(共88张PPT)
素养导航 明目标
语言
能力 必背
单词
重点
短语
humour outgoing host occasionally extremely
grateful practical lack drag access
worthwhile handle preference upset ashamed
intention demanding raise manner sensitive
flow reserved reality desperate delay
bend complain appointment organise
competitor engagement approval defend
for the first time pour into a couple of used to
associate with obsess over chatter away
on behalf of sb take up in contrast to
语言
能力 核心语法 过去完成时
主题写作 邀请信
文化
意识 了解人际关系的特点和健全措施
学会识别和建立健康的人际关系
思维
品质 用科学的方式分析人际关系的特点
运用适当的方法解决本单元的学习问题
结合现实生活,体会应该怎样建立健康的人际关系
学习
能力 熟练运用本单元的词汇及语言现象
根据单元内容适当调整学习策略
学会如何正确对待人际关系
Part 1 Reading comprehension
Part 2 Language points
目录索引
Part 3 Grammar
Part 1 Reading comprehension
第一步速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1 What does the text mainly tell us
A.Students in teachers’eyes.
B.Teachers in students’eyes.
C.How to become a qualified teacher.
D.Mutual memories between teachers and students.
答案 D
Activity 2 Read “My plete the information.
Before Graham went to Mr Jenkins’ class ·Graham was not very good at
1. .
·He’s a bit 2. .
·Science had been a subject full of strange words.
·He didn’t want to know what hydrogen was.
·He found science 3. .
·He lacked 4. .
most school subjects
lazy
boring and difficult
confidence
How Mr Jenkins taught ·Mr Jenkins made everything 5. .
·He explained things with lots of 6._______________________
.
·He took students outside,and they built a rocket!
After Graham became Mr Jenkins’ student ·Mr Jenkins made Graham feel that he had his own
7. .
·He was interested in the study of the stars and planets.
·He gave a 8. .
interesting
practical examples and in
simple language
strengthens
presentation
第二步精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3 阅读文章,选出最佳选项。
1.What can we know about Mr Jenkins
A.He was an excellent English teacher.
B.He was a bad teacher with a bit lazy.
C.He would explain hard things with practical examples.
D.He would force students to give presentations to the class.
答案 C
2.What did Mr Jenkins think of Graham when they met for the first time
A.Bored. B.Brave.
C.Lazy. D.Bright.
3.What did Mr Jenkins regret by the example of Graham
A.He didn’t create a strong bond with all students.
B.He didn’t give equal opportunities to each student.
C.He didn’t motivate his students to discuss in class freely.
D.He didn’t encourage his students to build their confidence.
答案 A
答案 B
4.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.Teaching is a job with challenges and stress.
B.Teaching is to prepare students for their future life.
C.Teachers should have great effects on their students.
D.Teachers should strengthen their communication with students.
答案 A
Activity 4 思考分享 提升思维
1.What was the impression of your teacher in high school
2.What are your teacher’s beliefs in teaching
The answer is open.
The answer is open.
Activity 5 诵读佳句 学练写作
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence(s) describing Brian Jenkins.
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence(s) describing Graham Lawrence.
He used to explain things which seemed difficult with lots of practical examples and in simple language.
He was very bright and he had done very well in science subjects.
第三步深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6 课文语篇填空
When I read one of Graham’s books and see him on TV,I am proud of him.I used 1. (teach) him!I remember Graham was very difficult
2. I taught him.But he changed 3. (quick) after I set up 4. experiment to show how the human stomach works
5. (use) acid and an onion.He was very bright but lacked
6. (confident) in himself.With my encouragement,he had done very well in science subjects.How I wish I 7. (do) as well with all my students as I have with Graham.Teaching is a 8. (stress)
to teach
before
quickly
an
using
confidence
had done
stressful
job but I love what I do.As a teacher I can help turn a child like Graham
9. a successful adult,and I know what I’m doing is worthwhile.
Education is not preparation for life;education is life 10. (it).
into
itself
Activity 7 长难句分析
1.The only thing I can remember from school maths is that the angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees!
[句式分析]
The only thing I can remember from school maths is that the angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees!
省略that的定语从句
引导表语从句
[尝试翻译]
我唯一还记得的数学课内容是三角形的内角和是180度。
2.He used to explain things which seemed difficult with lots of practical examples and in simple language.
[句式分析]
He used to explain things which seemed difficult with lots of practical examples and in simple language.
引导定语从句
[尝试翻译]
他过去常常用大量的实例和简单的语言来解释看似困难的事情。
Part 2 Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
重点单词
必记写作词汇
1. adj.外向的,好交际的
2. vt.主办;做……的东道主
n.主人;主持人
3. adj.极好的;难以置信的
4. adj.感激的,感谢的
5. adj.实际的;实践的;切实可行的
6. vt.灌,注,倒
outgoing
host
incredible
grateful
practical
pour
7. vt.缺乏
8. n.行为,举止
9. vt.拖,拉
10. n.进入;接触的机会
11. adj.值得做的;重要的;有益的
lack
behaviour
drag
access
worthwhile
识记阅读词汇
1.trait n.
2.niece n.
3.nephew n.
4.secondary adj.
5.flu n.
6.angle n.
7.triangle n.
8.hydrogen n.
特性,品质
侄女,外甥女
侄子,外甥
中等教育的;中级的;次要的
流行性感冒,流感
角
三角形
氢
9.rocket n.
10.fuel n.
11.presentation n.
12.acid n.
13.onion n.
14.educationalist n.
火箭
燃料
报告;陈述,说明
酸
洋葱
教育(学)家
串记拓展词汇
1. n.幽默感→ adj.幽默的→ adv.幽默地
2. adj.热爱的,酷爱的;具有强烈信念的→ adv.非常地,极度地;热情地
3. adv.偶尔;偶然→ n.场合,时机→ adj.偶然的
4. adj.情感上的;激起感情的→ n.情绪,强烈的情感→ adv.在情绪上
5. adv.极度,极其→ adj.极度的,极其的,极端的 n.极端
humour
humorous
humorously
passionate
passionately
occasionally
occasion
occasional
emotional
emotion
emotionally
extremely
extreme
【掌握构词规律 快速记牢单词】
-ly多数构成同义副词,少数构成形容词表示“……的”,如:
occasional→occasionally 偶然地
extreme→extremely 尤其;极端地
polite→politely 礼貌地
quick→quickly 迅速地
heavy→heavily 沉重地
friend→friendly (adj.) 友好的
love→lovely (adj.)可爱的
重点短语
1.for the first time
2.pour into
3.a couple of
4. 过去经常,曾经
5. 总计;达到
6. 点燃
7. 建立
8. 准许进入
初次,第一次
投入(倒)……于某物
一些,几个;一双,一对
used to
add up to
set off
set up
have access to
要点探究 能力素养全提升
、
基础词汇——语境记忆
1.grateful adj.感激的,感谢的
【佳句背诵】We would be grateful for any information you can give us.[感谢信]
我们将非常感激你提供的任何信息。
2.drag vt.拖,拉
【佳句背诵】We dragged the fallen tree clear of the road.[活动安排]
我们把倒下的树从路上拖走。
.、
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.humour n.幽默感;幽默;诙谐;脾气;情绪
(1)a sense of humour 幽默感
in a good/bad humour 心情好/坏
out of humour 心情不好
(2)humorous adj.幽默的;滑稽的
【佳句背诵】Studies show that a good sense of humour even makes you seem smarter.[人际交往]
研究表明,良好的幽默感甚至会让你看起来更聪明。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Dad is always in good humour for gardening.
(2)我心情不太好。
I was a little ________ _________ _________ .
(3)他很有幽默感。
He has ________ _________ _________ _________ _________.
a
out of humour
a good sense of humour
2.occasionally adv.偶尔;偶然
(1)occasion n.场合;时机
on occasion 有时,偶尔
if the occasion arises (=if the occasion should arise)必要的时候
on one occasion 曾经,有一次
on several occasions 屡次,好几次
take/seize the occasion to do... 抓住时机做……,乘机做……
(2)occasional adj.偶尔的
【佳句背诵】Husband and wife should switch roles with each other occasionally.[家庭生活]
夫妻应该偶尔互换角色。
【词语辨析】occasion,situation,condition与case
(1)occasion指特定的“时机,场合”;situation往往指“情况,形势”;condition指某时某处事情发展、存在的状况、状态或条件;case常指事物的特定情况、事情的真相和始末,如“病例,案件”等。如:
All the people involved in this case must be present.
所有与这起案件相关的人都必须到场。
The current international situation is not optimistic.
目前的国际形势不容乐观。
Living conditions have improved here over the past few years.
这里的生活条件在过去几年已得到改善。
It is not very suitable to sing such a song on this formal occasion.
在这种正式场合唱这样一首歌是不太合适的。
(2)occasion后面的定语从句多由when或on which引导;situation,case后面的定语从句多由where或in which引导。如:
There are occasions when/on which one must give in.
任何人都有不得不让步的时候。
Sometimes you are in a situation where everything goes against your favour.
有时你会遇到什么都不顺的情况。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Don’t worry.There is no harm in your staying up late _____________ (occasion).
(2)Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
(3)A good many cases are mentioned in the book good communication skills contribute to one’s chances of success.
(4)It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.
occasionally
when
where
where
(5)他抓住机会邀请她到家里吃晚饭。
He _____________ _________ _________ _________ _________ her home for dinner.
(6)有时他去伦敦过周末。
he went to London to spend the weekend.
seized/took the occasion to invite
On occasion
3.add up to 合计达,总计达
add to 使增强,使增加,使扩大
add up 把……加起来,相加; 合乎情理,有道理
add...to... 把……加到……里
add that... 补充说……
【佳句背诵】How much does the bill add up to [家庭生活]
账单加起来一共是多少
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)He wrote down the weight of each stone and then added all the weight.
(2)这栋楼房已经经历过多次扩建。
The building_________ ___________ __________ ______time after time.
(3)她在牛奶里加了糖。
She sugar her milk.
up
has been added to
added
to
(4)如果我们把这些费用加起来,总数超过了500英镑。
If we these expenses ,the total comes to over ￡500.
(5)这次旅行的费用总计达5 000元。
The travelling cost of this time ________ _________ _________ 5,000 yuan.
(6)我想补充一句,我们对结果感到满意。
I ________ _________ _________ _________that we are pleased with the result.
add
up
added up to
would like to add
4.for the first time 初次,第一次
in time 迟早;最后;及时
on time 准时
all the time 一直,始终
at one time 曾经,一度
at a time 每次,逐一
from time to time 有时,偶尔
in no time 立刻,马上
at times 有时
【佳句背诵】He has got full marks in the English exam for the first time.[学校生活]
他第一次在英语考试中得满分。
【名师点津】in time后可接for sth/to do sth 的形式,意为“及时/来得及做某事”。
【即学即练】用time的相关短语填空/一句多译
(1)If you keep on,you’ll succeed .
(2) ,half the land on the earth’s surface was covered by the forest.
(3) ,I failed in an English exam,though English had been my favourite.
in time
At one time
For the first time
(4)他第二次在物理考试中得满分。
→_________________________________ that he full marks in the physics exam.
→It is the second time him full marks in the physics exam.
→He has got full marks in the physics exam _______________________ .
It/This/That is the second time
has got
for
to get
for the second time
5.used to 过去经常,曾经
be/get/become used to... 习惯于……
be/get accustomed to 习惯于
be used to do sth 被用来做某事
be used as...被用作……
【佳句背诵】When I was a kid,my siblings and I used to have ice cream for dessert.[家庭生活]
在我孩提时,我和我的兄弟姐妹经常吃冰激凌当甜点。
【词语辨析】used to,be/get/become used to,be/get accustomed to,be used to do sth
(1)used to“过去常常”,指的是过去的习惯性动作,目的在于与现在形成对照。其中to是不定式符号,后面跟动词原形。
(2)be/get/become used to“习惯于”,to是介词,后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。be used to表示状态,而get/become used to则表示由“不习惯”到“习惯于”的过程,意思是“(变得)习惯于,开始习惯于”。
(3)be/get accustomed to也可表示“习惯于”,其中to是介词,后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式等作宾语。
(4)be used to do sth“被用来做某事”,实际上是动词use的被动语态,to是不定式符号。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Some people are really not used to (use) credit cards.
(2)他过去常常在网上玩游戏,但是现在他已经戒掉了这个习惯,全身心地投入到学习中去了。
He ________ _________ _________ games on the Internet,but now he has given up the addiction and put his heart into studies.
(3)我已经变得习惯于在喧闹而刺激的房间里工作。
I’ve ____________ _________ _________ working in the room of noise and excitement.
using
used to play
ot/become used to
(4)互联网应是用来获取有用信息的。
The Internet ________ _________ _________ _________ _________ useful information.
(5)——过去在这条街的尽头有一家书店,是吧
——是的。几年前它被拆掉了。
—There used to be a bookstore at the end of the street,
—Yes.It was pulled down several years ago.
should be used to get
didn’t there
6.practical adj.实际的;实践的;切实可行的
(1)for (all) practical purposes 实际上,事实上
(2)practise v.练习,训练
practice v.练习,训练
n.练习,习惯,惯例;实践
practise/practice doing sth 练习做某事
(3)impractical adj.不切实际的;不实用的
【佳句背诵】It’s an interesting idea,but there are many practical difficulties.[个人观点]
这是一个很有意思的想法,然而却存在着许多实际困难。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)The sale was supposed to last for a week,but all practical purposes it’s over.
(2)To be a good football player,you need to practise (play) football every day.
(3)It’s common practice to exchange gifts with friends and relatives at Christmas.
(4)Many people spoke highly of the plan at the meeting,but personally,I don’t think it is of much (practice) use.
for
playing
a
practical
(5)理论是以实践为基础的,反过来又为实践服务。
Theory is based on practice and ________ _________ _________ ________.
(6)摆脱过时且不实用的陈旧的传统观念对我们来说是重要的。
It is important for us to break away from the old traditional ideas which are out of date .
in turn serves practice
and impractical
7.pour v.灌,注,倒;倾泻;不断流动;蜂拥而来
pour down 向下倾注;流下
pour in 大量地涌进来;倒入,使涌入
pour into 投入(倒)……于某物;不断地或大量地流进或涌进
pour out 倒出;倾诉;倾吐
【佳句背诵】After that I poured oil into a pan and turned on the stove.[家庭生活]
然后我把油倒进锅里,打开炉子。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)We listened to him pour his troubles.
(2)Letters of complaint continue to pour .
(3)Thousands of people poured the stadium to watch the football match.
(4)他很着急,汗水沿着他的脸直淌下来。
He was so worried that sweat began to ________ _________ _________ _________.
out
in
into
pour down his
face
(5)祝贺信从全国各地源源不断地涌来。
Letters of congratulations from all parts of the country.
(6)她慢慢地把水从壶里倒进瓶里。
She slowly ________ _________ _________ the bottle from the kettle.
(7)一到家,他喜欢先为自己倒点酒。
He would like to ________ _________ _________ _________for himself the moment he got home.
poured in
poured water into
pour out some wine
8.lack v.缺乏,不足 n.缺乏;无
lack of sth缺乏某物
lack for sth 需要某物
lack for nothing 一无所缺
be lacking in 缺乏(品质、特点等)
for lack of 因缺乏
have no lack of 不缺乏
be short of 缺少
【佳句背诵】Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.[学习生活]
缺乏天赋和时间并不是不采取行动的理由。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Later,he worked in Africa,where many people suffered from blindness
lack of proper treatment.
(2)我们没有力气继续前行,于是就躺在地上睡一会儿。
As we the strength to go any farther,we lay on the ground to have a sleep.
(3)缺少雨水导致了严重的粮食短缺。
________ _________ _________ led to the serious lack of food.
for
lacked
The lack of rain
(4)工程因资金匮乏只得被放弃。
The project had to be given up ________ _________ _________ money.
(5)这姑娘好像完全没有勇气跟老板说不。
The girl seems to be entirely courage to say no to the boss.
(6)毕业后他申请了一份又一份工作,但都因为缺乏经验而被拒绝。
He applied for job after job after graduation,but was always rejected
________ _________ _________ previous experience.
for lack of
short of/lacking in
for lack of
9.access n.进入;接触的机会,通道 v.进入
(1)access to... 进入……的通道
give access to接见; 准许进入
have/gain/get/obtain access to...有/获得……方法
(2)accessible adj.可接近的;可进入的;可使用的
be accessible to sb 某人可接近/可进入/可使用
【佳句背诵】People in that mountain area had no access to education.[学校生活]
那个山区的人们过去没有受教育的机会。
【词语辨析】sb have/has access to sth与sth be accessible to sb常可互换。如:
Books in our school library are accessible to students as well as teachers.
=Students as well as teachers have access to books in our school library.
老师和学生都有权使用我们学校图书馆里的书籍。
The full facts of the case are accessible to only a few people.
=Only a few people have access to the full facts of the case.
只有少数几个人能获得有关该案全部事实的材料。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)The only access the building is across the road.
(2)药品不应放在儿童容易拿到的地方。
Medicine should not be kept where it ________ _________ _________ children.
(3)由于下雪,乡下的许多地方我们都去不了。
Because of the snow,many parts of the countryside are no longer
__________ _________ us.
to
is accessible to
accessible to
(4)只有沿着那条狭窄的路走才能到达他们的房子。
________ _________ _________ their house is along that narrow road.
(5)通向成功的方法是好好利用受教育的机会。
The access is to make good use of the access to education.
(6)最近开发了一种新的软件,能让盲人使用因特网。
A new piece of software has recently been developed,making the Internet
the blind.
The only access to
to success
accessible to
10.worthwhile adj.值得做的;重要的;有益的
(1)it is worthwhile to do/doing sth 值得做某事
(2)worth adj.值得的
be worth doing sth 值得做某事
(3)worthy adj.值得的
be worthy of... 值得……
be worthy to be done/of being done 值得被做
【佳句背诵】Thank you for making my visit so worthwhile.[感谢信]
感谢你们使我的访问如此值得。
【词语辨析】worthwhile,worth与worthy
(1)worthwhile表“值得做的”,基本句式是it is worthwhile doing/to do sth。如:
It is worthwhile searching for his roots.
有必要查查他的底细。
(2)worth强调“某事值得做或表示物品的价值”,基本句式是sth be worth sth或sth be worth doing。如:
The necklace is worth 500 francs at most.
这条项链最多值500法郎。
The novel is worth reading a second time.
这部小说值得再读一遍。
(3)worthy强调“应该得到(尊重、信任、表彰等)”,不表示价值。基本句式是be worthy of sth,be worthy to be done或be worthy of being done。如:
His courage is worthy of high praise.
他的勇气值得高度赞扬。
(4)有时,相同的意思可以用以上三个词组成不同的表达。如:
The place of interest is worth a visit.
=The place of interest is worth visiting.
=The place of interest is worthy to be visited.
=The place of interest is worthy of a visit.
=The place of interest is worthy of being visited.
=It is worthwhile visiting the place of interest.
这处名胜值得参观。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1) is really worthwhile to study the animals in Corbett.
(2)你提的建议值得考虑。
The suggestion you have put forward is worthy of _______________ / .
(3)我在评论中回复了他,但我觉得这值得向我们所有的读者提及。
I answered him in a comment,but I think ________ _________ _________ to all of our readers.
It
consideration
being considered
it’s worth mentioning
(4)那座教堂是那些古老壮观的英国建筑物之一,值得去参观。
The church was one of those fine old English structures worthy
____________________________________________ .
(5)我认为花这么多时间来讨论这件事不值得。
I don’t think it to devote so much time to discussing the matter.
of a visit/to be visited/of being visited
worthwhile
、
多义词汇——自主练透
Ⅰ.一词多义
fuel
A.n.燃料;刺激性言行
B.v.给(某物)加燃料;供给(某物)燃料;给汽车加汽油;加强;刺激
①His comments are bound to add fuel to the debate.
②Delays were caused by the discovery of dangerous fuel leaks.
③Coal is one of the cheapest fuels.
④The economic boom was fuelled by easy credit.
A
A
A
B
Ⅱ.教材熟词生义
presentation
项目 意义 例句
熟义 n. I’m going to ask each of you to make a short presentation.
生义 n. They are preparing for the presentation of a new musical.
报告;陈述,说明
演出
、
重点句式——多维剖析
if only... 要是……就好了;只要
【教材原句】Sometimes I think,if only I could call him and ask for his opinion!
有时我想,要是我能打电话问问他的意见就好了!
(1)if only引导的条件句,通常用来表示说话人对某事所寄予的某种强烈愿望。它可以独立使用,用来表示由于客观条件限制,为某事不大可能或完全不可能实现而感到惋惜或遗憾的复杂心情,常用虚拟语气。表示与过去事实相反:从句用过去完成时had done/had been;表示与现在事实相反:从句用过去时did/were;表示与将来事实相反:从句用could/would/might/should do结构。
If only I were a Goodwill Ambassador!
要是我是一个亲善大使就好了!
If only I had taken your advice!
我要是接受你的建议就好了!
If only I should come to your party tomorrow evening!
明天晚上要是我能来参加你的聚会就好了!
(2)only if引导的条件状语从句,是一个对“条件”限制更严的“限制性条件状语从句”,表示“只有……(才);只有在……的时候,唯一的条件是……”;与if引导的一般条件句相比,它有一种增强主句语势的作用。
I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.
只有闹钟响了,我才会醒。
【佳句背诵】If only he’d remembered to buy some fruit.[人物介绍]
他当时要是记得买些水果来该多好。
【即学即练】用only if/ if only完成句子
(1)He will succeed he does his best.
(2) the case is urgent should you call the doctor in the middle of the night.
(3) I were as clever as you!
(4) you had not told Tom what I said,everything would have been all right.
only if
Only if
If only
If only
Part 3 Grammar
语法冲关 语言规则全理清
情景导入
过去完成时
Oprah Winfery is a talk show hostess,actress and television producer.Thanks to her talent and great effort,she had become a millionaire by the time she was 32.By 2000,with a net worth of $800 million,Oprah had been regarded as the richest African American of the 20th century.Oprah said it was her grandmother who had encouraged her to speak in the public.Although successful in work,she used to have a weight problem.But she hadn’t given up.Surprisingly,she had lost almost 90 pounds through dieting and exercising.
【语法感悟】
过去完成时是由 构成的;其否定形式是 ;
其被动语态是 。
had done
hadn’t/had not done
had been done
语法精讲
一、概念: 表示过去的过去,其构成是had +过去分词
1.肯定句:主语+had+过去分词
2.否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词
3.一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词
肯定回答:Yes,主语+had.
否定回答:No,主语+had not.
4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(had+主语+过去分词)
二、用法
1.表示某一动作在过去某一时刻之前已完成。
He had gone to bed by 10:00 last night.
昨晚十点钟之前他已上床睡觉了。
2.与一般过去时搭配,表达某一动作在过去的动作发生时已完成。
The train had started when I got to the station.
当我到达车站时火车已开走了。
3.表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for (后跟时间段)或since (后跟时间点)等连用。
She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago.
自从二十五年前这所学校开办以来,她一直在这里工作。
4.使用过去完成时在简单句里表达某一动作在过去的某一时刻已完成时,该过去的时刻常以“by +过去时间”的短语来表达。
例如下面的说法是不正确的:
He had gone to bed at 10:00 last night.
若是要说“at 10:00 last night”就必须用一般过去时“He went to bed...”。 试比较下面的句子:
It had rained yesterday.(误)
It rained yesterday.(正)
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)By nine o’clock last night,we (get) 200 pictures from the spaceship.
(2)I thought I (send) the letter a week before.
(3)I returned the book that I (borrow) from the library.
had got
had sent
had borrowed
三、过去完成时常见句型
过去完成时既可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的事情,也可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的动作一直持续到过去某个时间,下面是过去完成时的常见句型:
1.“By the end of +名词(短语),主语 + had done...”
By the end of the day,most of the inhabitants had left their homes.
到这一天结束,大部分居民已离开了他们的家。
2.用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句中,表示动作发生在这些动词之前。
She said that she had never been to Paris.
她说她从未去过巴黎。
3.“By the time + 从句(did/was/were),主语 + had done...”
By the time we arrived,everyone had received medical care.
我们到达时,每个人已接受了医疗护理。
4.“主语 +had done...,before 从句(did/was/were)”
Fortunately,the people had left the village before the volcano erupted.
幸运的是,火山喷发前人们已离开了村庄。
5.“主语 +had done...,when 从句(did/was/were)”
They had already put the fire out when I returned to the village.
当我返回村子时,他们已将大火扑灭。
6.“主语 + (did/was/were),after 从句(had done)”
The earthquake happened in the daytime,after people had already left home for work or school.
地震发生在白天,当时人们已离开家去上班或上学。
7.用在“Hardly(Scarcely/Barely)...when...或No sooner...than...”句型中
Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down.
我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。
No sooner had he left home than it began to rain.
他一离开家天就开始下起雨来。
8.用在“It /This/That was the first...time + that 从句(had done)”中
It was the third time that he had made the same mistake.
这是他第三次犯同样的错误了。
9.用在“It was/had been + 一段时间 + since 从句(had done)”中
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.
我们已经有十年都没这么高兴了。
10.hope,plan,mean,expect,intend,suppose,want,think 等动词有时用过去完成时表示一个本来打算做而未做或曾经设想而未实现的事
They had wanted to help but could not get here in time.
他们本来想帮忙,但未及时赶到这儿。
I had intended to come over to see you,but was prevented from doing so.
我原打算过来看你,但受阻未成。
11.用于表示与过去事实相反的if 虚拟条件句中
If she had seen you yesterday,she would have told you the truth.
如果她昨天见过你,她早就告诉你事实的真相了。
12.用在 wish 后的宾语从句中,表示与过去事实相反
I wished that he hadn’t made such a mistake.
我希望他从未犯过这样的错误。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)I (learn) 900 English words by the time I was ten.
(2)She (live) here for a few years before she moved to Beijing.
(3)By the time my parents reached home yesterday,I (cook) the dinner already.
had learned
had lived
had cooked
四、过去完成时与其他时态的区别
过去完成时有特殊的语法规则,它与其他时态有明显不同,不仅结构上不同,内容、含义上也不同。
1.过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,以现在的时间为基点,侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,其结构为“助动词have (has) + 过去分词”;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,以过去时间为基点,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它。
比较:I have learned 1,000 English words so far.
到目前为止我已经学了1 000 个英语单词。
I had learned 1,000 English words till then.
到那时为止我已经学了1 000 个英语单词。
2.过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,但在使用时应注意以下几点:
(1)时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。
比较:They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.他们昨天十点就到了车站。
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
他们昨天十点到达车站。
(2)在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时,谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断:先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时。
She was very happy.Her whole family were pleased with her,too.She had just won first prize in the composition competition.
她非常高兴。她的全家也对她很满意。她刚在作文比赛中获得一等奖。
(3)当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and 或but 连接时,按时间顺序,只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外,在before、after、as soon as 引导的从句中,由于这些连接词本身已经表示出时间的先后,因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。
He entered the room,turned on the light and read an evening paper.
他走进房间,打开灯,读了一份晚报。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)She didn’t go to bed until she (finish) her work.
(2)When I (wake) up,it (stop) raining already.
(3)After he (arrive) in England,Marx (work) hard to improve his English.
finished
woke
had stopped
arrived
worked(共65张PPT)
Part 1 Reading comprehension
Part 2 Language points
目录索引
Part 1 Reading comprehension
第一步速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1 What is the text mainly about
A.How does social networking affect the author’s life
B.The disadvantages of social networking.
C.How to disconnect from social networking.
D.The advantages of social networking.
答案 A
Activity 2 Read the passage on Pages 14-15 and then match the main idea with each paragraph.
1.Para.1
2.Para.2
3.Para.3
4.Para.4
5.Para.5
6.Para.6
7.Para.7
8.Para.8
A.Mark feels lonely.
B.Social networking dominates Mark’s life.
C.Different feelings about being online and in real life.
D.Mark’s social networking every day.
E.Phones affect Mark’s friends and sister.
F.The problem with social networking.
G.Mark’s terrible feelings.
H.It’s hard to give up phones.
D
A
C
B
G
E
H
F
第二步精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3 阅读文章,选出最佳选项。
1.When does the author live without checking through his social networking apps
A.In a shower.
B.On the way to school.
C.Having a coffee.
D.Having a sound sleep.
答案 D
2.What can we know about the author
A.He has lots of friends online.
B.He is a reserved person.
C.He never attends parties.
D.He never feels lonely.
3.What does the author spend most of his spare time doing
A.Doing homework. B.Playing sports.
C.Going online. D.Watching TV.
答案 A
答案 C
4.What is polite when having a get-together dinner according to the author
A.Taking a call too long.
B.Bending over phones.
C.Having a face-to-face talk.
D.Looking out of the window.
答案 C
Activity 4 思考分享 提升思维
1.How does the cellphone influence your life
2.Suppose you are Mark,talk about your life with your partner.
The answer is open.
The answer is open.
Activity 5 诵读佳句 学练写作
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence(s) describing Mark’s routine activities online.
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence(s)
describing the reasons why Mark can’t drop social networking.
(1)As soon as I open eyes in the morning,I check through all my social networking apps,read my emails and answer text messages.
(2)I’m still scrolling through my friends’ silly posts and photos.
I can’t even imagine going without social networking for a week—think of all the important appointments,invitations and news updates you would miss!
第三步深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6 长难句分析
1.I obsess over exactly how many followers I have on my account,but I can’t remember the birthdays of some of my oldest mates.
[句式分析]
I obsess over exactly how many followers I have on my account,but I can’t remember the birthdays of some of my oldest mates.
引导宾语从句
并列连词表转折
[尝试翻译]
我痴迷于我的账号上到底有多少粉丝,但我不记得一些老伙伴的生日。
2.Some spent the dinner bending over their phones,texting friends online but ignoring the ones who sat right in front of them.
[句式分析]
Some spent the dinner bending over their phones,texting friends online but ignoring the ones sat right in front of them.
引导定语从句
分词作状语
[尝试翻译]
who
一些人在晚餐时低头看手机,给网上的朋友发短信,但忽略了坐在他们正前方的人。
Part 2 Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
重点单词
必记写作词汇
1. vt.处理(难题);应付(局面)
2. vt.使生气,使心烦意乱
adj.烦恼的,心烦意乱的
3. adj.羞愧的;内疚的;惭愧的
4. vt.提出,提起
5. n.方式,方法
6. adj.敏感的;善解人意的
7. adv.持续不断地
handle
upset
ashamed
raise
manner
sensitive
constantly
8. n.流动 vi.流,流动
9. vt.与某人交往
10. adv.几乎不
11. adj.含蓄的;内敛的
12. n.现实;真实
13. vi.& vt.努力赢得
n.追逐,追赶
14. adj.拼命的;绝望的
15. adj.沮丧的,忧愁的
flow
associate
barely
reserved
reality
chase
desperate
depressed
16. vi.& vt.推迟,延期
17. vi.唠叨,喋喋不休
18. vi.& vt.弯腰;俯身
19. vi.& vt.抱怨;不满;发牢骚
20. n.约定;约会
delay
chatter
bend
complain
appointment
识记阅读词汇
1.feedback n.
2.highlight vt.
3.tense n.
4.social networking
5.socialise vi.
6.laptop n.
7.app n.
8.dorm n.
反馈意见
标出;突出显示
时态
社交网络
交友;交际;交往
笔记本电脑,便携式电脑
应用程序
寝室,学生宿舍
9.wired adj.
10.distracted adj.
11.million n.
12.obsess vt.
13.mate n.
14.dominate vi.& vt.
15.deadline n.
16.scroll vi.
17.inch n.
联网的;极其兴奋的
心神不定的,精神无法集中的
百万
使迷恋
朋友,伙伴
主宰,支配,控制
截止日期,最后期限
上下滚动
英寸
18.stimulation n.
19.intense adj.
20.extraordinary adj.
21.alcoholic n.
adj.
22.booze n.
23.hard-wired adj.
刺激
紧张的,激烈的;剧烈的
令人惊奇的,异乎寻常的
酗酒者,嗜酒成瘾者
(含)酒精的
酒
硬件控制的;天生的
串记拓展词汇
1. n.偏爱,偏好→ vt.更喜欢;宁可,宁愿
2. n.意图,目的;打算→ v.计划,意欲,打算→ adv.一心一意地;心无旁骛地;专心地
3. adj.要求严格的;费力的→ v.& n.要求
4. adj.有效的→ n.影响→ adv.有效地
5. adj.无礼的→ adv.无礼地,粗鲁地→ n.无礼,粗鲁
preference
prefer
intention
intend
intently
demanding
demand
effective
effect
effectively
rude
rudely
rudeness
【掌握构词规律 快速记牢单词】
-ive表示“具有……性质的”,如:effective 有效的;active积极的;creative创造性的;expensive 昂贵的;interactive交互式的
重点短语
1.obsess over
2.chatter away
3.way beyond
4.go cold turkey
5. 事实上
6. 追逐
7. 与某人交往
对……担心
喋喋不休
远远超过
突然戒掉烟、酒、网瘾
in reality
chase after
associate with
要点探究 能力素养全提升
、
基础词汇——语境记忆
flow n.流动 vi.流动,流
【佳句背诵】Her tears flowed freely down her cheeks.[情感描写]
她的眼泪止不住地顺着面颊往下流。
.、
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.preference n.偏爱,偏好
(1)have a preference for... 偏爱……
give preference to...给予……优惠/优待
show preference for 显示偏好
in preference to 而不是
(2)prefer v.更喜欢,偏爱
prefer A to B 与B相比,更喜欢A
prefer to do...rather than do...宁愿做……,也不愿做……
【佳句背诵】We’ll give preference to children and the aged.[社会生活]
我们将给儿童和老人优待。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Parents should not show preference any one of their children.
(2)他表示更希望出国留学。
He expressed his ____________ _________ going abroad for further education.
(3)对于求职者,我们优先考虑有一定经验的人。
In considering people for jobs,we ________ _____________ _________those with some experience.
for
preference for
give preference to
(4)即使在假期,王先生也喜欢读书而不愿闲着。
Even on holidays Mr Wang reading doing nothing.
(5)我们宁愿晚上加班,也不愿把工作留到下一个星期。
We to work extra hours at night leave the work until next week.
(6)我更喜欢住在乡下的一个原因是那儿没有空气污染和交通堵塞。
One reason for my for living in the countryside is that it has no air pollution or traffic jams.
prefers
to
prefer
rather than
preference
2.ashamed adj.羞愧的;内疚的;惭愧的
(1)be/feel ashamed of (doing) sth 对(做)某事感到羞耻
be/feel ashamed of oneself for doing sth 因为做某事而感到羞耻/羞愧
be ashamed to do sth 以做某事为耻;羞于做某事
(2)shame n.羞耻;羞愧;惭愧;令人惋惜的事;让人遗憾的事(=pity)
in shame 羞愧地
to one’s shame 使某人惭愧的是
it’s a shame (that)...令人遗憾的是……
what a shame 真遗憾/真可惜/真可耻
(3)shameful adj.可耻的,丢脸的
【佳句背诵】We are often ashamed of our shortcomings,our mistakes and our failures.[个人观点]
我们常常为自己的缺点、错误和失败而感到羞愧。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)He is ashamed his former dishonourable action.
(2)我羞于告诉他我考试不及格。
I ________ _________ _________ _________that I had failed in the exam.
of
was ashamed to tell him
(3)你应该为考试作弊而羞愧。
You should __________ _________ _________ for having cheated in the exam.
(4)真遗憾,这场雨把我们的野餐给毁了。
_______ _________ _________ the rain spoiled our picnic.
be/feel ashamed of yourself
It’s a shame that
3.intention n.意图,目的;打算
(1)with the intention of (doing) sth 带着(做)某事的目的
(2)intend vt.想要,打算;为特殊目的而设计
intend to do sth/intend doing sth 打算做某事
intend to have done sth/had intended to do sth 原本想做某事
intend sb to do sth 打算要某人做某事
be intended for...为……打算/设计
【佳句背诵】Using emojis can add humour and feeling,keeping intention clear.[人际交往]
使用表情符号可以增加幽默和感情,保持意图清晰。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)I held back not knowing his real (intend).
(2)这档节目是为五至七岁的儿童开设的。
The programme ________ _________ _________ the children aged between 5 and 7.
(3)他原本打算告诉她这个消息的,但被他的妈妈拦住了。
He to tell her the news,but was prevented by his mother.
intention
is intended for
had intended
(4)我开始读这本书时想读完它,可是我从来没把它读完过。
I began reading ________ _________ _________ _________finishing the book,but I never did.
(5)我们原打算在那个下雨的下午去远足,但被父母说服了,放弃了那个疯狂的计划。
We to go hiking on that rainy afternoon,but were talked out of the crazy plan by our parents.
(6)让父母担心的是,他们的儿子虽然已经三十多岁了,却丝毫没有结婚的打算。
What worried the parents was that their son,though already in his thirties,had not the slightest of marrying.
with the intention of
had intended
intention
4.demanding adj.要求严格的;要求多的;费力的;吃力的
demand n.要求,请求 v.要求,请求
demand sth from/of sb 向某人要求某物
demand that...要求……,请求……(虚拟语气)
demand to do sth 要求做某事
sth demand doing=sth demand to be done 某事(物)需要被……
in great demand 非常需要的
meet/satisfy the demand of...满足……的要求
【佳句背诵】This kind of work is both dangerous and demanding.[工作生活]
这种工作既危险,要求又严格。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)The students demanded that the library (open) at weekends.
(2)我爷爷的唯一要求就是在他去世后把他埋在他的家乡。
My grandfather’s only demand is that he ________ _________ _________ in his hometown after his death.
(3)秘书要求将她的工资再涨20%,老板当然不同意。
The secretary demanded that her salary ________ _________ _________ by another 20%,which of course met with the boss’s disapproval.
(should) be open
should be buried
should be raised
(4)这所乡村小学需要很多老师。
Teachers are ________ _________ _________ in this village primary school.
(5)我发现满足他的所有要求几乎是不可能的。
I find it almost impossible ________ _________ _________ _________
___________.
in great demand
to satisfy all his
demands
5.manner n.方式,方法;礼貌;态度
in the manner of...用……的方式
in a...manner 以……的方式
good manners 有礼貌
bad manners 没礼貌
it’s good/bad manners to do sth 做某事是有/没礼貌的
【佳句背诵】I strongly disapprove of her manner of saying it.[个人观点]
我强烈反对她说话的方式。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)The Swiss follow formal table (manner).
(2)你吃着东西的时候说话是不礼貌的。
It’s to talk with your mouth full of food.
(3)排队等候是有礼貌的行为。
________ _________ _________ to wait in line.
(4)他待我们非常友好。
He treats us ________ _________ _________ _________.
manners
bad manners
It is good manners
in a friendly manner
6.associate v.与某人交往;联想,联系 adj.非正式的,副职的 n.伙伴
(1)associate A with B 将A 与B 联系起来
be associated with...与……有关联
business associate 生意伙伴
(2)association n.联想,联合;社团
in association with...与……有关联
【佳句背诵】Bamboo plants are associated with health,abundance and a happy home.[传统文化]
竹子与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。
【名师点津】表示“有联系,结合”的常见表达还有:
combine A with B 将A与B 结合起来
bond with sb 与某人建立关系
connect A to B 将A与B 连接起来
be linked to/with 与……有关系
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)He is associate editor of the newspaper.
(2)我不想和他的计划有任何瓜葛。
I don’t want to his plan.
an
be associated with
7.reserved adj.含蓄的;内敛的;保留的;预订的
(1)reserve vt.& n.预订,预约;保留;储备;(动植物)保护区
reserve sth for (sb/sth) 为(某人/某物)预订/预约(座位、房间等)
reserve the right 拥有权利
in reserve 储备;备用
(2)reservation n.保留意见;疑惑;(旅馆、房间等的)预订,预约
express reservations 持保留意见
make reservations/a reservation 预订,预约
without reservation 毫无保留地
【佳句背诵】These seats are reserved for special guests.[场景介绍]
这些座位是留给贵宾的。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)She is not usually so (reserve).
(2)你预订了我们的飞机座位没有
Have you ________ _________ _________ on the plane
(3)我们总是存一些钱备用。
We always keep some money .
(4)委员会的一些成员对这项提议持保留态度。
Some members of the committee about the proposal.
reserved
reserved our seats
in reserve
expressed reservations
8.reality n.现实;真实;事实,现实(的事物)
(1)in reality 事实上,实际上
come into reality 实现
(2)real adj.真实的,现实的
really adv.真实地,现实地
realistic adj.现实的;现实主义的
realise vt.实现;意识到,了解
【佳句背诵】I try to convince him of the reality of the danger.[人物介绍]
我试图使他相信危险的确存在。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)I (real) don’t know what to write about.
(2)This is not imagination,but (real).
(3)Our income has got smaller,so we must be (real) and sell our car.
(4) reality,my grandfather can no longer walk.
(5)他看上去很自信,但实际上他很腼腆。
He seems self-confident,but he is very shy.
really
reality
realistic
In
in reality
9.obsess v.使迷恋;着迷;困扰
be obsessed by sth被某事烦扰
be obsessed with sb 痴迷于某人
be obsessing about sth 唠叨;挂牵
obsess over... 对……过分担心
【佳句背诵】The fear of death obsessed her throughout her old age.[人物介绍]
她晚年一直受死亡恐惧的困扰。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)David (obsess) with a girl he had just met.
(2)企业家必须了解他们所面临的竞争情况,但是也不必对此担心。
Entrepreneurs must know their competition,but not it.
was obsessed
obsess over
10.desperate adj.拼命的;绝望的;不顾一切的;很渴望的
(1)be desperate to do sth 很想做某事
be desperate for sth 渴望某物
(2)desperately adv.绝望地;极度地
desperation n.不顾一切;绝望
【佳句背诵】The situation was desperate but not hopeless.[情景描写]
这种情形令人绝望,但也不是全无希望。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)I (desperate) tried to determine which maths problem I would get.
(2)他现在极其渴望通过入学考试。
He _______ ______________ _________ ________ the entrance exam now.
(3)就在我的房间上面,我听到了绝望挣扎的声音。
I heard sounds of ________ _________ _________ just above my room.
(4)培训结束后,我被派到那个迫切需要合理改善住房的小村子。
After completing my training,I was sent to the village that was small and
in need of proper accommodation.
desperately
is desperate to pass
a desperate struggle
desperately
11.delay v.& n.推迟;延期;延误
delay doing sth 推迟做某事
be delayed by...因……而延误
without delay 赶快,立刻
【佳句背诵】It was considerate of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.[人物介绍]
迈克尔通知我们他要晚点到,以免我们担心,真是考虑周到。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)I’m terribly sorry for having delayed (answer) your letter.
(2)本来我可以更早点儿到,但是公交车因为交通堵塞而延误了。
I could have arrived earlier,but the bus by the heavy traffic.
(3)我想我们应该明年再做这个决定。
I think we should delay about this until next year.
(4)伤者应该被立即送到附近的医院。
The injured should be sent to the nearby hospital .
answering
was delayed
making a decision
without delay
12.bend v.弯腰;俯身;向下弯
bend over 弯腰,俯身
be bent on doing sth 一心想要做某事;决心要做某事
bend one’s mind to sth 专心于某事
bend (sb) to sth (迫使某人)屈服,顺从
【佳句背诵】The branch bent but didn’t break when the boy climbed along it.[人物介绍]
那男孩爬上树枝时,树枝弯曲了,但是没有折断。
【名师点津】“决定/决心做某事”的表达还有:decide to do sth;make a decision to do sth;make up one’s mind to do sth;determine to do sth;be determined to do sth
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Jim seems to be (bend) on becoming a musician.
(2)John is bent on (make) progress in English.
(3)He decided (take) part in the dancing contest to be held next month.
(4)I’m (determine) to go to Beijing for further study.
(5)She bent (she) mind to do the new work.
(6)他弯腰拾起一枚银币。
He and picked up a silver coin.
bent
making
to take
determined
her
bent over
plain v.抱怨;不满;发牢骚
(1)complain (to sb) about/of/that...(向某人)抱怨……
complain of sth 诉说(病痛等)
(2)complaint n.抱怨;投诉
make a complaint against/about...对……进行投诉
【佳句背诵】The tourist complained that the room was too dirty.[旅游生活]
游客抱怨说房间太脏了。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)She complained me about his rudeness.
(2)Funny (complaint) can wear people out.
(3)去年由于浓雾,市民抱怨不能呼吸新鲜空气。
The citizens not being able to breathe fresh air because of the thick fog last year.
(4)我写信来投诉你们糟糕的快递服务。
I am writing to ________ _________ _________ _____________your bad delivery service.
to
complaints
complained of
make a omplaint against/about
14.appointment n.约定;约会;任命;委任
(1)have an appointment with sb 与某人有个约会
by appointment 通过预约
take up an appointment 就职;上任
(2)appoint vt.任命,委任;指定(时间、地点)
the appointed time 指定的/约定的时间
appoint sb as /to be+职位 任命某人担任某职位(职位前不用冠词)
【佳句背诵】He wants to change his appointment from Monday to Wednesday.[个人生活]
他想把他的约会从星期一改到星期三。
【即学即练】用appoint的适当形式填空/单句写作
(1)Mr Davie was as Acting Director-General on Saturday.
(2)In August,2019,he returned to the government after as Deputy Minister of Justice.
(3)Mr Fay is to take up an as a researcher.
(4)总统任命了一位平民做国防部长。
The president ___________ _________ _________ _________defence secretary.
appointed
being appointed
appointment
appointed a civilian as
、
多义词汇——自主练透
Ⅰ.一词多义
raise
A.vt.举起 B.vt.筹集 C.vt.引起,激起 D.vt.养育 E.vt.提出
①The mayor’s remarks at the meeting raised people’s doubt about the development next.
②Feeling someone walking into his study,Jack raised his eyes from his book.
③Susan’s parents passed away when she was very young,and she was raised by her aunt on a farm.
④The singers held a concert to raise money for those homeless.
⑤The book raises many important issues for our consideration.
C
A
D
B
E
Ⅱ.教材熟词生义
1.handle
项目 意义 例句
熟义 v. An officer must know how to handle his men.
生义 n. Then he turned the handle and went in.
vt. Wash your hands before you handle food.
vt. The shop near my home does not handle beer and cigarette.
处理(难题);应付(局面)
把手
(用手)触,摸,拿,抓(某物)
买卖(某物)
2.upset
项目 意义 例句
熟义 adj. She was really upset about the way her father treated her.
生义 v. The sight of physical suffering always upsets me.
n. Markets are very sensitive to any upset in the Japanese economic machine.
烦恼的,心烦意乱的
使生气,使心烦意乱
扰乱;不安
、
重点句式——多维剖析
1.分数作主语
【教材原句】According to research,over two-thirds of young people find it easier to make friends online than it is “in real life”.
根据一项调查,超过三分之二的年轻人认为在网上交友比在“现实生活”中更容易。
(1)分子基数词,分母序数词;分子大于1,分母加“s”,分母若是2和4,half,quarter可代替。
Only one-fifth of air consists of oxygen.
氧气只占空气的五分之一。
(2)分数还可用“...out of...”或“...in...”来表示。
About two out of three students attended the meeting.
大约三分之二的学生参加了会议。
(3)在口语中,a third/a half/a quarter/a fourth比one-third/one half/one quarter/one fourth常见。
However,the number of boys will be a third or less than that of the girls in the class.
但是,班里男生的人数将比女生少三分之一或更少。
(4)分数/百分数+of,谓语动词常与of后的名词在数上保持一致。
About seven-tenths of the earth is covered by the ocean.
约十分之七的地球被海洋覆盖。
【佳句背诵】About one-third of the books are well worth reading.[学习生活]
大约三分之一的书很值得一读。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)According to a survey,four out of five women housework at home.
(2)昨天五分之二的学生上学迟到。
of the students were late for school yesterday.
(3)一半的听众对冗长的演讲感到厌烦。
Half of the audience tired of the long lecture.
do
Two-fifths
were
2.It+be+adj.+that从句
【教材原句】It’s funny that my friends and I chatter away online so much,but we end up having nothing to say when we meet.
有趣的是,我和我的朋友经常在网上畅聊,但我们见面时却无话可说。
(1)It+be+形容词+that从句
常用于该句型的形容词有obvious,possible,likely,necessary,important,
impossible,strange,natural,advisable等。
注意:当形容词为essential,necessary,important,surprising,desirable,impossible,
strange,natural,advisable等时,表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等,that从句要用虚拟语气,其谓语用“should+动词原形”,其中should可以省略。
(2)It+be+名词(短语)+that从句
常用于该句型的名词(短语)有duty,a fact,a good thing,good news,an honour,
no surprise,a pity,a shame等。注意a pity,a shame后面的that从句有时要用虚拟语气,其谓语为“should+动词原形”,其中should可以省略,表示惊讶、遗憾等。
(3)It+be+过去分词+that从句
常用于该句型的过去分词有:一坚持(insist);二命令(order,command);四建议(suggest,advise,recommend,propose);五要求(demand,require,request,desire,
ask)等。that从句要用虚拟语气,其谓语为“should+动词原形”,其中should可以省略,表示建议、命令等。
(4)It+不及物动词(短语)+从句
常用于该句型的不及物动词(短语)有seem,appear,happen,matter,turn out等。
【佳句背诵】It is obvious that she doesn’t like the play.[个人观点]
很明显,她不喜欢这个戏剧。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)It is necessary that we (clean) the room every day.
(2)昨晚他工作到深夜,所以今天他很可能会上班迟到。
He worked deep into night last night. ______ ________ ________ he will be late for work today.
(should) clean
It is likely that(共49张PPT)
Part 1 Reading comprehension
Part 2 Language points
目录索引
Part 1 Reading comprehension
第一步速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1 What’s the main idea of the text on pages 22-23
A.Everyone has a personality.
B.Attitudes towards introverts and extroverts.
C.Factors in shaping one’s personality.
D.An introduction to extroverts and introverts.
答案 D
Activity 2 阅读P21课文内容,搭配段落大意。
1.Paragraph 1
2.Paragraph 2
3.Paragraph 3
4.Paragraph 4
A.Ways of peer pressure’s influence.
B.Bullying from peer pressure.
C.Definition of peer pressure.
D.Solutions to peer pressure.
C
A
B
D
第二步精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3 根据P22课文内容,选择正确答案。
1.What do we know about introverts according to the text
A.Sociable. B.Talkative.
C.Self-confident. D.Reserved.
2.Why do extroverts tend to go shopping when feeling bad
A.They like to act first, and then think later.
B.They enjoy being surrounded by people.
C.They tend to speak freely before analyzing.
D.They prefer to spend money with other people.
答案 D
答案 B
3.What do introverts typically do
A.Managers. B.Teachers.
C.Inventors. D.Politics.
4.What can we safely say about introverts and extroverts
A.Both of them are made not born.
B.Introverts lead a happier life than extroverts.
C.Different cultures value personalities differently.
D.Neither of them is influenced by the environment.
答案 C
答案 C
Activity 4 思考分享 提升思维
1.How does peer pressure affect you
2.How would you take advantage of your personalities to improve your relationships with others
The answer is open.
The answer is open.
Activity 5 诵读佳句 学练写作
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences about peer pressure.
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences about introverts.
(1)Peer pressure can happen when we are influenced to do something that we would not usually do because we want to be accepted by our peers.
(2)Peer pressure can influence how people dress,how they talk,what music they listen to,what attitudes they adopt and how they behave.
(1)Introverts,on the other hand,look inwards.They feel more comfortable alone and enjoy ideas and thinking.
(2)Interestingly,research shows that people who live on islands tend to be more introverted.
第三步深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6 课文语篇填空
Different people have different personality qualities.However,there are some 1. (share) personality qualities,one of 2. is between extroverts and introverts.3. the one hand,extroverts are people who look outwards.They are 4. (friend),sociable,talkative,enthusiastic and self-confident.Typical extrovert jobs 5. (be) in politics,sales,
teaching and management.Introverts,on 6. other hand,look inwards.
They feel more comfortable alone and enjoy ideas and 7. (think).
Introverts often work as artists,writers,engineers and 8. (invent).
shared
which
On
friendly
are
the
thinking
inventors
Some people say that extroverts and introverts are born not made.Others believe that the environment is more important in shaping 9. (one) personality.Studies have also found that extroverts have 10. (high) happiness levels than introverts.
one’s
higher
Activity 7 长难句分析
1.In one study,a student who knew the correct answer to a question actually gave the wrong answer because all the others in the class gave the wrong answer and he didn’t want to be different.
[句式分析]
In one study,a student who knew the correct answer to a question actually gave the wrong answer because all the others in the class gave the wrong answer
and he didn’t want to be different.
引导定语从句
并列连词
主语
谓语
宾语
引导原因状语从句
[尝试翻译]
在一项研究中,知道正确答案的学生实际上给出了错误的答案,因为班上其他人都给出了错误的答案,而他不想与众不同。
2.Unfortunately,some bullies are popular and may even lead the peer group,which means others are less likely to challenge their behaviour.
[句式分析]
Unfortunately,some bullies are popular and may even lead the peer group,which means others are less likely to challenge their behaviour.
并列连词
引导非限制性定语从句
宾语从句
[尝试翻译]
不幸的是,一些恶霸很受欢迎,甚至可能领导同伴群体。这意味着其他人不太可能挑战他们的行为。
Part 2 Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
重点单词
必记写作词汇
1. n.邀请
2. n.代表……
3. n.话题,题目
4. n.参与
5. adv.真诚地,由衷地
6. vi.应在(某处);适应
invitation
behalf
topic
engagement
sincerely
belong
识记阅读词汇
1.innovation n.
2.clarity n.
3.fluency n.
4.progression n.
5.principle n.
6.unmotivated adj.
7.politics n.
8.contrast n.
vt.
9.motivation n.
革新,创新
清楚,清晰
流畅,熟练
变化,发展
原则;行为准则
不积极的,不主动的
政治,政治活动
差异,差别
形成对比
动力,积极性
串记拓展词汇
1. vt.组织,筹划→ n.组织者→ n.组织
2. n.选手,参赛者→ vi.比赛→ n.比赛→ adj.竞争的→ adv.竞争地
3. n.赞许;同意→ vi.赞许;同意
4. vi.& vt.保护,保卫→ n.防御;保护;防卫;防卫设备
organise
organiser
organisation
competitor
compete
competition
competitive
competitively
approval
approve
defend
defence
【掌握构词规律 快速记牢单词】
名词后缀-al
withdraw→withdrawal 退出
arrive→arrival 到达
survive→survival 幸存
approve→approval 支持
revive→revival 复兴
重点短语
1. 代表某人
2. 占据
3.in contrast to
on behalf of sb
take up
和……对比
要点探究 能力素养全提升
、
基础词汇——语境记忆
1.invitation n.邀请
【佳句背诵】Shortly afterwards,John received an invitation to a concert.[邀请信]
之后约翰收到了去音乐会的邀请。
2.progression n.发展,变化
【佳句背诵】The progression of the disease can be retarded by early surgery.[倡议信]
早期手术可以抑制病情的发展。
.、
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.organise v.组织,筹划
(1)organise sb/sth into sth 把……组成……
organised adj.有组织的,系统的
(2)organiser n.组织者,安排者
organisation n.组织;机构
【佳句背诵】You have to organise the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries.[家庭生活]
你得组织孩子们的活动,付账单和买东西。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)“People fear what they don’t know,” said Nancy Hotchkiss,an __________ (organise) of the exhibition.
(2)His application for membership of the (organise) was rejected.
(3)You begin to understand how Chinese speakers have their thoughts
(organise).
(4)We’ll organise this business two separate companies.
(5)我们将组织一些学生参加篮球队。
We’ll the basketball team.
organiser
organisation
organised
into
organise some students into
2.competitor n.选手,参赛者;竞争者;对手
(1)compete vi.比赛,竞争
compete in 参加……比赛
compete for 为争取……而竞争
compete with/against sb 同某人竞争
(2)competition n.竞争
competitive adj.竞争的,有竞争力的
【佳句背诵】That company is a strong competitor of us.[工作与学习]
那个公司是我们强有力的竞争对手。
【即学即练】用compete的适当形式填空/单句写作
(1)Which do you think is the most in the English speech
(2)Our company is highly because our products are of high quality.
(3) from 12 countries will for the first gold medal,
so you can imagine how the will be.
(4)The young tennis player has often with famous players,but so far he has always been beaten.
competitor
competitive
competition
competitive
Competitors
compete
competitive
competition
competed
(5)In real , a tai chi master borrows the strength of the
and uses this energy to fight back.
(6)那两位朋友在当班长一事上是竞争对手。
The two friends ________ _________ _________ _________of monitor.
competition
competitor
compete for the position
3.engagement n.参与;约会;约定;订婚;婚约;雇用;交战
(1)engagement for... ……的约会
an engagement with sb 与某人交战
(2)engage v.雇用;与……交战;答应;订婚;预定;参加;从事
engage in 参加;从事;忙于
(3)engaged adj.忙碌的;已订婚的
be engaged to... 与……订婚
【佳句背诵】Their engagement was announced in the papers.[人物介绍]
他们订婚的消息登报了。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)He broke off his (engage) to her.
(2)He was engaged my sister.
(3)He engaged a serious study of the problem.
(4)那位将军竭力避免与敌军交战。
The general tried to avoid _______ _____________ _________ the enemy.
engagement
to
in
an engagement with
4.take up 占据(时间或空间);拿起;开始;从事;继续做
take over 夺取;接管
take over to 移交;遗留给
take along 随身带着
take away 带走,使离去
take in 接纳;收容;消化;吸收;理解;欺骗
take off 脱;去掉;起飞;突然成功
take out 拿出,取出
take after 与……相像
take on 呈现;具有;担任(工作);承担(责任);雇用
take back 退回;收回;接回
take to 爱;喜欢;沉迷于
【佳句背诵】It is necessary for us to take up productive labour.[社会实践]
我们需要从事生产劳动。
【即学即练】用适当的介词填空/单句写作
(1)He took his coat and sat down.
(2)After 1978 the farm began to take a new look.
(3)When did he take football
(4)I’m going to take the company one day.
(5)His sister took knitting in her spare time.
(6)In her gentle nature,Mary takes her mother.
(7)因为他心不在焉,所以不知道自己在读些什么。
He did not ________ _________ _________ _________ _________ because his mind was on something else.
off
on
up
over
to
after
take in what he read
5.belong to... 是……的成员;属于……
(1)belong to无进行时态。
My brother is belonging to the school football team now.(误)
My brother belongs to the school football team now.(正)
我的弟弟现在是学校足球队的一员。
(2)belong to无被动语态,也不用过去分词表示被动。
The tiger is belonged to the cat family.(误)
The tiger belongs to the cat family.(正)
老虎属于猫科动物。
(3)belong to不接名词性物主代词或名词所有格。
The diamond necklace belongs to mine.(误)
The diamond necklace belongs to me.(正)
这条钻石项链是我的。
The new bicycle belongs to my sister’s.(误)
The new bicycle belongs to my sister.(正)
这辆新自行车是我妹妹的。
【佳句背诵】If you, your children, or your pets break anything that belongs to your neighbour,you should pay for it.[个人观点]
如果你、你的孩子或你的宠物把属于你邻居的任何东西损坏,你都应该赔偿。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)A recent study of public opinion shows that in modern Britain most people belong the middle class.
(2)威廉教授一直告诫他的学生:未来属于受过良好教育的人。
Professor William keeps telling his students that the future ________ _______ the well-educated.
(3)把那把椅子放回原处。
Put that chair back where it ________ _______.
to
belongs to
belongs to
6.approval n.赞许;同意;认可;批准
(1)approve v.批准;赞成;同意;称许
approve of 赞成,赞许;认可
(2)disapprove v.不赞成;不同意;不批准
【佳句背诵】We should submit our plans to the council for approval.[社会生活]
我们应该向理事会提交计划以求批准。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Her father will never approve her marriage to Tom.
(2)他在学校表现不错,希望以此得到他父母的赞许。
By doing well at school he hoped to win .
(3)如果你父母同意这个计划,你可以加入这个班。
You can join the class if your parents ________ _________ _________ .
of
his parents’ approval
approve of the
plan
(4)我同意你去试着挣一些钱,可是不要忽视了学业。
I ________ _________ _________ _________to earn some money,but don’t neglect your studies.
(5)——他的父母赞同他的婚事吗
——不,他们不赞成。他违背父母的意愿,娶了这个女孩。
—Did his parents his marriage
—No,they didn’t.He married the girl against his parents’ will.
approve of your trying
approve of
7.defend v.保护,保卫;辩护;防守
(1)defend...from/against...保护……使不受……,为……辩护
defend oneself 自卫
(2)defence n.防御;辩护;防卫
in defence of 为……辩护;防卫
in one’s defence 为某人辩护
【佳句背诵】He undertook to defend this attitude.[人物介绍]
他答应为这一态度辩护。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Some players are better at (defend).
(2)他参军是为了保卫祖国。
He joined the army in order his motherland.
(3)我们应该保卫我们的国家以抵御外敌。
We should defend our country its enemies.
(4)我们应保护地球免受污染。
We should defend the earth _____________ _________ _________ .
defending
to defend
from/against
from/against being polluted
8.in contrast to... 和……对比
(1)当无比较对象时,还可以写成in contrast;in还可以被by取代,构成by/in contrast,意为“相反;相比之下”。
(2)contrast后面常接to,偶尔也接with,表示“对比或相反的东西”。
(3)in contrast with和in contrast to的区别:两者均可以解释为“和……做对比”,但后者的用法较为普遍。
【佳句背诵】He looks healthier in contrast to his former self.[人物介绍]
他与以前相比,显得更健康些。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1) contrast,others insist on reading extensively.
(2)她考试差点不及格,而她的妹妹相比之下考得很好。
She had almost failed the exam,but her sister, , had done very well.
(3)和她哥哥完全不一样,她对别人总是很体贴。
her elder brother,she was always considerate in her treatment of others.
In
by/in contrast
In contrast to/with
9.progression n.变化,发展
progress n.进步;发展;前进
v.进步;发展;缓速前进;促进
in progress 进行中
progress in 在……方面取得进展
progress to 发展成
【佳句背诵】The student is showing rapid progress in his studies.[学习生活]
这个学生在学习上进步很快。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
(1)Mary is progressing art of cooking;her meals are becoming more delicious.
(2)Later he progressed running a store.
(3)Preparations for the meeting are progress.
(4)It consists of the gradual (progress) of one life stage to another.
(5)她一开始做清洁工,后来发展到经营公司。
She started with a cleaning job,and running the company.
in
to
in
progression
progressed to
、
重点句式——多维剖析
1.that引导的定语从句
【教材原句】Peer pressure can happen when we are influenced to do something that we would not usually do because we want to be accepted by our peers.
当我们被影响去做一些我们通常不会做的事情时,同伴压力就会发生,因为我们想要被我们的同伴接受。
下列情形也只能用that引导定语从句:
(1)先行词被all,each,few,much,every,no,some,any等不定代词修饰时。
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
(3)先行词既有人又有物时。
(4)主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时。
(5)先行词被the only,the very,the last等修饰时。
(6)关系代词在从句中作表语时。
【佳句背诵】All that glitters is not gold.[名人名言]
闪光的不一定是黄金。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited.
(2)这是我写的第二本书。
This is the second book I have ever written.
(3)这正是我在找的书。
This is the very book I am looking for.
that
that
that
2.状语从句的省略
【教材原句】When feeling bad or stressed,introverts look inside themselves for energy and motivation.
感觉不好或有压力时,内向的人会从内心寻找能量和动力。
(1)当状语从句的主语与主句主语相同或是it,谓语含有be动词时,状语从句的主语与be动词常被省略。
(2)表示时间、条件、让步、方式等的状语从句中,如果从句的主语跟主句的主语一致,就可将从句省略成“连词+分词”形式。“连词 + 现在分词”表示主动;“连词 + 过去分词”表示被动。
【佳句背诵】I paid a visit to the Great Wall while (I was) in Beijing.[旅游生活]
我在北京期间参观了长城。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Generally speaking,a new product will sell better if (promote) with an advertising campaign.
(2)在实验室做实验时,发生任何变化都要仔细观察。
Observe carefully if any change occurs when ________ _______________ _______ _________ _______.
(3)那个男孩不耐烦地到处跑,好像在寻找在操场上丢失的什么东西。
The boy is running impatiently here and there as if __________ ________ something lost on the playground.
(4)这个女孩学习很刻苦,尽管她身体还很虚弱。
The girl studies very hard though ________ _________ _________ .
promoted
doing experiments
in the lab
looking for
still rather weak
