where② I can see a lot of beautiful buildings and a large square.Our classroom,the roof of which③ looks like a rocket in the distance,is located in the center of our school.The main reason why④ I like our school is that I can make many friends.I can get along with my classmates here,two of whom⑤are my best friends.The teacher whom⑥I like most is Mr Zhang,our math teacher.To be honest,I gradually fall in love with our school.
【语法感悟】
①when为关系副词,在定语从句中作 语,其先行词为
②where为关系副词,在定语从句中作 语,其先行词为
③the roof of which为“the +名词+of+关系代词”,在定语从句中作_______ 语,其先行词为
④why为关系副词,在定语从句中作 语,其先行词为
⑤two of whom为“数词+of+关系代词”,在定语从句中作 语,其先行词为
⑥whom为关系代词,在定语从句中作 语,其先行词为
时间状
the summer of 2012
地点状
place
主
classroom
原因状
reason
主
classmates
宾
teacher
语法精讲
一、限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限制约作用,使该词的含义更具体、更明确,因而不能被省略,否则句意就不完整。
1.关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose
(1)that既可指代事物也可指代人,which指代事物,在从句中均可作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。
The film (that/which) we saw last night was very wonderful.
昨晚我们看的那部电影非常棒。
(2)who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,who可以作从句的主语和宾语,whom只能作宾语。
He knew the teacher who/whom we met yesterday.
他认识我们昨天遇见的那个老师。
(3)whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。它引导的从句可以修饰人和物。
I saw a boy standing on the ground whose hat was red.
我看见一个男孩站在地上,他的帽子是红色的。
(4)“介词+关系代词”指人时关系代词用whom,指物时用which。
She is the girl with whom I went there.
她就是和我去那儿的女孩。
2.关系副词:where,when,why
(1)where引导定语从句表示地点。
I went to the Zhongshan Park where I spent the whole morning with my students.
我去了中山公园,在那里我整个上午都和我的学生在一起。
(2)when引导定语从句表示时间。
I’ll never forget the day when I met you.
我永远不会忘记遇见你的那天。
(3)why引导定语从句表示原因,先行词一般为reason等。
The reason why the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes.
每年需要重复注射的原因是病毒发生了变化。
3.定语从句中只用that不用which的情况
(1)当先行词是all,any,anything,everything,nothing或被它们修饰时。
Is there anything that I can do for you
有什么我可以为你做的吗
(2)当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。
That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.
那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。
(3)当先行词有the only,the very,the same,the last 等修饰时。
My necklace is not the only thing that’s missing.
我的项链不是丢掉的唯一的东西。
(4)当主句以who或which开头时。
Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat
正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁
(5)当先行词既有人又有物时。
The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well-known.
你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很有名。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)This is the question confused us.
(2)September 1st is the day students go back to school after a summer vacation.
(3)I don’t like the way you treat animals.
(4)The reason he won first place in the competition is that not only did he follow the teacher’s advice,but also trained hard.
(5)The reason he told me for his absence was not acceptable.
that/which
when
that
why
that/which
二、非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句在句中主要起补充说明作用,非限制性定语从句与主句之间往往用逗号隔开,独立存在,即使缺失也不会影响整个句子的意思。
1.which引导非限制性定语从句,说明前面整个句子或主句的一部分情况。
The novel,which I have read three times,is very touching.
这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
2.who引导非限制性定语从句,作从句的主语。
Our guide,who was a French Canadian,was an excellent cook.
我们的导游是法裔加拿大人,他是个出色的厨师。
3.whom引导非限制性定语从句,指人,在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语,作介词宾语时,介词可位于句末。
Peter,whom you met in London,is now back in Paris.
你在伦敦见过的彼得现在已经回巴黎了。
4.whose引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作定语。whose通常指人,也可指动物或无生命的事物。
The boy, whose hat is red, studies very hard.
那个戴红色帽子的男孩学习很努力。
5.when引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作时间状语,指代主句中的时间。
The car accident happened in 1990,when I was a six-year-old girl.
那次车祸发生在1990年,当时我还是个六岁的小女孩。
6.where引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作地点状语,指代主句中的地点。
We then moved to Paris,where we lived for six years.
我们后来搬到巴黎,在那里住了六年。
7.as引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如;好像”。
As is known to all, China is a developing country.
众所周知,中国是一个发展中国家。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)There is no simple answer, is often the case in science.
(2)He has two sons, work in the company.
(3)All the neighbours admire this family, the parents are treating their child like a friend.
(4)His movie won several awards at the film festival, was beyond his wildest dream.
(5)Lucy, father is a fencer,is enthusiastic about sport.
as
who
where
which
whose
三、限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别
1.限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
This is the house that we bought last month.
这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
2.当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。
Charles Smith,who is my former teacher,retired last year.
查尔斯·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
My house,which I bought last year,has got a lovely garden.
我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
He seems not to have grasped what I meant,which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我很心烦。
注意:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
【即学即练】翻译句子
(1)我将不会忘记和你一起去香山看红叶的那个秋天。
(2)正如老师昨天告诉我们的那样,我们要对未来充满信心。
(3)我们班有很多作文写得好的学生。
I will never forget the autumn when I went to the Fragrant Hill to see the red leaves with you.
As the teacher told us yesterday,we should be confident of our future.
In our class,we have many students whose compositions are well written.
(4)这是上映过的令人印象最深刻的电视剧。
(5)努力工作是你成功的唯一办法。
This is the most impressive TV play that has ever been put on.
Hard work is the only way that leads to your success.(共44张PPT)
Part 1 Reading comprehension
Part 2 Language points
目录索引
Part 1 Reading comprehension
第一步速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1 What is the main topic of the essay
A.The pros and cons of factory farming.
B.The advantages of factory farming.
C.How to keep a factory farm.
D.The disadvantages of factory farming.
答案 A
Activity 2 阅读文章,搭配段落大意。
1.Paragraph 1
2.Paragraph 2
3.Paragraph 3
4.Paragraph 4
A.Definition of factory farming.
B.Reduction of factory farming.
C.Cruelty to the animals and a bad influence on the environment.
D.Low costs and high production of factory farming with fewer diseases.
A
D
C
B
第二步精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3 根据P71-73文章,选出最佳选项。
1.What can we safely say about Guy de Maupassant
A.His father died when he was eleven.
B.He was introduced to Zola by his father.
C.His literary career was at most ten years.
D.He spent his 43rd birthday at home in France.
答案 C
2.What did Mathilde Loisel desire to do
A.To lead a simple life.
B.To be a wealthy woman.
C.To marry an honest man.
D.To buy her husband a hunting gun.
3.How about Mathilde Loisel at the ball
A.Standing out above the rest.
B.Losing the necklace on the ground.
C.Dancing with the minister repeatedly.
D.Sending the wrap to her school friend.
答案 B
答案 A
4.What happened when Mathilde Loisel found the necklace lost
A.She wrote a letter, telling Forestier everything.
B.She bought a similar necklace despite huge debt.
C.She and her husband separated and led a hard life.
D.She was told the necklace was only costume jewellery.
答案 B
Activity 4 思考分享 提升思维
1.What is your opinion about factory farming
2.What would you do if you were in charge of a factory farm
The answer is open.
The answer is open.
Activity 5 诵读佳句 学练写作
What is the writer’s opinion about factory farming
(1)To sum up,despite producing cheap food,factory farming is bad for the planet and for the animals themselves.
(2)...we should try to reduce this kind of farming,although we would have to pay more for our eggs and meat.
第三步深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6 阅读P66-67文章,完成语篇填空。
In the last few years,environmental disasters 1. (become) more and more common.Terrible floods and storms are getting worse and worse everywhere and 2. (reduce) rainfall brings about more severe droughts.Volcanic 3. (eruption) and earthquakes are often the case.Overpopulation is the main reason.4. top of that,global warming and the 5. (destroy) of the world’s forests contribute a lot to it.Of course,landslides and earthquakes have an important role 6.______ (play) in it.Homes built from 7. materials
have become
reduced
eruptions
On
destruction
to play
whatever
that could be found can easily collapse during earthquakes or landslides,
8. (especial) after heavy rain.Most disaster experts believe,if we don’t take immediate action,things could get 9. lot worse.For example,we haven’t seen the 10. (bad) result of eruption.
especially
a
worst
Activity 7 长难句分析
1.Surrounded by fields,mountains and rivers,the Old Town of Lijiang looks like a jade ink stone in spring and summer.
[句式分析]
Surrounded by fields,mountains and rivers,the Old Town of Lijiang looks like a jade ink stone in spring and summer.
过去分词短语作状语
[尝试翻译]
丽江古城被田野、山脉和河流环绕,在春天和夏天它看起来就像一块玉砚。
2.Storms have been getting worse everywhere too,with more hurricanes hitting the US and Central America.
[句式分析]
Storms have been getting worse everywhere too,with more hurricanes hitting the US and Central America.
“with+名词+v.-ing”结构,作伴随状语
[尝试翻译]
各地的暴风雨也越来越严重,更多的飓风袭击了美国和中美洲地区。
Part 2 Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
重点单词
必记写作词汇
1. n.论说文;散文
2. n.反对者;对手,敌手
3. n.例子,实例
4. vt.声称;断言;主张
n.声称;(根据权力而提出的)要求
5. n.药物,药材;毒品
essay
opponent
instance
claim
drug
6. vt.概括,总结
n.金额,款项;总数
7. vt.雕,刻
8. n.谷,山谷
9. adj.景色优美的
10. adj.古老的;历史上重要的
sum
carve
valley
scenic
historic
识记阅读词汇
1.organic adj.
2.institute n.
3.poultry n.
4.billion n.
5.committee n.
6.temple n.
7.Confucius
8.memorial n.
adj.
不使用化肥的,有机的,绿色的
机构;研究院
家禽肉,家禽
十亿
委员会
庙宇,寺院
孔子
纪念馆;纪念碑
(对逝者)纪念的,追悼的
9.thunderstorm n.
10.typhoon n.
11.agricultural adj.
12.Atlantic adj.
雷暴
台风
农业的
大西洋的
串记拓展词汇
1. vt.包含,需要→ adj.有关的,牵扯在内的
→ n.卷入,牵连
2. adj.残忍的→ adv.残忍地→ n.残忍
3. n.化学品 adj.化学的→ n.化学
→ n.药剂师;化学家
involve
involved
involvement
cruel
cruelly
cruelty
chemical
chemistry
chemist
【掌握构词规律 快速记牢单词】
后缀-ment常用于动词之后构成名词,表示“行为或者状态”,例如:
advertise→advertisement
astonish→astonishment
move→movement
develop→development
employ→employment
improve→improvement
重点短语
1. 例如
2. 概括,总结
for instance
sum up
要点探究 能力素养全提升
、
基础词汇——语境记忆
1.chemical n.化学品 adj.化学的
【佳句背诵】When it comes to pollution,the chemical industry is a major offender.[环境保护]
谈到环境污染问题,化工产业是一大祸害。
2.historic adj.古老的;历史上重要的
【佳句背诵】We should take more care of our historic buildings.[文物保护]
我们应该更加爱护有历史意义的建筑。
.、
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.involve v.包含;需要;使忙于;牵涉;使卷入;使陷入
(1)involve sb/sth in 使某人/物参与、陷入或牵扯到……中
involve with 与(某人)有密切关系
(2)involvement n.卷入;牵连;参与
【佳句背诵】John would,sooner or later,involve himself in serious trouble.[人物介绍]
约翰迟早会把他自己卷入危险的困境中去。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Don’t involve yourself those people.
(2)应该有更多的妇女参与决策。
More women should decision-making.
(3)格雷斯与那个红头发的小伙子来往多久了
How long has Grace that red-haired boy
with
be involved in
been involved with
2.opponent n.反对者;对手,敌手
(1)oppose vt.反对;反抗;阻挠
oppose doing sth 反对做某事
(2)opposed adj.反对的;对立的;相反的
be opposed to (doing) sth 反对(做)某事
(3)opposite adj.相反的;对面的
【佳句背诵】This is opposed to the “early bird” schedule,and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight.[健康生活]
这是与“早起型”相反的作息,是一种人们习惯熬过午夜的紊乱现象。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)They are strongly (oppose) to smoking in public.
(2)总统反对给予那个国家军事援助。
The president opposes military aid to that country.
(3)她仍然坚决反对去国外这个意见。
She remained bitterly the idea of moving abroad.
(4)反对战争的人们说,战争只会导致更多的暴力和冲突。
People the war said that it would only lead to more violence and conflict.
(5)他用一记有力的左拳将他的对手击倒。
He knocked down with a powerful left fist.
opposed
giving
opposed to
opposing/opposed to
his opponent
3.cruel adj.残忍的;残酷的;引起痛苦的
(1)be cruel to 对……残酷/残忍
it is cruel of sb to do sth 某人做某事太残忍
(2)cruelty n.残酷;虐待;残酷的行为
【佳句背诵】We’ll never forget the cruelties of the invaders.[历史文化]
我们永远不会忘记入侵者的暴行。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)It was cruel them to make the donkey carry such a heavy load.
(2)我们不应该对动物残忍。
We shouldn’t be animals.
(3)他那无情的话太伤我的心了。
His hurt me deeply.
(4)他说那话真是狠心。
It was to say that.
(5)他受到了残酷的对待。
He was treated .
of
cruel to
cruel remarks
cruel of him
with cruelty
4.claim vt.声称;断言;主张;需要;值得;索赔
n.声称; (根据权力而提出的)要求
make a claim for 索款
claim to do sth 声称要做某事
claim to have done sth 声称做了某事
claim that... 声称……
claim sth back 要回某物;索回
【佳句背诵】You can claim your money back if the goods are damaged.[社会生活]
如果货物有损坏,你可以要求退钱。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)The victims in the accident made a claim damages.
(2)他应该可以要求把票要回来。
He should be able to_________ __________ __________ ___________.
for
claim the ticket back
5.sum vt.概括,总结 n.金额,款项;总数
(1)a sum of一笔
(2)表示“总结,概要”的短语:
sum up
in summary
in short
in brief
in conclusion
in a/one word
【佳句背诵】Huge sums have been invested in this project.[商业贸易]
在这个项目中投入了大量资金。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)We can sum the main point of the lesson in three sentences.
(2)因此,概括地说,我们需要集中精力进行员工培训。
So,to ,we need to concentrate on staff training.
(3)请把你刚才说的总结一下。
Please what you said just now.
(4)我得花一大笔钱才能把它弄回来。
I had to spend ________ _________ _________ _______ __________to get it back.
up
sum up
sum up
a large sum of money
6.memorial n.纪念馆;纪念碑;纪念仪式 adj.(对逝者)纪念的,追悼的
(1)as a memorial 作为纪念
a memorial to... 为……设的纪念碑
(2)memory n.记忆
in memory of... 纪念……
(3)memorise vt.记住,背熟
【佳句背诵】She set up an educational fund in memory of her mother.[社会公益]
她为了纪念母亲而设立了一个教育基金。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)He was often seen at funerals and (memorial).
(2)人们来到纪念馆纪念这位伟大的领袖。
People came to in memory of the great leader.
(3)他将可纪念的大事记入日记中。
He made an entry of the in his diary.
(4)一座10英尺高的木制松鼠雕塑被放置在大桥附近,以纪念建造者及其对工程的贡献。
A ten-foot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge ________ _________ _________ its builder and his devotion to the project.
memorials
the memorial
memorial events
in
memory of
(5)为了抓住每一个学习英语的机会,他会边等客人边背单词。
To seize every chance to study English,he would __________ ________while waiting for customers.
memorise words
7.carve vt.雕,刻
carve sth from/out of... 用……雕刻……
carve sth into... 将……雕刻成……
carve sth (out) (for oneself) 用辛勤的劳动创造出……
【佳句背诵】The statue was carved out of marble.[艺术文化]
这座雕像是用大理石雕刻的。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)She carved a name for herself as a reporter.
(2)他用一块木头雕刻了一个娃娃。
He ________ _________ _________ _________a block of wood.
(3)他将那块石头雕成人形。
He ________ _________ _________ the figure of a man.
(4)在工程领域,他孜孜以求地为自己赢得了声誉。
He a name for himself in the engineering business.
out
carved a doll from
carved the stone into
carved out
8.scenic adj.景色优美的
scene n.现场;景色
on the scene 在现场;当场;在台上
behind the scenes 在幕后;暗中
appear/come on the scene 出场;登场
【佳句背诵】There is a scenic route across the Alps.[自然环境]
穿越阿尔卑斯山有一条风景优美的小路。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)By the time I came the scene,it was all over.
(2)事故发生后记者们很快就赶到了现场。
Reporters were soon after the accident.
(3)在幕后,双方都在努力达成协议。
,both sides are working towards an agreement.
on
on the scene
Behind the scenes
、
重点句式——多维剖析
1.定语从句的先行词
【教材原句】The building that people visit most is the Temple of Confucius.
人们参观最多的建筑是孔庙。
先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词,如果关系词在定语从句中作状语,则用关系副词;若不是用作状语(如用作主语、宾语等)则用关系代词。
【佳句背诵】The reason that he came up with yesterday is very important.[情况介绍]
他昨天提出的理由很重要。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)This is the factory I want to work.
(2)This is the factory I want to visit.
(3)这就是我上周参观的学校。
This is the school ____________ _________ _________ last week.
(4)我和我的家人在欧洲旅行的那一周是难忘的。
That week ________ _________ _________with my family travelling in Europe is unforgettable.
where
that/which
that/which I visited
which I spent
2.形容词(短语)作状语
【教材原句】At the ball,Mathilde is the most elegant and graceful woman there,smiling and happy.
在舞会上,玛蒂尔德是最漂亮、最优雅的女人,她面带微笑,十分开心。
形容词(短语)在句中作状语可以用来表示原因、时间、伴随等,说明主语所处的状态。
【佳句背诵】The Eagles went home angry and bitter because they did not win the tournament.[体育竞技]
老鹰队因为没有赢得锦标赛而愤愤不平地回了家。
【即学即练】单句写作
(1)这些男孩子因为高兴和兴奋,又喊又唱。
,the boys were shouting and singing.
(2)受伤的司机被困在受损的车里,无法动弹。
The injured driver was stuck in the damaged car, .
Happy and excited
unable to move(共60张PPT)
Part 1 Reading comprehension
Part 2 Language points
目录索引
Part 3 Grammar
Part 1 Reading comprehension
第一步速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1 Which is the most proper main idea for part 1
A.Advice from Jenny.
B.Life in Britain.
C.Use cars less.
D.Traffic in Britain.
答案 D
Activity 2 Read part 2 and complete the notes.
Advice Advantages/reasons
Use your legs Save money,keep fit and help you live 1. .
Use public
transport Relax on the 2. or train.
Think before you go Needn’t make that 3. .
Share cars Much 4. to the environment.
Take action Don’t just sit around and 5. .
longer
bus
journey
cheaper and kinder
complain
第二步精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3 阅读Part 2文章,选出最佳选项。
1.Why does the writer mention the excuses in the first paragraph
A.To show us that cars are bad for us.
B.To find the cause of being late.
C.To give a reason for using cars.
D.To complain about the traffic jams.
答案 C
2.What’s the advantage of taking public transport
A.Saving your time.
B.Helping you live longer.
C.Keeping you fit.
D.Relaxing yourself.
3.What does the writer advise us to do
A.Use our head.
B.Buy public transport.
C.Drive our car alone.
D.Avoid long journeys.
答案 D
答案 D
4.What can we infer about the writer from the last paragraph
A.He can’t go without cars.
B.He has a beautiful daughter.
C.He gives his son a busy schedule.
D.He will take action immediately.
答案 A
Activity 4 思考分享 提升思维
1.What are other negative effects caused by cars
2.Do you have other methods of car-free living
The answer is open.
The answer is open.
Activity 5 诵读佳句 学练写作
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing the advantages of using our legs.
(1)Leg power can save your money,keep you fit and help you live longer.
(2)Regular exercise also cuts the risk of heart disease by 50%!
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences that describe what we can do about the noise,pollution and danger of traffic.
(1)If your street is full of heavy traffic,talk to your neighbours about it.
(2)Write to the papers.
(3)Go to the city government.
(4)Ask for a speed limit.
第三步深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6 长难句分析
Traffic is one of the major causes of global warming and climate change,as car engines produce various types of greenhouse gases.
[句式分析]
Traffic is one of the major causes of global warming and climate change,as car engines produce various types of greenhouse gases.
引导原因状语从句
[尝试翻译]
交通是全球变暖和气候变化的主要原因之一,因为汽车发动机会产生各类温室气体。
Part 2 Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
重点单词
必记写作词汇
1. adj.浪费的;挥霍的
2. vt.包,裹
3. n.灰尘,尘土
4. vi.& vt.吞下,咽下
5. n.收集;收藏品;专辑
6. adj.可再使用的,可重复使用的
7. n.破坏,毁坏
8. adj.卡住的,无法移动的
9. n.十年,十年期
wasteful
wrap
dirt
swallow
collection
reusable
destruction
stuck
decade
识记阅读词汇
1.packet n.
2.packaging n.
3.coconut n.
4.shell n.
5.transportation n.
6.refillable adj.
7.bin n.
8.carton n.
小包,小盒
包装盒(瓶、袋),包装材料
椰子
壳;贝壳
交通运输系统,运输方式
可再填充的
垃圾箱
硬纸盒;塑料盒
9.cutlery n.
10.chopsticks n.
11.council n.
12.jam n.
13.roadworks n.
14.gas n.
15.cancer n.
餐具
筷子
委员会;理事会
拥挤,堵塞;果酱
道路施工
气,气体
癌症
串记拓展词汇
1. n.消费者→ vt.消费,消耗→ n.消耗
2. adj.现实的,实际的→ adj.真正的→ adv.真正地→ n.现实→ adv.现实地,实际地
3. adj.新颖的,创新的,革新的→ n.创新,革新
4. adj.意识到的,明白的→ n.意识→ adj.没有意识到的,不明白的→ n.没有意识
5. adj.焦虑的,不安的→ adv.焦虑地,不安地→ n.焦虑,不安
consumer
consume
consumption
realistic
real
really
reality
realistically
innovative
innovation
aware
awareness
unaware
unawareness
anxious
anxiously
anxiety
6. adj.烦恼的,生气的→ vt.使不悦;惹恼
→ adj.恼人的,讨厌的→ n.烦恼,生气
7. n.愤怒;怒气→ adj.生气的,愤怒的
→ adv.生气地,愤怒地
8. vi.相联系,有关联→ adj.相关的;相对的 n.亲戚→ n.联系,关系;亲属→ n.联系,关系
9. adj.定期的,有规律的→ adv.定期地,有规律地→ n.规律性,规则性→ adj.没有规律的
10. vt.适合 n.套装→ adj.适合的
annoyed
annoy
annoying
annoyance
anger
angry
angrily
relate
relative
relation
relationship
regular
regularly
regularity
irregular
suit
suitable
【掌握构词规律 快速记牢单词】
-ful构成的形容词
在抽象名词后加-ful构成形容词,表示“有……倾向的;有……性质的;充满的”,如:
care→careful
beauty→beautiful
use→useful
thank→thankful
重点短语
1. 开始做某事,着手进行
2. 焦虑的
3. 与……有关联
4.traffic jam
set out
stressed out
be related to
交通堵塞
要点探究 能力素养全提升
、
基础词汇——语境记忆
1.relate vi.相联系,有关联
【佳句背诵】I found a very mixed group of individuals,some of whom I could relate to and others with whom I had very little in common.[个人经历]
我碰到了一群形形色色的人,其中一些人能和我合得来,而其他的则和我根本合不来。
2.decade n.十年,十年期
【佳句背诵】Technology in this field has matured considerably over the last decade.[科技发展]
这一领域的技术经过过去十年的发展已经相当完善。
.、
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.set out 开始做某事,着手进行;规划;展现;摆放,布置;阐述,说明;出发;开始;打算
set out (to do sth) = set about (doing sth) 开始(做某事)
set aside 把……存储起来;留出;把……撇开
set down 制定;把……写下来;让……下车
set off 启程,出发;引爆;激起
set up 搭起;竖起;建立;成立;使(某人)充满活力
【佳句背诵】The next morning he hired a boat and set out to find the well-known painter.[个人经历]
第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找那位著名的画家。
【即学即练】用set短语的适当形式填空/单句写作
(1)After the earthquake,the people rebuilding their homes.
(2)Some doctors advise a certain hour each day for exercise.
(3)He has achieved what he to do three years ago.
(4)It takes a bit of time to a new system,but it’s well worth the effort.
(5)我为爸妈创立了邮箱地址,以便经常给他们发邮件。
I ________ _________ _________ _________for my mum and dad so that I could email them regularly.
set about
setting aside
set out
set up
set up email addresses
2.consumer n.消费者
(1)consume vt. 消耗,消费;大吃,大喝
consume resources/time/stores 消耗资源/时间/存物
consume one’s fortune 消耗某人的财产
(2)consumption n.消费;消耗量
【佳句背诵】We need more feedback from the consumers in order to improve our goods.[商业贸易]
我们需要从消费者那里多得到些反馈信息以改进我们的产品。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Gas and oil (consume) always increases in cold weather.
(2)我们选择绿色食品,少吃肉。
We ________ _________ _________ ,choosing green food.
(3)这辆汽车很费燃料。
The car __________ _________ _________ _________ ____________.
(4)每年美国人都消耗掉很大比例的世界能源。
Each year Americans __________ _________ _________ __________ _____ the world’s energy.
consumption
consume less meat
consumes a lot of fuel
consume a high percentage of
(5)他不得不少吃肉。
He has to cut down on __________ __________________of meat.
the consumption
3.wrap vt.包,裹;覆盖;隐藏 n.围巾;披肩;包装材料
wrap around/round 用……包裹,裹身
wrap in 把……包在……里;遮蔽;使陷于
be wrapped up in sb/sth 注意力完全集中于某人/物
wrap sth up 完成,结束
【佳句背诵】I wrapped the carpet around the sick man’s legs to keep him warm.[医疗救助]
我用毯子把病人的腿包了起来,让他暖和一点儿。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)He (wrap) in his thoughts.
(2)你可以把裙子围在腰间。
You can wrap the skirt your waist.
(3)汤姆把书包在报纸里。
Tom wrapped a book a newspaper.
(4)他们把全部精力都用在工作上了。
They’re completely wrapped in their work.
was wrapped
around/round
in
up
4.aware adj.意识到的,明白的;知道的;察觉到的
(1)be (well) aware of (很)清楚,意识到
make sb aware of 使某人知道
be/become aware of/that 意识到/开始意识到
as far as sb be aware 据某人所知
(2)awareness n. 意识,认识
a lack of awareness 缺乏认识
develop an awareness of 逐渐懂得/意识到……
(3)unaware adj.不知道的,没察觉到的
【佳句背诵】In many cases,his questions made his students aware of their own errors.[学校生活]
在很多情况下,他的问题让他的学生们意识到了自己的错误。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Earth Day,marked on 22 April,is an annual event aiming to raise public
(aware) of environmental protection.
(2)我们必须意识到,被拆除的历史建筑的数量已经达到了一个令人吃惊的数字。
The number of historic buildings which have been pulled down has reached a surprising figure that we must .
awareness
be aware of
(3)作为社会的一员,我意识到负责任是创建一个更好的社会所需要的。
As a member of the society,I ________ _________ _________ being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.
(4)这次旅行让她体会到了大自然的美好。
The travel ________ _________ _________ _________the beauty of nature.
am aware that
made her aware of
5.anxious adj.焦虑的,不安的
(1)be anxious for/about 为……担心/忧虑
be anxious for sth 渴望某事(物)
be anxious to do sth 渴望做某事
be anxious for sb to do sth 渴望某人做某事
be anxious that sb (should) do sth 渴望某人做某事
(2)anxiety n.焦虑,烦恼,忧虑
anxiously adv.忧虑地,不安地
【佳句背诵】They are anxious to develop friendly relations with their neighbouring countries.[国际关系]
他们渴望同邻国发展友好关系。
【即学即练】用anxious的适当形式填空/单句写作
(1)My grew with the job interview drawing nearer and nearer.
(2)People were waiting for the government’s final decision.
(3)Why are you so ,Mike You have got well prepared and will surely pass the driving test.
anxiety
anxiously
anxious
(4)不要为他们的安全担心,他们已不再是小孩子了。
Don’t _______ ________ ____________their safety.They are no longer children.
(5)我们渴望知道考试结果。
We were the results of the exam.
be anxious about/for
anxious to know
6.annoyed adj.烦恼的,生气的
(1)annoy v.使烦恼;使生气
be annoyed with sb 生某人的气
be annoyed at/about sth 因为某事生气
(2)annoying adj.恼人的;讨厌的(多修饰物)
【佳句背诵】Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day [日常生活]
谁没有收到过毁掉一整天的烦人的电子邮件呢
【即学即练】用annoy的适当形式填空/单句写作
(1)It really me when you don’t listen to what I am saying.
(2)He was to learn that the train would be delayed.
(3)I wish those boys wouldn’t carry on like that—it’s very .
(4)在电影院里,如果有人坐得离你太近,你会感到烦恼。
in a theatre when a person sits too close to you.
annoys
annoyed
annoying
You will get annoyed
7.stressed out 焦虑的;心力交瘁的
(1)stress n.压力 v.强调;重读
under stress 在压力下
lay/place/put stress on/upon... 对……施压(产生压力)
stress the importance of... 强调……的重要性
(2)stressful adj.压力重的(修饰物)
【佳句背诵】One of the most effective ways to reduce stress is to talk about your feelings with someone you trust.[心理健康]
缓解压力的最有效的方法之一是找一个你信任的人去倾诉你的感受。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)She (stress) the importance of good teamwork at the meeting.
(2)我意识到他一直在做音乐老师们总是强调的事:把注意力集中在音乐上,假装别人都不在那里。
And I realised he had been doing ________ _________ _________ _________ ________ :concentrate on the music and pretend the others aren’t there.
(3)我们遭受着现代生活压力的折磨。
We suffer from ________ _________ _________ _________ _________.
stressed
what music teachers
always stressed
the stress of modern life
(4)篮球比赛中团队协作的重要性再怎么强调也不为过。
The importance of teamwork during the basketball game ________ ______ _________ _________.
(5)人们在巨大压力下可能会头疼、睡眠障碍。那就是为什么我们有时需要放松自己。
People ________ ______ ________ ______ ________ may experience headaches and sleeping difficulties.That’s why we need to relax ourselves at times.
cannot be
stressed enough
under a lot of stress
8.be related to... 与……有关联
(1)relate v.相联系,有关联
relate A to B 把A和B联系起来
relate to sb/sth 与某人/物有关;能理解并同情某人/物
(2)relative adj.相比较而言的;相关联的 n.亲属,亲戚
(3)relatively adv.相对地,相当地
relationship n.关系
(4)relation n.关系;亲属
in relation to 就……而论;和……联系起来看
【佳句背诵】In fact,traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order.[日常生活]
事实上,交通规则是与公共秩序密切相关的规章制度的一部分。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Students find it difficult to relate the life of a scientist.
(2)他对人的恐惧和他的苦难童年有着密切的关系。
His fear of people his unhappy childhood.
to
is closely related to
(3)我认为我们的老师和家长应该学着理解我们年轻人。
I think our teachers and parents should learn to __________ __________ us young people.
(4)实际上我们可以把所有这些交通事故和粗心驾驶联系起来。
In fact we can all these traffic accidents careless driving.
relate to
relate
to
9.suit v.适合;相称 n.套装;一套衣服
(1)suit sth to sb/sth 使某事适合于某人/物
(2)suitable adj.合适的,适当的
be suitable for... 适合……
be suitable to do sth 适合做某事
(3)suited adj.合适的;般配的
be suited to...适合于……
【佳句背诵】It is the convention for people to wear suits on formal occasions.[社交礼仪]
人们在正式场合穿套装是一种社会习俗。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Mr Smith decided that he was not (suit) to the life in a small town,so he returned to the city.
(2)A good teacher suits his lessons the age of his pupils.
(3)The simplicity of the book makes it suitable children.
(4)当你去中国朋友家吃饭时,带些水果是合适的。
carry some fruit when you go to your Chinese friend’s home for dinner.
suited
to
for
It is suitable to
、
多义词汇——自主练透
A.n.果酱 B.n.拥挤 C.v.塞进 D.v.卡住
①The newspapers were so tightly jammed in the letter-box that he could hardly get them out.
②He jammed his key into the lock.
③He spread some strawberry jam on his toast.
④Sorry we’re late.We got stuck in a traffic jam.
Ⅰ.一词多义
jam
C
D
A
B
Ⅱ.教材熟词生义
suit
项目 意义 例句
熟义 v. There’s a range of restaurants to suit all tastes.
生义 n. He was wearing a suit that looked tailor-made.
适合
套装
、
重点句式——多维剖析
1.非谓语动词的独立结构
【教材原句】To be frank,I’m addicted to my car.
坦白地说,我非常喜欢我的车。
非谓语动词的独立结构
(1)动词-ing形式:honestly/personally/generally/strictly/frankly speaking,judging from/by,taking everything into account,considering that,seeing that,assuming that,supposing,talking of,including等。
(2)过去分词形式:given,provided (=providing),compared with等。
(3)不定式形式: to tell (you) the truth,to be honest/frank/exact...,to sum up,to make the story short,to make things worse,to begin/start with等。
【佳句背诵】Judging from his past performances,he is not likely to do very well in this exam.[人物描写]
从他过去的表现来判断,他在这次考试中可能表现得不太好。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1) (be) honest,I don’t think we have a chance of winning.
(2)考虑到它是手工制品,价格还算合理。
,the price seems reasonable.
(3)谈到旅行,你去过北京吗
,have you ever been to Beijing
To be
Considering that it is handmade
Talking of travel
(4)坦白地说,我宁愿你暂时对此事什么也不要做。
,I’d rather you didn’t do anything about it for the time being.
(5)毕竟,同她的成就相比,她的缺点是次要的。
,her shortcomings are, after all, only secondary.
(6)更糟糕的是,夜幕降临时,天开始下雪了。
,it started to snow when evening came.
Frankly speaking
Compared with her achievements
To make matters/things worse
2.What/How about...
【教材原句】What about the shops around the corner
街角的商店怎么样
(1)What/How about... “……怎么样 ”,表示建议或征求对方意见。
(2)What if... 通常用来征询意见或用于提出建议,其中if从句用一般现在时表示将来。
(3)What for 为什么 有何用
(4)Why don’t we... 我们为什么不……呢 (建议)
(5)Why not... 为什么不……呢 (建议)
(6)Shall we... 咱们……好吗 (建议)
(7)So what 那又怎么样 (表示不感兴趣或认为不重要)
【佳句背诵】What if it rained and then froze all through those months [天气状况]
如果那几个月一直下雨然后又结冰该怎么办
【即学即练】单句写作
(1)我到美国的时候要是听不懂当地人说的话该怎么办呢
I can’t understand the local people when I get to America
(2)去看电影怎么样
going to the movies
What if
What/How about
(3)要是他对朋友和家人不忠怎么办
he was faithless to his friends and his family members
(4)——你的房间看起来真是一团糟,汤姆。
——那又怎么样
—Your room looks a real mess,Tom.
—
What if
So what
Part 3 Grammar
语法冲关 语言规则全理清
情景导入
Collocations“搭配语”
阅读下面短文,体会句中黑体部分的用法。
I just hate getting to work in the morning.It ①takes such a long time to get to my office from my home because of the ②heavy traffic.Often I ③get stuck in a traffic jam and I really ④feel stressed out.Last year,I tried to ⑤share a car with my colleagues who live near me but it still took so long.Now I go to work by train.To be honest,I really ⑥worry about high levels of pollution.It seems every year it is getting worse.I can’t understand why people always drive cars,even for a short journey when they could walk.Even though in
recent years,the price of petrol goes up,people still ⑦make excuses to use their cars.If your journey is less than 30 minutes,I really think the obvious solution is to walk.It will help you ⑧keep fit and be good to the environment.
【语法感悟】
英语中的搭配语指的是某些单词可以和某些特定的单词组合在一起,而其他单词则不能与之搭配。常见的搭配形式有动词+名词,如短文中的 ;形容词+名词,如短文中的 。
①③④⑤⑥⑦⑧
②
语法精讲
Collocations“搭配语”指的是一种语言中,母语人士惯用的字和字的组合,听起来自然地道,也能快速、精确地传达意思。
1.日常生活
动词+名词
heat the soup把汤加热
do the laundry洗衣服
stain my shirt弄脏我的衬衫
water the flowers浇花
put on/apply lipstick擦口红(的动作)
2.生病就医
形容词+名词
就医时描述症状的用语通常都有固定搭配:
a runny nose流鼻涕
a phlegmy cough带痰的咳嗽
a scratchy throat喉咙痒
a mild fever轻微发烧
3.量词的搭配
a flock of birds/geese/sheep一群鸟/鹅/羊
a herd of elephants一群象
a swarm of bugs/insects一群昆虫
a grain of rice/salt一粒米/一粒盐
a cube of sugar一颗方糖
a bar of candy一块糖果
a head of cattle一头牛
注意:
(1)把搭配语看作单一的字块,而不是两三个单字;
例如,直接想“scratchy throat”,而不分开记“scratchy痒”和“throat喉咙”。
(2)比起分开记两个字,一次记住搭配语,学得更快。
例如,一次学会“behave properly”(表现得体),就学会了动词“behave”和副词“properly”。
【即学即练】单项选择
1.Doesn’t time when you’re having fun
A.move B.fly
2.Everyone got back safe and after the storm.
A.soundly B.sound
3.I think I’ve weight since I stopped work.
A.accumulated B.gained
4.They’re building a new water plant on the coast.
A.cleaning B.purification
5.House prices have dramatically in recent months.
A.soared B.ascended
B
B
B
B
A
