(共76张PPT)
UNIT 12 INNOVATION
Section A TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1
素养导航 明目标
语言
能力 必背
单词 innovation gifted donate correspond instant
launch perceive accuracy efficiently propose
emerge overcome decline availability explode
mass regulate preserve
重点
短语 in spite of rely on rather than adapt to figure out
go out single out come up with as a result up and down
核心语法 形容词,介词短语和短语介词
主题写作 写一篇人物介绍
文化
意识 用客观理性的思想评价科学先驱和技术革新
树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观
思维
品质 深入理解科学家们的贡献
积极看待和接受科技创新
学会理性看待科学发明,培养独立思考的优秀品质和科学探索精神
学习
能力 熟练运用本单元的词汇及语法现象
根据本单元的内容适当调整学习策略
目 录 索 引
Part 1 Reading comprehension
Part 2 Language points
Part 3 Grammar
Part 1 Reading comprehension
第一步 速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1 阅读课文,把握主旨大意。
Divide the passage into sections before reading:
.
Part 1(para.1)—the introduction to amazing discoveries;Part 2(paras.2-6)—examples of a few pioneers;Part 3(para.7)—significance of these breakthroughs
Activity 2
阅读课文,
理清文章结构。
was rocking
inspired
theory of relativity
finding
laboratory
had been destroyed
mass-produced
first computer
nothing like
energy
World Wide Web
to communicate with
第二步 精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3 阅读课文,选择正确答案。
1.Which word can be used to describe Fleming
A.Proud.
B.Modest.
C.Ambitious.
D.Warm-hearted.
2.What’s the problem with the world’s first computer
A.It didn’t work well.
B.It consumed a lot of power.
C.It was nothing like our computers today.
D.It took a long time to calculate the accuracy.
√
√
3.Who made it possible for everyone to use the Internet
A.Einstein.
B.Fleming.
C.Mauchly.
D.Berners-Lee.
4.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A.Education.
B.History.
C.Science.
D.Entertainment.
√
√
Activity 4 思考分享 提升思维
1.What do you think is the most important quality to be a pioneer
2.Which invention do you think mentioned in the text influenced us the most
略
略
Activity 5 诵读佳句 学练写作
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences that tell us the writer’s thoughts about these pioneers of the 20th century.
(1)These pioneers of the 20th century were all dedicated to improving the quality of human life on Earth.
(2)Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology,whether lucky or planned,the world as we know it today would be a completely different place.
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing the world’s first computer.
(1)It measured 100 feet long by over 10 feet high and weighed over 30,000 kilograms.
(2)With 18,000 tubes,thousands of circuits and 6,000 switches,it used so much energy that when it was turned on,the lights in the local town went out!
第三步 深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6 课文语篇填空
In the summer of 1905,Einstein 1. (rock) his baby when he was suddenly inspired.2. (subsequent),“E=mc2” was born. In 1929,another important finding 3. (make) by Fleming,who found penicillin 4. accident.During the Second World War,the US Navy was looking for ways of 5. (improve) the accuracy of their missiles. Eckert and Mauchly produced 6. machine to deal with the problem,
7. was the world’s first computer.With the 8. (develop) of computers,people expected to get more things 9. (do)efficiently.In 1990,Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web.Nowadays, life without the Internet for most people is 10. (imagine).
was rocking
Subsequently
was made
by
improving
a
which
development
done
unimaginable
Activity 7 长难句分析
1.We started flying around the world,launching satellites into orbit and,at the same time,scientists figured out how to split the atom,previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe.
[句式分析] 作宾语 时间状语
We started flying around the world,launching satellites into orbit and,at the same time,scientists figured out how to split the atom,previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe.
省略引导词和be动词的定语从句,修饰atom
[尝试翻译]
我们开始坐飞机周游世界,把人造卫星发射至轨道。同时,科学家们发现了如何分裂原子。在此之前,原子被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。
2.With 18,000 tubes,thousands of circuits and 6,000 switches,it used so much energy that when it was turned on,the lights in the local town went out!
[句式分析] 作状语 so...that结构,引导结果状语从句
With 18,000 tubes,thousands of circuits and 6,000 switches,it used so much energy that when it was turned on,the lights in the local town went out!
时间状语
[尝试翻译]
它有18,000个显像管,数千条电路和6,000个开关,耗电量异常巨大,以至于当它启动的时候,当地所有的灯都熄灭了!
Part 2 Language points
重点单词
基础落实 必备知识全过关
必记写作词汇
1. n.健康,幸福,舒适
2. adj.节省劳力的
3. adj.科学(上)的
4. n.显微镜
5. vi.通信
6. adj.立刻的,马上的
7. vt.发射;发动,发起,开始从事
8. n.人造卫星;卫星
well-being
labour-saving
scientific
microscope
correspond
instant
launch
satellite
9. n.轨道 vi. & vt.沿轨道运行
10. adj.最好的;最重要的
11. adv.后来,随后
12. adj.恒久不变的;持续不断的,经常发生的 n.常量,恒量
13. n.研究的结果;发现
14. n.生物学家
15. vt.察觉,注意到,发觉
16. num.百万
17. adj.谦虚的,谦卑的
18. n.结果,后果
19. n.海军
20. n.导弹,飞弹
21. adj.联合的,共同的,共有的
orbit
premier
subsequently
constant
finding
biologist
perceive
million
humble
outcome
navy
missile
joint
识记阅读词汇
22.vitamin n.
23.split vi. & vt.
24.particle n.
25.outspoken adj.
26.relativity n.
27.mould n.
28.penicillin n.
29.tube n.
30.circuit n.
维生素
分割,把……分开;分成(不同部分)
粒子,质点
坦率的,直言不讳的
相对性
霉,霉菌
青霉素,盘尼西林
圆管,管子;电视显像管,阴极射线管
电路,线路;环形道路
串记拓展词汇
31. n.娱乐节目
→ vi.& vt.使快乐,娱乐
32. n.新发明,新方法,新观念;革新,创新
→ vi.& vt.创新,改革
33. adj.有天赋的,有才华的
→ n.天赋,天才
34. adj.多产的;丰饶的;富有成效的
→ vt.生产;制造
35. vi. & vt.捐献(器官),献(血);捐赠,捐献
→ n.捐献;捐赠
entertainment
entertain
innovation
innovate
gifted
gift
productive
produce
donate
donation
36. n.准确性;精确度;正确,准确
→ adj.准确的,精确的
37. n.物理学家
→ n.物理(学)
38. adv.有效率地,高效能地
→ n.效率,效能
39. vt.提出(某观点、方法等)
→ n.提议,建议
accuracy
accurate
physicist
physics
efficiently
efficiency
propose
proposal
【掌握构词规律 快速记牢单词】
前缀out-表示“超过”或“在外面,向外,离开”。如:
outcome结果,后果;output 产量;outgoing外向的;outspoken坦率的,直言不讳的;outside外部;outdoor户外的,室外的;outdo胜过,优于;outline概述,略述
重点短语
1. 处理;对付
2. 偶尔,有时
3. 变成,成为
4. 适应
5. 解决;计算出;弄明白
6. 挑出
7. 求助于
deal with
every once in a while
turn into
adapt to
figure out
single out
turn to
8.not to mention
9.turn on
10.go out
11.transform...into...
12.be dedicated to
e up with
14.participate in
不必说,更不用说
打开
熄灭
把……转化成……
致力于
提出;想出;赶上
参加,参与
基础词汇——语境记忆
要点探究 能力素养全提升
1.gifted adj.有天赋的,有才华的
【佳句背诵】She was an accomplished pianist,a superb swimmer,and a gifted artist.[人物描写]
她曾是一位很有造诣的钢琴家、一流的游泳健将和天才艺术家。
2.outcome n.结果,后果
【佳句背诵】It’s too early to know the outcome of her illness.[个人观点]
现在还不知道她的病情结果。
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.adapt vi.& vt.(使)适应;使适合;改编,改写;改造,修改
adapt to 适应
adapt...to...使……适应……
adaptable adj.能适应的,适应性强的;可改编的
adaptive adj.适应的,适合的
adaptation n.适应,适合;改编本
be adapted for为……改编/改造/改装
be adapted from由……改编
be well adapted to特别适应
【佳句背诵】He is an adaptable man and will soon learn the new work.
[人物描写]
他是个适应性很强的人,很快就将学会这份新工作。
The process of adaptation to a new school is difficult for some children.
[个人观点]
对一些孩子来说,适应新学校的过程很难。
These books have been adapted for middle-school students.[社会生活]
这些书籍是为中学生们改编的。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)He specialises in screen (adapt) of classic novels.
(2)This film was adapted a novel written by Mo Yan.
(3)Our son has adapted a very different system of education.
adaptations
from
to
2.range vi.在某范围内变化 n.限度,范围,幅度,程度;种类
range from...to...从……到……不等
a wide range of 范围广泛的
beyond one’s range=beyond the range of 超出……范围
in/within range of 在……范围内
out of range of 超出……范围
【佳句背诵】Uganda’s beautiful highlands are host to a wide range of wildlife.[事实描述]
乌干达美丽的高地是众多野生动植物的栖息地。
The cat stayed well out of range of the children.[场景描写]
那只猫离孩子们远远的。
【即学即练】单句写作
(1)有多种颜色和图案可供选择。
colours and patterns are available.
(2)这辆车的价格超出了大多数人的购买能力。
This car is most people’s pockets.
(3)在我视野范围内的山上的树木都被砍倒了。
The trees on the mountains my vision have all been cut down.
A wide range of
beyond the range of
in/within range of
3.correspond vi.通信
correspond to/with sth 与……一致,符合;相当于
correspond with sb 与某人通信
correspondence n.信件;通信;关系;联系
corresponding adj.符合的;对等的;相关联的
【佳句背诵】Alexander has kept up a correspondence with his friend for over a year.[社会生活]
亚历山大跟他的一个朋友保持通信已超过一年了。
His actions do not correspond with his words.[人物描写]
他言行不一。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)Profits have risen by 15 percent compared with the
(correspond) period last year.
(2)Their nursery schools correspond roughly our infant schools.
(3)She corresponded regularly her former music teacher.
corresponding
to/with
with
4.instant adj.立刻的,马上的
instant n.片刻,瞬息
instant coffee 速溶咖啡
instant noodles 方便面
in an instant 立刻,立即
instantly adv.立即,马上 conj.一……就……
the instant (that) 一……就……
【佳句背诵】In an instant,he took off his coat and jumped into the water.
[人物描写]
他立即脱下外套,跳入水中。
He sent me an email instantly he arrived in Paris.[人物描写]
他一到巴黎就给我发了一封电子邮件。
I sent you the news the instant (that) I heard it.[人际交往]
我一听到此消息便通知你了。
【即学即练】单句写作
(1)下雨了,人群立刻散尽。
When the rain started,the crowd vanished .
(2)我一看到他就知道,他正是警方在寻找的那个人。
I saw him,I knew he was the man the police were looking for.
in an instant
The instant
5.figure out解决;计算出;弄明白
figure vt.& vi.认为;估计;出现
figure in 包括进;算进
figure on 指望;计划
figure up计算;把……加起来
【佳句背诵】I figured that he was drunk and shouldn’t be allowed to drive.
[个人观点]
我认为他喝醉了,不应该让他开车。
We figured in the travel expenses but forgot the cost of meals.[社会生活]
我们把旅费算了进去,但忘了计算伙食费。
It may take several hours to figure up these expenses.[个人观点]
计算这些费用也许要用好几个小时。
【即学即练】用适当的介副词填空
(1)Do I still figure your plans
(2)I hadn’t figured getting home so late.
(3)I have figured how much during the week I spent.
in
on
out
6.inspire vt.鼓舞,鼓励;激励;给某人创作灵感
inspire sb to do sth 激励某人去做某事
inspiration n.鼓舞;启示;灵感
inspired adj.激动的;得到灵感的
inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的;启发灵感的;使人振奋的
【佳句背诵】India’s myths and songs are the inspiration for her books.
[社会生活]
印度的神话与歌曲是她那些书的灵感来源。
It was not exactly our most inspiring performance of the season.[个人观点]
那并非是我们本赛季最激动人心的表现。
【即学即练】用所给词的适当形式填空
(1)His glorious life will always be an (inspire) to us.
(2)We were greatly inspired by his (inspire) speech.
(3)Our challenge is to inspire those voters (join) our cause.
inspiration
inspiring
to join
7.efficiently adv.有效率地,高效能地
efficient adj.有效率的,高效能的
inefficient adj.效率低下的
efficiency n.效率,效能
effective adj.有效的;生效的
effectively adv.有效地
【佳句背诵】Their equipment was not as efficient at finding gold as today’s machinery.[社会生活]
在探寻金矿方面,他们的设备不如现在的机器高效。
Their communication systems are inefficient in the extreme.[社会生活]
他们的通信系统效率极低。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)Many children can’t function (effective) in large classes.
(2)I was impressed by the (efficient) with which she handled the crisis.
(3)He could do his work (efficient) with a background of domestic comforts.
effectively
efficiency
efficiently
8.propose vt.& vi.提出(某观点、方法等);(向某人)求婚;推荐
propose sb as 提名/推荐某人(任某职)
propose to sb 向某人求婚
propose that...(should) do sth 提议/建议……做某事
propose a toast to 提议为……干杯
proposal n.建议;提议
【佳句背诵】I propose him as a candidate for the presidency.[个人观点]
我提名他为总统候选人。
She proposed that the book (should) be banned.[个人观点]
她提议查禁这本书。
We fell into love at first sight,and he proposed to me six weeks later.
[社会生活]
我们一见钟情,6周后他就向我求婚了。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)I’d like to propose a toast the bride and groom.
(2)His (propose) that the system should be changed was rejected.
(3)He proposed that a friendly competition (start) among the different classes.
to
proposal
(should) be started
9.come up with提出;想出;赶上
come about 发生
come across (偶然)遇见,发现
come along 来吧;一起来;到达,出现;进步;进展
come back 回来;回想
come from 来自
come off 离开;脱落;举行
come on 跟着来;进步;快点
come out 出来;出版;结果是;开花
come to 共计;达成;苏醒;归结为
come up 走近;上来;被提及
【佳句背诵】Can you explain how it came about that you were an hour late for class [校园生活]
你上课迟到一个小时,你能解释一下它是怎么发生的吗
There’s a big press launch today and you’re most welcome to come along.
[人际交往]
今天有一个大型的媒体推介会,非常希望您能光临。
【即学即练】用come短语的适当形式填空
(1)My parents often some good proposals for me.
(2)The gardener went into his garden to see if the flowers had .
(3)We’ve just an old friend we haven’t seen for ages.
(4)Spokesman Williams says those talks are quite well.
come up with
come out
come across
coming along
多义词汇——自主练透
Ⅰ.一词多义
launch
A.n. 下水;发射;投产或投放 B.vt.使(某事物)运动;送上轨道;使下水;使开始
①The company is launching a new model next month.
②The lifeboat was launched immediately to rescue the four men.
③The launch of their new saloon received much media coverage.
④The company’s spending has also risen following the launch of a new Sunday magazine.
B
B
A
A
Ⅱ.教材熟词生义
1.premier
项目 意义 例句
熟义 adj. The company has achieved a premier position in the electronics field.
生义 n. People wrote many poems in praise of our beloved Premier Zhou Enlai.
最好的,最重要的
总理,首相,省长
2.joint
项目 意义 例句
熟义 adj. They issued a joint statement denying the charges.
生义 n. You should try not to place too much strain on muscles and joints.
n. Check that the joints of the pipes are sealed properly.
n. She put a joint of ham into his bowl.
联合的,共同的
关节
接头,接合处
整块肉
重点句式——多维剖析
1.way作先行词的定语从句
【教材原句】Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones,and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages.
随着移动电话的出现,我们的通信方式发生了变化,从写信变成了发电子邮件和发送即时消息。
way意为“方式;方法”时,如果在定语从句中作状语,定语从句可以用that或in which来引导,也可以省略引导词;如果在后面的定语从句中作主语或宾语,定语从句一般用that或 which来引导,也可以省略引导词(作宾语时)。
【佳句背诵】You should pay attention to the way (that/in which) you speak to your parents.
你应该注意与父母讲话的方式。
The way that/which was put forward by the kid was reasonable.
那孩子提出的方法是合理的。
The way (that/which) he explained to us was quite simple.
他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。
【特别提醒】除了定语从句之外,way后面的定语还可以是动词不定式或of短语。
There was no way to prove that he had stolen the money.
没有办法证明是他偷了那笔钱。
This is a new way of storing information.
这是储存信息的新方法。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)He often thinks of various ways making his class interesting and lively.
(2)The way the professor introduced to the students was easy to understand.
(3)Culture is the way a group of people solve problems.
of
that/which
that/in which
2.过去分词(短语)作定语
【教材原句】We started flying around the world,launching satellites into orbit and,at the same time,scientists figured out how to split the atom, previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe.
我们开始坐飞机周游世界,将人造卫星发射至轨道。同时,科学家们发现了如何分裂原子。在此之前,原子被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。
(1)过去分词(短语)作定语,与所修饰词语之间通常存在被动关系;少数过去分词也可表示完成,不表被动。
(2)过去分词(短语)作定语的几个特征。
①前置与后置的特征:单个的过去分词作定语一般要放在所修饰的名词之前,过去分词短语作定语则要放在所修饰的名词之后。
②展示出的时态特征:及物动词的过去分词含有被动或完成的含义。
③扩展成句的特征:过去分词作定语时,可
通过添加引导词和系动词be的适当形式,扩展为一个定语从句。
【佳句背诵】Have you read the novel written by Dickens
你读过狄更斯写的这本小说吗
He is a retired teacher loved and respected by all.
他是一位受到大家爱戴和尊敬的退休教师。
She is sweeping up the fallen leaves on the ground.
她正在打扫地上的落叶。
The government decided to rebuild the damaged bridge.
政府决定重建那座被毁坏的大桥。
The electric bicycles produced by our factory are of high quality.
我们厂生产的电动自行车质量很高。
What can I do to rescue the girl (who is) trapped in the big fire
我做些什么才能营救那个被困在大火中的女孩呢
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)The fox (shoot) in the legs couldn’t run any longer.
(2)Vegetables (buy) from the supermarket are always fresh.
(3)The concert (give) by the symphony orchestra was a great success.
shot
bought
given
3.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
【教材原句】He double-checked and saw a blue mould in the dish around which the bacteria had been destroyed.
他仔细检查,发现盘子里有一个蓝色的霉菌,在它周围的细菌已经被消灭了。
(1)在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,若先行词是人或物,紧接在介词后的关系代词分别使用whom或which,不能使用who或 that。
(2)不是所有的介词都能提到从句句首。一般来说,若定语从句中的某些短语动词或固定词组后的介词与动词之间关系较为密切,动词后的介词则不可提至从句句首。因为若将介词提前,其中的短语动词或词组则会失去它们本身的意义或可能使句子产生歧义,如look after,look for等。
(3)“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时,介词的选用主要根据三条原则:
①根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来考虑。
②根据先行词的习惯搭配或意义来考虑。
③根据句子的具体含义来考虑。
【佳句背诵】You may find yourself in situations in which you have to introduce yourself.
你或许会发现你处于必须要介绍自己的情况之中。
The games in which he competed were swimming and shooting.
他参加的竞赛项目是游泳和射击。
This is the pen which I’m looking for.这就是我正在寻找的那支钢笔。
Have you met the person about whom he was speaking
你见过他正提到的那个人吗
The farm on which we worked ten years ago isn’t what it used to be.
10年前我们工作过的那个农场已不是过去的样子了。
The pen with which he is writing now was bought yesterday.
他现在写字用的那支钢笔是昨天买的。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)China is a beautiful country, which we are greatly proud.
(2)This is the student by my daughter was saved.
(3)He built a telescope through he could study the skies.
(4)The person whom you should write is Mr Ball.
of
whom
which
to
4.get+宾语+宾语补足语
【教材原句】With the development of computers,people expected to get more things done efficiently.
随着计算机的发展,人们期望能有效率地完成更多的事情。
get+宾语+adj.使/让……
get+宾语+to do sth让/使/叫……做某事
get+宾语+doing 使某动作进行起来
get+宾语+done 要别人做某事或遭遇某事
【佳句背诵】I’ll get the children ready for school.
我让孩子们做好上学的准备。
Can you try to get them to bring down the price
你能让他们降低价格吗
It’s difficult to get the car going on cold mornings.
寒冷的早晨很难把汽车发动起来。
You must get the work finished ahead of time.
你们必须提前完成这项工作。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)We must get our teacher (join) us in the party.
(2)Getting the factory (go) in these hard times is almost impossible.
(3)She got her glasses (break) when playing basketball with her friends.
to join
going
broken
Part 3 Grammar
语法冲关
形容词
一、形容词的分类
形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
1.性质形容词
直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词。它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。如hot(热的),happy(快乐的),beautiful(美丽的)。这类形容词占大多数。
这个漂亮的女孩说一口流利的英语。
The girl is very beautiful.(作表语)
这个女孩很漂亮。
We’ll try our best to make our school beautiful.(作宾语补足语)
我们将尽力使我们学校美丽。
2.叙述形容词
因为这类形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可以用程度副词修饰。大多数以a-开头的形容词都属于这一类,如afraid(害怕的),alone(单独的),asleep(睡着的),alive(活着的),awake(醒着的),以及worth(值得的),unable(不可能的),ill(病的)。
The boy is afraid of his father.
这个男孩怕他爸爸。
The ill man was afraid of death.(×)
The sick man was afraid of death.(√)
这个病人害怕死亡。
3.还有一类形容词是说明事物间的关系或事物的用途、时间、方位的,这类形容词通常没有级的变化,也不能用程度副词修饰。如Chinese (中国的),permanent(永久的),eastern(东方的)。
二、形容词的位置
形容词作定语修饰名词时,一般放在名词前。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing 为词尾的代词时,要放在这些词语之后。
There is something wrong with this watch.
这只手表有点故障了。
We saw something white in the dark.
我们在黑暗中看到了一些白色的东西。
Is there anything important in the newspaper
报纸上有什么重要新闻吗
There is nothing (=isn’t anything) important in the newspaper.
报纸上没什么重要事情。
三、需注意的形容词用法
1.形容词和定冠词
有些形容词可以和定冠词连用,表示一类人或事物。这时,它相当于一个名词,可以作主语或宾语。表示一类人时,看作复数;表示一类事物时,看作单数。
Robin Hood hated the rich and loved the poor.
罗宾汉憎恨富人(们),热爱穷人(们)。
The wounded are well looked after.
伤兵们受到很好的照顾。
We all love the beautiful.
我们都喜欢美丽的事物。
the old/aged老人
the young年轻人
the sick病人
the smooth顺事
the impossible不可能的事
2.形容词的顺序
(1)如果有冠词(a,an,the)或代词(my,this,that...)修饰时,词序为:冠词或代词+形容词+名词。
a tall boy一个高个子男孩
my good friend 我的好朋友
(2)前面提到形容词作定语时,位置要放在所修饰的名词前面,但当它带有表示量度的词或词组时,定语后置。
They have built a bridge a hundred metres long.
他们建成了一座100米长的桥。
Last year we built a building thirteen floors high.
去年,我们盖了一栋13层的高楼。
(3)量度词组变成合成词时,作定语用,放在名词前。
They have built a two-hundred-metre-long bridge.
他们已经修建了一座200米长的桥。
Last year we built a thirteen-storey-high building.
去年我们建了一座13层高的大楼。
(4)另外,一些形容词或形容词词组常用来放在句首或句尾,作状语。
He returned home,tired and hungry.
他又累又饿地回到了家。
Surprised and pleased,he stood up to receive the prize.
又惊又喜,他站起来去领奖。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
1.I felt greatly (honour) to be invited to attend your birthday party.
2.Music provides a satisfying (spirit) experience for many people.
3.Tibet is regarded as one of the most (mystery) places of the world.
4.It was (freeze) cold at night.
5.The boy escaped from that dark haunted house with a (frighten) look.
6.We must make full use of the (limit) time to get everything ready.
7.Eating too much candy can be (harm) to your teeth.
honoured
spiritual
mysterious
freezing
frightened
limited
harmful(共45张PPT)
UNIT 12 INNOVATION
Section C WRITING WORKSHOP & VIEWING WORKSHOP & READING CLUB & ASSESSMENT
目 录 索 引
Part 1 Reading comprehension
Part 2 Language points
Part 1 Reading comprehension
第一步 速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1 阅读课文,把握主旨大意。
Read the text of READING CLUB 1 quickly and find out the main idea of the text.The text is about .
Activity 2 阅读课文,理清文章结构。
Read the text of READING CLUB 2 and match the inventions with their descriptions:
1.clock a.Chinese were the first users.
2.refrigerator b.It was developed in 16th and 17th centuries.
3.elevator c.It was introduced by a German inventor.
some ancient Chinese inventions that changed the world
第二步 精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3 阅读READING CLUB 1和READING CLUB 2课文,选择正确答案。
1.Which invention has the longest history
A.Paper-making. B.Printing.
C.Gunpowder. D.The compass.
2.Which invention has changed the very look of our cities
A.The clock.
B.The elevator.
C.The refrigerator.
D.The magnetic metal.
√
√
3.What plays an important role in the use of refrigerators
A.Ice. B.Snow.
C.Gas. D.Water.
4.When did the elevator come into being
A.In 1857. B.In 1880.
C.In 1805. D.20 years ago.
√
√
Activity 4 思考分享 提升思维
1.Do you think the invention of gunpowder is a good thing or a bad thing Why
2.Which invention do you think influences you the most
略
略
Activity 5 诵读佳句 学练写作
Read the passage carefully and find the sentences that tell us the changes elevator brought to our life.
(1)Elevators have changed not only our lives by making it possible to live in bigger and taller buildings,but also the city skylines.
(2)Modern Chinese cities like Beijing,Shanghai and Hong Kong would look very different indeed if the elevator hadn’t been invented.
第三步 深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6 课文语篇填空
It has been 2,000 years since Chinese 1. (invent) paper, which made China become one of the first 2. (nation) to start producing historical records,maps and literature.Early Chinese scientists discovered 3. they could make something 4. (explosion). Gunpowder led to the development 5. a variety of weapons.Early printing presses were made by carving 6. (wood) blocks with characters.Bi Sheng’s invention made it much quicker 7. easier to reproduce 8. (write) works.The ancient Chinese made the first and simple compasses by 9. (float) small pins of magnetic metal 10. bowls of water.
invented
nations
how
explode
of
wooden
and
written
floating
in
Part 2 Language points
重点单词
基础落实 必备知识全过关
必记写作词汇
1. n.水蒸气;蒸汽动力
2. n.水壶,壶
3. vi. & vt.(使)沸腾,煮沸;(用开水)煮 n. 沸腾
4. n.大量,大宗 adj.大量的
5. n.水手,海员
6. vt.说明,阐明;给(书籍、文章等)加插图
7. adv.特定地,专门地
8. adj.正确的,准确的
steam
kettle
boil
mass
sailor
illustrate
specifically
accurate
识记阅读词汇
9.revolution n.
10.fibre n.
11.mechanical adj.
串记拓展词汇
12. n.改善,改进;改进之处→ vt.改善,改进
13. n.可能性→ adj.可获得的;有空闲的
14. vi.& vt.(使)爆炸;急剧增长→ n.爆炸
15. vt.控制,管理→ n.规章制度
16. vt.保存(食物),腌制;维护,保护 n.腌菜,果酱
→ n.保存;维护
17. adj.用电的,带电的,电动的→ n.电;电流
彻底变革,革命
(木材、碳等天然材料的)纤维
机械的
improvement
improve
availability
available
explode
explosion
regulate
regulation
preserve
preservation
electric
electricity
重点短语
1. 上上下下,来来回回
2. 产生,发生
3. 与……有联系
4. 失去视力
5. 充满,装满
6. 出于……目的
up and down
come about
be associated with
lose one’s sight
be filled with
for the purpose of
7.in the area of
8.a large amount of
9.a variety of
10.be freed from
11.on the list of
12.rely on/upon
在……领域
大量,很多
各种各样的
摆脱
在……名单上
依靠,依赖
基础词汇——语境记忆
要点探究 能力素养全提升
1.boil vi.& vt.(使)沸腾,煮沸;(用开水)煮 n.沸腾
【佳句背诵】Boil plenty of salted water,then add the spaghetti.[动作描写]
把足量的盐水烧开,再放入意大利面条。
2.accurate adj.正确的,准确的
【佳句背诵】Accurate records must be kept at all times.[个人观点]
任何时候都必须保存准确的记录。
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.reflect vi. & vt.考虑,思考;反省;反映;反射;映出(影像)
reflect on/upon 反省;认真思考
be reflected in倒映在;反映在
reflection n.反射;反映;映像;显示;表达
on reflection 经再三考虑;反思
【佳句背诵】The pop star also reflected on his wild behaviour in 2019.
[个人观点]
这位流行歌手也反思了他在2019年的不羁行为。
The trees on the shore line were reflected in the clear water.[场景描写]
沿岸的树木在清清的河水里倒映出来。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)I hope in years to come he will reflect his decision.
(2)At first I didn’t agree,but on (reflect) I realised she was right.
on/upon
reflection
2.availability n.可能性
available adj.可获得的;有空的;可利用的(通常作表语或定语,其中后置定语更常见)
availably adv.有效(用)地;可获得地
make sth available (to/for sb) 使……可以享受某物;使……买得到某物;使……可得到
【佳句背诵】You will be informed when the book becomes available.
[社会生活]
这本书有货时就通知你。
We have already used up all the available space.[个人观点]
我们已经把可利用的空间都用上了。
The product will now be made available throughout the market.[社会生活]
这种产品现在可以在市场上买到。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)This information is freely available anyone wishing to see it.
(2)How to resolve this problem (available),has become the point that the scholars study.
to/for
availably
3.design vt.设计;构思;计划;谋划;编造;制定
n.计划;设计;图样
by design 故意地,蓄意地
be designed for 为……而设计
have designs on (多指以不正当手段)图谋获得,对……有企图
design sb for 打算让某人从事(某种职业)
designer n.设计师;设计者
【佳句背诵】He’s one of the world’s leading car designers.[人物描写]
他是世界有名的小汽车设计师之一。
He became a photographer more by accident than by design.[个人观点]
他能成为摄影师与其说是有意为之,不如说是纯属偶然。
My parents designed me for the navy.[个人观点]
我的父母打算要我去当海军。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)I reckon they have designs their uncle’s business.
(2)Whether this happened design or not will probably never be known.
(3)This is an easy routine,designed anyone who is unused to exercise.
on
by
for
4.measure vi.& vt.测量;估量;有……长(宽、高等) n.尺寸;措施
beyond measure 过度地;极其
by measure 按尺寸;据测量
in some measure 某种程度上
measure up 符合标准;达到标准
take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事
measure...by...用……来衡量……
make...to one’s measure 按照某人的尺寸做……
measurement n.测量;衡量
measurable adj.可测量的,可度量的
measureless adj.无限的
【佳句背诵】The measurement of individual intelligence is very difficult.
[个人观点]
衡量一个人的智力很困难。
Youth is not measured by the age but the mood.[个人观点]
衡量青春的不是年龄,而是一种心境。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)My mother made me a pair of trousers my measure.
(2)Education shouldn’t be measured only examination results.
(3)The Oriental Pearl TV Tower has to take measures (limit) numbers.
to
by
to limit
5.rely on/upon依靠;依赖
reliable adj.可信赖的;可靠的
reliably adv.可靠地;确实地
reliability n.可靠,可信赖
rely on/upon...to do sth依赖/信任……做某事
【佳句背诵】The manager thought he was a reliable person and told him all about the new plan.[社会生活]
经理认为他是一个可靠的人,并把关于新计划的全部内容都告诉了他。
I am reliably informed that there are plans to close this school.[社会生活]
我得到可靠消息说有计划要关闭这所学校。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)We had to rely on a compass and a lot of luck (get) here.
(2)His failure to appear raises serious doubts as to his (rely).
(3)Don’t rely going abroad for our holiday—we may not be able to afford it.
to get
reliability
on/upon
6.grateful adj.感激的,感谢的
be grateful to sb for sth 因某事感谢某人
be grateful+that从句 感谢……
gratefully adv.感激地
gratefulness n.感激
【佳句背诵】I will be deeply grateful to you for your kindness for the rest of my life.[个人观点]
我将终身感激您对我的恩情。
I’m very grateful that you didn’t tell my parents about this.[个人观点]
我非常感谢您没有告诉我的父母这件事。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)I am grateful to you the help you have given me.
(2)All comments and suggestions will be (grateful) received.
for
gratefully
重点句式——多维剖析
1.现在分词(短语)作状语
【教材原句】In the area of transportation,steam engines were used to power trains and boats,helping people to travel greater distances in much shorter times.
在交通领域,蒸汽机被用来驱动火车和船只,帮助人们在更短的时间内走更远的距离。
(1)现在分词(短语)作状语时,主要表示时间、原因、结果、方式、伴随等。
(2)现在分词作状语时,其逻辑主语是句子的主语,且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行。
(3)现在分词的否定式是在前面加not。
(4)现在分词的完成式表示动作在主句动作之前发生。
【佳句背诵】Filtered water is always on tap,making it very convenient for us to use.
随时打开水龙头都有过滤水,这让我们使用起来很方便。
An earthquake hit the capital,causing panic among the population.
首都发生了地震,引发民众恐慌。
She was always gentle with her children,never hitting nor scolding them.
她对孩子们一向很温和,从不打骂他们。
Not knowing the language,I found it hard to communicate with local people.
由于不懂当地语言,我发现与当地人交流很困难。
Having finished our compositions,we handed them in.
写完作文后,我们就交上去了。
【特别提醒】现在分词作结果状语,通常表示一个顺其自然、合乎情理的结果;不定式作结果状语时,通常表示出乎意料的结果,其前常加only以强调这一意外结果。
It rained heavily,causing severe flooding in that country.
大雨滂沱,造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。
They reached the company out of breath,only to be told they were fired.
他们上气不接下气地赶到公司,不料却被告知他们被开除了。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)She dropped the bottle of milk on the ground, (break) it into pieces.
(2)We hurried to the airport,only (find) the plane had taken off.
(3) (visit) the Ocean Park,we took a bus to the Space Museum.
breaking
to find
Having visited
2.代词+of which/whom
【教材原句】The ancient Chinese are associated with many important inventions,some of which have changed the world,and many of which we still use today.
中国古人和许多重要的发明联系在一起,其中的一些发明改变了世界,并且还有许多发明我们今天仍在使用。
(1)“代词most、some、many、few、neither、both...+of+关系代词which/whom”经常被用来引导非限制性定语从句。
(2)“the+名词+of+关系代词whom”引导的非限制性定语从句,这种结构中,of whom充当定语,修饰前面的名词,整个结构相当于“whose+名词”引导的定语从句。
(3)“the+形容词比较级或最高级+of+which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句。
(4)“数词+of+which/whom”常用来引导非限制性定语从句,有时候也可以把“of+关系代词which/whom”置于数词前,数词包括分数、百分数和基数词。
【佳句背诵】There are around 100 teachers in our school,most of whom are women.
我们学校大约有100名教师,其中大多数是女性。
The child was saved by a man,the name of whom was not known.
=The child was saved by a man,whose name was not known.
这个孩子被一位不知姓名的男子所救。
China has thousands of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan.
中国有上千个岛屿,其中最大的是台湾岛。
There are sixty students in our class,two-fifths of whom are girls.
我们班有60名学生,其中五分之二是女生。
【即学即练】单句写作
(1)格林夫妇有两个女儿,她们都是大学生。
The Greens have two daughters, are college students.
(2)中国河流众多,其中最长的是长江。
China has many rivers, is the Yangtze River.
(3)那个男人拿出一只金表,表的指针是小钻石做的。
The man pulled out a gold watch, were made of small diamonds.
both of whom
the longest of which
the hands of which
3.动词不定式作定语
【教材原句】Because of the invention of paper,China was one of the first nations to start producing historical records,maps and literature.
由于纸的发明,中国成为最早开始制作历史记录、地图和文学的国家之一。
(1)当名词被序数词修饰时,通常用动词不定式作后置定语。
(2)不定式作定语,常常表示将来的动作。
(3)不定式作定语与其所修饰的词之间的关系主要有动宾关系、主谓关系和所属关系。
(4)当中心词为序数词或者前面有序数词,the last,the next,the only等词修饰时,后面一般用动词不定式作定语。
(5)不定式作定语的情况下,当被修饰的名词是不定式的逻辑宾语时,不定式通常用主动形式;当不定式是不及物动词,但与所修饰的词有意义上的动宾关系时,其后应加一个适当的介词;当不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等时,不定式后面也须有相应的介词。
【佳句背诵】China is the third country to send a man-made spaceship into the universe.
中国是世界上第三个向宇宙发送载人飞船的国家。
He was the second person in the world to reach the summit without an oxygen tank.
他是世界上第二个未使用氧气筒到达峰顶的人。
That is the only thing to worry about.
那是唯一可担心的事。
The girl had no chance to go to school because of poverty.
因为贫困,这个女孩没有上学的机会。
We had to find a room to live in.
我们得找个房子住下来。
【特别提醒】有些名词的后面常用不定式作定语,常见的有ability(能力), agreement(一致,协议),ambition(抱负,野心),anxiety(焦急),attempt(试图), chance(机会),claim(声称),courage(勇气),decision(决定),determination(决心), effort(努力),failure(失败),hope(希望),intention(目的,意图),need(需要), opportunity(机会),plan(计划),promise(诺言),readiness(乐意),refusal(拒绝), reluctance(勉强,不愿),resolution(决心),tendency(倾向),right(权力), struggle(斗争),threat(威胁),time(时候),way(方法),willingness(愿意),wish(希望)。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)If there’s a lot of work (do),I am happy to keep on until it is finished.
(2)He is always the last (leave) the classroom.
(3)We currently don’t have enough paper to write .
(4)He had nursed an ambition (lead) his own big orchestra.
to do
to leave
on
to lead
4.make+形式宾语it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语
【教材原句】This invention made it much quicker and easier to reproduce written work and led to the first ever mass-production of books and literature.
这项发明使复制书面作品更快、更容易,并导致了有史以来的第一次书籍和文学作品的大规模生产。
(1)句中的it是形式宾语,much quicker and easier是宾语补足语,真正的宾语是to reproduce written work,这是“make+形式宾语it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语”结构。make作使役动词时,后面通常接复合宾语。
(2)在“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中,
宾语补足语可以是形容词、名词、省略to的不定式或过去分词。
【佳句背诵】He made it known that he was looking for another job.
他告诉别人说他在找新工作。
I hope I made it clear to him that he was no longer welcome here.
我希望我已让他清楚他在这里不再受欢迎。
The Internet makes our life and work more convenient.
互联网使我们的生活和工作更方便了。
She made her children wash their hands before eating.
她要她的孩子们在吃东西前洗手。
The speaker raised his voice in order to make himself heard.
发言人提高了嗓音以便别人听到他说的话。
【特别提醒】若此句型中作宾语补足语的名词为表示职位或头衔的名词,此名词前不加任何冠词;省略to的不定式作宾语补足语时,变为被动语态后,不定式须带to。
He was the youngest,but they decided to make him captain.
他最年轻,但他们仍决定选他当队长。
Children should be made to understand the importance of saving water.
应该让孩子们懂得节约用水的重要性。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)Taking some medicine made me (feel) much better.
(2)We should not make our plan (know) to everybody.
(3)The workers were made (work) over ten hours a day by the boss.
(4)He has made a rule to read English aloud in the morning.
feel
known
to work
it(共56张PPT)
UNIT 12 INNOVATION
Section B LESSON 2 & LESSON 3
目 录 索 引
Part 1 Reading comprehension
Part 2 Language points
Part 3 Grammar
Part 1 Reading comprehension
第一步 速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1 阅读课文,把握主旨大意。
Read the text quickly and find out the main idea of the text.The text is about
.
the life of Stephen Hawking
Activity 2 阅读课文,理清文章结构。
STEPHEN HAWKING
Para.1:To sum up Stephen Hawking’s life Stephen Hawking passed away on 14 March,2018. He was one of the most 1. physicists in history.
influential
STEPHEN HAWKING
Paras.2-7:
The introduction of Hawking’s life experiences and achievements in detail In 1959,Hawking went to the University of Oxford to study 2. .
At the age of 21,Hawking got a serious 3. .
In 1985,he had to have an operation and lost his speech.
In 4. ,A Briefer History of Time was finished.
In 2010,Hawking argued that people should discover the deepest secrets of the 5. in a different way in The Grand Design.
At the opening of the London 2012 Olympics,Hawking said humans should always be 6. about space.
physics
illness
2005
universe
curious
STEPHEN HAWKING
Para.8:Hawking’s assessment of himself Hawking didn’t consider himself an 7. man. And he regarded everything as a 8. because of the help he received from his family and a large number of people and organisations.
unlucky
bonus
第二步 精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3 阅读课文,选择正确答案。
1.When did physicians discover that Hawking had a rare,slow-progressing form of ALS
A.In 1942. B.In 1959.
C.In 1961. D.In 1963.
2.What was the result of his operation in 1985
A.He lost his sight.
B.He lost his speech.
C.He lost his hearing.
D.He lost the use of his hands.
√
√
3.What happened to Hawking in 2010
A.He was expected to live for a few years.
B.He found his first job in a university.
C.He published The Grand Design with Leonard Mlodinow.
D.He decided to write A Briefer History of Time.
4.Which of the following is NOT true
A.Because of the illness,Hawking was allowed to do research only rather than teach.
B.Hawking was born with ALS in 1942.
C.Hawking believed the birth of the universe created many small black holes.
D.Hawking thought we should look for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of the universe.
√
√
Activity 4 思考分享 提升思维
1.Who is the scientist influences you the most
2.Can you list some other facts you know about Stephen Hawking
略
略
Activity 5 诵读佳句 学练写作
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence that tells us what Stephen Hawking did when his physical abilities declined.
Although Hawking’s physical abilities declined over decades,he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes.
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences that tell us Stephen Hawking’s arguments in his book.
(1)In The Grand Design(2010,with Leonard Mlodinow),Hawking argued that we should look for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of the universe.
(2)Instead of trying to find one big new explanation,scientists should put together all the ideas that they already have.
第三步 深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6 课文语篇填空
Stephen Hawking began studying physics at the University of Oxford in 1959,and 1. the age of 21,he 2. (diagnose) with a rare and slowly progressing form of ALS.
As his illness progressed,he faced difficulties and was restricted to research rather than teaching.In 1985,he underwent a surgery that resulted in the 3. (lost)of his ability to speak.However,his doctors developed a speech-generating device 4. enabled him 5.__________________
(communication).
at
was diagnosed
loss
that/which
to communicate
Hawking was also a prolific author,with his book A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes 6. (publish) in 1988. Consequently,Hawking decided to write a simplified version in 2005
7. (title)A Briefer History of Time.
Despite his 8. (ill),Hawking did not view himself as a(n)
9. (luck) individual.He stated that his condition did not keep him 10. starting a family or achieving success in his career.
published
titled
illness
unlucky
from
Part 2 Language points
重点单词
基础落实 必备知识全过关
必记写作词汇
1. vi.出现,浮现
2. vt.克服(困难);控制(感情);征服,战胜
3. adj.宏伟的,壮丽的,隆重的
4. vi.减少,降低
5. n.意外收获,额外的好处;奖金;红利
6. n.重力,引力
emerge
overcome
grand
decline
bonus
gravity
识记阅读词汇
7.incidence n.
8.incubation n.
9.cosmology n.
串记拓展词汇
10. adj.一无所知的,一窍不通的
→ n.线索,提示
11. n.评估,评价
→ vt.评估,评价
12. adj.理论的
→ n.理论
发生率
孵化
宇宙论,宇宙学
clueless
clue
evaluation
evaluate
theoretical
theory
【掌握构词规律 快速记牢单词】
名词后缀-ology表示“学科,科目”。如:
cosmology宇宙论,宇宙学;technology技术;biology生物学;sociology社会学; geology地质学;archaeology考古学;ecology生态学;climatology气候学
重点短语
1. 突然,出乎意料地
2. 换句话说
3. 因……出名
4. 导致;通往
5. 而非,而不是
6. 结果
all of a sudden
in other words
be famous for
lead to
rather than
as a result
7.put together
8.in spite of
9.a large number of
10.with the help of
11.be proud of
12.be diagnosed with
组合;装配
虽然;不顾;尽管……(仍……)
许多的,大量的
在……的帮助下
为……骄傲
被诊断为
基础词汇——语境记忆
要点探究 能力素养全提升
1.clueless adj.一无所知的,一窍不通的
【佳句背诵】He’s completely clueless about computers.[人物描写]
他对计算机一窍不通。
2.gravity n. 重力,引力
【佳句背诵】Arrows would continue to fly forward forever in a straight line were it not for gravity,which brings them down to earth.[科普知识]
要不是重力使箭掉落地上,它们将会一直沿直线往前飞行。
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.influential adj.有很大影响力的,有支配力的
influence n.影响;权势;有影响的人或事物 vt.影响;感化
have an influence/effect/impact on/upon 对……有影响
exert an influence on 对……施加影响
under the influence of 在……的影响下
【佳句背诵】Those so-called friends of hers have a bad influence on her.
[个人观点]
她那些所谓的朋友对她的影响很坏。
Van Gogh had a major influence on the development of modern painting.
[事实描述]
凡·高对现代绘画的发展有着重大影响。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)A good teacher has a great influence his pupils.
(2)He was one of the most (influence) performers of modern jazz.
(3)The very earliest sculptures were made the influence of Greek art.
on/upon
influential
under
2.rather than而非,而不是
prefer to do sth rather than do sth/prefer doing sth rather than doing sth/would do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做某事而不做某事
other than 除了
less than 少于
more than 多于;不仅仅是
no more than 不超过;仅仅
no less than 不少于,多达
【佳句背诵】He preferred to starve to death rather than steal.[个人观点]
他宁可饿死也不愿偷窃。
He claims not to own anything other than his home.[个人观点]
他声称除了家他一无所有。
I expect it to earn its cost in less than three years.[个人观点]
我希望它在3年内赚回成本。
In that battle,we wiped out no less than twenty thousand enemies.[事实描述]
在那一次战役中,我们消灭的敌人不少于20,000人。
【即学即练】单句写作
(1)我宁愿待在家里也不愿去参加那个晚会。
I preferred to stay at home take part in that party.
(2)做成一个盒子不超过几个小时。
Each box requires a few hours of labour to make.
(3)对大多数人来说,工作不只是一种需要。
Work is a necessity for most human beings.
rather than
no more than
more than
3.decline vi.减少,降低
decline vi.& vt.谢绝,拒绝 n.减下,下降,衰退
decline to do sth 拒绝做某事
fall/go into decline 陷入衰退
the economic decline 经济衰退
on the decline 逐渐式微;正在衰退
one’s declining years 某人的晚年
【佳句背诵】Many students declined to be interviewed on tape.[个人观点]
许多学生谢绝录音采访。
The global economic growth is on the decline this year.[个人观点]
今年全球经济增长呈下降趋势。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)The number of robberies in the area is the decline.
(2)He declined (discuss) his plans with the newspaper men.
(3)The price of 14-inch TV sets declined 400 to 320 yuan each.
on
to discuss
from
4.in spite of虽然;不顾;尽管……(仍……)
despite=in spite of 尽管,不管
despite/in spite of the fact that...=although/
though...尽管……
regardless of 不管,不顾
【佳句背诵】Despite the fact that she wanted to see him,she turned down his invitation.[人物描写]
尽管很想看到他,但她还是拒绝了他的邀请。
The club welcomes all new members regardless of age.[社会生活]
俱乐部欢迎所有新成员,不分年龄。
【即学即练】单句写作
(1)尽管年事已高,她仍然过着积极的生活。
She still leads an active life, her advancing years.
(2)尽管她个子矮,却是个出色的篮球运动员。
she is short,she is an excellent basketball player.
(3)这份工作面向所有申请者,年龄、种族和性别不限。
The job is open to all applicants age,race,or gender.
in spite of
Despite the fact that
regardless of
5.prevent vt.防止;妨碍;阻止
prevention n.防止;预防
prevent...(from) doing sth 防止或阻止……做某事
【佳句背诵】Prevention is better than cure.[个人观点]
预防胜于治疗。
However,my parents are trying to prevent me (from) going.[社会生活]
然而我父母正设法阻止我去。
【特别提醒】prevent/stop/keep sb/sth from doing sth 这个结构中三个动词基本可以通用,不同之处在于:stop和prevent用于该结构时,介词from可以省略,但在被动语态中不能省略;keep用于该结构时,任何时候都不能省略from。
He stopped the children (from) playing near the river.
他阻止孩子们在河边玩耍。
You should keep your son from playing football in the street.
你应该阻止你的儿子在大街上踢足球。
【即学即练】单句写作
(1)你能不能别让你的狗到我的花园里来
Can’t you into my garden
(2)谁也不能阻止这个计划的实施。
No one can keep carried out.
prevent/stop/keep your dog from coming
the plan from being
多义词汇——自主练透
一词多义
device
A.n.装置,器具 B.n.策略,方法,技巧,手段 C.n.诡计,计谋
①The boy’s illness is merely a device to avoid going to school.
②The technicians whom we met yesterday had worked out a new automatic device.
③Testing yourself with information on cards is a useful device for studying.
C
A
B
重点句式——多维剖析
1.not just/only...but also...不仅……而且……
【教材原句】Hawking was famous,not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology,but also for overcoming the challenges of ALS (a disease that affects muscle control).
霍金出名,不仅是因为他在理论物理和宇宙学方面的杰出工作,还因为他克服了ALS(一种影响肌肉控制的疾病)的挑战。
(1)not just/only...but also...意为“不仅……而且/还……”,通常被用来连接并列的成分或句子。
(2)语法功能:连接并列的成分,可以是两个主语、谓语、表语、状语,也可以是两个句子。
形式:not just/only...but also...其中,also通常可以省略。
主谓一致:not just/only...but (also)...连接两个并列的成分作主语时,谓语动词的人称和数遵循“就近原则”,即谓语动词的人称和数与but (also)后面的成分保持一致。
【佳句背诵】Not only you but (also) he wants to go to a key university.
不但你,还有他也想上重点大学。
Children’s TV programs are not only entertaining but (also) instructive.
儿童电视节目不仅有娱乐性还有教育意义。
【特别提醒】当not just/only...but (also)...连接两个并列句子时,若not just/only位于句首,前面的分句采用部分倒装语序,but (also)连接的分句仍然是陈述语序。
Not only can this save money,but it can (also) reduce complexity.
它不仅可以节省成本,还可以降低复杂度。
【即学即练】翻译句子
(1)她不仅会说西班牙语,还精通计算机。(部分倒装)
(2)不但老师们反对这个安排,学生们也反对。
(3)她不仅写了正文部分,而且还挑选了插图。
Not only does she speak Spanish,but she (also) masters computer.
Not only the teachers but (also) the students are against the arrangement.
She not only wrote the text but (also) selected the illustrations.
2.as引导的时间状语从句
【教材原句】However,as his illness became worse,he lost the use of his hands.
然而,随着病情加重,他丧失了手部的功能。
(1)as连接时间状语从句,意为“随着……;当……时;一边……一边……”,表示主从句的内容都在发展变化。
(2)as引导原因状语从句,意为“因为,由于”。
(3)as引导比较状语从句,意为“像……一样”。
(4)as引导方式状语从句,意为“正如;就像;按照”。
(5)as引导让步状语从句,从句一般放在主句之前,并且采用倒装语序,从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首,若表语是名词,前置时要省略冠词。
(6)as引导定语从句,既可以修饰某个名词,又可以修饰整个句子;既可以引导限制性定语从句,又可以引导非限制性定语从句。
【佳句背诵】As she got older and older,her hair went greyer and greyer.
随着年龄越来越大,她的头发越来越灰白。
As the old saying goes,a word spoken can never be taken back.
正如古语所说,一言既出,驷马难追。
Young as he is,he already knows what career he wants to follow.
他虽然年轻,可是早就知道自己想要从事的职业。
This was such a tough job as no one would accept.
这项工作很艰巨,没人会接受。
As was expected,he performed the task successfully.
正如所期盼的那样,他成功地完成了任务。
【即学即练】单句写作
(1)学生们一边朝学校走一边唱歌。
The students are singing songs toward the school.
(2)尽管他的主意可能听起来有些奇怪,但与会的所有人都接受了。
,his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
(3)你们必须像尊敬我一样尊敬我的妻子。
You must show my wife you show me.
as they are walking
Strange as it might sound
the same respect as
3.what引导的名词性从句
【教材原句】However,many people could not really understand what he had written.
然而,许多人无法真正理解他写的东西。
(1)what常用来引导名词性从句,即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
(2)what在相应的名词性从句中通常有一定的意义,常表示“什么”“什么样的”“所……的”“……的样子”“……的事/话”等。
(3)what在相应的名词性从句中常作主语、宾语或表语。
(4)that也可引导名词性从句,但that在从句中不作成分,不必译出。that引导宾语从句时可以省略,但引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时不能省略。
【佳句背诵】What she explained about her being late for the meeting made us very amazed.
她对她开会迟到的解释让我们很惊讶。
That they won the game was what we had expected.
他们赢得了这场比赛,这正是我们所期盼的。
Ten minutes later,we arrived at what was called Gum Tree.
10分钟后,我们到了一个叫桉树村的地方。
The problem is what has made her so angry at the conference.
问题是什么使她在会议上如此生气。
That she didn’t change her mind made me very angry.
她没有改变主意,这使我很生气。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)Please attend to is concerned with your project.
(2)Can you tell me you need most at present
(3) is known to us all is the 2024 Olympic Games will take place in Paris.
what
what
What
that
Part 3 Grammar
介词短语和短语介词
1.介词短语
介词短语由“介词(或短语介词)+宾语”构成,在句中可作表语、宾语和状语,能充当介词宾语的主要有名词、宾格代词、动词-ing形式等。
(1)in 构成的短语
in advance 在前头,事先,预先 in case 如果,万一
in charge主管,掌管,看管 in common共有,共同,公有
in demand有需要的 in doubt 感到疑惑的,难以确定的
in effect实际上,生效 in fact事实上
in order按顺序,井然有序,情况良好;恰当 in progress进行中
in return作为回报 in vain徒劳
in turn依次,替换地;相应地,转而
语法冲关
(2)on构成的短语
on guard 在值勤
on leave在休假
on holiday在度假
on strike罢工
on sale出售
on loan借贷
on the move在移动,搬迁;离开
on the march在行军
on the go正在活动,正在奔走
on the air正在广播
(3)beyond构成的短语
beyond one’s power是某人力所不及的
beyond one’s reach够不着
beyond description难以形容
beyond words无法用语言形容
beyond doubt无疑
beyond one’s understanding 无法理解
(4)under构成的短语
under development 在发展中
under observation在观察中
under test在测试中
under construction在建设中
under examination在检查/调查中
under consideration在考虑中
under repair在修理中
(5)at 构成的短语
at length 详细地,长时间
at sea茫然
at will任意地
at work在上班
at rest在休息
at table在吃饭
at church做礼拜
at peace处于和平状态
(6)out of 构成的短语
out of breath 上气不接下气
out of balance失去平衡
out of date过时
out of patience不耐烦
out of control失去控制
out of business破产
out of style过时,不时髦
out of the ordinary不寻常的
out of touch失去联系
2.短语介词
短语介词是介词和其他词类搭配形成的短语,不可独立使用,本身不能作句子成分,后面要跟名词、动名词或代词等。
(1)表示“由于,因为”(通常在句中作状语)
because of由于,因为(表示实际原因,表达一种较强的因果关系)
on account of由于,因为,为了……的缘故(常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素)
(2)表示“除……之外”
with the exception of=except=except for除……之外
apart from=except(for)除……之外(表示排除)
apart from=besides=in addition to 除……之外(还,也)(表示补充)
(3)表示“有关,关于”
concerning=regarding关于,就……而论,在……方面
with respect to=in respect of关于,就……而言
as for=as to至于(用于句首)
(4)表示“在……之前”
ahead of=in advance of(在空间或时间上比某人或某事物)更前,更早;领先,优于
in front of 在……前方(多指空间的前后关系)
(5)表示“支持,赞成”
in support of 维护,支持,支援
in favour of支持,赞成
(6)表示“鉴于,由于;根据,按照”
in the light of 按照,考虑到
in terms of 就……而言,谈到
according to 根据;按照
in view of 鉴于,因为
(7)表示“尽管”
in spite of 尽管,不管
【即学即练】单句语法填空
1.What exactly is the influence of television children
2.He was proud himself for not giving up.
3.She was diagnosed breast cancer.
on/upon
of
with
