(共51张PPT)
UNIT 12 INNOVATION
Period One Topic Talk
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.猜词意
A.多产的;丰饶的;富有成效的
B.垃圾
C.设备,装置;修辞手段
D.娱乐活动,娱乐节目
E.幸福,健康,舒适
1.Garbage is waste material,especially waste from a kitchen. ( )
2.A device is an object or a piece of equipment that has been designed to do a particular job. ( )
3.Exercising regularly is very important to our well-being,our health,our happiness. ( )
【答案】1—3 BCE
4.More productive farmers have been able to provide cheaper food. ( )
5.Entertainment consists of performances of plays and movies,and activities such as reading and watching television,which give people pleasure. ( )
【答案】4—5 AD
Ⅱ.猜单词拼写
1.entertain v. 娱乐;使高兴→ _________ n. 娱乐活动,娱乐节目
(参考:improve→improvement)
2.product n. 产品;制品;生成物→ _______ adj. 多产的;丰饶的;富有成效的
(参考:act→active)
【答案】1.entertainment 2.productive
3.gift n. 礼物;天赋→________ adj. 有天赋的;有才华的
(参考:talent→talented)
4.labour+saving→ __________ adj. 节省劳力的
(参考:peace+loving→peace-loving)
【答案】3.gifted 4.labour-saving
Ⅲ.预备话题素材
1.What are the inventions you ________________
没有它们你就不能生活的发明是什么
2.How life has been transformed _________________ !
在如此短的时间里,生活改变真大啊!
【答案】1.can not live without 2.in such a short time
3.Think positive. It’s not always what happens to us that makes us __________,but how we deal with it.
积极思考。让我们感到沮丧的并不总是发生在我们身上的事情。而是我们如何处理它。
4.____________ your umbrella in case it might be blown away by the wind.
握紧你的伞,免得它被风吹走。
【答案】3.feel down 4.Hold on to
5.It’s not easy to ________ this time difference,but it’s something that goes gradually,day by day.
适应时差不是很容易的,不过这也是个逐渐的过程,一天天的就好了。
【答案】5.adapt to
课堂新知讲练
1.well-being n. 健康,幸福,舒适
(P50)improving the well-being of human life
【翻译】提升人类的幸福感
【语言提升】
◇词汇拓讲
well-being n. 也可以写作well being或wellbeing。
由well-为前缀构成的单词,其后面一般用的是动词的-ed形式构成合成词:
well-known adj. 闻名的
well-prepared adj. 准备充分的
well-done adj. 做得好的
well-received adj. 受到欢迎的;受到款待的
well-cared adj. 照顾得好的
well-preserved adj. 保存得很好的
well-educated adj. 受过良好教育的
well-read adj. 博览群书的
Striking a balance between life and work is critical to improving people’s overall well-being.
工作与生活之间的平衡对于提升人们的整体幸福感而言至关重要。
I drink a lot of water and fruit juice and I eat the meals on the well-being menu.
我喝很多水和果汁,而且我吃健康菜单上的食物。
It gave him security and a sense of well being,hope and dreams of a future filled with good food and a life different from this meager existence.
这给了他安全感、幸福感、希望和对一个满是美味食物的未来,不同于这种贫穷的生活的憧憬。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)She is a ________ and cultured woman.
她是一个博览群书且有修养的女人。
(2)But these young people ____________ in order to create and find good jobs.
但是,这些年轻人必须做好准备,才能创造和找到好的工作。
【答案】(1)well-read (2)must be well-prepared
(3)It is the largest and _____________ complex of palaces in China,as well as the largest group of palaces in the world.
它是中国现存规模最大、保存最完整的宫殿建筑群,也是世界上最大的宫殿群。
【答案】(3)most well-preserved
2.gifted adj. 有天赋的,有才华的
(P50)persistent,hardworking,gifted
【翻译】坚持不懈的,辛勤劳动的,有天赋的
【语言提升】
giftedness n. 天赋优异;天才
be gifted with 有……的天赋;天生具有……
be gifted in… 对……有天赋
I think what I like to tell students is to consider what they’re passionate about,what special are as of giftedness they have,and what drives their economic engine.
我想,我想要告诉学生们的是,想想他们对什么充满激情,他们在什么特别领域中有天赋,还有是什么驱动了他们的经济马达。
Despite being gifted with superpowers,Doctor Strange is different from other comic book heroes.
尽管被赋予了超能力,但“奇异博士”却和其他漫画书中的英雄截然不同。
As time passed by,I found he was interested in hearing the special sound of the piano and was gifted in playing piano.
随着时间的流逝,我发现他很喜欢聆听钢琴声,而且在弹奏钢琴方面也很有天赋。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)How can you tell whether your child’s behaviour is due to __________ (gifted)
(2)Like Stephen Shore,he is a brilliant photographer who also happens to be a __________ (gift) and incisive(敏锐的) writer.
(3)As a surgeon,Philip was exceptionally __________ (gift).
【答案】(1)giftedness (2)gifted (3)gifted
完成句子
(4)The young man __________ art.
那个年轻人对艺术有天赋。
(5)He _____________ a charming smile.
他天生就有一副迷人的微笑。
【答案】(4)is gifted in (5)was gifted with
(6)Apparently,he ________________ a great memory and analytical skills. In short,he was talented.
显然,他被赐予了极好的记忆和分析能力。简言之,他是个天才。
【答案】(6)was gifted with
3.productive adj. 多产的;丰饶的;富有成效的
(P50)convenient,productive…
【翻译】方便的,富有成效的……
【语言提升】
productive 还可以表示“富有生产力的;富饶的;肥沃的;有生产力的;生产性的;产生……的;引起……的;能产的”。
produce n. 产品;农产品 v. 生产;生育
producer n. 制作人;制片人;生产者
product n. 产品;结果;[数] 乘积;作品(复数 products)
production n. 成果;产品;生产;作品(复数 productions)
productivity n. 生产力;生产率;生产能力
productivism n. 生产主义
He was hopeful that the next round of talks would also be productive.
他希望下一轮会谈也能取得成果。
We guarantee the freshness of all our produce.
我们保证我们的农产品都是新鲜的。
In June,producer prices slipped0.1% from May.
在六月份,生产商的价格比五月份下降了0.1%。
Try to get the best product at the lowest price.
尽力以最低的价格买到最好的产品。
The result has been a giant leap in productivity.
其结果就是生产力的大幅度提高。
The increase in pay costs was more than offset by higher productivity.
工资成本的增加远非更高的生产率所能抵消的。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The industrial societies have been extremely __________ (produce) during the last two centuries.
(2)My time spent in the library was very ________ (produce).
(3)We manage to get most of our _________ (produce) in farmers’ markets.
【答案】(1)productive (2)productive (3)produce
(4)The company __________ (produce) circuitry(电路系统) for communications systems last year.
(5)James was called to see the __________ (produce) and got the job on the spot.
(6)The ________ (produce) is sold both at home and overseas.
(7)That model won’t go into _____ (produce) before late 2024.
【答案】(4)produced (5)producer (6)product (7)production
1.(P50)What are the inventions you cannot live without
【翻译】没有它们你就不能生活的发明是什么
【句式剖析】
定语从句“you cannot live without”修饰先行词“inventions”。“cannot live without…”意为“没有……就不能活”。
◇句式解读
【句式提升】
(1)without有以下几个方面的意思:
①(与v. -ing形式连用)不,无,没。
She entered the room without knocking.
她没敲门就进了房间。
②(表示否定)没有,无,不需。
We got there without any trouble.
我们到了那儿,一路上没遇到任何麻烦。
③(用在no,not,never等否定副词之后,强调肯定)没有……不,没有……则不能……,每……必定……。
I never see this picture without thinking of him.
每次看到这张照片,我都会想起他。
④(表示条件)若无,若非。
I don’t like to go to a country without knowing something of the language.
我要是不懂一点某个国家的语言,就不会想到那个国家去。
(2)without后接复合宾语的常用结构如下:
①without+宾语+副词
I’m very near-sighted without my glasses on.
我要是不戴眼镜视力就很差。
②without+宾语+介词短语
We’d be better off without them as neighbours.
要是没有这些邻居,我们就过得更愉快了。
I don’t like sweet coffee; I like it better without sugar in it.
我不喜欢甜咖啡,我更喜欢里边不加糖。
③without+宾语+动词的-ing形式
Without anyone noticing,he slipped through the window.
趁无人注意,他从窗户溜了出去。
They debated for hours without a decision being taken.
他们争论了几个小时,也没做出决定。
④without+宾语+不定式
Without anyone to help,how can we go on
没有人帮忙,我们怎么能进行下去
⑤without+宾语+动词的-ed形式
Without another word exchanged,they started off.
没有再交谈一句,他们就出发了。
⑥without有时可表示条件,引出虚拟语气,与but for大致同义。
Without/But for you,our project wouldn’t have succeeded.
如果没有你的话,我们的计划就无法成功了。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)We were cast away by the storm on an island _________ ______.
我们被风暴丢弃在小岛上,没有食物,也没有水。
【答案】(1)without food or water
(2)I found myself in a strange place _________________.
我发现自己身处在一个陌生的地方,既无钱财,又无朋友。
(3)It was boring to sit there ___________________.
无所事事地坐在那里太无聊了。
【答案】(2)without money or friends
(3)without anything to do
2.(P114)How life has been transformed in such a short time!
【翻译】在如此短的时间里,生活改变真大啊!
【句式剖析】
“such a short time”意为“如此短的时间里”。“such a”后面接名词。
【句式提升】
(1)such作形容词,起到一种强调作用。
She’s got such talent.
她很有天赋。
We’re having such a wonderful time.
我们过得很愉快。
(2)such常用于以下结构(后面均可接that从句):
①such+a/an+adj. +n. =so+adj. +a/an+n.
②such+adj. +不可数名词
③such+adj. +可数名词复数
I felt ill at ease in such formal clothes.
我穿着这样正式的衣服觉得很拘谨。
It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home.
天气太差,以至于我不得不待在家里。
Table tennis is such an interesting game that people all over the world play it.
乒乓球是一项很有趣的运动,以至于全世界的人都参与这项运动。
They are such interesting books that I want to read them once more.
这些书非常有趣,我想再读一遍。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)It was _______________.
它是如此一个惊喜。
(2)He was always ______________.
他总是这样一个彬彬有礼的人。
【答案】(1)such a pleasant surprise (2)such a gentleman
(3)Unhappily,_____________ is rare.
遗憾的是,这样的好运太少了。
(4)I was very angry with myself for making _____________.
我很生自己的气,竟犯了这样一个愚蠢的错误。
(5)You are too young for ___________________.
对于这样一个责任重大的职位,你太年轻了。
【答案】(3)such good luc (4)such a stupid mistake
(5)such a responsible position
随堂知能小练
一、单词拼写
1.Great crises often call forth ________ (有天赋的) leaders.
2.Striking a balance between life and work is critical to improving people’s overall ________ (幸福).
【答案】1.gifted 2.well-being
3.His death has left a void(空白;空虚) in the ________ (娱乐) world that can never be filled.
4.Experts say drip irrigation(滴流灌溉) is an ________ (创新)whose importance is growing,as climate change and rising population strain water supplies in many parts of the world.
【答案】3.entertainment 4.innovation
5.What we have gained in convenience from ________ (节省劳力的) devices over the past half-century,we have paid for in terms of a sharp decline in physical activity.
6.As their boss,what can you do to ensure that they are as ________ (富有成效的) as possible
【答案】5.labour-saving 6.productive
二、单句语法填空
1.He is a confident and ________ (gift)Australian photographer.
2.Their latest ________ (productive) is aimed at the mass market.
【答案】1.gifted 2.product
3.The Dove Foundation aims to promote wholesome family ________ (entertain).
4.The New York Tribune(《纽约论坛报》) namelessly attributed the ________ (innovate) of the hamburger to the stand on the street.
【答案】3.entertainment 4.innovation
三、完成句子
1.He _____________ rare eloquence.
他天生具有罕见的口才。
2.The ability of a species to compete and ______ a gradually changing environment is not the only ability that is essential for survival.
一个物种竞争和适应逐渐变化的环境的能力并不是生存所必需的唯一能力。
【答案】1.is gifted with 2.adapt to
3.Nowadays,some people ___________ mobile phones for even one hour.
如今,有些人甚至离开手机一小时都不行。
4.If you wish,all the imported XDE files ________ a single UML project.
如果您愿意,所有导入的XDE文件都可以被置于一个单独的UML项目中。
【答案】3.cannot live without 4.can be placed into (共129张PPT)
UNIT 12 INNOVATION
Period Two Lesson 1
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.猜词意
A.坦率的;直言不讳的
B.谦虚的;谦卑的
C.察觉;注意到;发觉
D.科学(上)的
E.立刻的;马上的
1.Contrary to expectations,the film was an instant success. ( )
2.Scientific research is widely claimed to be the source of the high standard of living in the US. ( )
3.Students must perceive for themselves the relationship between success and effort. ( )
【答案】1—3 EDC
4.Someone who is outspoken gives their opinions about things openly and honestly,even if they are likely to shock or offend people. ( )
5.A humble person is not proud and does not believe that they are better than other people. ( )
【答案】4—5 AB
Ⅱ.猜单词拼写
1.efficient adj. 高效的;有效的→ __________ adv. 有效率地;高效能地
2.subsequent adj. 后来的;随后的→ __________ adv. 后来;随后
【答案】1.efficiently 2.subsequently
3.constant adj. 恒久不变的;持续不断的;经常发生的→ ________ adv. 总是,经常地,不断地 (参考:large→largely)
4.physics n. 物理→ __________ n. 物理学家
(参考:art→artist)
5.donate v. 捐献;捐赠→ __________ n. 捐赠;捐献
(参考:invite→invitation)
【答案】3.constantly 4.physicist 5.donation
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.I _________________ heard a strange sound.
我正在看电视突然听到一个奇怪的声音。
2.________________ she is an excellent student.
毫无疑问,她是一名优秀的学生。
【答案】1.was watching TV when I suddenly 2.There is no doubt that
3.He devoted ____________ he had no time to accompany his children.
他投入了如此多的精力于工作,以至于没有时间陪伴孩子们。
【答案】3.so much energy to his job that
4.This meeting is ________________ that one.
这次会议不如那次会议重要。
5.They’ll ___________________ on the plane.
他们会使你在飞机上感到舒服。
【答案】4.less important than 5.make you comfortable
Ⅳ.预备语法(形容词)
写出下面各句中黑体字部分所充当的成分
1.China is a great socialist country. ( )
2.The house was found empty. ( )
3.Do sit down and make yourself comfortable. ( )
【答案】1.定语 2.主语补足语 3.宾语补足语
4.The poor are taken good care of in the hospital. ( )
5.The bike Tom bought yesterday is very expensive. ( )
6.You should keep calm in case of emergency. ( )
【答案】4.主语 5.表语 6.表语
课文语篇研读
一、阅读理解
( )1.When was “theory of relativity” born
A.In 1903. B.In 1904.
C.In 1905. D.In 1906.
【答案】C
( )2.What was Eckert
A.A biologist. B.An engineer.
C.A professor. D.A physicist.
【答案】B
( )3.Where was penicillin found in 1928
A.On the floor. B.On the table.
C.In the dish. D.In the lab.
【答案】C
( )4.When was the world’s first computer finished
A.In 1946. B.In 1948.
C.In 1950. D.In 1960.
【答案】A
( )5.Who invented the World Wide Web in 1990
A.Albert Einstein. B.Alexander Fleming.
C.Tim Berners-Lee. D.Eckert.
【答案】C
二、判断正误
( )1.The atom is the smallest particle of matter in the universe.
( )2.In the summer of 1904,“E=mc2” was born.
( )3.Penicillin was found in 1928.
( )4.Mauchly was an engineer during the World War Ⅱ.
( )5.By the end of the 1960s,some mini-networks were established.
【答案】1—5 FFTFT
三、课文语法填空
If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century,you would have a real problem on your hands. In just 100 years,the world has changed 1.______ (complete). Amazing discoveries 2.______ (make)in medicine,communications and transport,not to mention our knowledge of the world and space.
【答案】1.completely 2.were made
Medical advances 3.______ (range) from discovering the causes of 4.______(disease)under microscopes to staging operations to replace diseased organs with 5.______(donate) munications changed 6.______ the introduction of mobile phones,7.______ the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages.
【答案】3.ranged 4.diseases 5.donated 6.with 7.and
We started 8.______ (fly) around the world,launching satellites into orbit and,at the same time,scientists figured out 9.______ to split the atom,previously thought to be 10.______ smallest particle of matter in the universe.
【答案】8.flying 9.how 10.the
课堂新知讲练
1.donate vt. & vi. 捐献(器官),献(血);捐赠,捐献
(P52)Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to staging operations to replace diseased organs with donated ones.
【翻译】医学上的进步范围很广,从利用显微镜揭示病因,到施行手术,用捐赠的器官做器官移植。
◇词汇拓讲
donate blood 义务献血;捐血
donation n. 捐款;捐赠;捐赠物
donation account 捐赠账户
【语言提升】
He used to donate a large sum of money to the famous university every year.
他过去每年都向那所著名的大学捐献大笔的钱。
Many people offered to donate blood for the badly burnt worker.
很多人自愿为那个严重烧伤的工人献血。
Employees make regular donations to charities.
员工们定期向慈善机构捐赠物品。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Organ ______ (donate) to strangers is considered an unselfish act.
(2)The work of the charity is funded by voluntary ____ (donate).
(3)It is so selfless of my teacher to help those in poverty by ________ (donate) money.
【答案】(1)donation (2)donations (3)donating
完成句子
(4)You need to know that every time you __________,books or toys to a charity shop,you are helping other people.
你要知道,每次你将衣服、书籍或者玩具捐赠到慈善店里时,你都是在帮助别人。
【答案】(4)donate clothes
(5)Since the war broke out,the phones at ___________ have been ringing off the hook.
自从战争爆发以来,捐款中心的电话一直响个不停。
【答案】(5)donation centres
2.instant adj. 立刻的,马上的
(P52)Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones,and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages.
【翻译】随着手机的引入,通信方式改变了,我们通信的方式从写信变成了发送电子邮件和即时信息。
instant也可以用作名词,意为“瞬间;刹那;时刻”。
in an instant 立刻;马上;瞬间
instantaneous adj. 瞬间的;即时的;猝发的
instantly adv. 立即地;马上地;即刻地
conj. 一……就……
instantaneously adv. 即刻;突如其来地
instant food速溶食品
【语言提升】
At that instant,the museum was plunged into total darkness.
在那一刻,博物馆陷入一片黑暗。
Death was not instantaneous because none of the bullets hit the heart.
因为没有一颗子弹射中心脏,所以没有即刻死亡。
In the movies,guns kill people instantly,but it’s not like that in real life.
电影中,枪能使人在瞬间毙命,而实际情况并非如此。
The boys forgot all their fears,all their miseries in an instant.
男孩们在一瞬间忘记了他们所有的恐惧、所有的痛苦。
Modern science and technology has not developed capably enough to make instant food as nutrient as normal food.
现代科技还没有达到能够让速溶食品像一般食品那么有营养的水平。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)You can make your stomach look flatter ________ (instant) by improving your posture.
(2)She recognised the animal ____________ (instant) and was frightened.
【答案】(1)instantly (2)instantly
完成句子
(3)I’ll be back ______________.
我马上就回来。
(4)Contrary to expectations,the film was ___________.
与预期的相反,这部电影一上映就获得了成功。
【答案】(3)in an instant (4)an instant success
3.subsequently adv. 后来,随后
(P52)Subsequently,“E=mc2” was born.
【翻译】随后,“E=mc2”诞生了。
【语言提升】
subsequent adj. 随后的
subsequential adj. 后来的;并发的
subsequence n. 随后;接着
subsequent to 继……之后
He said he was a doctor,but it subsequently emerged that he was an impostor.
他说他是一位医生,但后来却发现他是个骗子。
Although he subsequently became a successful businessman,his criminal past caught up with him.
虽然他后来成了一位成功的商人,但他的犯罪前科却让他尝到了恶果。
Three of them were killed in the subsequent encounter with the police.
他们中有三个人在后来与警察的冲突中被杀死。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)These will be used in __________ (subsequence) steps.
(2)Over the past 10 years,news organisations have had to cut down on staff and ____________ (subsequent) their coverage of foreign stories.
【答案】(1)subsequent (2)subsequently
完成句子
(3)On the day ____________ his visit,she disappeared.
在他访问的第二天,她失踪了。
(4) ________,new guidelines were issued to all employees.
随后,新的准则发给了所有雇员。
【答案】(3)subsequent to (4)Subsequently
(5)Developments on this issue will be dealt with _________ ______.
这个问题的发展将在以后的报道中予以说明。
(6)There have been further developments ________________ our meeting.
在我们的会议之后又有新发展。
【答案】(5)in a subsequent report (6)subsequent to
(7)The day ________________ the typhoon,the weather became nice.
继台风过后的第二天,天气就变好了。
【答案】(7)subsequent to
4.efficiently adv. 有效率地,高效能地
(P53)With the development of computers,people expected to get more things done efficiently.
【翻译】随着计算机的发展,人们期望高效地做更多的事情。
efficient adj. 有效率的;有能力的;生效的
efficiency n. 效率;效能;功效
efficiently and effectively 有效能
【语言提升】
I work very efficiently and I am decisive,and accurate in my judgement.
我工作高效、决策果断而且判断准确。
The creation of an efficient and sustainable transport system is critical.
一个高效且可持续发展的交通系统的创建是非常重要的。
This lets your organisation manage resources more efficiently and effectively.
这使得您的组织可以更高效且更有效地管理资源。
【易混辨析】
effective意为“有效的,能产生预期效果的”,强调某物或者某事达到预期的期望。
efficient表示“效率高的,效能高的”,强调完成一件事情省时省力,效率很高。
She deals with all the correspondence promptly and efficiently.
她迅速有效地处理全部来往信件。
Services need to be more effectively organised than they are at present.
服务的管理需要比现在更加有效。
We can arrange time efficiently and know how long a single task will take.
我们可以有效地安排时间,并知道每项任务需要多长时间。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)I was impressed by the ________ (efficient) with which she handled the crisis.
(2)Which fuel burns most __________ (efficient)
(3)That means that I have to work more __________ (efficient).
【答案】(1)efficiency (2)efficiently (3)efficiently
完成句子
(4)Services could be operated more ________________.
可以更有效、更经济地提供服务。
(5)The plan is designed to motivate employees to work ______ _______________.
这个计划旨在促使员工更加卓有成效地工作。
【答案】(4)efficiently and economically
(5)more efficiently
1.(P53)The navy turned to Eckert,an engineer,and Mauchly,a physicist,to deal with the problem and produce a machine to do the job in a joint effort.
【翻译】美国海军向一位工程师埃克特和一位物理学家马克利请求帮助,联合处理这个问题,生产做这个工作的机器。
◇句式解读
【句式剖析】
句中的“an engineer”和“a physicist”分别是Eckert和Mauchly的同位语。
【句式提升】
(1)一个名词(或其他形式)对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明,这个名词(或其他形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。
①由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语。
Mr Smith,our new teacher,is very kind to us.
“our new teacher”是主语“Mr Smith”的同位语,指同一人。
②同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。
He told me that his brother John was a world-famous doctor.
(brother和John都是单一的词作同位语,与其同位成分之间不用逗点隔开。)
③同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义。
He is interested in sports,especially ball games.
(2)同位语类型
①单词作同位语
We both come from Hunan.
You three take these seats.
②短语作同位语
▲使用不定式作同位语。
He says that Computertown UK was formed for just the opposite reason,to bring computers to people and make them “people-literate”.
▲有时可用形容词作同位语,作用接近定语,但放在所同位名词的后面,且有逗号把它们分开。
People,old and young,took to the streets to watch the parade.
③从句作同位语
▲同位语从句:在某些名词后面,可以跟that或连接代词(副词)引起的从句作同位语,说明其内容。
▲常见的同位语从句的先行词有:idea,fact,news,hope,belief,thought,doubt,promise,truth,agreement,decision等。
I have no idea that you were here.
The news that our team has won the match is true.
注意:有时这种同位语不紧跟在它说明的名词后面。
The order soon came that all the soldiers should go to the front.
【区别】同位语从句和定语从句
从意义上讲,前者对名词加以补充说明,而后者对名词进行修饰和限定。
从结构上讲,前者由连接词引导,后者由关系代词引导。
从内涵上讲,前者所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系,后者所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语等。
引导同位语从句的连词不可省略,而引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。
同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词,而定语从句所修饰、限定的名词则没有限制。
试比较:
The news that he was married is not true. (同位语从句;that在从句中不作任何成分,和从句没有逻辑关系)
The news that you told me yesterday is true. (定语从句;that 在句中作宾语,可以省略)
【针对练习】
单项选择
( )(1)Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ________ a cure for AIDS will be found.
A.which B.that
C.what D.whether
【答案】B
( )(2)A warm thought suddenly came to me ________ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.
A.if B.when
C.that D.which
【答案】C
( )(3)Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class ________ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.
A.why B.that
C.where D.because
【答案】B
完成句子
(4)Yesterday I talked to _______________,Mr James.
昨天我与英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了。
(5)Yesterday I met Tom,___________.
昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。
(6)We Chinese ___________ are brave and hard-working.
我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
【答案】(4)my English teacher (5)a friend of my brother’s
(6)people
2.(P53)Human life on this planet has been transformed into a “global village”,with all the different countries linked in the chain of common interests.
【翻译】人类在这个星球上的生活已经被转变成了“地球村”,所有不同的国家都因共同利益而紧紧联系在一起。
【句式剖析】
动词的-ed形式短语“linked in the chain of common interests”在句子中作定语,修饰前面的名词短语“different countries”。
【句式提升】
动词的-ed形式是非谓语动词的一种形式,兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征,可以在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。
(1)动词的-ed形式短语,作定语修饰名词时,一般放在名词后面,作后置定语。与前面的名词之间,构成被动关系,或表示完成。
The piano used at the concert is made in France.
在音乐会上用的这架钢琴是在法国制造的。
(2)单个动词的-ed形式作定语:可放在名词前面,有时候也可以放后面。
an honoured guest 一位受尊敬的客人
All the broken windows have been repaired.
所有坏了的窗户都已经修好了。
(3)动词的-ed形式作定语与所修饰词之间存在两种意义关系:一是及物动词表示被动意义(或已完成的被动动作);二是不及物动词表示完成意义。
①表示被动和完成
the broken glass打碎了的杯子
②只表示完成不表示被动
fallen leaves落叶
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)Last Monday our class went on _____________ to a forest to study the wildlife.
上星期一,我们班进行了一次有组织的旅行,到森林里去研究野生动植物。
【答案】(1)an organised trip
(2) _________________ are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。
(3)They are cleaning the ________________ in the yard.
他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。
【答案】(2)The injured workers (3)fallen leaves
(4) ______________ at yesterday’s meeting is very important.
昨天会上讨论的问题很重要。
(5)There has been ____________ since I left Harbin two years ago.
自从我两年前离开后,哈尔滨一直没有什么变化。
【答案】(4)The problem discussed
(5)nothing changed
突 破 语 法
【例句观察】
1.The meal is very delicious.
这顿饭很可口。
2.She is a beautiful girl.
她是一个漂亮的女孩。
3.This can make life difficult.
这让生活很困难。
□观察领悟
【我的领悟】
在以上每个句子中都含有形容词,且在句子中担任一定的句子成分。在句1中,delicious作 __________;在句2中,beautiful作 __________;在句3中,difficult作 ________。
Keys:表语;定语;宾语补足语
一、定义
形容词是说明人或事物的属性、状态或特征的词,在句子中主要作名词的装饰语。形容词通常置于其修饰的名词之前,并且多数形容词具有比较等级。
□形容词
二、分类
1.描述形容词
表示名词的性质、颜色、大小和状态等的形容词。
He bought some new books.
他买了一些新书。
These books are new.
这些书是新的。
She wrote the letter with blue ink.
她用蓝墨水写了那封信。
The ink is blue.
这些墨水是蓝色的。
2.物质形容词
由物质名词充当或物质名词转换而成的形容词。
This glass dish looks very fragile.
这个玻璃盘子看起来很容易碎。
3.数量形容词
(1)不定数量形容词:不定代词之后接名词时即成为不定数量形容词。
I haven’t seen any of his movies.
他的电影我一部都没看过。
We’ll see some friends tomorrow.
我们明天将去看一些朋友。
(2)数词
A square has four corners.
正方形有4个角。
Please accent the first syllable.
请重读第一个音节。
(3)倍数词
The river is half a mile across.
江面宽半英里。
They bought a double bed.
他们买了一张双人床。
4.专有形容词
由专有名词转换而成的形容词,如地名、国名等。
He is a Chinese ambassador.
他是中国的大使。
5.物主形容词
包括人称代词的所有格(形容词性物主代词)和名词的所有格。
My room is just above.
我的房间就在楼上。
Acquaint him with your plans.
把你的计划告诉他。
6.指示形容词
指示代词this,that,these,those之后接名词或one/ones,成为指示形容词。
This book of Joe is very amusing.
乔的这本书非常有趣。
I dislike man of that type.
我不喜欢那一类型的人。
7.疑问形容词
疑问代词which,whose,what之后接名词或代词,成为疑问形容词。
Whose bike is it
这是谁的自行车
What books have you read on this subject
你读过哪些关于该主题的书
8.关系形容词
关系代词which,whose,what之后接名词,成为关系形容词。
The men whose names were called left the room.
那些被叫到名字的人离开了房间。
Did you give her what money you had
你把你所有的钱都给了她吗
三、作用
形容词在句中可作定语、表语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语等。
1.作定语
形容词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词前面,称为前置定语,被修饰的名词可称为主体词。
The company is in a difficult situation.
这家公司正处于困难的境地。
She is a good student,and she works hard.
她是一个好学生,她努力学习。
2.作表语
同名词一样,形容词也可以用在系动词后面作表语,修饰主语或说明主语的情况。
This bike is expensive.
这辆自行车很贵。
I am sorry. I’m busy now.
对不起,我现在忙。
3.作主语补足语
说明主语所处的状态或其原因。
He spent seven days in the wind and snow,cold and hungry.
他又冷又饿,在风雪中过了7天。
4.作宾语补足语
We must keep our classroom clean.
我们必须保持教室整洁。
We found the film quite instructive.
我们发现那部电影很有教育意义。
5.与定冠词the连用作主语或宾语
这有一定的限制,主要是指“定冠词+某些形容词”,表示一类人或事物,这种形容词已名词化。
(1)某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数形式连用。如the poor,the dead,the living,the rich,the blind,the hungry等。
The poor are losing hope.
穷人们正在丧失希望。
(2)某些形容词加上定冠词(the true,the false,the beautiful等)可以表示抽象事物,与谓语动词的单数形式连用。
The good is what people like.
人们总是喜欢美好的东西。
(3)有关国家和民族的形容词前面加上定冠词(the British,the English,the Chinese等)指这个民族的整体,与谓语动词的复数形式连用。
The English have a wonderful sense of humour.
英国人很有幽默感。
四、在句中的位置
1.形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定,越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面,音节多的形容词放在后面。
2.形容词在名词后面的几种情形:
(1)修饰不定代词something,anything,everything,nothing等;
(2)后面有介词短语或不定式短语时,形容词必须置于名词之后;
(3)少数形容词,如enough和possible,既可置于所修饰的名词前面也可以置于它所修饰的名词之后;
(4)有些形容词,置于名词之前与之后,含义不尽相同。
the writer present 出席的作者
the present writer 现在的作者
3.由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。
This is a book easy to read.
这是一本容易读的书。
4.用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面,起进一步解释的作用。
Everybody,man and woman,the old and the young,should attend the meeting.
每一个人,男女老少,都应该参加会议。
You can take any box away,big or small.
这些箱子,不管大小,你都可以拿走。
五、排序
在英语中,好多时候是多个形容词修饰一个名词,这些形容词之间的先后顺序如何记忆有如下方法:OPSHACOM:
1.OP — opinion评述性词。如beautiful,wonderful,expensive,terrible,horrible,lovely,silly,ugly等。
2.SH — size & shape表示大小、形状的词。如 long,short,round,square等。
3.A — age表示新旧的词。如new,old等。
4.C — colour表示颜色的词。如red,black,purple,brown,yellow等。
5.O — origin表示产地的词。如Italian,Spanish,Canadian,Australian,Japanese等。
6.M — material表示材料的词。如leather,glass,rubber,metal,silk,plastic等。
按此顺序,“一件新的漂亮的意大利的黑皮夹克”的英语表示为:a beautiful new black Italian leather jacket。
口诀法:“美小圆旧黄,法国木书房”。
注:“美”代表“描述或性质类”形容词;“小”代表“大小、长短、高低、胖瘦类” 形容词;“圆”代表“形状类” 形容词;“旧”代表“新旧、年龄类” 形容词;“黄”代表“颜色类” 形容词;“法国”代表“来源、国籍、地区、出处类” 形容词;“木”代表“物质、材料、质地类” 形容词;“书”代表“用途、类别、功能、作用类” 形容词;“房”代表“中心名词”。
再看下面几个例子:
two beautiful new green silk evening dress
两件又新又漂亮的绿色丝绸女士晚礼服
that hungry,tired,sleepy little match girl
那个饥饿、疲劳、困倦的卖火柴的小女孩
an old large brick dining hall
一个旧的红砖砌的大餐厅
口诀法:“限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老;颜色国籍跟材料,作用类别往后靠。”
注:“限定词”包括:冠词、物主代词、指示代词或数词,它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位,即:前、中、后。前位限定词有all,half,both,分数和倍数;中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等;后位限定词有基数词和序数词,但序数词位于基数词前。
如both my hands,all half his income等。“描绘性”形容词,如beautiful,bad,cold,great等。“大长高”表示大小、长短、高低等一些词。表示“形状”的形容词,如round,square等。“国籍”指一个国家或地区的词。表示“材料”的形容词,如wooden,woolen,stone,silk等。表示“作用类别”的形容词,如medical,college,writing,police等。
熟记规则:大小形状和新老,颜色国籍出(处)材料。多个形容词修饰同一名词时的顺序是固定的,其顺序为:①冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词+②序数词+基数词+③一般性描绘形容词+④大小、长短、形状+年龄、新旧+⑥颜色+⑦国籍、出处+⑧材料+⑨用途、类别+⑩最终修饰的名词或动词的-ing形式。如:
a beautiful little red flower
一朵美丽的小花
those four old-looking grey wooden houses
那四栋很旧的灰色木屋
a big round red wooden Chinese table
一张中式木制红色的大圆桌
六、其他
1.以-ly结尾的形容词,大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly仍为形容词。
Her singing was lovely.
He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
2.有些以-ly结尾的词,如daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early,既为形容词,也为副词。
The Times is a daily paper.
The Times is published daily.
3.以a-开头的形容词只能作表语或补足语,不能作定语。这类形容词有alike,alive,alone,afraid,ashamed,able,awake等。
The twins are very much alike.
这对双胞胎非常像。
The little boy was left alone.
这小男孩被独自留下了。
The little girl has fallen asleep.
这小女孩已经睡着了。
一、单项选择
( )1.Tony is going camping with ________ boys.
A.little two other B.two little other
C.two other little D.little other two
【答案】C
□追踪练习
( )2.One day,they crossed the ________ bridge behind the palace.
A.old Chinese stone B.Chinese old stone
C.old stone Chinese D.Chinese stone old
【答案】A
( )3.—How was your recent visit to Qingdao
—It was great. We visited some friends,and spent the ________ days at the seaside.
A.few last sunny B.last few sunny
C.last sunny few D.few sunny last
【答案】B
二、完成句子
4.I have ________________ to tell you.
我有重要的事要告诉你。
5.Is there ________________ in the film
电影里有什么有趣的内容吗
6.There is ________________ here.
这里一点都不危险。
【答案】4.something important 5.anything interesting 6.nothing dangerous
随堂知能小练
一、单词拼写
1.Some ________ (科学的) discoveries have been used to create weapons of destruction.
2.This has led companies and individuals to ________ (捐赠) money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities.
【答案】1.scientific 2.donate
3.I demand an ____________ (立刻的) explanation.
4.The play was ________ (随后) made into the 1983 film “Bullshot”.
5.His ________ (持续不断的) criticism ate away at her self-confidence.
【答案】3.instant 4.subsequently 5.constant
6.Most blind people,even if they don’t have any sight,are still able to ________ (察觉) light.
7.Every bank pays close attention to the speed and ________ (准确性) of its tellers.
【答案】6.perceive 7.accuracy
二、单句语法填空
1.I admired him as a true __________ (scientific) and hard worker.
2.The amount of the __________ (donate) took us completely by surprise.
【答案】1.scientist 2.donation
3.By means of modern technology we are able to communicate with each other ________ (instant).
4.He complained about being ______ (constant) doorstepped by the press.
5.We require grammar and spelling to be __________ (accuracy).
【答案】3.instantly 4.constantly 5.accurate
三、课文原句填空
1.These pioneers of the 20th century ________________ the quality of human life on Earth.
这些20世纪的先驱都致力于改善地球上人类的生活质量。
【答案】1.were all dedicated to improving
2.Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery,________________ a few pioneers of the 20th century.
尽管不太可能选出哪项发现是最重要的,但是挑选出20世纪的几位先驱还是可能的。
【答案】2.it is possible to single out
3.With the 18,000 tubes,thousands of circuits and 6,000 switches,it used __________________ when it was turned on,the lights in the local town ______________ !
它有18,000个显像管,数千条电路和6,000个开关,耗电量异常巨大,以至于当它启动的时候,当地所有的灯都熄灭了!
【答案】3.so much energy that; went out
4.Medical advances _____________ discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes ____________ to replace diseased organs with donated ones.
医学上的进步范围很广,从利用显微镜揭示病因,到施行手术,用捐赠的器官做器官移植。
【答案】4.ranged from; to staging operations
5.We ____________ around the world,launching satellites into orbit and,at the same time,scientists _____________ how to split the atom,previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe.
我们开始坐飞机周游世界,把人造卫星发射至轨道。同时,科学家们发现了如何分裂原子。在此之前,原子被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。
【答案】5.started flying; figured out (共46张PPT)
UNIT 12 INNOVATION
Period Three Lesson 2
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.猜词意
A.运气;巧合
B.评估;评价
C.出现,浮现
D.一无所知的,一窍不通的
E.孵化;(病毒)潜伏
1.Richard was waiting outside the door as she emerged. ( )
2.The middle-aged woman was completely clueless about computers. ( )
3.A coincidence is when two or more similar or related events occur at the same time by chance and without any planning. ( )
【答案】1—2 CD
4.The virus incubation period is 90 days on average,but can vary from about 30 to 180 days. ( )
5.At last the result of the evaluation manifests that this method is effective. ( )
【答案】4—5 AEB
Ⅱ.猜单词拼写
1.clue n. 线索;提示;理解→ _______ adj. 一无所知的,一窍不通的
(参考:help→helpless)
2.evaluate vt. 评估;评价→ ________ n. 评估;评价
(参考:educate→education)
【答案】1.clueless 2.evaluation
3.__________ v. 出现,浮现→emergence n. 出现,显现;崭露头角
(参考:insist→insistence)
4.coincide v. 巧合;同时发生;一致,相符;相交,重叠→ __________ n. 运气;巧合
(参考:depend→dependence)
【答案】3.emerge 4.coincidence
Ⅲ.完成句子
1._____________ creation,and creation is independent and endless.
生活的意义在于创造,而创造是独立存在且没止境的。
2.__________ I don’t understand what “incubation” means.
恐怕我不明白“孵化”是什么意思。
【答案】1.The meaning of life lies in 2.I’m afraid that
3.We should ________________ our school life.
我们应该投入到我们的学校生活中。
4.He is fond of science fiction ______________ fairy tales.
他喜欢科幻小说而我喜欢童话故事。
【答案】3.involve ourselves in/be involved in
4.while I like
课堂新知讲练
1.emerge vi. 出现,浮现
(P114)Why do some people work so hard but achieve very little,while some others seem to do nothing but good ideas emerge
【翻译】为什么有些人努力工作却收获寥寥,而有些人似乎什么也没做却好点子层出不穷
◇词汇拓讲
(1)emerge 还可以表示“浮现;出现;出来;幸存下来;变得显眼;被知晓;暴露;恢复过来;破壳而出;摆脱;显露;兴起;立足成为”等。
【语言提升】
(2)emerging adj. 走向成熟的;新兴的
emerging market 新兴市场
emerging economies 新兴经济(体)
emerging industry新兴产业;新兴行业
(3)emergence n. 出现,浮现;发生;露头
She then emerged from the courthouse to thank her supporters.
然后她从法院大楼出来向支持者们表示感谢。
The television screens of the next century will be linked up to an emerging world telecommunications grid.
下个世纪的电视屏幕将与一种新兴的世界电信网格相连。
What is the custom and usage in this emergence
这里出现的习俗和用法是什么
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Many ____________ (emerge) nations got back to their pre-crisis levels of output in 2009.
(2)They prefer to wait for the __________ (emerge)of a new physics theory of everything.
(3)Modern linguistics ____________ (emerge)as a distinct field in the nineteenth century.
【答案】(1)emerging (2)emergence (3)emerged
完成句子
(4)So how did Japan finally __________ its banking crisis
那么日本最终是如何度过银行业危机的呢
(5)With the rapid development of China’s economy,express presents great vitality as an ______________.
随着我国经济的飞速发展,快递业作为一个新兴产业展现出了蓬勃生机。
【答案】(4)emerge from (5)emerging industry
2.evaluation n. 评估,评价
(P115)The third stage is called “evaluation”.
【翻译】第三个阶段被称之为“评估”。
【语言提升】
make an evaluation of 对……进行评估
evaluate vt. 评价;估价;求……的值 vi. 评价;估价
evaluate sb on/by 根据……评价某人
Our teachers often give some evaluation on us according to the performance in their eyes.
通常,我们老师经常根据在他们眼中我们的表现来对我们作出评价。
Don’t evaluate people by their clothes.
不要根据衣着来评价人。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)He got a good __________ (evaluate).
(2)First,assist him in ____________ (evaluate) his life.
【答案】(1)evaluation (2)evaluating
完成句子
(3)We ______________ how well the policy is working.
我们需要对这一政策产生的效果作出评价。
(4)The way the guests were treated in the hotel influenced _________________ the service.
客人在酒店受到的待遇影响了他们对服务的评价。
【答案】(3)need to evaluate (4)their evaluation of
(5)Writing down your progress allows you ________________ your work.
写下你的进度可以让你客观地评估你的工作。
【答案】(5)to objectively evaluate
1.(P114)Then you can’t help shouting out: “Aha! That’s it!”
【翻译】然后你情不自禁地大喊:“哈哈,就是它!”
【句式剖析】
can’t help doing sth 为固定结构,意为“情不自禁做某事,忍不住做某事”。
◇句式解读
(1)can’t help (doing) 是指看到某物而想起了什么,睹物生情,或是受到某事物刺激而引起了另外一个动作。
(2)can’t help to do sth 意为“不能帮助做某事”。
(3)can’t help sb doing sth 意为“不能使某人不做某事”。
【句式提升】
I can’t help feeling sorry for the poor man.
我不禁为这个可怜的男人感到难过。
She can’t help to clean the house because she’s busy making a cake.
因为她忙于做蛋糕,所以她不能帮忙打扫房子的卫生。
She could not help the tears of rage rolling down her face.
她止不住她愤怒的眼泪顺着面颊流下来。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)She couldn’t help ________ (envy)Helen.
(2)While shopping,people sometimes can’t help __________ __________ (persuade)into buying something they don’t really need.
【答案】(1)envying (2)being persuaded
完成句子
(3)Whenever I hear the story,I ___________________.
我不管何时听到这个故事,都忍不住要哭。
(4)We ___________________ by their zeal.
我们不由得被他们的热情感动。
【答案】(3)can’t help crying (4)cannot help being moved
(5)We ___________________ us just now.
刚才我们无法让他们不看到我们。
(6)I ___________________ her accident.
我总忍不住想起她的那起事故。
(7)She ___________________ the conversation at that time.
在那时,她忍不住偷听对话。
【答案】(5)couldn’t help them seeing
(6)can’t help thinking about (7)couldn’t help overhearing
2.(P115)After you deeply become involved in an area,you do nothing.
【翻译】在你深入一个领域后,你什么都不做。
【句式剖析】
“After you deeply become involved in an area”是时间状语。
【句式提升】
(1)after的意思是“在……之后”,引导时间状语从句时的常见用法如下:
①遵循“主将从现”的原则
He will go to Beijing to work after he graduates from the university.
他大学毕业后将去北京工作。
②从句表示的动作发生在主句动作之前,如果强调从句的动作发生在前,从句时态要用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时。
He went out for a walk after he had finished the work.
他完成这项工作后出去散步。
注意:从句表示的动作发生在主句动作之前,如不强调动作的先后,主句和从句均用一般过去时。
He went to bed after he finished his homework last night.
昨晚他完成家庭作业后就上床睡觉了。
(2)when,before,after引导时间状语的区别:
①when引导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候”,when既可以指时间段也可指时间点,从句中既可用延续性动词又可用非延续性动词,且动作既可和主句的动作同时发生又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。
I’ll call you when I get there.
我一到那里就给你打电话。
When the wind blows,all the doors rattle.
只要风一吹,所有的门就吱嘎作响。
He stopped trying,when he might have succeeded next time.
他不再试了,其实他可能下一次就会成功。
When I came home,my wife was cooking dinner.
我回家时,妻子正在做晚饭。
②before引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前。
See me before you leave.
在你离开之前来见我。
Before they drive any of the buses,they will have to pass a special test.
在驾驶公共汽车之前,他们必须通过专门测验。
③after引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。
I saw them after I arrived.
在我抵达之后,我见到了他们。
I found his pen after he had left.
在他走后,我找到了他的笔。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)It will be four days ________.
他们要过四天才能回来。
(2)Einstein almost knocked me down ______________.
爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。
【答案】(1)before they come bac
(2)before he saw me
(3)My father had left for Canada just ______________.
我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。
(4)They had not been married for four months __________.
他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。
【答案】(3)before the letter arrived
(4)before they were divorced
(5) ______________,please let me know what you decide.
你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你的决定。
(6) ______________,we went home.
完成工作之后,我们回家了。
(7)You’ll feel better ______________.
吃完这些药丸后,你会感到好一些。
【答案】(5)After you think it over (6)After we had finished the wor (7)after you take the/these pills
随堂知能小练
一、单词拼写
1.Software is different because it is an _____ (新兴的) reality.
2.I’m completely __________ (一窍不通的)about how to prepare for the exam.
3.How will this affect your next performance ________ (评估)
【答案】1.emerging 2.clueless 3.evaluation
4.Authentic Italian cooking is very healthy — witness the low __________ (发生率) of heart disease in Italy.
5.The __________ (潜伏)period lasts approximately 10—14 days after contact.
【答案】4.incidence 5.incubation
二、单句语法填空
1.We saw the __________ (emerge) of flight search engines such as Kayak and Skyscanner.
2.But often what’s alike in both managers and staffers is a __________ (clueless) about the ingredients for success.
【答案】1.emergence 2.cluelessness
3.The market situation is difficult to ________ (evaluation).
4.They lay eggs that __________ (incubation)through the winter.
【答案】3.evaluate 4.incubate
三、完成句子
1.All rivers ____________ the sea.
百川归海。
2._________________ she didn’t look sleepy any more.
突然她看上去不再瞌睡了。
【答案】1.flow into 2.All of a sudden
3.Teenagers are still ______________ learning to tell right from wrong,so they might make mistakes sometimes.
青少年仍处于学习辨是非的阶段,所以有时候他们会犯错。
4.With _____________ I realised what the dream meant.
我突然明白了这个梦意味着什么。
【答案】3.at the stage of 4.a flash of insight
5.Three professors were asked to _____________ the teaching plans devised by the new teachers.
三位教授被请来对新教员设计的教案作出评估。
6.The BRICS countries are considered to be some of the most important _______________ in the world.
金砖国家被认为是世界上最重要的一些新兴经济体之一。
【答案】5.make an evaluation of 6.emerging economies (共96张PPT)
UNIT 12 INNOVATION
Period Four Lesson 3
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.猜词意
A.重力,引力
B.减少,降低
C.宏伟的,壮丽的,隆重的
D.克服(困难),控制(感情);征服,战胜
E.理论的
1.The final chapter summarises the book’s theoretical points. ( )
2.Gravity is the force that causes things to drop to the ground. ( )
【答案】1—2 EA
3.The number of tourists to the ancient town declined by 5%. ( )
4.My mum and daddy used to have a grand Christmas party every year. ( )
5.If you overcome a problem or a feeling,you successfully deal with it and control it. ( )
【答案】3—5 BCD
Ⅱ.猜单词拼写
1.theory n. 理论;学说→ _________ adj. 理论的
(参考:practice→practical)
2.over+come→ _________ vt. 克服;控制;征服;战胜
(参考:over+sleep→oversleep)
3.________ v. 降低;减少→rise/increase v. (反义词)提高
【答案】1.theoretical 2.overcome 3.decline
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.To our relief,the children returned home ___________ at last.
令我们感到宽慰的是,孩子们最终安然无恙地回到了家里。
2.____________,the sports meeting will be held on time.
尽管天气不好,运动会将按时举行。
【答案】1.safe and sound 2.In spite of the bad weather
3.The children ______________ violent TV programmes.
孩子们不被准许观看暴力电视节目。
4._____________ our teachers,we have finished all the tasks.
在老师们的帮助下,我们完成了所有的任务。
【答案】3.are not allowed to watch 4.With the help of
课文语篇研读
一、阅读理解
( )1.How old was Hawking when he died
A.76 years old. B.78 years old.
C.83 years old. D.86 years old.
【答案】A
( )2.When did physicians discover that Hawking had a rare,slow-progressing form of ALS
A.In 1942. B.In 1959.
C.In 1961. D.In 1963.
【答案】D
( )3.What was the result of his operation in 1985
A.He lost his sight.
B.He lost his speech.
C.He lost his hearing.
D.He lost the use of his hands.
【答案】B
( )4.What happened to Hawking in 2010
A.He was expected to live for a few years.
B.He found his first job in a university.
C.He published The Grand Design with Leonard Mlodinow.
D.He decided to write A Brief History of Time.
【答案】C
( )5.Which of the following is NOT true
A.Because of the illness,Hawking was allowed to do research only rather than teach.
B.Hawking was born with ALS in 1942.
C.Hawking believed the birth of the universe created many small black holes.
D.Hawking thinks we should look for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of the universe.
【答案】B
二、判断正误
( )1.Hawking was only famous for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology.
( )2.Hawking once worked at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge.
( )3.Hawking began to research physics since the January of 1942.
【答案】1—3 FTF
( )4.Although Hawking’s physical abilities declined over decades,he never stopped his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes.
( )5.A Briefer History of Time(2005) was sold one copy for every 750 people on Earth.
【答案】4—5 TF
课堂新知讲练
◇词汇拓讲
1.overcome vt. 克服(困难),控制(感情);征服,战胜
(P58)Hawking was famous,not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology,but also for overcoming the challenges of ALS (a disease that affects muscle control).
【翻译】霍金举世闻名,不仅是因为他在理论物理学和宇宙学方面的杰出成就,还因为他克服了ALS(一种影响肌肉控制的疾病)的挑战。
【语言提升】
(1)overcome 还可表示“解决;困扰;熏倒;击败;压倒;使受不了”等(过去式:overcame;过去分词:overcome)
overcome difficulty 克服困难
overcome poverty 脱贫;战胜贫困
(2)over-通常用作前缀,来合成一些单词,主要有以下三种情况:
① 表示“过度,过分”
overwork n. 过度工作;v. 工作过度
overcrowded adj. 挤满的
overjoyed adj. 非常高兴;欣喜若狂
overall adj. 全部的;全体的;一切在内的;综合的 adv. 全面地;总计;总的说来
②表示“在……之上”
overlook v. 远眺;忽视,忽略;瞭望;检查
overwhelm v. 压倒;泛滥
overcoat n. 外套
③表示“翻转”
overturn v. 颠覆
overthrow v. 推翻
The night before the test I was overcome by fear and despair.
考试的前一晚我被恐惧与绝望困扰着。
The residents were trying to escape from the fire but were overcome by smoke.
居民们正设法逃出大火,却被烟熏倒了。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)Success grows out of struggle to _________________.
成功是在克服困难的奋斗中成长起来的。
【答案】(1)overcome difficulties
(2)We’re creating a movement to __________________.
我们正在行动起来,以战胜贫困。
(3)We ______________ hear that our team had won the championship.
听说我们队得了冠军,大家喜出望外。
【答案】(2)overcome poverty (3)were overjoyed to
2.decline vi. 减少,降低
(P59)Although Hawking’s physical abilities declined over decades,he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes.
【翻译】尽管身体状况不断下降,霍金几十年间从未停止自己的研究,他发展了一些有关黑洞的新思想。
【语言提升】
decline v. 变小;变少;减少;降低;谢绝;婉言拒绝;下沉;使(名词;代词;形容词)变化词形
n. 日渐衰弱;持续减少;不断下降;下跌;贬值;夕阳渐沉
on the decline 在走下坡路;在衰退中
in decline 在衰退中
economic decline 经济衰退
The number of staff has declined from 217,000 to 114,000.
员工人数已从217,000人减少到114,000人。
He declined their invitation.
他谢绝了他们的邀请。
He offered the boys some coffee. They declined politely.
他要给男孩们来些咖啡。他们礼貌地拒绝了。
Official figures show a sharp decline in the number of foreign tourists.
官方数字显示外国游客数量骤降。
【易混辨析】
diminish,decline,decrease,reduce 这些词都有“减少,减轻”的意思。
diminish v. 指因为不断消耗,在数量方面缓慢减少,也指素质或者价值的下降。
decline v. (数目、价格、比率)下降;谢绝,婉言推辞;衰退,衰落。
decrease v. 指数量上的减少;力量或者强度的减弱。
reduce v. 指人为地使某物在数量或重量方面的减少或降低。
The supply of oil has diminished because of the war.
由于战争,石油的供应减少了。
Last year,the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.
去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降。
The population decreased a lot last year.
去年人口数量急剧下降。
He reduced the amount of money they could spend.
他缩减了他们的开销。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)Though cities grew in size and number for long periods,they could _____________ in a certain period,too.
虽然长期来看,城市规模的大小和数量不断扩大,但一定时期也会遭受缩减下降。
【答案】(1)decline and fall
(2)These numbers have been _____________ for decades.
近几十年来,这些数字都在减少。
(3)Industry in Britain ______________ since the 1970s.
英国工业自20世纪70年代以来一直在走下坡路。
(4)Thankfully the smoking of cigarettes is ____________.
值得庆幸的是,吸烟正在减少。
【答案】(2)on the decline (3)has been in decline
(4)on the decline
(5)Even chimp mothers regularly ____________ share food with their children.
甚至黑猩猩的母亲经常拒绝与其孩子分享食物。
(6)The figures represent ____________ employment.
这些数字表明就业率的总体下降。
【答案】(5)decline to (6)a general decline in
3.in spite of 虽然;不顾;尽管……(仍……)
(P59)In spite of his disease,Hawking didn’t consider himself an unlucky man.
【翻译】尽管霍金患有疾病,但他并不认为自己是个不幸的人。
【语言提升】
despite为书面用语,指不受某事或某种原因的阻碍,语气轻于in spite of。
notwithstanding prep. 虽然,尽管;语气最弱,仅表示一种障碍的存在。
They persevered in spite of all kinds of difficulties.
尽管有各种困难,他们还是坚持了下去。
Despite his advanced years,he is learning to drive.
虽然年事已高,他现在在学习驾驶汽车。
He despised William Pitt,notwithstanding the similar views they both held.
他瞧不起威廉·皮特,尽管他们俩所持有的观点相似。
His relations with colleagues,differences of opinion notwithstanding,were unfailingly friendly.
他与同事们尽管有意见分歧,但关系一直很融洽。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)He went fishing ______ ______ ______ rain.
尽管下着雨,他还是去钓鱼了。
(2)I went shopping ______ ______ ______ the rain.
尽管下雨,我还是出去买东西了。
(3) ________ his cries,no one came to his assistance.
尽管他哭喊,却没有人来帮助他。
【答案】(1)in spite of (2)in spite of (3)Despite
1.(P58)Hawking was famous,not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology,but also for overcoming the challenges of ALS (a disease that affects muscle control).
【翻译】霍金举世闻名,不仅是因为他在理论物理学和宇宙学方面的杰出成就,还因为他克服了ALS(一种影响肌肉控制的疾病)的挑战。
◇句式解读
【句式剖析】
not just…but also…与not only…but also…同义,意为“不仅……而且……”,后面接的是相同的介词短语,分别为“for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology”和“for overcoming the challenges of ALS”。
【句式提升】
not only…but also…是英语中比较常见的一个关联词组,用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分,着重强调后者。它的意思是“不仅……而且……”,其中的also有时可以省略。
(1)主要用法
①连接主语
Not only I but also Tom and Mary are fond of watching television.
不仅我,而且汤姆和玛丽也都喜欢看电视。
②连接谓语动词
The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs.
英国人和美国人不但说同一门语言,而且有很多相同的社会风俗。
③连接宾语
The problem for the recipient was trying to guess not only who the sender was,but also what his secret feelings might be.
收信人不仅要尽力猜出是谁寄的,还要推测寄信人内心有什么想法。
④连接宾语补足语
Light and bright colours make people not only happier but more active.
浅色和鲜艳的颜色不但使人看了更高兴,也会使人更加活泼。
⑤连接表语
Shakespeare was not only a dramatist but (also) an actor.
莎士比亚不仅是一位剧作家,而且是一位演员。
⑥连接状语
If your friend reminds you kindly of your faults,take what he says not merely pleasantly but thankfully.
如果你的朋友善意地指出你的缺点,你不但要欣然接受,而且要心怀感激之情。
⑦连接从句
He didn’t let us off the hook until we had proved not only that we knew what an organism was but also that we had the fortitude to stand up for the truth.
直到我们证明了我们不仅知道什么是生物体,而且具有坚持真理的不屈不挠精神时,他这才放过我们。
⑧连接定语
Man has become master not only of the sky but also of the space.
人类不但征服了天空,而且征服了太空。
⑨连接句子
I not only heard it,but (also) I saw it.
我不仅听到,而且看到了它。
⑩用于 it is…that…强调结构
It is not only the scientist and the physician who need a long special training now,but the computer expert,the accountant,and the business manager.
现在,不仅科学家和医生需要长期的专门训练,计算机专家、会计师和企业经理也需要这种训练。
(2)倒装用法
not only…but (also)…连接句子时,not only 可以置于句首表示强调,这时其引导的分句要采用倒装结构。
Not only has he a first-class brain but also he is a tremendously hard worker.
他不仅有着头等聪明的脑子,而且工作很能吃苦。
Not only had the poor man been arrested but he had been sent to prison as well.
这个可怜的人不仅被逮捕,而且被送进监狱。
(3)not only…but also…的省略及其变体
not only…but also…中的also可以省略。有人认为该结构所连接的第二部分是形容词最高级或它所表示的范围、程度、影响等超过第一部分时,常将also省略。
He is famous not only in China but (also) in the whole world.
他不仅闻名中国,而且闻名全球。
Not only do they suffer less pain than most women in labour,but the town boasts an unusually low rate of infant mortality.
这不仅使她们比大多数产妇少受痛苦,而且使城市婴儿死亡率大大降低。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)I know _______________.
我不仅懂英语,而且懂俄语。
(2)A gas changes __________ in shape _______ in volume.
气体不仅改变形状,而且改变体积。
【答案】(1)not only English but also Russian
(2)not only; but also
(3)He was not only ________ but also __________ of his time.
他不仅是一位成功的作家,而且是他那个时代最伟大的诗人。
(4)It is not only ______________,but also ______________,for which we are accountable.
我们不但要对我们所做的事负责,而且要对我们没有去做的事负责。
【答案】(3)a successful writer; the greatest poet
(4)what we do; what we do not do
(5) _______________________ on the matter,but the students have theirs too.
对这件事,不仅教授们有自己的看法,学生们也有自己的想法。
【答案】(5)Not only do the professors have their own ideas/opinions
2.(P59)And he believed this was because of the help he received from his family and a large number of people and organisations.
【翻译】而且他相信,这是因为他收到来自他的家人、很多人及组织机构的援助。
【句式剖析】
“the help he received from his family and a large number of people and organisations”是省略了关系词that/which的定语从句。
【句式提升】
定语从句由关系词引导。关系词又分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词有时可以省略,但这只限于限制性定语从句中,在非限制性定语从句中,关系词则不可省略。归纳起来,关系词(关系代词和关系副词)的省略有以下情形:
(1)关系代词作宾语时的省略:当关系代词who,whom,which和that在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于定语从句句末时的介词宾语时,可以省略。
Is there anything (that) you wanted
你想要什么东西吗
(2)关系代词作表语时的省略:当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时,可以省略。
China is not the country (that) it was.
中国已不是过去的中国了。(that作表语)
(3)关系副词when的省略:用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能省略,但有一种特殊情况,即用于day,year,time等少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。
That was the year (that) I first went abroad.
就是那一年我第一次出国了。
I’ll never forget the day (that) we met.
我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。
(4)关系副词where的省略:用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略,但有一种特殊情况,即用于place,somewhere,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。
This is the place (where) they met yesterday.
这就是他们昨天碰头的地方。
Have you somewhere (that) I can lie down for an hour
你有没有一个什么地方可以让我躺一个小时
(5)关系副词why的省略:关系副词why通常只用于the reason后的定语从句,且通常可换成that或for which,三者均可省略。
That’s the reason (why/for which/that) he came.
这就是他来的原因。
Give me one reason (why) we should help you.
给我一个我们应当帮助你的理由。
【针对练习】
请用含有省略关系词的定语从句翻译下列句子
(1)你刚刚参观完的那座城市,我去过两次。
__________________________________________
【答案】(1)I have been to the city twice (that/which)you just visited.
(2)我希望我提的建议有些帮助。
__________________________________________
(3)代沟是人们感兴趣的问题。
__________________________________________
【答案】(2)I hope the advice (that/which) I put forward will be of some help.
(3)Generation gap is a problem (that/which)people are interested in.
(4)刚才和你讲话的人是谁
__________________________________________
(5)这就是你一直在找的汽车钥匙。
__________________________________________
【答案】(4)Who is the man (that/who/whom) you were talking to
(5)This is the car key (that/which) you’ve been looking for.
语 言 时 空
【例句观察】
1.Mary came back because of the rain.
2.It is the best way of doing it.
3.This is against the law.
4.I found everything in good condition.
□观察领悟
【我的领悟】
在以上的句子中,黑体部分都在句子中充当某种句子成分。在句1中,because of the rain在句中作 ____________;在句2中,of doing it在句中作 ________;在句3中,against the law在句中作 ________;在句4中,in good condition在句中作 ________。
Keys:状语;定语;表语;宾语补足语
一、介词短语的构成
介词在句中不能单独存在,而是必须以介词短语的形式存在。介词短语的构成如下 (其中 “介词+名词” 短语结构最常见):
□介词短语
1.介词+名词
Unfortunately,there was not enough demand for our product.
不幸的是,我们的产品市场需求不足。
There is a real need for discipline in this class.
这个班级,没纪律不行。
2.介词+代词
He always carried the photo with him.
他总是随身带着那张相片。
He is not interested in that at all.
他根本对那个不感兴趣。
3.介词+动词的-ing形式
He entered the room without taking off his shoes.
他没有脱掉鞋就进了房间。
He objected to being treated like a child.
他反对被当作小孩看待。
4.介词+数词
She is a mother of two.
她是一位有两个孩子的母亲。
It is half past six now.
现在是6点半。
5.介词+形容词或副词
Your plan is far from perfect.
你的计划远没有那么完美。
I heard someone calling me from below.
我听见有人在下面叫我。
6.介词+另一个介词+名词
I saw her from across the street.
我从街对面看到她。
We never play bridge until after dinner.
我们只在晚饭后打桥牌。
7.介词+名词性从句
We should learn from what you have done wrongly.
我们应从你们的错误中学习。
The exercises are well done except that some words are misspelled.
除了一些单词拼写错误之外,这些练习做得不错。
The car stopped only a few inches from where I stood.
汽车在离我站的地方仅几英寸处停下来了。
He gave a lesson on how to improve soil.
他给大家上了一堂如何改良土壤的课。
8.介词+复合结构
I had no objection to Jenny marrying him.
我不反对詹妮和他结婚。
He sat in his room with no light on.
他坐在他的房间里,没有开灯。
He fell asleep with the lamp burning.
他亮着灯睡着了。
9.介词+动词不定式
I had no alternative but to walk out.
我别无选择只好走出去。
She can do everything except cook.
她什么都会,就是不会做饭。
二、介词短语在句中的作用
1.作状语
His parents work on a farm.
他父母在农场工作。
He arrived in Washington at five o’clock in the morning.
他早晨五点到达华盛顿。
2.作定语
The book on the desk is very interesting.
书桌上的那本书很有趣。
3.作表语
This book will be of great use to you.
这本书对你会有很大的用处。
4.作宾语补足语
I found him in trouble.
我发现他身陷困境。
完成句子
1.Put your hand ________________ your right lens and just look through your left lens.
把你的手放在右边的镜片前,只看你左边的镜片。
【答案】1.in front of
□追踪练习
2.He stole a sidelong glance at the young woman sitting ________________ on the train.
在火车上他偷偷地瞄了一眼坐在他旁边的年轻女士。
3.I am writing ________________ your job application.
关于您申请工作一事,现致函回复。
【答案】2.next to him 3.with reference to
4.__________ her worries,she passed the exam with flying colours.
尽管她有些担忧,但还是以优异的成绩通过了考试。
5.I speak _____________ many thousands of women.
我代表成千上万的女性发言。
【答案】4.In spite of 5.on behalf of
6.The climbers made their ascent of the mountain ________ ________.
登山者在没有氧气的情况下登山。
7.I was just able to make out a dark figure ____________.
我只能看到远处有个黑影。
【答案】6.without oxygen 7.in the distance
随堂知能小练
一、单词拼写
1.This is certainly a __________ (理论的) risk but in practice there is seldom a problem.
2.This week Sabrina reminds herself to ________ (克服) her fear of giving a speech.
【答案】1.theoretical 2.overcome
3.The Palace of Versailles is very __________ (宏伟的).
4.Steel production of this factory has ______ (降低) by 25% as compared with last year.
5.Nothing is pulling on you,only ________ (重力).
【答案】3.grand 4.declined 5.gravity
二、单句语法填空
1.It is ________ (theoretical) possible for him to overrule their decision,but highly unlikely.
2.Juliet can find a way of ________ (overcome) the difficulty.
【答案】1.theoretically 2.overcoming
3.He is ________ (grand) and even richer than the Prince of Wales.
4.Their spokesman declined __________ (comment) on the allegations.
【答案】3.grander 4.to comment
三、完成句子
1.This is ____________ another disaster movie — it’s a masterpiece.
不能说它只是又一部灾难片——它是一部杰作。
【答案】1.not just
2.Although the dynasty and central government were _______ by the 9th century,art and culture continued to flourish.
虽然到9世纪王朝和中央政府都在走下坡路,但艺术和文化仍然持续蓬勃发展。
3.Raw meat ______________ cooked meat.
生肉和熟肉必须分开。
【答案】2.in decline 3.must be separated from
4.He made one big mistake,and,______________,lost his job.
他犯了个大错,结果丢了工作。
5.Neil’s colleagues said he was actually in a joking,upbeat mood ________________ the bad news.
尼尔的同事说,尽管有这样的坏消息,他居然还有心情嬉笑、逗乐。
【答案】4.as a result 5.in spite of
6.Its mission is to help the poor families to _____________ __________.
它的使命是帮助贫困家庭克服贫困。
7.The number of students enrolling in the program has been __________________ in recent years.
近年来,该项目的招生人数一直在减少。
【答案】6.overcome poverty 7.on the decline (共73张PPT)
UNIT 12 INNOVATION
Period Five Writing Workshop
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.猜词意
A.可能性
B.彻底变革,革命
C.(使)沸腾,煮沸;(用开水)煮;沸腾
D.改善,改进;改进之处
E.水蒸气;蒸汽动力
1.This is often due to the availability of better job opportunities and education. ( )
2.I stood in the kitchen,waiting for the water to boil. ( )
3.It’s only a small improvement,but at least it’s a step in the right direction. ( )
【答案】1.A 2.C 3.D
4.A revolution is a successful attempt by a large group of people who change the political system of their country by force. ( )
5.Look!Steam rose from the boiling kettle. ( )
【答案】4.B 5.E
Ⅱ.猜单词拼写
1.boil v. 沸腾;煮沸→ __________ adj. 沸腾的
(参考:satisfy→satisfying)
2.improve v. 提高;改善→ __________ n. 改善;改进;改进之处 (参考:argue→argument)
3.revolute v. → __________ n. 彻底变革;革命
(参考:suggest→suggestion)
【答案】1.boiling 2.improvement 3.revolution
Ⅲ.预备写作素材
1.At dusk,the sunshine _________ Hongze Lake,making it shine like a diamond.
黄昏时分,阳光照在洪泽湖上,湖面像钻石一样闪闪发光。
【答案】1.reflects on
2.We should minimize the use of private cars,which emit _______________ greenhouse gases.
我们应该减少私家车的使用,因为私家车排放大量的温室气体。
【答案】2.a large amount of
3.They have a common query-does this get us more food grain ________
大家都有一个普遍的疑问——这真能让人们以较低的价格得到更多的食物么
【答案】3.at lower costs
4.Do you know how the difference ________________ between the British English and the American English
你知道英国英语和美国英语的差异是怎样产生的吗
5.This composition is ______________ on the one you wrote last week.
这篇作文比你上星期写的那篇进步了许多。
【答案】4.came about 5.a great improvement
课堂新知讲练
1.improvement n. 改善,改进;改进之处
(P62)This was a great improvement on the Newcomen steam engine,which was commonly used at the time.
【翻译】这对纽科门蒸汽机是一个极大的改进,这种蒸汽机在那个时候被广泛使用。
◇词汇拓讲
improve vi. 增加;变得更好 vt. 改善,增进;提高……的价值
improved adj. 改良的;改进过的
improving adj. 有启发的;有教育意义的
improvable adj. 可改良的;可利用的;可改善的;可更好的
improver n. 改进者;改善者;改良物
【语言提升】
The new governor is an improvement on his predecessor.
新任总督胜过他的前任。
They are making substantial claims for improved working conditions.
他们就改善工作条件提出了实质性要求。
It advocates self-cultivation,and believes that human beings are teachable and improvable.
它提倡自我修养,认为人是可教化的、可完善的。
The effective application of cold flow improver for diesel fuel was studied in this paper.
本文研究了柴油低温流动改进剂的有效应用问题。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)An _______ (improve) in living standards could be years away.
(2)Investors are growing impatient with promises of _______ (improve) earnings.
(3)They’re researching into ways of ________ (improve) people’s diet.
【答案】(1)improvement (2)improved (3)improving
完成句子
(4)We expect to see __________________ over the coming year.
我们期望来年会有更进一步的改善。
【答案】(4)further improvement
2.availability n. 可能性
(P62)With this came new types of jobs and the availability of new products at lower costs.
【翻译】随着这个(指前面提到的工业革命)的到来,各种新型的工作以及更低成本的新产品也出现了。
(1)avail n. 效用,利益 v. 有助于;(使)对某人有利
not avail sb 对某人不起作用
of no avail 无效;不起作用
to no avail 无益,徒劳,无济于事
without avail 无用;徒劳地
【语言提升】
(2)availability还可表示“有效性;可用性;有益;实用性”。
(3)available adj. 可获得的;可购得的;可找到的;有空的
available for… 可用于……的;对……有效的
available resources 可用的资源
(4)availably adv. 有效用地;可获得地
Researchers believe wide availability of cheap food is one of the main drivers.
研究人员认为,廉价食品的广泛供应是主要驱动力之一。
If that is of no avail I will take another,and yet another.
即使我的这一次行动是无效的,但是我仍会继续尝试下去。
Since 1978,the amount of money available to buy books has fallen by 17%.
自1978年以来,可供买书的钱已减少了17%。
How to resolve this problem availably has become the point that the scholars study.
如何有效地解决这一问题,已成为学者们研究的重点。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)All the holidays on offer are subject to __________ (available).
(2)Most goods are ______________ (avail),but at a price.
【答案】(1)availability (2)available
(3)It is important to manage the warehouse product ________ ______ (available) to business enterprise.
(4)Guests are encouraged ______________ (avail)themselves of the full range of hotel facilities.
【答案】(3)availably (4)to avail
完成句子
(5)The doctors tried everything to keep him alive but ______.
医生千方百计想使他活下来,但无济于事。
(6)She found him sleeping heavily. And all her efforts to awaken him were ________________.
她发现他睡得很沉。她想唤醒他的一切努力都无济于事。
【答案】(5)to no avail (6)of no avail
1.(P62)With this came new types of jobs and the availability of new products at lower costs.
【翻译】随着这个(指前面提到的工业革命)的到来,各种新型的工作以及更低成本的新产品也出现了。
◇句式解读
【句式剖析】
这个句子的谓语是came,因为介词短语“With this”位于句首,故要用倒装结构,将came放在句子的主语“new types of jobs and the availability of new products at lower costs”之前。
【句式提升】
(1)表示地点、方位的介词短语位于句首时,句子要用完全倒装。这类常见的词有:in,out,away,up,down,at the end of the road,in the middle of the line,at the mixing point of等。这种倒装句中的谓语多为以下不及物动词:come,walk,stand,lie,且为全部倒装。
(2)采用这样的倒装结构有时也是出于全句平衡的考虑:当主语较长时,为了使句子平衡,常以作状语的介词短语开头。
Down came the girl.
那个女孩下来了。
Along the dusty road came a group of tourists.
一群游客沿着尘土飞扬的路走来。
On the ground lay some air conditioners,which are to be shipped to some other cities.
地上放着一些空调,它们会被船运到其他一些城市去。
【针对练习】
单项选择
( )(1)Just in front of our house ________ with a history of 1,000 years.
A.do a tall tree stand B.a tall tree stands
C.a tall tree is standing D.stands a tall tree
【答案】D
( )(2)At the foot of the mountain ________.
A.a village lies B.lies a village
C.do a village lie D.lying a village
【答案】B
( )(3)In the dark forests ________,some large enough to hold several English towns.
A.stand many lakes B.many lakes lie
C.lie many lakes D.many lakes stand
【答案】C
用倒装结构翻译或补全下列句子
(4)门口站着一名手持武器的士兵。
__________________________________________
(5)他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。
__________________________________________
【答案】(4)By the door stood an armed guard.
(5)Among these people was his friend Jim.
(6)隔壁桌上坐着一个等人的漂亮姑娘。
_________________ waiting for someone.
(7)窗户边坐着一个年轻人,手里拿着一本杂志。
_________________ with a magazine in his hand.
【答案】(6)At the next table was a pretty girl
(7)By the window sat a young man
随堂知能小练
一、单词拼写
1.The result of invention of __________ (蒸汽) engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power.
2.Use a __________ (水壶) with an automatic cut-out so it doesn’t boil for longer than necessary.
【答案】1.steam 2.kettle
3.So if I raise it a little bit,I reach a point at which I first start to __________ (煮沸).
4.We expect to see further __________ (改善) over the coming year.
5.One area of contention(争论;争辩) is the ________ (可能性) of nursery care.
【答案】3.boil 4.improvement 5.availability
二、单句语法填空
1.We were together only during the few days the ______ (steam) took from Calcutta to Madras.
2.The same theory applies to coffee makers,electric tea ________ (kettle),and hot plates.
【答案】1.steamer 2.kettles
3.With the new ________ (boil) you can make big savings on fuel bills.
4.How have these so-called ____________ (improvement) helped the local community
5.The arts should be ________ (availability) to more people at prices they can afford.
【答案】3.boiler 4.improvements 5.available
三、完成句子
1.Brian _____________ writing music; he is very likely to be a Beethoven.
布莱恩有作曲的天赋;他很可能成为下一个贝多芬。
2.I hope in years to come he will __________ his decision.
我希望在未来的几年里他会反思他的决定。
【答案】1.is gifted in 2.reflect on
3.You can ________________ it and see what I mean.
您可以自己做个实验,然后就会明白我的意思了。
4.The recent recession has definitely opened up opportunities for new products,and skilled people ___________ are abundant.
最近经济不景气已经为新产品打开了机会之门,同时用工成本低廉的熟练技工也大有人在。
【答案】3.experiment with 4.at lower costs
5.There is no clear and unbiased information ____________ consumers.
没有清楚公正的信息提供给消费者。
6.The peace agreement ________________ through intense pressure by the international community.
该和平协议是在国际社会的强大压力下产生的。
【答案】5.available for 6.came about
写作高效提升
fashionable 时尚的;时髦的
creation 创新
subsequently 后来;随后
evaluation 评估;评价
improvement 改善;改进
overcome 克服;控制
◎话题词语
innovation 新发明;新方法
accuracy 准确性;精准度;正确;准确
be interested in… 对……感兴趣
cannot live without… 没有……就不能活
be dedicated to… 献身于……;从事于……
lead to 导致
participate in 参加
figure out 计算出
be based on… 根据;以……为基础
be available for… 有效;对……有用
make good use of 充分利用
【引人入胜的开头句】
Nowadays,overpopulation has become a problem we have to face.
如今,人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题了。
With the development of science and technology,more and more people believe that…
随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为……
◎话题佳句
【精彩纷呈的篇中句】
Some believe that modern technology shorten the distance of human. For instance,people all use cellphone to call friends or family,or computer to search information,or use QQ,WeChat,Twitter,Blog,etc. to make friends.
有些人认为,现代技术缩短了人们之间的距离。例如,人们都用手机给朋友或家人打电话,或用计算机来查信息,或用QQ、微信、推特、博客等来交朋友。
Thanks to science and technology,we can eat fresh vegetables at the year round. Thanks to science and technology,we can travel long distances in the fraction of a second on planes,trains and cars. Thanks to science and technology,we wear clothes with synthetic materials which can not easily be worn out.
由于科技,我们整年都可以吃到新鲜的蔬菜;由于科技,我们可以在极短的时间里通过飞机、火车或汽车进行长距离的旅行;由于科技,我们可以穿上由合成材料制成的不容易破烂的衣服。
【回味无穷的结尾句】
As far as I’m concerned,modern technology provides convenience to people. It makes people easily to get information. Only could we use it correctly,it does much contribution to us.
我认为,现代技术给人们提供了便利。它使得人们更容易获得信息。我们只有正确地利用它,它才会给我们带来更多的贡献。
So it’s urgent that we find ways to solve these problems. But we should not stop the development of science and technology because of these disasters they bring,just as we should not give up eating for fear of choking. In addition,we should make some rules to regulate our actions. As long as we use science and technology in a proper way,they may bring us even more benefits.
因此,当务之急是我们要找到解决这些问题的办法。但是,我们不能因为它们带来的灾难就阻止科技的发展,就像我们不应该因噎废食一样。另外,我们应该订立规则来规范我们的行为。只要我们合理运用科学技术,它们就能给我们带来更多的利益。
【写作任务】
你的英国笔友Patrick想了解你居家上网课学习所使用的App或教学平台(微信:WeChat;钉钉:DingTalk;腾讯会议:Tencent Meeting;智学网:www. )。假如你是李华,请你用英语给他写一封信。内容包括:
1.App或平台的名称;
2.App或平台的功能;
3.该App或平台的使用感受。
◎写作范例
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Patrick,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Hua
【写作指导】
一、审题
1.确定体裁:本文为产品介绍信;
2.确定人称:本文的主要人称应为第一人称;
3.确定时态:本文的时态应用一般现在时。
二、构思
第一部分:介绍写信的目的,简单描述你将要向他介绍的产品;
第二部分:详细介绍产品的功能,以及你是如何使用的;
第三部分:总结该产品的优点。
【学以致用】
重点短语
1.网络课堂 __________________
2.远程学习 __________________
3.大范围的 ______________
4.使某人一直集中注意力 ______________
Keys:1.online classes 2.distance learning
3.a wide range of 4.keep sb focused all the time
5.作业提交 __________________
6.考勤报告 __________________
7.整体表现 __________________
8.学习效果 __________________
9.全身心投入学习 __________________
Keys:5.homework submission 6.attendance report
7.overall performance 8.learning outcome
9.fully engage in classes
完成句子
1.钉钉有许多各种不同的功能。
DingTalk has _________________ functions.
2.钉钉是我们临时休学期间的选择。它允许我们在家里进行远程学习。
DingTalk is our choice during the _____________. It allows us to have our ____________ at home.
Keys:1.a wide range of
2.temporary school closure; distance learning
3.钉钉使我们的网上学习灵活,且容易做到。
DingTalk makes our online learning ________________.
4.老师可以在教学和提问之间转换,使我们长时间集中注意力。
Teachers can switch between teaching and question asking,and ________________.
Keys:3.flexible and easy to be realized
4.keep us focused all the time
5.我们学生可以了解每天的学习安排,提交家庭作业、测试题、考勤报告和全面的学习效果。
We students can track our day-to-day ____________,homework submission,exams,___________________ and _______________.
Keys:5.study arrangement; attendance report; overall performance
句式改写
6.用which引导的非限制性定语从句升级句2
DingTalk is our choice during the temporary school closure,_____________________________.
Keys:6.which allows us to have our distance learning at home
7.用现在分词短语作状语改写句4
Teachers can switch between teaching and question asking,____________________.
Keys: 7.keeping us focused all the time
【参考范文】
Dear Patrick,
I’d like to introduce to you the App for our online classes. DingTalk is our choice during the temporary school closure,which allows us to have our distance learning at home.
DingTalk has a wide range of functions. Teachers can switch between teaching and question asking,keeping us focused all the time. We students can track our day-to-day study arrangement,homework submission,exams,attendance report and overall performance.
DingTalk makes our online learning flexible and easy to be realized,improves learning outcomes and helps us students fully engage in classes.
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Hua
假定你是张萌,是一位高中生。Mate60已经成为你们中学生的新宠。用Mate60既可以听音乐,阅读电子书,又可以玩电子游戏。请用英语给某报社写一封信,谈谈中学生使用Mate60的情况。作文内容包括以下要点:
1.Mate60给中学生带来的好处;
2.Mate60给中学生带来的负面影响;
3.你对中学生使用Mate60的看法和建议。
◎写作练笔
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.信的开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。
Dear Editor,
I am a senior high school student,named Zhang Meng. __________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Zhang Meng
One possible version:
Dear Editor,
I am a senior high school student,named Zhang Meng. Mowabays,it’s fashionable for young students to have Mate60s. Using a Mate60,we can listen to music,download a lot of learning materials and read them. Obviously,it’s of great help with our studies,especially with our English listening skills.
Some students,however,bring their Mate60s to the classroom listening to music with earphones,and some playing video games,which makes teachers and students greatly annoyed.
In my opinion,the classroom is a place for studying,and concentration is terribly needed. Therefore,we should make good use of Mate60s and other modern communication tools to help with our lessons.
Meanwhile,schools should make some rules to instruct the students to use Mate60s properly.
Yours sincerely,
Zhang Meng(共29张PPT)
UNIT 12 INNOVATION
Period Six Viewing Workshop
—Check Your Progress
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.猜词意
A.控制;管理
B.(使)爆炸;急剧增长
C.大量;大宗;大量的
D.纤维
E.保存(食物);腌制;维护;保护;腌菜;果酱
1.We need to preserve the forest. ( )
2.They told her to stay still until the emergency personnel arrived,but she thought the car was going to explode. ( )
3.If you look at the paper under a microscope,you will see the fibre. ( )
【答案】1.E 2.B 3.D
4.I’ve got masses of work to do. So I’m extremely exhausted. ( )
5.To regulate an activity or process means to control it,especially by means of rules. ( )
【答案】4.C 5.A
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.She ________________ having diabetes last year.
去年她被诊断患有糖尿病。
2.Some classes ____________ by number.
一些班级按编号排列。
【答案】1.was diagnosed with 2.line up
3.A diet that is high in fat can __________ obesity.
脂肪含量高的饮食会导致肥胖。
4.I _________ you for good advice.
我得依赖你给我提出好的建议。
5.It is difficult for a lay person to _______ medical libraries.
非专业人员很难进入医学图书馆。
【答案】3.lead to 4.rely on 5.gain access to
课堂新知讲练
1.mass n. 大量,大宗 adj. 大量的
(P65)This invention made it much quicker and easier to reproduce written work and led to the first ever mass-production of books and literature.
【翻译】这个发明(注:指印刷术)使得复制文字作品更快、更容易,从而大量产生了第一批书籍和文学。
◇词汇拓讲
mass n. 团;块;堆;大多数;主要部分;质量
adj. 大量的;大批的
v. 集中;集结;聚集
a mass of 大量的
massive adj. 大量的;巨大的;厚重的;魁伟的;严重的
massively adv. 大量地;沉重地;庄严地
massiveness n. 沉重;巨大;大块;大量
【语言提升】
On his desk is a mass of books and papers.
在他书桌上有大堆的书和文件。
His body was a mass of sores.
他浑身伤痛。
The explosion made a massive hole in the ground.
爆炸在地面留下了一个巨大的坑。
Forget the important things: we can’t even get it right when estimating the cost of a building — witness the massively over-budget Sydney Opera House or the new Wembley Stadium.
忘记一些重要的事情:我们甚至不能准确预算一栋建筑的花费——悉尼歌剧院或是新温布莱体育场的大量超支就是这方面的例子。
At present,massive contradiction in China is characterized by interests and massiveness. The main aspect of contradiction is management.
当前我国的群体矛盾具有利益性、群体性,矛盾的主要方面是管理层。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)The song became _____________ in 1945.
这首歌在1945年取得了巨大成功。
(2)Their latest product is aimed at the ______________.
他们的最新产品瞄准了大众市场。
【答案】(1)a massive hit (2)mass market
(3)The protest campaign has used ________________ and demonstrations to press its demands.
抗议活动采用了大规模罢工和示威游行来有力地表明其要求。
(4)In the _____________ era,multinational firms tended to centralize their operations.
在大规模生产时期,跨国公司倾向于集中运营。
【答案】(3)mass strikes (4)mass production
2.regulate vt. 控制,管理
(P66)One regulates almost everything we do,another affects the way we eat,and the last has changed the very look of our cities.
【翻译】一个几乎控制我们所做的一切,另一个影响着我们饮食的方式,最后一个则改变了我们城市的面貌。
regulate 还可表示“控制;调节;调整;制约;校准;对准”。
regulator n. 监管机构;监管者;调整者;校准器
regulation n. 管理;规则;校准
adj. 规定的;必须使用的
regulatory adj. 管理的;控制的;调整的
regulative adj. 调整的;调节的;管制的
【语言提升】
Under such a plan,the government would regulate competition among insurance companies so that everyone gets care at lower cost.
根据这样一个计划,政府会控制保险公司之间的竞争,这样每个人都能以较低价格获得保险。
At least one regulator in Europe said it had opened a probe.
至少有一个欧洲监管机构表示已经开始调查此事。
Yet where a strong government is needed — as regulator,enforcer of contracts and guarantor of competition — it is weak.
不过,在一些强大政府的地方——来监管、保证合同的执行和担保竞争的公平性——却很薄弱。
The economic market is a self-correcting mechanism,which does not need regulation by government.
市场经济是一种自动调节的机制,不需要政府调控。
The latest regulatory orders will not come into effect until next year.
最新发布的监管办法要到明年才生效。
Regulative authorities will closely scrutinize a business plan at this stage.
调控当局将密切监察在这个阶段的商业计划。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)An independent __________ (regulate) will be appointed to ensure fair competition.
(2)The European Union has proposed new ________ (regulate) to control the hours worked by its employees.
【答案】(1)regulator (2)regulations
(3)The city has so far failed to regulate ________ (it) effectively.
(4)The calculation shows that the Beiyangdian Lake has a __________ (regulate) and progressive effect on the local climate.
【答案】(3)itself (4)regulative
随堂知能小练
一、单词拼写
1.The population __________ (急剧增长) to 40,000 during the tourist season.
2.The US business had become uncompetitive globally and began restructuring __________ (massive),with huge layoffs.
【答案】1.explodes 2.massively
3.Too high house prices can be brought under control,on condition that the authorities introduce a series of _________ (regulate) policies.
4.Let me give another example to __________ (阐明) this difficult point.
5.This is the oldest working __________ (机械的) clock in the world.
【答案】3.regulatory 4.illustrate 5.mechanical
二、单句语法填空
1.After the second ________ (explode),all of London’s main trains and subway stations were shut down.
2.Rescue planes are trying to locate the missing ________ (sailor).
【答案】1.explosion 2.sailor(s)
3.Some in the market now want government ________ (regulate) in order to reduce costs.
4.An ________ (illustrate) of China’s dynamism(活力) is that a new company is formed in Shanghai every 11 seconds.
5.The method is ________ (specific) designed for use in small groups.
【答案】3.regulation(s) 4.illustration 5.specifically
三、完成句子
1.These prices are correct ____________ going to press.
这些价格在付印时是准确无误的。
2.I think he will learn that it’s impossible to finish something ____________________.
我想他会了解,只靠自己一个人是不可能把事情做完的。
【答案】1.at the time of 2.all by oneself
3.You should see all the services ___________ the second machine in less than a minute.
您应该观察到,在不到一分钟的时间内,第二台机器上的所有服务都会启动。
4.“Everybody wants to _________ something special,” Tom said.
“每个人都希望有些特别的事情在自己身上发生。”汤姆说。
【答案】3.come up on 4.be associated with (共17张PPT)
UNIT 12 INNOVATION
单元词汇预通关
一、中英互译
1.n. 轨道 vi. & vt. 沿轨道运行________
2.adv. 后来,随后________
3.adv. 有效率地,高效能地________
【答案】1.orbit 2.subsequently 3.efficiently
4.adv. 特定地,专门地________
5.num. 百万________
6.虽然;不顾;尽管……(仍……) ________
【答案】4.specifically 5.million 6.in spite of
二、选择合适的词,并用其正确形式填空
动词
donate,correspond,launch,perceive,propose
1.An anonymous businesswoman _______ one million dollars to the charity yesterday.
2.The organisation has _____ a campaign to raise $150,000.
3.They were widely _______ to have been unlucky.
【答案】1.donated 2.launched 3.perceived
emerge,decline,boil,explode,regulate,illustrate,preserve
4.Profits have ________ as a result of the recent drop in sales.
5.You can ________ the temperature in the house by adjusting the thermostat(恒温器).
【答案】4.declined 5.regulate
6.One example will suffice to ________ the point.
7.The sun ________ from behind the clouds.
8.We want to ________ the character of the town while improving the facilities.
【答案】6.illustrate 7.emerged 8.preserve
名词
well-being,entertainment,innovation,garbage,device
1.Rescuers used a special ________ for finding people trapped in collapsed buildings.
2.There’s not much in the way of ________ in this town — just the cinema and a couple of pubs.
3.We must encourage ________ if the company is to remain competitive.
【答案】1.device 2.entertainment 3.innovation
microscope,satellite,finding,biologist,outcome,sailor
4.It was impossible to predict the ________ of the election.
5.A ________ at Stanford University showed me that nothing an ant does makes any sense except in terms of the whole colony.
6.A ________ threw a rope ashore and we tied the boat to a post.
【答案】4.outcome 5.biologist 6.sailor
navy,accuracy,missile,physicist,tube,circuit
7.We can predict changes with a surprising degree of ________.
8.A defect was found in the electrical ________.
9.These guns will destroy or disable any incoming ________.
【答案】7.accuracy 8.circuit 9.missile
clueless,bonus,gravity,steam,kettle,fibre,mass
10.I love the job,and it’s an added ______ that it’s so close to home.
11.If one man invented a _______ engine and another a railway,then the two could come together.
12.Mars’ ________ is only about 38% of Earth’s.
13.There was a ______ of people around the club entrance.
【答案】10.bonus 11.steam 12.gravity 13.mass
形容词
labour-saving,gifted,productive,scientific,instant
1.In order to turn the deserts into fertile and ________ land,engineers built an 800-mile canal.
2.We will have to adopt a more _____ approach in the future.
3.We knew that there were no ________ or easy solutions to overcome the problems that we faced.
【答案】1.productive 2.scientific 3.instant
premier,constant,humble,joint
4.Taylor is not arrogant and his students describe him as a ________ and modest man.
5.The project was a ________ effort between the two schools.
【答案】4.humble 5.joint
grand,mechanical,accurate,electric
6.Present on this ________ occasion were Andrew Davies,Melissa Peters and other such stars.
7.Her novel is a(n) ________ reflection of life in Spain.
8.Fans of ________ cars say they are clean,quiet,and economical.
【答案】6.grand 7.accurate 8.electric
三、一词多义匹配练习
overcome A.vt. 克服(困难) B.vt. 控制(感情) C.vt. 征服,战胜
1.In the final game,Sweden easily overcame France.( )
2.Eventually,she managed to overcome her shyness in class. ( )
3.Something gave me the strength to overcome the difficulty. ( )
【答案】1—3 CBA
四、请根据教材P52—P53的内容,选用合适的短语并以其适当形式填空
deal with,go out,single out,look for,nothing like,thousand of,turn on,in a joint effort,weigh over,turn to
Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery,it is possible to 1.__________ a few pioneers of the 20th century.
【答案】1.single out
Here are some of them … During World War Ⅱ,when Fleming’s discovery was first helping to cure people,the US Navy was 2.__________ ways of improving the accuracy of their missiles. The navy 3.__________ Eckert,an engineer,and Mauchly,a physicist,to 4.__________ the problem and produce a machine to do the job 5.__________.
【答案】2.looking for 3.turned to 4.deal with 5.in a joint effort
Although they only finished after the war in 1946,it did not matter. This huge machine was the world’s first computer,but it was 6._______ our computers today. It measured 100 feet long by over 10 feet high and 7._______ 30,000 kilograms. With 18,000 tubes,8._______ circuits and 6,000 switches,it used so much energy that when it was 9.________ ,the lights in the local town 10.________ !
【答案】6.nothing like 7.weighed over 8.thousands of 9.turned on 10.went out (共33张PPT)
UNIT 12 INNOVATION
单元要点回顾
知识要点 重点内容
阅读词汇 1.well-being n. _________________
2.entertainment n. _________________
3.garbage n. _________________
4.device n. _______________________
5.microscope n. _________________
6.launch vt. __________________________
健康,幸福,舒适
娱乐节目
垃圾
设备,装置;修辞手段
显微镜
发射;发动,发起,开始从事
知识要点 重点内容
阅读词汇 7.satellite n. _________________
8.orbit n. _________________
vi. &vt. ___________________
9.million num. _________________
10.navy n. _________________
11.tube n. ___________________________________
12.circuit n. _________________
人造卫星;卫星
n. 轨道
vi. & vt. 沿轨道运行
百万
海军
圆管,管子;电视显像管,阴极射线管
电路,线路;环形道路
知识要点 重点内容
阅读词汇 13.missile n. _________________
14.bonus n. ________________________________
15.gravity n. _________________
16.steam n. ____________________
17.kettle n. _________________
18.fibre n. _____________________________
导弹,飞弹
意外收获,额外的好处;奖金;红利
重力,引力
水蒸气;蒸汽动力
水壶,壶
(木材、碳等天然材料的)纤维
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 1._______________ adj. 节省劳力的
2.___________ adj. 最好的;最重要的
3._____________ adv. 后来,随后
4.___________ adj. 恒久不变的;持续不断的,经常发生的
5.___________ vt. 察觉,注意到,发觉
labour-saving
premier
subsequently
constant
perceive
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 6.___________ adj. 谦虚的,谦卑的
7.___________ n. 结果,后果
8.___________ adj. 联合的,共同的,共有的
9.___________ vt. 提出(某观点、方法等)
10.___________ vi. 出现,浮现
11.____________ vt. 克服(困难),控制(感情);征服,战胜
humble
outcome
joint
propose
emerge
overcome
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 12._________ adj. 宏伟的,壮丽的,隆重的
13._________ vi. 减少,降低
14._________ vi. &vt. (使)沸腾,煮沸;(用开水)煮 n. 沸腾
15._________ n. 大量;大宗 adj. 大量的
16.__________ vt. 保存(食物),腌制;维护,保护 n. 腌菜,果酱
grand
decline
boil
mass
preserve
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 1._____________ n. 娱乐节目
→ ___________ v. 娱乐
2.___________ n. 新发明,新方法,新观念
→ ___________ v. 创新;改革;革新
3.___________ adj. 有天赋的,有才华的
→ ___________ n. 礼物;天赋;赠品
entertainment
entertain
innovation
innovate
gifted
gift
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 4.___________ adj. 多产的;丰饶的;富有成效的
→ ___________ n. 产品;结果
→ ___________ v. 生产
5.___________ adj. 科学(上)的
→ _____________ adv. 科学地;系统地
→ ___________ n. 科学
→ ___________ n. 科学家;科学工作者
productive
product
produce
scientific
scientifically
science
scientist
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 6.___________ v. 捐赠,捐献
→ ___________ n. 捐献;赠品
→ ___________ adj. 捐赠的
7._____________ v. 通信
→ ______________ n. 客户;通信者;通信记者
→ ________________ n. 通信,一致,相当
donate
donation
donative
correspond
correspondent
correspondence
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 8.___________ adj. 立刻的,马上的
→ ___________ adv. 立刻;马上
9._____________ adv. 后来;随后
→ ____________ adj. 随后的
→ ______________ adj. 后来的;并发的
10.___________ adj. 恒久不变的;持续不断的
→ ___________ adv. 不断地;时常地
instant
instantly
subsequently
subsequent
subsequential
constant
constantly
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 11.__________ n. 生物学家
→ ___________ n. 生物学
→ ___________ adj. 生物的
→ ___________ adj. 生物的;生物学的
→ _____________ adv. 生物学上;生物学地
biologist
biology
biologic
biological
biologically
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 12._________ n. 物理学家
→ __________ n. 物理学;物理现象
→ ___________ adj. 物理的;身体的;物质的
→ __________ adv. 肉体地;身体地;按自然法则地
13.__________ adv. 有效率地,高效能地
→ ___________ adj. 有效的
→ ___________ n. 效率;效能;高效
physicist
physics
physical
physically
efficiently
efficient
efficiency
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 14.__________ adj. 一无所知的;一窍不通的
→ ___________ n. 线索;情节
15.___________ n. 评估;评价
→ ___________ v. 评估;评价
16.___________ adj. 理论的
→ _____________ adv. 理论地;理论上
→ ___________ n. 理论
clueless
clue
evaluation
evaluate
theoretical
theoretically
theory
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 17._____________ n. 改善,改进;改进之处
→ ___________ v. 改善;提高;完善
18.___________ v. 爆炸;急剧增长
→ ___________ n. 爆炸;爆破;爆炸物;炸弹
→ ___________ adj. 爆炸的
improvement
improve
explode
explosion
explosive
知识要点 重点内容
重点词块 1.对……感兴趣 ___________________
2.一种 ___________________
3.变成 ___________________
4.适应 ___________________
5.be placed into ___________________
6.at the moment ___________________
7.put into operation ___________________
be interested in …
a type of
turn into
adapt to
被放进
此刻;当时
使生效;使运转
知识要点 重点内容
重点词块 8.去度假;正在度假 ___________________
9.事实上 ___________________
10.熄灭;过时 ___________________
11.很少;几乎没有 ___________________
12.在上班;起作用 ___________________
13.be committed to ___________________
14.be inspired by … ___________________
go on holiday
in fact
go out
only a few
be at work
致力于
被……激励
知识要点 重点内容
重点词块 15.figure out ___________________
16.single out ___________________
17.in a joint effort ___________________
18.be dedicated to ___________________
19.be transformed into ___________________
20.participate in ___________________
21.come up with ___________________
算出;想出
挑出;挑选
共同努力;齐心协力
献身于
转变为;变成
参加;参与
想出;提出
知识要点 重点内容
重点词块 22.not to mention ______________________
23.想起 ______________________
24.突然 ______________________
25.对……很激动 ___________________
26.导致 ___________________
27.浪费时间 ___________________
28.在……的阶段 ___________________
更不必说;不用提及
fly/come to one’s mind
all at once/all of a sudden
be excited about
lead to
a waste of time
at the stage of …
知识要点 重点内容
重点词块 29.偶然 ___________________
30.被卷入;涉及 ___________________
31.bury oneself in … ___________________
32.can’t help doing sth ___________________
33.walk around ___________________
34.write out ___________________
35.恶化 ___________________
by incident
become involved in
专心致志于……
情不自禁做某事
溜达;闲逛
写出
get worse
知识要点 重点内容
重点词块 36.早期 ___________________
37.在……的开幕式上 ___________________
38.lose one’s speech ___________________
39.separate from ___________________
40.put together ___________________
41.be proud of … ___________________
42.be diagnosed with ___________________
early stage
at the opening of …
说不出话
分开;隔开
组合;放在一起
为……自豪
被诊断出
知识要点 重点内容
重点词块 43.be allowed to do sth ___________________
44.大量的 ___________________
45.在那时 ___________________
46.以更低的成本 ___________________
47.上上下下地 ___________________
48.be gifted in… ___________________
49.reflect on … ___________________
被允许做某事
a large amount of
at the time
at lower costs
up and down
在……方面有天赋
思考;反省;回想
知识要点 重点内容
重点词块 50.失明 _____________________
51.和……有联系 _____________________
52.在底端 _____________________
53.在……名单上 _____________________
54.决心做某事 _____________________
55.on and on _____________________
lose one’s sight
be associated with…
at the bottom
on the list of …
be determined to do sth.
继续;不停地
知识要点 重点内容
重点词块 56.be concerned with … ___________________
57.for the purpose of … ___________________
58.rely on ___________________
59.back then ___________________
60.come up on ___________________
参与;干预;关心
为了……的目的
依赖;依靠
那时候;当时
出现在;达到;符合
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 1.What are the inventions you _____________ _______
没有它们你就不能生活的发明是什么
2.How life has been transformed in ____________ ________ !
在如此短的时间里,生活改变真大啊!
cannot live
without
such a short
time
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 3.The navy turned to Eckert,____________,and Mauchly,___________,to deal with the problem and produce a machine to do the job in a joint effort.
美国海军向一位工程师埃克特和一位物理学家马克利请求帮助,联合处理这个问题,生产做这个工作的机器。
an engineer
a physicist
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 4.Human life on this planet has been transformed into a “global village”,with all the different countries __________________________________.
人类在这个星球上的生活已经被转变成了“地球村”,所有不同的国家都因共同利益而紧紧联系在一起。
linked in the chain of common interests
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 5.Then you ____________________ out: “Aha! That’s it!”
然后你情不自禁地大喊:“哈哈,就是它!”
6._______________________________________,you do nothing.
在深入一个领域后,你什么都不做。
can’t help shouting
After you deeply become involved in an area
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 7.Hawking was famous,_________ for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology,________ for overcoming the challenges of ALS (a disease that affects muscle control).
霍金举世闻名,不仅是因为他在理论物理学和宇宙学方面的杰出成就,还因为他克服了ALS(一种影响肌肉控制的疾病)的挑战。
not just
but also
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 8.And he believed this was because of __________ ______________________________________________________________.
而且他相信,这是因为他收到来自他的家人、许多人及组织机构的援助。
the help he received from his family and a large number of people and organisations
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 9.__________________ new types of jobs and the availability of new products at lower costs.
随着这个(指前面提到的工业革命)的到来,各种新型的工作以及更低成本的新产品也出现了。
With this came
知识要点 重点内容
重点语法 介词短语
1.His movie won several awards at the film festival,which was _________ his wildest dreams.
2.My mother is _________ my suggestion while my father is in favour of it.
beyond
against
知识要点 重点内容
重点语法 3.Don’t leave the medicine ________ the children’s reach. It’s dangerous.
4.__________ hearing the good news,I couldn’t help jumping up.
within
On/Upon (共20张PPT)
UNIT 12 INNOVATION
美 文 导 入
素养解读:近几年英语高考的突出特点是坚持能力立意,突出对核心素养的考查。下面这篇文章就是围绕“思维品质”这一学科素养展开的。文章介绍了与本单元“科技创新”话题紧密相关的内容,有助于提升同学们对新兴科技的兴趣,从而树立积极的钻研科学、投身于科学的探索精神。
主题:人与社会
学科素养:思维品质
难度系数:★★★★★
【语篇导读】本文介绍了亚龙·古罗维奇研究出一种新的分析面部照片的神经网,可以通过分析面部图片帮助医生缩小诊断范围,从而可以实现人工智能看脸识别疾病。
People with genetic syndromes (综合征) sometimes have revealing facial features,but using them to make a quick and cheap diagnosis can be tricky given there are hundreds of possible conditions they may have. A new neural (神经系统的) network that analyses photographs of faces can help doctors narrow down the possibilities.
Yaron Gurovich at biotechnology firm FDNA in Boston and his team built a neural network to look at the overall impression of faces and return a list of the 10 genetic syndromes a person is most likely to have.
They based the neural network,called DeepGestalt,on 17,000 images correctly labeled to match more than 200 genetic syndromes. The team then asked AI to identify potential genetic disorders from a further 502 photos of people with such conditions. It included the correct answer among its list of 10 responses 91 percent of the time.
Gurovich and his team also tested the neural network’s ability to distinguish between the different genetic mutations (基因突变) that can lead to the same syndrome. They used photographs of people with Noonan syndrome(努南综合征),which can result from mutations in any one of five genes. DeepGestalt correctly identified the genetic source of the physical appearance 64 percent of the time. It’s clearly not perfect,but it’s still much better than humans are at trying to do this.
As the system makes its assessments,the facial regions that are most helpful in the determination are highlighted and made available for doctors to view. This helps them to understand the relationships between genetic make-up and physical appearance.
The fact that the diagnosis is based on a simple photograph raises questions about privacy. If faces can reveal details about genetics,then employers and insurance providers could,in principle,secretly use such techniques to discriminate against people who have a high probability of having certain disorders. However,Gurovich says the tool will only be available for use by clinicians.
This technique could bring significant benefits for those who have genetic syndromes. The real value here is that for some of these ultra-rare diseases,the process of diagnosis can be many,many years. This kind of technology can help narrow down the search space and then be confirmed through checking genetic markers. For some diseases,it will cut down the time to diagnose dramatically. For others,it could perhaps add means of finding other people with the disease and,in turn,help find new treatments or cures.
注:努南综合征(Noonan syndrome)是一种在临床上具有相同的表型,但是在遗传上却存在异质性的疾病。
tricky /'tr k / adj. 狡猾的;机警的;棘手的
identify /a 'dent fa / vt. 确定;鉴定;识别;辨认出;使参与;把……看成一样 vi. 确定;认同;一致
disorder /d s' d r/ n. 骚乱;混乱;失调;疾病
probability / pr b 'b l ti/ n. 可能性;概率
○课标词汇
narrow down 缩小;限制;减少
result from 由于;起因于;由……造成
in principle 大体上;原则上
discriminate against 歧视;区别对待
be available for 有效;对……有用;可供……利用
cut down 削减;砍倒
1.As the system makes its assessments,the facial regions that are most helpful in the determination are highlighted and made available for doctors to view.
○句型精析
分析:这是一个复合句。主句的主语为“the facial regions”,谓语为 “are highlighted”和 “made”;“that are most helpful in the determination”是定语从句,“As the system makes its assessments”为时间状语从句。
译文:在这个系统作出评估的时候,在测定中最有帮助作用的面部区域会被突出显示,使医生得以仔细检查。
2.If faces can reveal details about genetics,then employers and insurance providers could,in principle,secretly use such techniques to discriminate against people who have a high probability of having certain disorders.
分析:这是一个复合句 “If faces can reveal details about genetics”是条件状语从句,in principle,secretly 是状语,“to discriminate against people”是动词不定式作目的状语,“who have a high probability of having certain disorders”是定语从句,修饰先行词“people”。
译文:如果面部能透露基因的详细情况,那么雇主和保险公司大体上就能秘密地运用这些技术区别对待那些很可能患有一定疾病的人员。
单元核心素养目标
【语言技能】
掌握形容词和短语介词方面的用法;
熟练运用I’m afraid,would you please tell us,does that mean,could you explain来表达有礼貌的请求;
学会介绍一个发明家及其发明;
通过网络、书刊了解一些最新、最有意义的发明创造。
【素养提升】
充分认识到科技是人类进步的重要力量;
逐步积累科学、技术方面的知识,培养自己的科学素养;
关心科学、技术的发展,树立投身于科技创新的理想,造福人类。