北师大版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 10 Connections单元课件（9份打包）

(共62张PPT)
UNIT 10　CONNECTIONS
Period One　Topic Talk
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．猜词意
A．道歉，谢罪　
B．干扰，打扰，使中断　
C．鼓励，鼓舞；起激励作用的事物　
D．诊所，(医院)门诊部　
E．羡慕，妒忌　
1．Her words were a great encouragement to them. (　　)
2．If you envy someone, you wish that you had the same things or qualities that they have. (　　)
3．A clinic is a building where people go to receive medical advice or treatment. (　　)
4．We apologise for the delay and regret any inconvenience it may have caused. (　　)
5．Did you sleep well I didn’t want to disturb you. You looked so peaceful. (　　)
【答案】1—5　CEDAB　
Ⅱ．猜单词拼写　
1．agreement n. 同意；赞同；协定→ ________ n. 意见不合；分歧；争论　
(参考：like→dislike)　
2．encourage vt. 鼓励；鼓舞→ ________ n. 鼓励；鼓舞；起激励作用的事物　
(参考：settle→settlement)　
【答案】1．disagreement　2．encouragement　
3．disturbance n. 干扰，扰乱；骚乱，动乱→ ________ vt. 干扰；打扰；使中断　
(参考：endurance→endure)　
4．envy vt. 羡慕；妒忌→ ________ adj. 羡慕的；忌妒的　
(参考：danger→dangerous)　
【答案】3．disturb　4．envious　
Ⅲ．预备话题素材　
1．农民们听到这一坏消息感到不安。
Farmers ________________ the bad news.
2．我的父母总是支持我所做的一切。
My parents ______________ everything I do all the time.
【答案】1．were disturbed to hear　2．support me in　
3．他最不想参观的地方是这个市中心的博物馆。
_______________ was the museum in the centre of the city.
4．最重要的事是我们先在这个村庄安顿下来。
________________ we should settle down in the village first.
【答案】3．The last place he wanted to visit　
4．The most important thing is that　
5．她完全不同意并且立刻离开了会议室。
She ___________________ and immediately left the meeting room.
【答案】5．was in complete disagreement
课堂新知讲练
1．hang out 闲逛，逗留；泡在某处　
(P109)The last person I took a photo of was my sister Daisy when we were hanging out last weekend at the park.
【翻译】我最近一次给人拍照是给我妹妹黛西，是上周末我们逛公园的时候拍的。
◇词汇拓讲
hang v. 悬；吊；悬着；吊着；垂着；吊死；绞死；悬浮；死机；笼罩　
hang around 闲荡；徘徊　
hang in 坚持　
hang on 坚持下去；不挂断；握住不放；等一下；取决于　
【语言提升】
I was worried I wouldn’t be able to hang my laundry out.
我担心我不能把洗好的衣服晾到外面去。
You shouldn’t hang around alone at night.
晚上你不应该一个人闲荡。
Can you hang on for a minute
你能等一会儿吗
【针对练习】　
完成句子　
(1)I just came by to see whether you want to ______ with me.
我过来看看你是否愿意和我一起出去玩。
(2) ________________ there. Things will look up soon.
坚持。事情很快就会好转的。
(3) ________________ . I’ll be ready in half a minute.
等一下，我马上就准备好了。
【答案】(1)hang out　(2)Hang in　(3)Hang on　
2．conflict n. 抵触，冲突，矛盾　
(P109)Well, sometimes conflicts will come up, but never for very long.
【翻译】嗯，有时候会出现矛盾，但是从来不会存在很长时间。
conflicting adj. 冲突的；相矛盾的；不一致的　
conflict with sth 不合；不一致；冲突；抵触　
A and B conflict. A和B相冲突。
in conflict with… 和……冲突　
confliction n. 冲突　
【语言提升】
The president faces conflicting advice from his brain trust.
总统面对着智囊团提出的相互冲突的意见。
Their account of events conflicts with ours.
他们对事件的说法与我们截然不同。
She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.
她发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母存在分歧。
I think there is no confliction in them.
我想这二者之间是没有冲突的。
【针对练习】　
单句语法填空　
(1)We should learn to respect others so as to avoid attrition and ________ (conflict).
(2)Social progress is normally a matter of struggles and ________ (conflict).
【答案】(1)confliction　(2)conflicts　
(3)They have met tough situations, such as sufferings from the hardships of carving out and the dilemma between family and enterprise, the ________ (conflict) between ideal and the reality, and so on.
(4)They confused me with ________ (conflict) accounts of what happened.
【答案】(3)confliction　(4)conflicting　
完成句子　
(5)The story tells of a classic ____________ love and duty.
这故事讲的是典型的爱情与责任之间的矛盾。
(6)I’m _______________ my parents on which major to choose.
我在选什么专业上与我的父母存在分歧。
【答案】(5)conflict between　(6)in conflict with　
3．encouragement n. 鼓励，鼓舞；起激励作用的事物　
(P109)The most important thing is that we are always there for each other whenever one needs some help or just a bit of encouragement.
【翻译】最重要的是，无论什么时候，有人需要帮助或者鼓励时，我们彼此都总是会出现的。
encourage vt. 鼓励；怂恿；激励；支持　
encourage to do sth 鼓励做某事　
discourage vt. 阻止；使气馁　
discouraged adj. 灰心的；丧气的　
discouraging adj. 使人沮丧的；令人气馁的　
discouragement n. 气馁；挫折；劝阻　
courage n. 勇气；胆量　
【语言提升】
I encourage you to join the team and contribute your thoughts to the project.
我鼓励您加入这个队伍，并提出您对这个项目的想法。
She was determined not to be too discouraged.
她下了决心不要太气馁。
His parents tried to discourage him from being an actor.
他的父母试图阻止他去当演员。
【针对练习】　
单句语法填空　
(1)Her criticisms had the effect of ________ (discourage) him completely.
(2)He wasn’t ________ (discourage) when they threw cold water on his ideas.
【答案】(1)discouraging　(2)discouraged　
(3)Investors were ________ (encourage) by the good news.
(4)He persevered in the face of active ________ (discourage) from those around him.
【答案】(3)encouraged　(4)discouragement　
完成句子　
(5)Teenagers _____________ voluntary work.
青少年被鼓励去做志愿工作。
(6)Her words were _______________ to them.
她的话对他们是极大的鼓舞。
【答案】(5)are encouraged to do　(6)a great encouragement　
4．disturb vt. 干扰，打扰，使中断　
(P109)Basically, they were making too much noise in their flat in the evenings and it was really disturbing us.
【翻译】基本上，晚上他们在自己的寓所里发出了太多的噪音，这的确干扰了我们的生活。
disturb　作动词时，意义比较广泛，还有“妨碍；弄乱；使恼怒；使不安”等意思。
disturbing adj. 令人不安的；烦扰的　
disturbed adj. 扰乱的；受到干扰的　
disturbance n. 干扰；骚乱；忧虑(复数形式为disturbances)
【语言提升】
The letter shocked and disturbed me.
这封信使我感到震惊和不安。
There was something about him she found disturbing.
她发现他身上有些东西让她觉得不安。
Poor educational performance is related to emotional disturbance.
学习表现不好与情绪不稳定有关。
【针对练习】　
单句语法填空　
(1)The newspaper has unearthed some ______ (disturb) facts.
(2)I was deeply ________ (disturb) and depressed by the news.
(3)Successful breeding requires quiet, peaceful conditions with as little ________ (disturb) as possible.
【答案】(1)disturbing　(2)disturbed　(3)disturbance　
完成句子　
(4)If you get up early, try ______________ everyone else.
如果你起得早，尽量不要打扰别人。
(5)I’m sorry ________________ , but can I talk to you for a moment
对不起，打扰你一下，我能跟你谈一会儿吗
【答案】(4)not to disturb　(5)to disturb you　
5．apologise vi. 道歉，谢罪　
(P109)Instead of staying in our flat, feeling angry about the noise, we went over to their flat, told them how unhappy the noise was making us and they apologised and said they would make less noise from then on.
【翻译】比起待在我们的公寓里对这些噪音生闷气，我们去了他们的寓所，告诉他们，这些噪音使我们多么的不舒服，于是他们向我们道歉，说从那以后会减少噪音。
(1)apologise to sb 向某人道歉　
apologise for sth 因某事而道歉　
(2)apology n. 道歉；谢罪；辩护；勉强的替代物　
make an apology to sb 向某人道歉　
make an apology for sth 因某事而道歉　
apology letter 道歉信；致歉函　
【语言提升】
He apologised to the teacher for coming late.
他因迟到而向老师道歉。
We would like to offer our apologies for the delay of your flight today.
对于您今天的航班误点，我们深表歉意。
【针对练习】　
单句语法填空　
(1)She made her ________ (apology) and left early.
(2)He ________ (apologise) for not being able to meet her just now.
【答案】(1)apologies　(2)apologised　
完成句子　
(3)I must ___________ missing our appointment yesterday.
我必须为错过我们昨天的约会道歉。
(4)He _____________ me for hurting my feelings.
他因伤害了我的感情而向我道歉。
【答案】(3)apologise for　(4)made an apology to　
1．(P109)Basically, they were making too much noise in their flat in the evenings and it was really disturbing us.
【翻译】基本上，晚上他们在自己的寓所里发出了太多的噪音，这的确干扰了我们的生活。
【句式剖析】　
“Basically”是单独的副词放在句首作状语，修饰整个句子。
◇句式解读
在英语中，有些副词，单独放在句子前面，并用逗号与主句隔开，与主句并不紧密结合。它并不是修饰谓语，而是对整个句子进行说明或解释，表明说话人对话语的看法或态度。这类副词通常有：　
absurdly 荒谬地　
actually 实际上　
【句式提升】
admittedly 无可否认地　
astonishingly 令人惊讶地　
certainly 的确　
coincidentally 碰巧　
curiously 好奇地　
definitely 明确地；确切地　
economically 经济上　
educationally 教育方面地　
evidently 明显地　
financially 财经上　
frankly 坦率地　
fortunately 幸运地　
honestly 诚实地　
hopefully 有希望地　
Astonishingly, a large percentage of online commenters said they understood why the onlookers did not lend a helping hand.
令人惊讶的是，很大一部分网络评论者说他们理解那些不愿伸出援手的旁观者。
Admittedly, they have a good reason to be nervous about safety.
无可否认，他们很有理由担心安全问题。
【针对练习】　
完成句子　
(1) ________ , they had both studied in Paris.
碰巧的是，他们俩都在巴黎学习过。
(2) ________ , it was difficult, but it wasn’t impossible.
无可否认，它是很难，但并非不可能。
(3) ________ , we’ll arrive before dark.
我们有望在天黑前到达。
【答案】(1)Coincidentally　(2)Admittedly　(3)Hopefully　
单句语法填空　
(4) ____________ (financial), I’m much better-off than before.
(5) __________ (frank), Thomas, this question of your loan is beginning to worry me.
(6) ________ (economical), socially and educationally, their descendants(子孙；后代) have barely moved up.
【答案】(4)Financially　(5)Frankly　(6)Economically　
2．(P109)Instead of staying in our flat, feeling angry about the noise, we went over to their flat, told them how unhappy the noise was making us and they apologised and said they would make less noise from then on.
【翻译】比起待在我们的公寓里，对这些噪音生闷气，我们去了他们的寓所，告诉他们，这些噪音使我们多么的不舒服，于是他们向我们道歉，说从那以后会减少噪音。
【句式剖析】　
“Instead of staying in our flat”为介词短语前置，作状语。
(1)作为介词短语，instead of 后面常跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式，偶尔也跟复合结构。
(2)instead of 后面还可跟形容词、副词、动词、不定式、介词短语或从句。
【句式提升】
(3)介词短语作前置状语，常用来表示强调，后面通常有逗号隔开。
(4)介词短语作状语，用来修饰动词，通常放在句子的后面。
Taking exercise every day makes him look younger instead of older. (后接形容词)　
每天锻炼身体使他显得更年轻而不是苍老。
I go to bed late instead of early. (后接副词)　
我睡得晚，而不是提早睡。
That increased instead of decreased our courage. (后接动词)　
那增加而不是减少了我们的勇气。
He proposes to do some work instead of to watch television. (后接不定式)　
他提议做些工作而不是看电视。
In warm weather he often reads under a tree instead of in the library. (后接介词短语)　
天气暖和的时候，他常常是在树下而不是在图书馆里读书。
【针对练习】　
完成句子　
(1) ________________ , we must cut our budget in half.
我认为，我们必须将预算减半。
(2) ________________ a hand, he laughed at us.
他不仅没有帮我们一把，反而嘲笑我们。
【答案】(1)In my opinion　(2)Instead of lending　
(3)A word of encouragement might have made me respect _____________________ .
他若是说一句鼓励的话，那么我或许不会讨厌他，反而会敬重他。
(4) ________________ , silver began to flow out of, instead of into the country.
结果，银子开始流出而不是流入该国。
【答案】(3)instead of hating him　(4)As a result　
单句语法填空　
(5) ________ the whole, Jack has been a good friend.
(6)He was not conscious of my presence ________ the room.
(7)I am not interested in doing business ________ that firm.
【答案】(5)On　(6)in　(7)with　
(8)He returned home ________ his dictionary.
(9)There will be no living things ________ water.
(10)John is now somewhere ________ the high seas, and we wish him a pleasant holiday.
【答案】(8)for/with　(9)without　(10)on　
随堂知能小练
一、单词拼写　
1．He checked into a top London c______ yesterday for an operation on his knee.
2．A significant exhibition of contemporary sculpture will be on view at the Portland G______ .
【答案】1．clinic　2．Gallery　
3．The factory had its own hospital, b______ and food stores. And everything was connected with kilometres of tunnels.
4．A c______ is a restaurant where you choose your food from a counter and take it to your table after paying for it.
5．If you live in the s______ , you live in an area of houses outside the centre of a city or large town.
【答案】3．bakery　4．cafeteria　5．suburbs　
6．If there is f______ between people, there is disagreement and argument between them.
7．E______ is the activity of encouraging someone, or something that is said or done in order to encourage them.
8．Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign i______ .
【答案】6．friction　7．Encouragement　8．intervention　
9．I don’t e______ the young ones who’ve become TV superstars and know no other world.
10．If I’ve caused any offence(冒犯) over something I have written, I will happily a______ .
【答案】9．envy　10．apologise　
二、单句语法填空　
1．It calls for our __________ (intervene)in tourist behaviour that destroys public facilities and the environment.
2．The generation gap can result in misunderstandings and cause __________ (frict) between parents and children.
【答案】1．intervention　2．friction　
3．Your diligence is worthy of __________ (encourage), but effort does not equal accomplishment.
4．Despite our __________ (disagreement), we have been able to find some common ground.
5．He _________ (envy)her — she seemed to have everything she could possibly want.
【答案】3．encouragement　4．disagreements　5．envied　
三、完成句子　
1．His personal beliefs are _________ the company’s policies.
他的个人信仰与公司的政策存在冲突。
2．And then there’s a big fountain. We used to ____________ at the fountain.
那时，那里还有一个大喷泉。我们以前常在喷泉边闲逛。
【答案】1．in conflict with　2．hang out　
3．When you break the rules，you should ____________ your teacher.
当你违反规则时，你应该向你的老师道歉。
4．Much of the crime in this area ___________ drug abuse.
这一地区的许多犯罪都与吸毒有关。
【答案】3．apologise to　4．is related to　
5．I was delayed — something unexpected ______________ at home.
我耽搁了——家里有意外发生。
【答案】5．came up　(共93张PPT)
UNIT 10　CONNECTIONS
Period Two　Lesson 1
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．猜词意
A．发表，发布；释放　
B．印象，感想　
C．理论，学说　
D．一连串，一系列；链条；链子　
E．随机的，随意的　
1．He called for the immediate release of all political prisoners. (　　)
2．The survey used a random sample of two thousand people across the Midwest. (　　)
【答案】1—2　AE　
3．Scientists have a fairly negative attitude to the theory. (　　)
4．They gave me the impression that they were doing exactly what they wanted in life. (　　)
5．A chain of stores, hotels, or other businesses is a number of them owned by the same person or company. (　　)
【答案】3—5　CBD　
Ⅱ．猜单词拼写　
1．impress v. 留下深刻印象；使……印象深刻→ __________ n. 印象，感想　
(参考：discuss→discussion)　
2．net＋work→ __________ n. 网络，网状系统；人际关系网，联络网　
(参考：work＋shop→workshop)　
【答案】1．impression　2．network　
3．society n. 社会；社群→ __________ n. 社会学家　
(参考：biology→biologist)　
4．biannual adj. 一年两次的；半年一次的→ __________ adj. 两月一次的；一月两次的　
【答案】3．sociologist　4．bimonthly　
Ⅲ．完成句子　
1．There are beautiful mountains __________ ten minutes’ drive away.
开车不超过10分钟，就能看见秀美的山脉。
【答案】1．no more than　
2．The railway line was electrified __________ 1974.
早在1974年铁路就电气化了。
3．Can my printer __________ your computer
我的打印机能连接在你的计算机上吗
【答案】2．as long ago as　3．be connected to　
4．The film shown last night __________ a short story by Thomas Mann.
昨晚放映的那部电影是基于托马斯·曼的短篇小说。
5．How can we __________ words __________ objects
我们如何能够把单词和物体联系起来
【答案】4．was based on　5．link; to　
Ⅳ．预备语法(过去时的被动态)　
认真阅读下面句子，对黑体部分的各种过去时态的被动结构进行总结　
Tom was punished by his teacher yesterday because of his absence from school.
The bridge had been completed before she came back to the hometown.
The football game was being played when you called me the other day.
The meeting was put off because of the heavy rain.
The speech was being held when Tom rushed into the lecture hall.
1．一般过去时被动语态：________________；
2．过去完成时被动语态：________________；
3．过去进行时被动语态：________________。
【答案】1．was/were＋done　2．had been＋done　
3．was/were＋being done　
课文语篇研读
一、阅读理解　
(　　)1．Research shows that the average person only has regular communication with between ________ people.
A．six and fourteen　 B．seven and fifteen　
C．eight and sixteen　 D．no more than twelve　
【答案】B
(　　)2．“Six Degrees of Separation” was first talked about as long as __________ .
A．in the 1920s　 B．in the 1940s　
C．in the 1960s　 D．in the 18th century　
【答案】A
(　　)3．Who chose a random sample of people in the middle of America and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts
A．Frigyes Karinthy. B．Kevin Bacon.
C．The writer. D．Stanley Milgram.
【答案】D
(　　)4．According to the text, what is the common feature of the Oscar-winning film Babel and the television series Lost
A．They are famous all over the world.
B．Both of them are broadcast in English.
C．They are both related to the concept of “Six Degrees of Separation”.
D．They are finished in the mid-1990s.
【答案】C
(　　)5．What is the main idea of the text
A．The development of “Six Degrees of Separation”.
B．Regular communication between people.
C．Any person on Earth can be connected to any other person.
D．The contribution of Frigyes Karinthy to “Six Degrees of Separation”.
【答案】A　
二、判断正误　
(　　)1．Frigyes Karinthy is an Australian writer.
(　　)2．In fact, we are closer to the rest of the world than we think.
(　　)3．In the 1950s, two scientists made an attempt to prove the theory mathematically.
【答案】1—3 FTT　
(　　)4．The phrase “Six Degrees of Separation” were used as the title of many films and TV programmes.
(　　)5．The experiment by Columbia University involved 24，163 email chains with 18 target people in 13 different countries.
【答案】4—5 FT　
三、匹配段落大意
(　　)Para. 1　 (　　)Para. 2　 (　　)Para. 3　 (　　)Para. 4　 (　　)Para. 5　 (　　)Para. 6 A．Several experts tried using different methods to test the theory.
B．The theory and the phrase was wildly used in the films and TV programmes.
C．The result confirmed that the average number of links in the chain was six.
D．What is “Six Degrees of Separation”
E．A recent experiment of the theory was held in 2011.
F．The concept was first talked about.
【答案】Para. 1：D　Para. 2：F　Para. 3：A　
Para. 4：B　Para. 5：C　Para. 6：E　
四、课文语法填空　
In the 1950s, an attempt was made by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically; but after twenty years, they still had not had any success. In 1967, 1.______ American sociologist called Stanley Milgram tried using a new method to test the theory, 2.______ he called the “small-world problem”.
【答案】1．an　2．which　
He chose a random sample of people in the middle of America and 3.______ (ask) them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts. The people 4.______ (send) the packages only knew the name, job and general location of the stranger. Milgram told them to send the package to a person they knew personally who they thought might know the target 5.______ (strange).
【答案】3．asked　4．sending　5．stranger　
Once the parcel 6.________ (receive) by this person, he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of 7.______ (they)until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person. 8.______ (amazing), it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered, and once released, the results were published in the 9.______ (monthly)magazine Psychology Today. It was this research 10._____ inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”.
【答案】6．had been received　7．theirs　8．Amazingly　9．bimonthly　10．that　
课堂新知讲练
1．theory n. 学说，理论　
(P8)“Six Degrees of Separation” refers to the theory that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people.
【翻译】“六度分隔”理论指的是世界上任何一个人都可以和另外一个人建立联系，中间的联结人不超过五个。
◇词汇拓讲
theory　还可以表示“原理；推测”。
in theroy 理论上　
theoretical adj. 理论(上)的；假设的；推理的　
theoretical knowledge 理论知识　
theoretically adv. 理论地；理论上　
theoretically speaking 理论上说；就理论而言　
theoretician n. 理论家；精通于理论的人　
【语言提升】
There was undeniably a strong theoretical dimension to his thinking.
不可否认，他的想法很有理论深度。
It is theoretically possible for him to overrule their decision, but highly unlikely.
按理说他可以否定他们的决定，但是可能性很小。
【针对练习】　
单句语法填空　
(1)This is certainly a ________ (theory) risk but in practice there is seldom a problem.
(2)The problem is, the ________ (theoretician) do not know a thing about software development.
【答案】(1)theoretical　(2)theoreticians　
完成句子　
(3) ____________ all this is possible.
理论上这一切都是可行的。
(4)There is a time-lag between _____________ and practical applications.
理论研究和实际应用之间存在时间差。
【答案】(3)In theory　(4)theoretical research　
2．impression n. 印象，感想　
(P8)The Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy published a book called Everything Is Different in 1929, in which he introduced the idea of friendship networks and his ideas influenced many of our early impressions of social networks.
【翻译】匈牙利作家弗里吉斯·考林蒂于1929年出版了《一切都不相同》一书。在这本书中，他介绍了友谊网络的观点，并且他的观点影响了我们早期关于社交网络的印象。
impression　在作名词时，还可以表示“感觉；效果，影响；压痕，印记；曝光”等。
make an impression 让人眼前一亮；给人留下印象　
make an impression on sb 给某人留下印象　
impress vt. 盖印；强征；传送；给予某人深刻印象 vi. 给人印象　
impressionable adj. 敏感的；易受影响的　
【语言提升】
impressionist n. 印象派画家；印象派作曲家；用滑稽方式模仿名流的艺人　
adj. 印象派的；印象主义的　
impressive adj. 感人的；令人钦佩的；给人以深刻印象的　
impressively adv. 令人难忘地；感人地　
impressiveness n. 令人难忘；印象性；感人　
impressionism n. 印象派；印象主义　
My impression is that they are totally out of control.
我的感觉是他们完全失去了控制。
What impressed him most was their speed.
最令他钦佩的是他们的速度。
The law is intended to protect young and impressionable viewers.
该法律旨在保护年轻且易受影响的观众。
Here we already begin to see impressionist influence on his work.
这里我们已经开始看到印象派对他作品的影响。
He gave an impressive speech to a receptive audience.
他向观众发表了一场令人印象深刻的演讲。
On the surface, the factory is impressively clean.
该工厂表面看起来干净得令人难忘。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)My first __________ (impress)of him was favourable.
(2)You say something __________ (impress) forgiving and dignified.
【答案】(1)impression　(2)impressively　
(3) __________(impress) have changed the way that people thought about art.
(4)The most __________(impress) thing about him is his calm acceptance of whatever comes his way.
(5)His self-confidence and humourous conversations _______ (impress) us deeply.
【答案】(3)Impressionists　(4)impressive　(5)impressed　
完成句子
(6)She tried to ___________________ the interviewer.
她努力给面试官留个好印象。
(7)I _____________ the way he could formulate his ideas.
他陈述观点的方式让我印象深刻。
【答案】(6)make a good impression on　
(7)was impressed by　
3．random adj. 随机的，随意的　
(P9)He chose a random sample of people in the middle of America and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts.
【翻译】在美国中部，他选择了一些人做随机的样本，并且要他们给在马萨诸塞州的一个陌生人寄送包裹。
randomly adv. 随便地；任意地；无目的地，胡乱地；未加计划地　
randomness n. 随意；无安排；不可测性；随机性　
randomise v. 使随机化；做任意排列　
at random 胡乱地；随便地　
random sampling 随机抽样　
【语言提升】
The information is processed in a random order.
信息是按随机顺序处理的。
The strength of a password depends on its length, complexity and randomness.
密码的强度取决于它的长度、复杂度和随机性。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The winning numbers are ________ (random) selected by computer.
(2)It has to generate the illusion of ________ (random) while actually being carefully determined.
【答案】(1)randomly　(2)randomness　
完成句子
(3)We received several answers, and we picked one _______.
我们收到了好几个答案，就随机地挑选了一个。
(4)The company surveyed a _______ of 237 office workers.
该公司随机抽样调查了237名办公室员工。
【答案】(3)at random　(4)random sampling　
4．parcel n. 包裹；邮包　
(P9)Once the parcel had been received by this person, he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person.
【翻译】一旦此人收到包裹，他或她就会将包裹再发给认识的人，直到该包裹被送到目标收件人手中。
parcel　v. 把……包起来；用涂油帆布条缠包(绳索)；分配　
parcel out 分配；把……分成几份　
parcel of land地块；宗地　
【语言提升】
He bought a parcel of land to build his dream house.
他购买了一块土地来建造他的梦想之家。
Pay attention to how you parcel out your time.
关注你是如何分配利用时间的。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)Accompanying the letter is _______________ books.
信外随带书籍一包。
【答案】(1)a parcel of　
(2)If you’re unhappy with my methods, maybe you should ________________ the job to someone else.
你如果不满意我做事的方法，你可以把这些工作分配出去。
(3)It is much quicker and handier than sending them by ________________ .
这种寄送方式比包裹邮递寄送它们更快、更方便。
【答案】(2)parcel out　(3)parcel post　
5．bimonthly adj. 两月一次的；一月两次的　
(P9)Amazingly, it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered, and once released, the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today.
【翻译】令人惊奇的是，只需要五至七个人递送这些包裹。这些结论公布以后，被发表在双月刊《今日心理学》上。
bimonthly n. 半月刊；双月刊　
前缀bi-通常表示“双的；两个的；双方的”。含有前缀bi-的词还有：　
biweekly adj. 两周一次的　
biannual adj. 一年两次的　
biennial adj. 两年一次的　
bilingual adj. (能说)两种语言的　
【语言提升】
Under the new plan, customers would pay $45 bimonthly, instead of $18 a month — a substantial increase.
根据新方案，顾客将每两个月支付45美元，而不是每个月18美元——一个相当大的增长。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)He is ________ (lingual) in an Asian language and English.
(2)But there are thousands of weekly, monthly, ________ (monthly), or quarterly journals on topics ranging from gardening to pop music.
(3)Our board meets monthly, quarterly, or ______________ (biannual), depending on the needs of the company.
【答案】(1)bilingual　(2)bimonthly　(3)biannually　
完成句子
(4)This journal is __________ , and that one is quarterly.
这本杂志是双月刊，那本是季刊。
(5)A longitudinal investigation _______________ for one year adopting respiratory health questionnaires.
采用呼吸系统健康问卷进行纵向调查，每两个月一次，为期一年。
【答案】(4)bimonthly　(5)was carried out bimonthly　
1．(P9)Then, more films and TV programmes based on the concept were made and broadcast.
【翻译】后来，基于这个理论拍摄并上映了更多的电影和电视节目。
【句式剖析】
“based on the concept”是动词的-ed形式短语作后置定语。
◇句式解读
一般来说，定语放在所修饰名词的前面。单个的形容词、名词、动词的-ing形式以及动词的-ed形式作定语时，都是放在所修饰词的前面，称为前置定语。
定语在句子中是放在被修饰词的后面，我们称之为后置定语。
【句式提升】
下面全面简单地总结一下后置定语：　
(1)单词后置　
①形容词　
英语中部分以a-开头的形容词作定语时要后置，如：alive, asleep, alone，awake等。
②表示时间、地点、方位的副词　
副词一般作状语，但表示时间、地点、方位的副词有时作定语。
(2)短语后置　
形容词短语、介词短语、动词不定式短语、动词的-ing形式短语或动词的-ed形式短语作定语时，需后置。
(3)修饰不定代词后置　
不管是单词还是短语，作定语修饰不定代词时，需后置。
(4)定语从句　
I’m the proudest father alive.
我是这世上最骄傲的父亲。
On the way back, we were caught up in the rain.
在回来的路上，我们被雨淋了。
The boys wearing blue uniforms are students from No. 12 Middle School.
穿蓝色校服的男孩是第十二中学的学生。
The lake house used in The Godfather：Part Ⅱ is now up for sale for $5.5 million.
《教父Ⅱ》中的湖边别墅现在以550万美元的价格出售。
My grandfather had a big family to support.
我祖父有一大家人要养活。
When you feel tension building, find something fun to do.
当你感到紧张时，找点有趣的事做吧。
I despise anyone who is cruel to animals.
我鄙视任何对动物残忍的人。
He is the artist who makes portraits on glass with just a hammer.
他是那个只用锤子就能在玻璃上画肖像的艺术家。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)Sorry, this is the only room ________ .
抱歉，这是唯一可用的房间了。
(2)The weather ________ is damp and hot in May.
在五月，这里的天气又湿又热。
【答案】(1)available　(2)here　
(3)People ______________ love basketball.
全世界的人都喜欢篮球。
(4)The weather _______________ is as cool as in spring.
昆明夏天的天气和春天一样凉爽。
(5)It seems he always has too much work ____________.
他似乎总有忙不完的工作。
【答案】(3)around the world　(4)in Kunming in summer　(5)to do　
(6)There is _____________ with this window.
这扇窗出问题了。
(7)Mary dances better than ____________ in the class.
玛丽跳舞跳得比班上其他任何人都好。
(8)You are a friend upon ________.
你是我可以信赖的朋友。
【答案】(6)something wrong　(7)anyone else　(8)whom I can rely　
2．(P9)Soon the game was being played in universities across the United States.
【翻译】很快，美国各地的大学都在玩这个游戏。
【句式剖析】
“was being played”是过去进行时的被动语态，由“was/were＋being＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
(1)过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某个时刻正在进行或者发生的被动性的动作。
肯定结构为：was/were＋being＋过去分词；
否定结构为：was/were not＋being＋过去分词。
(2)过去进行时的被动语态的一般疑问句需将was/were提到主语的前面(回答用Yes或No)。
【句式提升】
(3)过去进行时的被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词＋was/were＋(主语)＋being＋done
Was a new library being put up in their school just then
他们学校当时正在建一座新图书馆吗
【针对练习】
用过去进行时的被动语态填空　
(1)A story ________________ (tell) by Peter’s mother to Peter at that time.
(2)Tom ________________ (praise) by his teacher then.
【答案】(1)was being told　(2)was being praised　
完成句子
(3)He said that the man ___________ on.
他说那个人正在被动手术。
(4)The feast ___________ when it began to snow outside.
宴会正在准备之中，这时外面下起了雪。
【答案】(3)was being operated　(4)was being prepared　
(5)He said many activities ______________ for the celebration of the company’s 60th anniversary.
他说为纪念公司成立60周年，许多活动都在筹划中。
【答案】(5)were being planned　
突 破 语 法
【例句观察】
1．Some pens were bought for his children by him.
2．The hurt player was being carried by them.
3．Ten bridges had been built by them.
□观察领悟
【我的领悟】
以上三个例句均为______(现在/过去/将来)时态的被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态结构为：_________，如句1；过去进行时的被动语态结构为：_________，如句2；过去完成时的被动语态结构为：_________，如句3。以上三个句子中的动词bought, carried和built均为 ________ (及物动词/不及物动词)。
Keys：过去；was/were＋done(过去分词)；was/were＋being＋done(过去分词)；had＋been＋done(过去分词)；及物动词　
在英语语法中，通常有现在、过去、将来和完成等四个方面的时态。这四大类的时态，都有被动形式。
1．被动语态的构成　
被动语态的基本结构是“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”。被动语态的谓语动词有各种时态的变化，以动词take为例，被动语态常见时态的动词形式如下：　
□表示过去的被动语态
一般现在时：am/is/are taken　
现在进行时：am/is/are being taken　
现在完成时：have/has been taken　
一般将来时：will/shall be taken　
一般过去时：was/were taken　
过去进行时：was/were being taken　
过去完成时：had been taken　
过去将来时：would/should be taken　
Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we’re ready to start.
A new cinema is being built here.
I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
He said she had been hospitalised with pneumonia last week but she had recovered.
A meeting was being held when I was there.
Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
The news would be sent to the soldier’s mother as soon as it arrived.
2．与过去时态有关的被动语态　
与过去有关的时态主要为：一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。本单元主要是学习一般过去时、过去进行时和过去完成时这三个不同时态的被动语态。
(1)一般过去时的被动语态　
一般过去时的被动语态结构为：was/were＋及物动词的过去分词。
The house was built ten years ago.这座房子是10年前建的。
(2)过去进行时的被动语态　
过去进行时的被动语态结构为：was/were＋being＋及物动词的过去分词。
They told me that the case was being investigated.
他们告诉我案子正在调查。
(3)过去完成时的被动语态　
过去完成时的被动语态结构为：had been＋及物动词的过去分词。通常，过去完成时的被动语态有具体的时间状语，如by the end of last month, by the end of last year等。
He said the work had been finished.他说工作已完成了。
By the end of last month, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.
到上个月底，另一座新的体育馆在北京建成了。
【特别提醒】
只有及物动词和及物动词短语才有被动语态。不及物动词、不及物动词短语或系动词都没有被动语态，如happen, go on, take place, belong to, sound, feel等。
This room belongs to me.
这房子属于我。
不可以说：This room is belonged to me.
This music sounds sweet.
这音乐听起来很悦耳。
不可以说：This music is sounded sweet.
请用适当的时态和语态补全下面的句子　
1．A dog _________ (knock) down by a car yesterday.
2．Mary’s bike _________ (steal) just now.
3．Two boys _________ (find) cheating in yesterday’s exam.
【答案】1．was knocked　2．was stolen　3．were found　
□追踪练习
4．Fortunately, no one _________ (hurt) in the fire.
5．The dinner _________ (prepare) well when I arrived home.
6．All work _________ (finish) before the boss came back.
7．I found many trees _________ (destroy) by the storm.
【答案】4．was hurt　5．had been prepared　6．had been finished　7．had been destroyed　
8．After school, we went to the reading room. But it _______ (decorate).
9．Some delicious food _________ (cook) by my mom when I came back home.
10．The door _________ (close) by him 2 hours ago.
【答案】8．was being decorated　9．was being cooked　
10．was (being) closed　
随堂知能小练
一、单词拼写　
1．Burning fossil fuels ________ (释放)carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
2．A ________ (一连串) of things is a group of them existing or arranged in a line.
3．Los Angeles-based Univision is a Spanish-language broadcast television ________ (网).
【答案】1．releases　2．chain　3．network　
4．What happens when the order of the index column is ________ (随机的)
5．A p________ is a short group of words that people often use as a way of saying something. The meaning of it is often not obvious from the meaning of the individual words in it.
【答案】4．random　5．phrase　
二、单句语法填空
1．He __________ (release) from custody(拘留) the next day.
2．The book __________ (carry) to another room then.
3．His newly written novel __________ (translate) into English by the end of last month.
【答案】1．was released　2．was being carried　
3．had been translated　
4．They __________ (random) selected about half of the patients to undergo supportive group therapy once a week.
5．Psychological and __________ (sociologist) studies were emphasising the importance of the family.
【答案】4．randomly　5．sociological　
三、完成句子
1．It is better to read a few books carefully than to read many ________.
随便地读许多书不如细细地读几本书。
2．Several forums exist both to offer such services and ______________ jobs.
有一些论坛既提供这样的服务，也将工作分配给别人。
【答案】1．at random　2．parcel out　
3．Cosmetics also come in handy for job seekers looking to __________________ prospective employers.
对于那些希望给潜在雇主留下好印象的求职者来说，化妆品也派上了用场。
【答案】3．make a good impression on　
4．A grand art and cultural show will be held in our school __________________ celebrating the 75th anniversary of the founding of the PRC.
我们学校将会举行一场盛大的文艺表演以庆祝中华人民共和国成立75周年。
【答案】4．with the aim of　
5．If you are not prepared, then you will not be able to ________________ your class discussion.
要是没准备的话，那么你就不能参加课堂讨论了。
【答案】5．participate in　(共54张PPT)
UNIT 10　CONNECTIONS
Period Three　Lesson 2
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．猜词意
A．后果　
B．除此之外，此外　
C．纽带，联系　
D．经常地，频繁地　
1．A bond between people is a strong feeling of friendship, love, or shared beliefs and experiences that unites them. (　　)
2．Cars consume a lot of energy. Additionally, they are too dangerous for our community. (　　)
3．The consequences of something are the results or effects of it. (　　)
4．By this time she was in her nineties and needed help more and more frequently. (　　)
【答案】1—4　CBAD　
Ⅱ．猜单词拼写　
1．addition n. 增加物，新增人员；增加；加法→ ________ adv. 除此之外，此外　
2．frequent adj. 经常的→ __________ adv. 频繁地，经常地　
(参考：random→randomly)　
3．house＋hold→ ________ n. 一家人；同住一栋房子的人　
(参考：green＋house→greenhouse)　
【答案】1．additionally　2．frequently　3．household　
Ⅲ．预备话题素材　
1．Dr. Smith is talking about ___________ of a small town.
史密斯博士正在谈论一个小镇的社区精神。
2．What ___________ did doctors discover about Rosetans in the 1950s
20世纪50年代，医生们发现了哪些关于罗塞托人的惊人事实
【答案】1．the community spirit　2．surprising facts　
3．They didn’t live in flats but in ______ with 2 small rooms.
他们不是住在公寓里，而是住在一种有两个小房间的房子里。
4．Why did Rosetans have __________ heart attacks at that time
为什么当时罗塞托人的心脏病发作率很低
【答案】3．a sort of house　4．a low rate of　
5．People do in the same community look after each other and often _____________ __________.
在同一个社区里，人们互相照顾，经常组织社区庆祝活动。
【答案】5．organise community celebrations　
课堂新知讲练
1．additionally adv. 除此之外，此外　
(P110)Additionally, there was very little crime.
【翻译】此外，犯罪活动也很少。
◇词汇拓讲
additional adj. 附加的；额外的　
addition n. 添加；加法；增加物；扩建部分　
in addition 另外；此外　
in addition to doing sth 除做某事之外　
additive n. 添加物；添加剂　adj. 累积的　
add vi. 加；增加；加起来；做加法　
vt. 增加；添加；补充　
add up 把……加起来　
【语言提升】
The final chapter is no more than a scrappy addition.
最后一章不过是一些散乱的补充内容。
Strict safety tests are carried out on food additives.
对食品添加剂进行了严格的安全检测。
Since 1908, chlorine has been added to drinking water.
自从1908年起，氯就被添加到饮用水当中了。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)This system imposes _________ (addition)financial burdens on many people.
(2) __________ (additional), I will show you how you can start applying it to your business.
【答案】(1)additional　(2)Additionally　
(3)The couple said they spent $20,000 on building an ________ (add) to their kitchen.
(4)Some food contains more than one __________ (add).
【答案】(3)addition　(4)additive　
完成句子
(5) ____________ me some odvice, he gave me some money.
除了给我一些建议外，他还给了我一些钱。
(6)You will, _____________, pay to the bank any losses, costs, expenses or legal fees (including tax thereon).
另外，你将向银行支付所有的损失、成本、花销或律师费(包括与此相关的税款)。
【答案】(5)In addition to giving　(6)in addition　
2．frequently adv. 经常地，频繁地　
(P110)They visited each other and frequently organised community celebrations.
【翻译】他们相互拜访，经常组织社区庆祝活动。
frequent adj. 频繁的；时常发生的；惯常的　
v. 常去，常到(某处)　
frequenter n. 常客；常常来访者　
frequency n. 频率；频繁　
【语言提升】
Bordeaux is on the main Paris-Madrid line, so there are frequent trains.
波尔多位于巴黎至马德里的铁路主干线上，因此有频繁的列车。
From her childhood she has been not only a regular customer of many bookstores near her home, but also a frequenter of the nearby library and school library.
她从小不仅是她家附近很多书店的常客，也是附近图书馆和学校图书馆的常客。
The frequency of Kara’s phone calls increased rapidly.
卡拉打电话的频率迅速增加。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)She is a __________ (frequently) traveller to Belgium.
(2)Objects like this turn up at sales with surprising _________ (frequent).
(3)A shuttle bus runs __________ (frequent) between the inn and the country club.
【答案】(1)frequent　(2)frequency　(3)frequently　
完成句子
(4)There are _____ between the peoples of the two countries.
两国人民之间交往频繁。
(5)English ______ also __________, especially in secondary schools, businesses, and government administration.
英语使用也很频繁，特别是在中级学校、商业和政府管理中。
【答案】(4)frequent contacts　(5)is; frequently used　
3．consequence n. 后果　
(P110)Well, the consequences of the change followed quickly.
【翻译】嗯，变化的后果很快就接踵而至。
【语言提升】
consequent adj. 随之发生的；作为结果的；(河流、山谷)顺向的　
consequently adv. 因此；结果；所以　
consequential adj. 间接的；结果的；重要的；随之发生的　
consequentially adv. 必然地　
take the consequences (of…)　承担(……的)后果　
regardless of the consequences　不顾后果；不计后果　
as a consequence 因此；结果　
as a consequence of 由于；因为　
in consequence 因此；结果　
We have failed. Thus we have to take the consequences.
我们失败了。因此，我们不得不承担后果。
Heroes are the people who do what has to be done when it needs to be done, regardless of the consequences.
英雄是在需要做的时候不计后果地去做该做的事的人。
Fat has twice the calories per unit weight than protein or carbohydrate. As a consequence, it has the greatest survival value.
脂肪单位体重的卡路里含量是蛋白质或碳水化合物的两倍。因此，它有最能维持生存的价值。
The Mole assented heartily, and the Badger in consequence got very friendly with him.
鼹鼠真诚同意；因此，獾子与他相处非常融洽。
Grandfather had sustained a broken back while working in the mines. Consequently, he spent the rest of his life in a wheelchair.
爷爷在矿上做工时后背受了伤。因此，他在轮椅上度过了他的余生。
From a medical standpoint, a week is usually not a consequential delay.
从医学角度来看，一周通常不被视为是严重的拖延。
One point is that distance education is more advanced than traditional education. Consequentially, it will replace the traditional education.
一种观点认为远程教育比传统教育更先进，它的出现必将替代传统教育。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)She missed the train and __________(consequent) was late for work.
(2)The warming of Earth and the _________(consequence) climatic changes affect us all.
(3)The ___________(consequence) will be very grave if nothing is done.
【答案】(1)consequently　(2)consequent　(3)consequences　
完成句子
(4)He does everything _____________________.
他做一切事情都不考虑后果。
(5)Once you do it, you better be prepared to ___________.
一旦你这么做了，你最好准备好承担后果。
【答案】(4)regardless of the consequences　
(5)take the consequences　
(6) _____________ his hard work, he was eventually admitted to Nanjing University.
因为努力，他最终被南京大学录取。
【答案】(6)As a consequence of　
1．(P12)Dr. Smith is talking about how the community spirit of a small town called Roseto impacted on the residents’ health in a radio programme.
【翻译】史密斯博士正在一个广播节目中讨论一个叫罗塞托的小城镇的社区精神怎样影响社区居民的健康。
◇句式解读
【句式剖析】
“how the community spirit of a small town called Roseto impacted on the residents’ health”是从句，在句子中充当talk about的宾语。
宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。下面将对介词的宾语从句进行阐述。
介词后面接宾语从句有以下几种情况：　
(1)介词＋宾语从句　
(2)介词＋形式宾语(it)＋宾语从句　
【句式提升】
(3)介词except，but，besides，beyond，in 引导宾语从句。这五个单词必须接that, 不可省，并与that构成复合词，起连词作用。其中in that意为“在于”。其余四个都是“除了”之意。
You may depend upon it that they will support your proposal.
你可以相信他们将支持你的意见。
I know nothing about my new neighbour except that he used to work in a company.
对于我的新邻居，我除了知道他曾在一家公司上班外，其他一无所知。
He gave us several examples besides that he explained the theory.
他除了给我们解释理论之外，还给我们举了好几个例子。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)Pay attention to ________.
注意你正在做的事。
(2)It all depends on ________.
这都取决于你如何处理它。
【答案】(1)what you are doing　(2)how you handle it　
(3)The boy was interested in ________.
那个孩子对在那里看到的任何事物都感兴趣。
(4)He is a good student except __________________.
他是个好学生，只是有点粗心。
【答案】(3)whatever he saw there　
(4)that he is careless　
(5)I heard nothing beyond ________.
除了他生病之外，我并未听说其他。
(6)I prefer his plan to yours in that ______________.
与你的计划相比，我更喜欢他的计划，因为我认为它更实际。
【答案】(5)that he is ill　
(6)I think it is more practical　
2．(P110)In the 1960s, younger Rosetans would not keep up the traditional lifestyle.
【翻译】20世纪60年代，年青一代的罗塞托人不愿意保持传统的生活方式。
【句式剖析】
“In the 1960s”是介词短语，在句中作时间状语。
介词短语作状语几乎可以表达所有形式的状语，包括时间、方式、地点、原因、条件、结果、目的等。此外还可以在句首修饰整个句子，或起到连接作用。
【句式提升】
During the winter holidays I stayed at my grandma’s for over a week. (表示时间)　
寒假期间我在(外)祖母家待了一个多星期。
They all sit in the middle of the room. (表示地点、方位)　
他们都坐在房子中间。
Production has come to a halt this month, owing to the lack of workers. (表示原因)　
由于缺少工人，这个月生产已陷入停滞。
It is more economical to go there by train. (表示方式)　
坐火车去那里更经济一些。
You can only achieve success through hard work. (表示方式)　
你唯有通过努力工作才能获得成功。
The girl has been frightened to death. (表示程度)　
那个小女孩被吓坏了。
But for the sun’s light and heat, life would be impossible on Earth. (表示条件)　
要是没有太阳的光和热，地球上就不可能有生命。
As a result, our production has increased by 30% this year. (表示结果)　
结果，今年我们的产量提升了30%。
We left an hour early for fear of missing the train. (表示目的)　
由于担心错过火车，我们提早一个小时出发了。
In my opinion, we must cut our budget in half. (放于句首修饰整个句子)　
我认为我们必须让预算减半。
We need money and time. In addition, we need more trained workers. (起连接作用)　
我们需要钱和时间。此外，我们还需要更多训练有素的工人。
【针对练习】
请指出下面句子中状语的种类　
(1)We live quite near my office. ________　
(2)Who knows what will happen in the future ________　
(3)The sewing machine is worked by foot. ________　
【答案】(1)地点状语　(2)时间状语　(3)方式状语　
(4)We’re waiting for them to arrive for lunch. ________　
(5)He worked himself to death. ________　
(6)He is so useful to me that I can’t do without him. ________　
(7)With all your faults, I still like you. ________　
【答案】(4)目的状语　(5)结果状语　(6)条件状语　(7)让步状语　
(8)He lay on his bed with the sunlight falling on his face. ________　
(9)I was thinking about what was left of him in the room. ________　
(10)The meeting was postponed because of the rain. ________　
【答案】(8)伴随状语　(9)地点状语　(10)原因状语　
随堂知能小练
一、单词拼写　
1．That is the _________ (后果)of its endless evolution.
2．Buses run ___________ (频繁地) between the city and the airport.
3．The experience created a very special ______________ (纽带) between us.
【答案】1．consequence　2．frequently　3．bond　
4．____________ (此外), the bus service will run on Sundays, every two hours.
5．Even at 70, she gets up in the small hours to cook for her ____________ (一家人).
【答案】4．Additionally　5．household　
二、单句语法填空
1．We ________(frequent) shy away from making decisions.
2．_________ (additional), they should be allowed to teach, and be rewarded for doing it well.
3．All these opinions make sense, and ________ (consequent) it is hard to choose the best of them.
【答案】1．frequently　2．Additionally　3．consequently　
三、完成句子
1．________________ headaches，you may develop stomach ulcers as well.
除了头痛，你还可能患上胃溃疡。
【答案】1．In addition to　
2．These plants just automatically __________ light in certain ways.
这些植物会自动地以某种方式对光线做出反应。
3．Many species have died out ________________ of man’s activities.
由于人类的活动，许多物种已经灭绝了。
【答案】2．respond to　3．as a consequence/result　
4．It appears to be very unnatural that he should speak ________________.
他竟然代表她讲话，这显然是很反常的。
5．She was over the age limit and, _________, her application was rejected.
她超过了限定年龄，因此，她的申请被拒绝了。
【答案】4．on her behalf　5．in consequence　(共82张PPT)
UNIT 10　CONNECTIONS
Period Four　Lesson 3
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．猜词意
A．跳水，潜水；扑向，急冲进　
B．侦查，调查，查明　
C．展现，显露；揭示，揭露　
D．收养，领养；采取某种方法、政策、态度　
E．继续进行，继续做　
1．The report was a device used to hide rather than reveal problems. (　　)
2．We should investigate what happened and what went wrong. (　　)
3．If you proceed to do something, you do it, often after doing something else first. (　　)
【答案】1—3　CBE　
4．If you adopt a new attitude, plan, or way of behaving, you begin to have it. (　　)
5．If you dive into some water, you jump in head first with your arms held straight above your head. (　　)
【答案】4—5　DA　
Ⅱ．猜单词拼写　
1．__________ v. 收养；领养；采取某种方法、政策、态度→adoption n. 采用；接收　
(参考：invent→invention)　
2．__________ v. 侦查；查明；调查→investigation n. 调查，审查；科学研究　
【答案】1．adopt　2．investigate　
3．freeze v. 呆住；突然停止；(使)冻结，(使)结冰→ __________ adj. 极冷的；冰点以下的，冰冻的　
(参考：astonish→astonishing)　
4．amaze v. 使吃惊；使惊喜→ __________ n. 吃惊，惊奇　
(参考：arrange→arrangement)　
【答案】3．freezing　4．amazement　
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．Lucy Maud Montgomery ________________ for her Anne series, especially for her first book Anne of Green Gables.
露西·莫德·蒙哥马利的《安妮》系列作品享誉世界，尤其是她的第一本书《绿色山墙的安妮》。
【答案】1．enjoys a worldwide reputation　
2．At first she ____________. When she knew she was not wanted, she sank into despair.
起初她保持沉默。当她知道不需要她时，她陷入了绝望。
3．She immediately ________________ when she saw Betty in the front yard.
当她看到贝蒂在前院的时候，她立刻冲到门口。
【答案】2．remained/stayed silent　3．rushed to the door　
4．She ______________, crying：“You don’t want me any more”.
她突然哭了起来，哭着说：“你不要我了。”　
5．She couldn’t eat because she had no appetite; she was ____________.
她不能吃东西，因为她没有胃口；她绝望了。
【答案】4．burst into tears　5．in despair　
课堂新知讲练
1．adopt vi. & vt. 收养，领养；采取某种方法、政策、态度等　
(P14)They apply to adopt a boy from an orphanage as they need help on their farm.
【翻译】他们申请领养一个孤儿院的男孩，因为他们的农场需要帮手。
◇词汇拓讲
adopted adj. 收养的；领养的；移居的；所选择居住的　
adoptive adj. 采用的；有收养关系的　
adoptable adj. 可采用的；可收养的　
adoption n. 采用；收养；接受　
adopter n. 养父母　
adoptee n. 被收养者　
adopt sb as… 选举某人为……　
adopt one’s suggestion/advice 采纳某人的建议　
【语言提升】
Jimmy is adopted and thus unrelated to Beth by blood.
吉米是收养的，因此和贝丝无血缘关系。
The passage puts forward the adoptable steps to perfect the interest rates’ effects now.
本文提出了当前可采用的政策措施，以完善利率效应。
In 1783, he secured the adoption of the decimal coinage in Congress.
在1783年，他促使国会采纳了十进位币制。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1) ______________ (adopt) can fail for all kinds of reasons.
(2)Both children seem very loyal to their ______________ (adopt) mother.
【答案】(1)Adoption　(2)adoptive　
完成句子
(3)After much deliberation, the manager decided to ________ ____________.
经理再三考虑之后，决定采纳她的建议。
(4)We _____________ our candidate in the next election.
我们已选定他为下届选举的候选人。
【答案】(3)adopted her suggestion/advice　
(4)have adopted him as　
2．freeze vi. & vt. 呆住；突然停止；(使)结冰，(使)冻结　
(P14)But when her eyes fell on the odd little figure in the stiff, ugly dress, with the long red hair and the eager, bright eyes, she froze in amazement.
【翻译】但当她的目光落在那个衣服不合身又难看、长着红色长发、眼睛热切明亮的古怪的小人身上时，她惊呆了。
freeze作名词时，也可表示“冻结；凝固；停止；冰冻期；严寒期；霜冻”等。
frozen adj. 冷冻的；结冰的；冻僵的　
freezing adj. 冰冻的；极冷的 n. 冰点　
freezer n. 冰箱；冷冻库；制冷工　
【语言提升】
The trees were damaged by a freeze in December.
那些树被12月的一次霜冻冻坏了。
If the temperature drops below 0 ℃ water freezes.
如果温度降到零摄氏度以下，水就会结冰。
When everybody else is boiling hot, I’m freezing!　
当其他每一个人都热得不行时，我却冻得发抖！　
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The cinema was ____________ (freeze).
(2)I always keep a pizza in the _______ (freeze) as a standby.
(3)It was bitterly cold now and the ground was ________ (freeze) hard.
【答案】(1)freezing　(2)freezer　(3)frozen　
3．proceed vi. 继续进行，继续做　
(P14)Sitting down on a chair by the table, throwing her arms on it, and burying her face in them, she proceeded to cry stormily.
【翻译】她坐在桌子边的一张椅子上，手臂放在椅子上，脸埋在臂弯里，继续大哭不已。
proceeding n. 进行；程序；诉讼　
procession n. 队伍，行列；一列；一排　
proceed to do sth 继续做某事　
proceed with 继续进行　
proceed from 从……出发　
proceed against 提起诉讼　
【语言提升】
The proceedings of the inquiry will take place in private.
调查程序将秘密进行。
The marchers proceeded slowly along the street.
游行者沿着街道缓缓行进。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)She sat down and proceeded __________ (tell) me about her skiing holiday.
(2)Musicians played at the front and rear of the ____(proceed).
(3)It’s very important to wait until the workspace is built before __________ (proceed).
【答案】(1)to tell　(2)procession　(3)proceeding　
4．reveal vt. 揭示，揭露；展现，显露　
(P14)The child raised her head, revealing a tear-stained face.
【翻译】这个孩子抬起头，露出她那泪痕未干的脸庞。
【语言提升】
revealer n. 启示者；探测器；揭露者　
revealing adj. 透露内情的；发人深省的；暴露的　
revealingly adv. 启发人地；坦率地　
Officers could not reveal how he died.
警察们不能透露他是怎么死的。
Museum is a recorder, revealer and educator of the history and culture of a nation.
博物馆是一个国家、一个民族历史和文化的记录者，展示者，教育者。
The answers the children gave were extremely revealing.
孩子们所给的答案极其发人深省。
Two concepts of man confront each other, movingly, revealingly, and not without a subtle ambiguity.
两种人的观念互相碰撞，既令人感动又有揭露性，同时不乏一种巧妙的含糊其词。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)He laughed, ________ (reveal) a line of white teeth.
(2)He spoke __________ (revealing) about his problems.
【答案】(1)revealing　(2)revealingly　
(3)He is the creator and definer and ________ (reveal) of love and mercy.
(4)Hamilton ________ (reveal) his grand design for the economic future of the United States just now.
【答案】(3)revealer　(4)revealed　
5．dare n. & vi. 胆敢，敢于　
(P15)I daren’t trust you to put it out yourself.
【翻译】我可不放心让你自己吹灭蜡烛。
【语言提升】
daring adj. 大胆的； 勇敢的　
daringly adv. 大胆地； 毅然地　
Don’t be afraid of being laughed at by other people if you want to practice to speak in English, and communicate with them daringly, and you will make progress on it just like this.
如果你想练习说英语就不要怕别人笑话，大胆地与他们交流，只有这样你才会有进步！　
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)His _______ (dare) rescue saved the lives of the youngsters.
(2)He sprayed all sorts of colours ________ (daring), and they looked really fantastic on paper.
【答案】(1)daring　(2)daringly　
dive也可用作名词，意为“潜水，下潜；跳水；俯冲；冲，扑；突降，暴跌；假摔”。
diving n. 跳水，潜水　
6．dive vi. 扑向，急冲进；跳水，潜水　
(P15)Then she dived down into the bedclothes again.
【翻译】然后，她又钻进床单里。
【语言提升】
diver n. 潜水者；跳水的选手　
go diving 去潜水　
dive off 从……跳水　
dive into 投入；钻研；把手伸入　
take a dive 突然下降，急剧下降　
make a dive for… 向……猛冲；冲过去拿……；冲向……
　
Stock prices took a dive.
股票价格暴跌。
He made a sudden dive for Uncle Jim’s legs to try to trip him up.
他猛地扑向吉姆大叔的双腿，试图绊倒他。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)It started to rain so we ________ (dive) into the nearest cafe.
(2)Japan is a great place for skiing and ________ (dive)!　
(3)We squatted beside the pool and watched the ________ (dive) sink slowly down.
【答案】(1)dove/dived　(2)diving　(3)diver　
完成句子
(4)The goalkeeper _________________ for the ball.
守门员向球扑去。
(5)The main purpose of his holiday to Greece was to ________________.
他到希腊度假的主要目的就是去潜水。
【答案】(4)made a dive　(5)go diving　
1．(P14)Sitting down on a chair by the table, throwing her arms on it, and burying her face in them, she proceeded to cry stormily.
【翻译】她坐在桌子边的一张椅子上，手臂放在椅子上，脸埋在臂弯里，继续大哭不已。
◇句式解读
【句式剖析】
“Sitting down on a chair by the table, throwing her arms on it, and burying her face in them”是由and连接的三个动词的-ing形式短语，在句子中充当方式状语，表示伴随动作。
(1)分词短语一般用来表示方式或伴随情况。它用以说明动作发生的背景或情况。一般情况下，动词的-ing形式所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生，它的逻辑主语就是主句中的主语，谓语动词作为主要动作，而动词的-ing表示一个较次要动作，相当于一个由and引导的并列结构。动词的-ed形式可以说明谓语动作的背景，且动词的-ed形式与其逻辑主语之间有动宾关系。
【句式提升】
(2)分词短语在句子中还可以用作其他状语，如时间、原因、条件、让步、结果等状语。
Hearing their teacher’s voice(＝On hearing their teacher’s voice＝When they heard their teacher’s voice), the pupils stopped talking at once. (时间状语)　
一听到老师的声音，学生们立即停止讲话。
Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help. (原因状语)　
＝Because he didn’t know how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help.
因为不知道如何解这道物理难题，他向老师求助。
Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the park. (条件状语)　
＝If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the park.
如果转向左边，你将找到通向公园的小道。
Weighing almost one hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone. (让步状语)　
＝Although the stone weighed almost one hundred jin, it was moved by him alone.
虽然那块石头重将近一百斤，他一个人就把它挪开了。
Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. (结果状语)　
＝Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus it caused the delay.
他们的车遇上交通阻塞，因而耽误了。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1) ___________________, she remembered her childhood.
看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。
(2) ___________________, he jumped with joy.
他一听到这个好消息，就高兴地跳起来。
【答案】(1)Seeing those pictures　(2)Hearing the good news　
(3) ________________, he didn’t go to school yesterday.
由于生病，他昨天没有上学。
(4) ______________________, they made me pay for the damage.
尽管知道了这一切，他们还是要我赔偿损失。
【答案】(3)Being ill　(4)Knowing all this　
(5)He lay on the grass, ________ for a long time.
他躺在草地上，久久地盯着天空。
(6)His father died，________.
他父亲去世了，留给他许多钱。
(7) ___________________, I found nobody in it.
走进教室，我发现里面没人。
【答案】(5)staring at the sky　(6)leaving him a lot of money　
(7)Entering the classroom　
2．(P15)“You’re not eating anything，” said Marilla sharply, eying her as if it were a serious problem.
【翻译】“你什么也没有吃，”玛利拉厉声说道，眼睛盯着她，好像是一个很严重的问题。
【句式剖析】
“as if”在本句中引导方式状语从句，意为“好像”。
(1)as if 在look, seem等系动词后引导表语从句；也可引导方式状语从句。
(2)as if还可用于省略句中，如果as if 引导的从句是“主语＋系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样as if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。
【句式提升】
(3)as if从句的语气及时态　
①as if 从句用陈述语气的情况：当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。
②as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况：　
▲如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。
▲如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。
▲如果从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/ could/might＋动词原形”。
He acts as if (he was) a fool.
他做事像个傻瓜。
Tom raised his hands as if (he was going) to say something.
汤姆举起手好像要说什么。
He talks as if he is drunk.
从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。
He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.
他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)She loves the kid as if she ________ (be) his mother.
(2)I felt as if the rain __________ (stop).
(3)He opened his mouth as if he ________ (say) something.
【答案】(1)were　(2)had stopped　(3)would say　
翻译句子　
(4)他看上去好像要微笑。
__________________________________________　
(5)在那时，我觉得好像我的心都不跳了。
__________________________________________　
【答案】(4)He looked as if he was going to smile.
(5)I felt as if my heart had stopped at that time.
3．(P15)“Good night，” she said, a little awkwardly, but not unkindly.
【翻译】“晚安，”她说道，带着一点点尴尬，但是并非不友好。
【句式剖析】
“a little awkwardly”和“but not unkindly”是两个副词短语，在句中修饰“she said”。这种副词短语在英语中通常叫作句子副词。
(1)句子副词通常位于句首(或分句句首)，修饰句子(而不是修饰某个单词)，反映说话人的观点和看法。
(2)有的句子副词用作其他种类的副词时，位置和语义也会发生变化。
【句式提升】
Obviously, he can’t tell the difference between them. (句子副词)　
显然他无法区别两者的不同。
Clearly, he didn’t say so. (句子副词)　
显然他没有这样说。
He didn’t say so clearly. (方式副词)　
他说得没有那么清楚。
Frankly, you are wrong. (句子副词)　
老实说，你错了。
He spoke frankly about his past life. (方式副词)　
他坦率地谈了他过去的生活。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1) ______________, there is a problem here.
显然这里有问题。
(2) ______________, everybody’s well-rested because it could be a long day.
希望大家都休息好了，因为这一天会很漫长。
【答案】(1)Clearly/Obviously　(2)Hopefully　
(3) ______________, we would like to start our project next month.
理想而言，我们希望下个月就启动我们的项目。
(4) ______________, they are quite stupid.
坦率地讲，他们很愚蠢。
【答案】(3)Ideally　(4)Frankly　
(5)I arrived late but _________ the meeting had been delayed.
我迟到了，但幸运的是会议被推迟了。
(6) ______________, speech act theory has great inspiration for language research.
毫无疑问，言语行为理论对语言研究具有巨大的启发意义。
【答案】(5)luckily　(6)Undoubtedly　
随堂知能小练
一、单词拼写　
1．She suffered severe bruising, but no __________ (骨头) were broken.
2．She wiped her eyes, and a slight smile began to crease(弄皱) her __________ (有泪痕的) cheeks.
【答案】1．bones　2．tear-stained　
3．D________ is the feeling that everything is wrong and that nothing will improve.
4．He ________ in to save the dog at considerable risk to his own life.
5．To get you started, we have asked five successful writers to __________ (揭示) some of the tricks of the trade.
【答案】3．Despair　4．dived/dove　5．reveal　
二、单句语法填空
1．The word is now English by ________ (adopt).
2．She pulled a ready-made ________ (freeze) meal from the freezer.
3．The show is a keeper — ________ (dare), imaginative and provocative.
【答案】1．adoption　2．frozen　3．daring　
4．I don’t think that __________ (reveal) your past to your boyfriend scared him off.
5．He outlined his plans and then __________ (proceed) to explain them in more detail.
6．There will be a full __________ (investigate) to work out what caused the accident.
【答案】4．revealing　5．proceeded　6．investigation　
三、完成句子
1．She ________________ the cause of a generation of American youth.
她承担起了一代美国年轻人的事业。
2．These creatures live ________ the ocean.
这些生物生活在海洋深处。
【答案】1．had taken up　2．in the depth of　
3．When the shots sounded, we ______________ the nearest doorway.
枪声响时，我们冲向最靠近的一个门廊里。
4．You’ll have to ________________ your studies if you want to pass the entrance examinations.
要想通过入学考试，你必须埋头读书。
【答案】3．made a dive for　4．bury yourself in　
语 言 时 空
一、由于国家间地域的不同，所说话的口音之间也是存在差别的。
1．美式发音与英式发音之间的最大区别就是美式发音中除了“Mrs”之外，会将每个单词中的r音体现出来，其中位于词尾的r需强调是卷舌音。而英式读法中，一般都不会将r读出来。
□美式英语和英式英语的区别
2．关于非重音字母e的发音。在美式英语中读作/e/，而在英式英语中读作/ /。例如：except，美式英语为/ek'sept/，而英式英语为/ k'sept/。
3．清辅音/t/处于两个元音中间，前一个是重读元音，后一个是轻读元音时，美式英语会将清辅音浊化，所以writer 和rider (骑手)发音几乎相同。
4．在许多重音节的读法上，美式英语习惯省略重音节前面的轻音部分，例如：herbal，在美式中，省略h音，读作/' rb( )l/。
5．美式英语与英式英语的说话语气方面也有很大的区别：美式英语的调域变化较小，听起来柔顺舒服一点；英式英语比较抑扬顿挫，调域之间变化较大，更有气势。
二、在拼写方面，美式英语与英式英语也有很多不同。
以下是一些常见的规则：　
1．在美式英语中，通常会省略英式英语中的our组合中的u。例如：　
favourite →favorite；colour→color；neighbour→neighbor　
2．美式英语常用z代替英式英语中的s。例如：　
capitalisation→capitalization；apologise→apologise；recognise →recognize　
3．英式英语在单词中一般双写最后的辅音字母，而美式英语不会。例如：　
traveller→traveler；labelled → labeled　
4．在某些单词名词中，英式英语的c在动词形式时要变成s，而美式英语则不会，一律都用c。例如：　
practice→practise；licence→license　
5．结尾re与er的区别，前者为英式结尾，后者为美式结尾。例如：　
centre(英)→center(美)；metre(英)→meter(美)　
6．一些英式英语中的单词以gue结尾，但美式英语中以g结尾。例如：　
dialogue(英)→dialog(美)；catalogue(英)→catalog(美)　
总的来说，英式英语受法语和拉丁语的影响大，美式英语受德语的影响较大，所以两者才会在英语的一些用法上有很大的出入。
三、美式英语和英式英语的单词表达有所不同。以下面一些单词作为示例(左侧为美式英语，右侧为英式英语)：　
公寓apartment/flat　
大学college/university　
假期；休假vacation/holiday　
炸薯条(french) fries/chips　
电影movie/film　
邮箱mailbox/postbox　
药店drugstore/chemist’s　
足球soccer/football　
饼干cookie/biscuit　
排队line/queue　
出租车cab/taxi　
花园yard/garden　
秋天autumn/fall　
地铁subway/underground　
电梯 elevator/lift　
请借助工具书，分别写出下列汉语的美式英语和英式英语：　
1．千克：__________________ (美式)　
____________________ (英式)　
2．实现(v. )：__________________ (美式)　
____________________ (英式)　
【答案】1．kilogram; kilogramme　2．realize; realise　
□追踪练习
3．组织(v. )：__________________ (美式)　
____________________ (英式)　
4．纤维：__________________ (美式)　
____________________ (英式)　
5．节目：__________________ (美式)　
____________________ (英式)　
【答案】3．organize; organise　4．fiber; fibre　5．program; programme　
6．荣誉：__________________ (美式)　
____________________ (英式)　
7．劳动：__________________ (美式)　
____________________ (英式)　
8．全球化：__________________ (美式)　
____________________ (英式)　
【答案】6．honor; honour　7．labor; labour　
8．globalization; globalisation　
9．小汽车：__________________ (美式)　
____________________ (英式)　
10．钞票：__________________ (美式)　
____________________ (英式)　
【答案】9．auto; car　10．bill; note　(共57张PPT)
UNIT 10　CONNECTIONS
Period Five　Writing Workshop
课前自主预习
预备写作素材　
1．This is open to women ___________, so bring along your friends and colleagues.
这对各个年龄段的妇女开放，所以带你的朋友和同事一起来。
【答案】1．of all ages　
2．I’m sure we will find ____________ choices available in school cafeterias.
我相信我们将会发现学校的自助餐厅里有多种多样的选择。
3．The company now has _____________ workers who feel badly let down.
公司里现在有很多员工感到很失望。
【答案】2．a wide variety of　3．a large number of　
4．It would like to ________________ the Secretariat, to see whether the matter could be clarified, because it was becoming increasingly important.
它希望呼吁秘书处考虑能否澄清这一问题，因为它正在变得越来越重要。
5．___________ kids were playing with a ball in the street.
一群孩子在街上玩一个球。
【答案】4．appeal to　5．A group of　
课堂新知讲练
1．of all ages 古往今来的(事情)；老老少少的(人)　
(P18)There were people of all ages.
【翻译】有各个年龄段的人。
【语言提升】
◇词汇拓讲
people of all ages 各个年龄段的人　
of all 在所有……中(偏偏，就连，居然)　
Exit polls showed that he was backed by supporters of all ages.
选举后民调显示，他受到了所有年龄段支持者的拥护。
The shop is well stocked with goods of all kinds.
商店里各色货物，一应俱全。
The court absolved him of all responsibility for the accident.
法院宣告他对该事故不负任何责任。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)The film script is an amalgam ______________.
这个电影剧本由三本书合成。
(2)The roads are crowded with vehicles _____________.
马路上挤满了各种车辆。
【答案】(1)of all three books　(2)of all kinds　
(3)That little boy was set to become one of the greatest players ________________.
那个小男孩有可能成为有史以来最伟大的运动员之一。
(4)We’re looking for people _______________ who have performed outstanding acts of bravery, kindness, or courage.
我们正在寻找各个年龄段的、曾有过无畏、善良或英勇之举的杰出人士。
【答案】(3)of all time　(4)of all ages　
2．appeal　vi. 有吸引力　
vi. & vt. 呼吁，恳请；上诉　
(P18)The acts appealing to children were particularly popular.
【翻译】吸引儿童的表演特别受欢迎。
appeal to (尤指向公众)呼吁；求助；恳求；对……有吸引力　
appealing adj. 吸引人的；引起兴趣的；恳求的　
appeal n. 呼吁；申诉；恳求；吸引力　
【语言提升】
The movie will appeal to adults as well as children.
这部电影将吸引成年人以及儿童。
They took their appeal to the Supreme Court.
他们上诉到了最高法院。
He made one last appeal to his father to forgive him.
他最后一次恳求父亲宽恕他。
She gave him a soft appealing look that would have melted solid ice.
她向他投去一种会融化坚冰的温柔恳求的表情。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The police have made an appeal ________ the public to stay away from the area over the weekend.
(2)The city offers an __________ (appeal) combination of sporting and cultural events.
【答案】(1)to　(2)appealing　
完成句子
(3)With the plan carried out in our city，we _____________ people to reduce pollution.
随着这一计划在我市的实施，我们能够更好地呼吁人们减少污染。
【答案】(3)can better appeal to　
(P18)The weather was good, although it rained heavily in the morning.
【翻译】天气很好，尽管早上下了大雨。
【句式剖析】
“although”是连词，引导让步状语从句。
◇句式解读
although与though的区别：　
(1)用作连词，表示“虽然”，两者大致同义，可转换使用，只是 although 比 though 更为正式。
(2)although 一般不用作副词，而 though 可用作副词，表示“可是”“不过”。
(3)在 as though，even though等固定短语中，不能用 although代替though。
【句式提升】
(4)两者均可用于省略句，通常见于主句与从句主语相同，且从句的谓语含有动词be的情形。
(5)当though用于倒装句时，它不能换成although，但可换成as。
(6)一般情况下，although与though不能与but连用。但在某些特定的语境中，although 与 but 连用的句子是可能的(but 引出的句子在 although 从句之前)。
I expect you’re right — I’ll ask him, though.
我认为你说得对——不过我会去问问他的。
Although/Though (she was) in pain, she bravely blinked back her tears.
她虽然很疼，但还是勇敢地忍住了眼泪。
Successful though/as he is, he is not proud.
他虽然成功了，但不骄傲。
Surrounded though/as we were by the enemy, we managed to march forward.
虽然我们被敌人包围着，但我们还是设法前进了。
Raining hard though/as it is, I’m going out for a walk.
虽然正在下着大雨，我还是要出去散步。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1) __________________, it is very delicate.
珊瑚虽然看上去坚固，实际上非常易碎。
(2) __________________, I couldn’t live with you.
虽然我很喜欢你， 但我不能和你在一起生活。
【答案】(1)Although the coral looks hard　
(2)Much though/as I like you　
(3) ____________________，he is going very grey.
尽管他还年轻，他的头发却已变得灰白。
(4)He looks ________________ he hasn’t had a square meal for weeks.
他看起来好像几个星期没吃过一顿饱饭了。
【答案】(3)Although/Though (he is) still young　
(4)as though　
(5)They’ll claim to hear that word ____________ it was never said.
他们会声称自己听到了那个词，即使这个词从未被提过。
【答案】(5)even though　
随堂知能小练
一、单词拼写　
1．My dear mother, why do you always ________ (皱眉)
2．A sudden gust of cold wind made me ______ (哆嗦).
3．His fridge was ________ (空的) apart from three very withered tomatoes.
4．Thus, when deciding whether to ________ (上诉), a party must consider how much money he or she wishes to spend.
【答案】1．frown　2．shiver　3．bare　4．appeal　
二、单句语法填空
1．Keep your office space looking good, ____________ (particular) your desk.
2．A concert ____________ (hold) at the invitation of the mayor.
【答案】1．particularly　2．was held　
3．People attending the conference were __________ (main) from the United Kingdom.
4．There was a sense of humour to what he did that I found very ____________ (appeal).
【答案】 3．mainly　4．appealing　
三、完成句子
1．The exhibition _________ the audience across the country.
展览会将吸引全国各地的观众。
2．The pavilion is a fun and relaxing place for people ___________.
对所有年龄段的人来说，这个展馆都是一个娱乐和放松的好去处。
【答案】1．will appeal to　2．of all ages　
3．She practices live-streaming every day and records _____ ________ educational videos.
她每天练习直播，并录制了大量的教育视频。
4．The island offers such ______________ scenery and wildlife.
这座岛屿有如此多种多样的景色和野生动植物。
【答案】3．a large number of　4．a wide variety of　
写作高效提升
accredited journalist　n. 特派记者　
advertisement　n. 广告　
advance　n. 预发消息；预写消息　
anecdote　n. 趣闻轶事　
assignment　n. 采写任务　
attribution　n. 消息出处；消息来源　
◎话题词语
back alley news　n. 小道消息　
backgrounding　n. 新闻背景　
beat　n. 采写范围　
blank　vt. (报纸)“开天窗”　
body　n. 新闻正文　
boil　vt. 压缩(篇幅)　
contributing editor　特约编辑　
contribution　n. (投给报刊的)稿件；投稿　
contributor　n. 投稿人　
copy desk　n. 新闻编辑部　
copy editor　n. 文字编辑　
correction　n. 更正(启事)　
correspondence column读者来信专栏　
cover　vt. 采访；采写　
covert coverage　隐性采访；秘密采访　
crop　vt. 剪辑(图片)　
cut　n. 插图　vt. 删减(字数)　
cutline　n. 插图说明　
daily　n. 日报　
deadline　n. 截稿时间　
【引人入胜的开头句】
Welcome to Our Views of the World. I’m …　
欢迎来到《我们看世界》。我是……　
I’m …Here are today’s news titles.
我是……这是今天的新闻标题。
◎话题佳句
【精彩纷呈的篇中句】
Danish Minister for European Affairs said on Tuesday that …　
丹麦欧洲事务大臣在星期二说……　
The leader said in a recent interview that …　
这位领导人在最近的一次采访中说……　
【回味无穷的结尾句】
Currently, Asia’s richest man is…， with a fortune worth $ …， according to Forbes.
《福布斯》称，目前亚洲首富是……，其资产达……美元。
“It is convenient and it gives me a sense of security because strangers can no longer get in and out of the building，” Zhao said, adding that she prefers to input her student number as she finds it “awkward” to speak to a machine.
赵同学说道，“这很方便，而且给了我一种安全感，因为陌生人再也无法进出宿舍楼了。”她还表示，自己更喜欢输入学号，因为她觉得对机器说话有些尴尬。
【写作任务】
上周五早晨，两个村庄发生了地震。地震持续了一分多钟，造成14套房子被破坏，1人死亡，9人受伤，200多名村民无家可归……　
请根据上述材料，展开合理的想象，用英语写一篇新闻稿，对此做出相关报道。
◎写作范例
要求：80词左右，语句通顺，表达连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________　
【写作指导】
1．明确体裁为新闻报道；
2．因为地震已经发生了，文章的时态应该为一般过去时；
3．此篇新闻报道的结构框架为：　
第一段：地震发生造成的后果；
第二段：想象并描述当时的情景及人们当时的反应；
第三段：灾后，官兵帮助村民们重建家园。
【学以致用】
重点词语　
1．袭击 ________________　
2．破坏 ________________　
3．无家可归的 ________________　
Keys：1．hit　2．destroy　3．homeless
4．失踪的 ________________　
5．吓坏的 ________________　
6．摇晃 ________________　
Keys：4．missing　5．terrified　6．shaking　
重点短语　
1．清晨 ________________　
2．持续 ________________　
3．很大的噪音 ________________　
Keys：1．early in the morning　2．last for　3．a loud noise　
4．倒下 ________________　
5．爬出来 ________________　
6．冲出去 ________________　
Keys：4．fall down　5．climb out　6．rush out　
完成句子
1．两百多名村民无家可归。
Over two hundred villagers ________.
2．一个农民说，地震发生在清晨。
A farmer said the earthquake happened ______________.
Keys：1．became homeless　2．early in the morning　
3．地震持续了一分多钟。
The earthquake _______________ over one minute.
4．当他们爬出来以后，他发现他的一个孩子不见了。
When they climbed out, he found that ____________.
5．他发现失踪的那个孩子安全，但是惊恐未定。
He found the missing child， ________.
Keys：3．lasted for　4．one of his children was missing　5．safe but terrified　
6．他们的房子开始摇晃。
Their house ________________.
7．一位妇女说她的丈夫刚好出去上班了。
A woman said that her husband _______________.
Keys：6．started shaking　7．had just left for wor
句式改写　
8．将第2句和第3句合并为一个句子。
__________________________________________　
Keys：8．A farmer said the earthquake happened early in the morning and lasted for over one minute.
9．用定语从句改写第5句。
__________________________________________　
10．将第6句和第7句合并为一个句子。
__________________________________________　
Keys：9．He found the missing child who was safe but terrified.
10．A woman said that her husband had just left for work when their house started shaking.
【参考范文】
Last Friday, an earthquake hit two villages and destroyed fourteen houses. One person was killed. Nine were badly injured. Over two hundred villagers became homeless.
A farmer said the earthquake happened early in the morning and lasted for over one minute. He was in the kitchen with his family when they heard a loud noise. A few minutes later，some parts of their house were falling down.
When they climbed out，he found that one of his children was missing. He went back inside and found the missing child who was safe but terrified. A woman said that her husband had just left for work when their house started shaking. She rushed out with her children，but they had no time to take anything. A few minutes later, the house fell down.
After the earthquake, many soldiers went to the villages to help the local people to rebuild their houses.
假定你是学校英文报记者李华，上周六你校举办了学生拔河比赛，请你为校英文报写一篇题为“An Exciting Tug-of-War”的报道。内容包括：　
1．时间和地点；
2．活动经过；
3．活动反响。
◎写作练笔
注意：　
1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
An Exciting Tug-of-War　
_____________________________________________________________________________　
One possible version：　
An Exciting Tug-of-War　
An exciting tug-of-war was held last Saturday on the school playground to enrich students’ school life.
Ten boys and ten girls selected by each class aligned beside the rope and grasped it tightly, waiting for the start whistle. When the game began, the participants tried their best to pull the rope, while those standing by cheering desperately for them. Eventually, every student of the class winning the tug-of-war was awarded a delicate notebook.
The tug-of-war was thought highly of by students. It not only built up their bodies, but also greatly strengthened their senses of team spirit.(共63张PPT)
UNIT 10　CONNECTIONS
Period Six　Viewing Workshop
—Check Your Progress
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．猜词意
A．债务；欠款　
B．打断(某人的)讲话；打扰；中断(某人的)行动　
C．法律的；法律允许的；合法的　
D．悲痛；悲伤；不幸　
E．公文；文件　
1．A debt is a sum of money that you owe someone. (　　)
2．Words cannot express my sorrow. (　　)
3．The world “legal” is used to describe things that relate to the law. (　　)
【答案】1—3　ADB　
4．A document is one or more official pieces of paper with writing on them. (　　)
5．If you interrupt someone who is speaking, you say or do something that causes them to stop. (　　)
【答案】4—5　ADCEB　
Ⅱ．猜单词拼写　
1．__________ n. 悲痛；悲伤；不幸→sorrowful adj. 悲伤的；伤心的　
(参考：care→careful)　
2．forgive v. 原谅，宽恕；免除，取消→ ________ n. 宽恕；原谅　
(参考：careless→carelessness)　
【答案】1．sorrow　2．forgiveness　
3．____________ v. 打断；中断；打扰→interruption n. 中断；打断　
(参考：impress→impression)　
4．legal adj. 合法的；法律的；法律允许的→ __________ adv. 按照法律，法律上；合法地　
(参考：fortunate→fortunately)　
【答案】3．interrupt　4．legally　
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．The statistic figures in the report are not accurate. You should not __________ them.
这篇报告中的统计数据不精确。你不应该参照它们。
【答案】1．refer to　
2．It could be and I believe it will be ______________ of your life.
这可能是，而且我坚信它会是你生活中的转折点。
3．________________ safety is more important than money.
的确，安全比金钱更重要。
【答案】2．the turning point　3．It’s true that　
4．You are supposed to ____________ according to the law.
你应该依法作出判断。
5．He left _______________ at the scene.
他在现场留下了一滴血。
【答案】4．make your judgement　5．one drop of blood　
课堂新知讲练
1．sorrow　n. 悲伤，悲痛；不幸　
(P21)They supported each other when help was needed and shared the joy and sorrow of everyday life, no doubt sharing recipes, borrowing mops, and burning fragrant incense together.
【翻译】当需要帮助的时候，他们相互支持，分享日常生活的喜怒哀乐，毫无疑问，他们分享食谱，借拖把，一起点芬芳的熏香。
◇词汇拓讲
sorrow　在表示“伤心事；不幸的事”时，是可数名词，其复数形式为sorrows。
sorrow vi. 懊悔；遗憾；感到悲伤　
vt. 为……悲痛　
【语言提升】
sorrowful adj. 悲伤的，伤心的　
sorrowfully adv. 悲哀地；悔恨地　
sorrowfulness n. 悲哀　
in sorrow 悲伤地；悲痛地　
drown one’s sorrows 借酒浇愁　
It was a time of great sorrow.
这是一个非常悲伤的时刻。
It smelt so sweet that all cares and sorrows were forgotten by him, who inhaled its fragrance.
它闻起来是那么的甜美，他闻着它的香味，忘掉了所有的烦恼和悲伤。
I sorrow to hear that he was a capable man, and brave.
我听了很难过，他是一个能干而勇敢的人。
Roy told his sorrowful tale with simple words anybody could understand.
罗伊用任何人都能理解的简单语言讲述了他的悲伤故事。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Today we come ________ (sorrowful) to mourn our teacher.
(2)She was very __________ (sorrow) when her company caught fire.
(3)He could not bear to see anyone ______ (sorrow) or even to hear of it.
【答案】(1)sorrowfully　(2)sorrowful　(3)sorrowing　
完成句子
(4)Can I see another’s woe, and not be ____________ too
我能看到别人哀愁，而不感到悲伤吗
(5)He had to ______________ in whisky because he was very bitter about the miscarriage of justice.
他只好借酒浇愁，因为他对审判不公感到十分愤懑。
【答案】(4)in sorrow　(5)drown his sorrows　
2．forgiveness　n. 原谅，宽恕　
(P22)To hell with forgiveness! I want justice.
【翻译】让宽恕见鬼去吧！ 我要的是正义。
forgive　vt. 原谅；免除(债务、义务等)　vi. 表示原谅　
forgive sb for doing sth 原谅某人做了某事　
forgive for Good 学会宽恕；学会饶恕　
forgive and forget 既往不咎；不念旧恶　
【语言提升】
It was an incredible display of motherly love and forgiveness.
那是慈母般关爱与宽容的一次令人难以置信的体现。
He could forgive Petal anything if the children were safe.
只要孩子们安然无恙，他什么都可以原谅佩特尔。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)He begged ____________ (forgive) for what he had done.
(2)Irene ____________ (forgive) Terry for stealing her money.
(3)I have already ____________ (forgive) her for lying to me though I was really angry at first.
【答案】(1)forgiveness　(2)forgave　(3)forgiven　
完成句子
(4)I cannot ____________ my mother before she died.
母亲临终前我未去看她，为这件事我永远不能原谅自己。
(5)You should learn to __________ in order to have an easier life.
为了让生活更加轻松，你要学会既往不咎。
【答案】(4)forgive myself for not seeing　(5)forgive and forget　
3．interrupt　vi. & vt. 打断(某人的)讲话，中断(某人的)行动，打扰　
(P22)holding up her hand to interrupt　
【翻译】她挥手示意中断　
【语言提升】
interruption n. 中断；干扰；插嘴　
interrupt sb/sth (with sth) (用某事)打断某人/某事　
without interruption 连续地；不间断地　
We interrupt our programmes for a newsflash.
我们中断自己的节目给即时新闻简报让路。
Taller plants interrupt the views from the house.
高大的树木遮住了房子外的视线。
The frequent interruptions of deep sleep leads to excessive daytime fatigue and sleepiness.
这样频繁打断深度睡眠会导致白天过度疲劳和困倦。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Forgive my ____________ (interrupt) but I really don’t agree with that.
(2)I could not say all I wished because of the _____ (interrupt).
(3)The birth of her son was a minor ____________ (interrupt) to her career.
【答案】(1)interrupting　(2)interruptions　(3)interruption　
完成句子
(4)He tried to ________________ a movement of the hand.
他试图用一个手势打断她。
(5)She has kept up physical training for several years _______ _____.
她坚持锻炼，多年来从未间断。
【答案】(4)interrupt her with　(5)without interruption　
4．legal　adj. 法律的；法律允许的，合法的　
(P23)showing him a legal document　
【翻译】给他出示了一份法律文书　
legally adv. 合法地；法律上　
legality n. 合法；合法性；法律方面　
legalise vt. 使合法化；使得到法律认可　
legalisation n. 合法化；法律认可　
legalism n. 守法主义；法律主义　
(the) tax legalism 税收法律主义　
【语言提升】
He vowed to take legal action.
他发誓要诉诸法律。
What I did was perfectly legal.
我做的事情完全合法。
The liquor was sold legally and trucked out of the state.
这种酒合法出售，由卡车运出该州。
The auditor has questioned the legality of the contracts.
审计员已经质疑合同的合法性。
Divorce was legalised in 1981 in that country.
离婚于1981年在该国被合法化了。
The problem is how to shed the harms of prohibition while minimising the harms of legalisation.
问题是怎样既能消除禁令的弊端，又能尽量减少合法化的危害。
Throughout, Hawthorne explores the issues of grace, legalism, and guilt.
自始至终，霍桑探索了关于尊严、守法主义和罪恶的问题。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)I felt that it was irresponsible to advocate the ________ (legal) of drugs.
(2)Parking lot owners should be ________ (legal)responsible for protecting vehicles.
【答案】(1)legalisation　(2)legally　
完成句子
(3)Many Americans think their ________ has gone haywire(不受控制的).
许多美国人认为他们的法律制度已经乱套了。
(4)Prisoners have ____________, but in practice these rights are not always respected.
囚犯虽有合法的权利，但实际上这些权利常未受到尊重。
【答案】(3)legal system　(4)legal rights　
1．(P21)By connecting people’s homes, the hutongs in fact connected people’s lives, whether the lives of the rich or the lives of the ordinary citizens.
【翻译】实际上，通过连接人们的房屋，胡同连接着人们的生活，不管是富人的，还是普通老百姓的。
◇句式解读
【句式剖析】
“whether … or …”连接两个并列的成分，在此补充说明前面的“people’s lives”，充当状语。
(1)“whether… or…”意为“是……还是……”“不管……还是……”。
(2)whether常用作连词，在表示“是否；是不是”时，可引导名词从句或动词不定式；在表示“不管；无论”时，从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。
【句式提升】
You can go there whether by bus or by taxi.
你既可以坐公交，又可以坐出租车去那里。
Whether to go out or stay in the dorm depends on the weather.
出去还是待在寝室取决于天气。
Whether you like or dislike the job, you have to finish it.
不管你喜欢还是不喜欢这份工作，你都必须完成它。
【易混辨析】
whether和 if 在引导宾语从句，表示“是否”时常常可以互换。
I don’t know whether/if he will be able to come.
我不知道他是否能来。
但在下列情况下常常用whether而不用if：　
(1)宾语从句中提出两种选择时。
He doesn’t know whether he should go with me or stay at home.
他不知道是该和我去还是留在家里。
Tell me whether he is at home or not.
告诉我他是否在家。
(2)宾语从句前置时。
Whether she will come, I’m not sure.
我不确定她是否来。
(3)引导介词后的宾语从句时。
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
我担心是否伤了她的感情。
It all depends on whether they will support us.
这完全取决于他们是否支持我们。
(4)为避免产生歧义，常用whether表示“是否”。
Please let me know whether you need my help.
请告诉我你是否需要我的帮助。(表示此意时，此处不宜用if)　
Please let me know if you need my help.
此句有两种含义：①请告诉我你是否需要我的帮助。②如果需要我的帮助，请告诉我。
(5)引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时。
Whether he will come is uncertain.他是否来还没有确定。
The question is whether it is worth doing.
问题在于做这事是否值得。
The problem is whether he has the ability to do the job.
问题是他是否有干这工作的能力。
The question whether there is life on that planet remains open.
究竟在那个行星上是否有生命，这个问题尚无定论。
(6)后接不定式短语时。
He doesn’t know whether to go or not.
他不知道是去还是不去。
She hasn’t decided whether to accept or refuse it.
她还没有决定是接受还是拒绝。
(7)引导让步状语从句时。
Whether he agrees or not, I shall do that.
不管他同意与否，我都要那么做。
I show everything on my face, whether I am angry or pleased.
无论生气还是高兴，我都会表现在脸上。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)I am not sure ________ this was courage ________ pigheadedness.
我不确定这是勇气还是顽固。
【答案】(1)whether; or　
(2)He could not tell _________________________.
他分不清这地板是木头的还是石头的。
(3)I don’t know _________________________.
我不知道是该讨厌他还是该同情他。
【答案】(2)whether the floor was wood or stone　
(3)whether to hate or pity him　
(4)We don’t know _________________________.
我们不知道他是死是活。
(5)The weekly rent is the same irrespective of ________ there are three ________ four occupants.
无论三个还是四个人住，每周租金不变。
【答案】(4)whether he’s alive or dead　
(5)whether; or　
2．(P21)Because of the hutongs, courtyards were joined together for miles around creating a network of people working, playing and living together — a real community.
【翻译】因为这些胡同，几里之外的庭院都被连接起来了，在周围形成了一个人们一起工作、玩乐和生活的网络——一个真正意义上的社区。
【句式剖析】
“because of”意为“因为；由于”，引导原因状语。
(1)because of是复合介词，其后接名词、代词、动词的-ing形式或what从句。
(2)because of所引导的介词短语通常用作状语而不用作表语。
(3)若主语是代词 (不是名词)，because of 引出的短语则可用作表语。
【句式提升】
I didn’t buy it because it was too expensive.
我没有买是因为它太贵了。
He is here because of you/that.
他为你/那事而来这里。
Their pay was late because of a computer bungle.
由于计算机出错，他们的工资晚发了。
I fell in love with him because of his kind nature.
我爱上了他，因为他天性善良。
It is just because of money.
那只是钱的原因。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)Our plans fell through ____________________.
我们的计划由于缺钱而落空了。
【答案】(1)because of lack of money　
(2)I said nothing about it, ____________________.
因为他的妻子在那儿，我对此事只字未提。
(3)He knew she was crying ____________________.
他知道，她哭是因为他说的话。
【答案】(2)because of his wife’s being there　
(3)because of what he had said　
随堂知能小练
一、单词拼写　
1．I’m writing this letter to beg you for your __________ (宽恕).
2．He was so good to me that I can never repay the d______ ____ I owe him.
3．It is impolite to i__________ teachers with jokes during class.
【答案】1．forgiveness　2．debt　3．interrupt
4．When you finish typing, remember to save your ____________ (文件).
5．We provide all types of information, with an emphasis on ____________ (法律的) advice.
6．The president wants to make it easier for small businesses to get bank ____________ (贷款).
【答案】4．document　5．legal　6．loans　
7．The Qin e__________ Qin Shi Huang is said to have sought immortality on an island, but did not find it.
8．The country lowered its flag to half-mast to express s__________ for people who died in the earthquake.
9．The declaration proclaimed the full sovereignty of the __________ (共和国).
【答案】7．emperor　8．sorrow　9．republic　
二、单句语法填空
1．I managed to work for two hours without __________ (interrupt).
2．Looking at the crowds out shopping, you could be ______ ______ (forgive) for thinking that everyone has plenty of money.
3．The company has now gone into receivership with ________ (debt) of several million.
【答案】1．interruption　2．forgiven　3．debts　
4．“Sorry, I’ll borrow the lorry tomorrow，” the ________ (sorrow) man said worriedly in the corridor.
5．Some workers are ____________ (legal) employed, but the majority work unofficially with neither health insurance nor wage security.
【答案】4．sorrowful　5．legally　
三、完成句子
1．Can I buy you lunch _________________ your help
感谢你帮忙，我请你吃午饭好吗
2．My advice is that it’s best to _________________.
我的意见是最好既往不咎。
【答案】1．in return for　2．forgive and forget　
3．They said that the decision was made more _______ _______ than in anger.
他们说做出这个决定，与其说是出于气愤，不如说是出于悲伤。
4．The orange colour ________________ well against most backgrounds.
橙色在多数背景下都能突显出来。
【答案】3．in sorrow　4．shows up　
5．It’s a sure bet that many developers, given the opportunity, ______________________ a less restrictive environment.
毫无疑问，许多开发者一有机会就会向更少限制的开发环境转移。
【答案】5．would flock to　(共21张PPT)
UNIT 10　CONNECTIONS
单元词汇预通关
一、中英互译　
1．n. 抵触，冲突，矛盾 ____________　
2．vt. & n. 发表，发布；释放 ____________　
3．vi. & vt. 收养，领养；采取某种方法、政策、态度等 ____________　
【答案】1．conflict　2．release　3．adopt　
4．vi. 扑向，急冲进；跳水，潜水 __________　
5．frequently ____________　
6．hang out ____________　
【答案】4．dive　5．adv. 经常地，频繁地　6．闲逛，逗留；泡在某处　
二、选择合适的词，并用其正确形式填空　
动词　
apologise, freeze, envy, disturb, proceed　
1．She had always ________ her sister’s thick glossy hair and long willowy legs.
2．I’m sorry to ________ you so late, but my car’s broken down and I don’t have my phone with me.
【答案】1．envied　2．disturb　
3．Trains may be subject to delay — we ________ for any inconvenience caused.
4．Without a sleeping bag, you would ________ to death out there on the mountainside.
5．A week later, the detective returned with a film. They sat down together and ________ to watch it.
【答案】3．apologise　4．freeze　5．proceeded　
reveal, investigate, sigh, dare, interrupt　
6．The studies that ________ the effects of fruits and vegetables have demonstrated some protective effects.
7．She tried to explain what had happened but he kept ________ her.
【答案】6．investigated　7．interrupting　
8．Her biography ________ that she was not as rich as everyone thought.
9．He ________ in despair as he read the letter.
10．I wouldn’t ________ have a party in my flat in case the neighbours complained.
【答案】8．revealed　9．sighed　10．dare　
名词　
clinic, gallery, grocery, stadium, bakery, cafeteria, canteen
1．Your local family planning ________ can give you advice about birth control.
2．Thousands of fans packed into the ________ to watch the match.
【答案】1．clinic　2．stadium　
3．The curator guided us round the ________ , pointing out the most famous paintings in the collection.
4．The driver of a steam-driven wagon was unloading warm loaves of fresh bread from the ________ .
【答案】3．gallery　4．bakery　
suburb, intervention, friction, theory, chain
5．The company decided to relocate to the ______ because the rent was much cheaper.
6．When you rub your hands together, the ________ produces heat.
【答案】5．suburbs　6．friction　
7．She has built up a ________ of 180 bookshops across the country.
8．The government was reluctant to sanction ________ in the crisis.
9．In ________ , the journey should take three hours, but in practice it usually takes four because of roadworks.
【答案】7．chain　8．intervention　9．theory　
network, parcel, phrase, household, bond
10．The ________ was wrapped in plain brown paper.
11．Shakespeare’s plays are full of well-known ________ .
12．In societies with strong family ________ , people tend to live longer.
【答案】10．parcel　11．phrases　12．bonds　
13．Britain produces 20 million tons of ________ waste each year.
14．We could reduce our costs by developing a more efficient distribution ________ .
【答案】13．household　14．network　
consequence, bone, emperor, sorrow　
15．Don’t make a will(立遗嘱) that can have serious ________ for your children and other family members.
16．He’d dressed himself up as a Roman ________ for the fancy-dress party.
【答案】15．consequences　16．emperor　
17．He tried to get Becky to talk, but her ______ were too oppressive(难以忍受的), all her hopes were gone.
18．The child was so thin that you could see her ________.
【答案】17．sorrows　18．bones　
republic, loan, debt, document　
19．The ________ was proclaimed with great ceremony.
20．He managed to pay off his ________ in two years.
21．Many important historical ________ were destroyed when the library was bombed.
22．She’s trying to get a $50,000 ________ to start her own business.
【答案】19．republic　20．debts　21．documents　22．loan　
形容词　
random, bimonthly, stiff, tear-stained, legal, bare　
1．The magazine is published ________ , with six issues a year.
2．She took a book at ________ and sat down with it open on her lap.
【答案】1．bimonthly　2．random　
3．She beat the flames out with her ________ hands.
4．Her face was ________ , her clothes creased and her pale blonde curls dull with dust.
5．You have a ________ obligation to ensure your child receives a proper education.
【答案】3．bare　4．tear-stained　5．legal　
三、一词多义匹配练习　
appeal　A．vi. 有吸引力　B．vi. 呼吁，恳请　C．vt. 上诉　
1．I appeal to all like-minded people to support me. (　　)
2．He plans to appeal against his conviction. (　　)
3．I think what appeals to me about his painting is his use of colour. (　　)
【答案】1—3　BCA　
四、请根据教材P8的内容，选用合适的短语并以其适当形式填空　
a chain of, be closest to, refer to, the rest of, in fact, be connected to　
Research shows the average person only has regular communication with between seven and fifteen people，and that most of our communication is 1.__________ with five to ten people who 2.__________ us.
【答案】1．in fact　2．are closest to　
However，perhaps we are closer to 3.__________ the world than we think.“Six Degrees of Separation” 4.__________ the theory that any person on Earth can 5.__________ any other person through 6.__________ no more than five other people.
【答案】3．the rest of　4．refers to　5．be connected to　6．a chain of　(共43张PPT)
UNIT 10　CONNECTIONS
单元要点回顾
知识要点 重点内容
阅读词汇 1．__________ n. 诊所，(医院)门诊部　
2．__________ n. 美术馆，画廊　
3．__________ n. 食品杂货；超级市场　
4．__________ n. 体育场，运动场　
clinic　
gallery　
grocery　
stadium　
知识要点 重点内容
阅读词汇 5．__________ n. 面包烘房，糕饼店　
6．__________ n. (工厂、学校等的)自助餐厅，食堂　
7．__________ n. (工厂、学校等的)食堂，餐厅　
8．__________ n. 郊区，近郊，城郊
bakery　
cafeteria　
canteen　
suburb　
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 1．__________ n. 一连串，一系列；链子，链条　
2．__________ n. 人际关系网，联络网；网络　
3．__________ n. 成语，习语；警句　
4．__________ n. 一家人，同住一栋房子的人　
5．__________ n. 纽带，联系　
6．__________ n. 骨头；骨质物　
chain　
network　
phrase　
household　
bond　
bone　
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 7．__________ n. 皇帝
8．__________ n. 羡慕，忌妒 vt. 羡慕；妒忌
9．__________ n. 包裹；邮包
10．__________ vt. & n. 发表，发布；释放
11．__________ vi. 继续进行，继续做
12．__________ vt. 揭示，揭露；展现，显露
emperor　
envy　
parcel　
release　
proceed　
reveal　
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 13．______________ adj. 有泪痕的
14．__________ n. & vi. 胆敢，敢于
15．__________ vi. 扑向，急冲进；跳水，潜水
16．__________ n. 贷款
17．__________ n. 债务；欠债
18．__________ adj. 两月一次的；一月两次的
tear-stained　
dare　
dive　
loan　
debt　
bimonthly　
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 1．__________ n. 抵触，冲突，矛盾
→ ___________ adj. 冲突的；相矛盾的；不一致的
→ ____________ adj. 相互矛盾的；困惑的
→ _____________ n. 冲突
2．_____________ n. 干涉；干预
→ ___________ v. 干涉；调停；插入
→ _____________ adj. 介于中间的
conflict　
conflicting　
conflicted　
confliction　
intervention　
intervene　
intervening　
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 3．_____________ n. 意见不合；分歧；争论
→ __________ v. 分歧；不同意；不一致；争执
→ ____________ adj. 不愉快的；厌恶的；难相处的；脾气坏的
→ _______ v. 同意；赞成；承认；约定
disagreement　
disagree　
disagreeable　
agree　
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 4．____________ n. 羡慕，忌妒vt. 羡慕；妒忌
→ ____________ adj. 羡慕的；妒忌的
→ ____________ adv. 羡慕地；嫉妒地
→ ______________ n. 嫉妒
5．___________ n. 不和；冲突；摩擦
→ ___________ adj. [力] 摩擦的；由摩擦而生的
→ _____________ adv. 摩擦地
→ _____________ adj. 无摩擦的；光滑的
envy　
envious　
enviously　
enviousness　
friction　
frictional　
frictionally　
frictionless　
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 6．_______________ n. 鼓舞，鼓励；起激励作用的事物
→ ____________ v. 鼓舞；激励；支持
→ ____________ adj. 令人鼓舞的；激励的；奖励的
→ ______________ v. 阻止；使气馁
→ ________________ n. 挫折；劝阻；气馁
→ __________ n. 勇气；胆量
encouragement　
encourage　
encouraging　
discourage　
discouragement　
courage　
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 7．__________ v. 道歉；谢罪
→ __________ n. 道歉；谢罪；辩护
→ __________ adj. 道歉的；谢罪的
apologise　
apology　
apologetic　
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 8．__________ n. 印象；感想
→ __________ v. 使留下印象；使钦佩
→ __________ adj. 感人的；令人钦佩的；给人以深刻印象的
→ ____________ adv. 令人难忘地；感人地
→ _______________ n. 令人难忘；印象性；感人
→ _______________ adj. 敏感的；易受影响的
impression　
impress　
impressive　
impressively　
impressiveness　
impressionable　
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 9．_________ adj. 随机的，随意的
→__________ adv. 随便地；任意地；无目的地；胡乱地
→___________ n. 随意；无安排；不可测性；随机性
→__________ v. 使随机化；作任意排列或不规则分布
→____________ adj. 随机的；随机化的
→_______________ n. (数)随机化；不规则分布；随机选择
random　
randomly
randomness
randomise　
randomised　
randomisation　
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 10．__________ vt. 干扰；打扰，使中断
→ ____________ n. 干扰；骚乱；忧虑
→ __________ adj. 令人不安的；烦扰的
→ __________ adj. 扰乱的；心理不正常的
disturb　
disturbance　
disturbing　
disturbed　
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 11．__________ adv. 除此之外；此外
→ ____________ adj. 附加的；额外的
→ ____________ n. 添加；加法；增加物
→ ____________ v. 加；加起来；增加；做加法
→ ____________ adj. 累积的
12．__________ adv. 经常地；频繁地
→ ____________ adj. 经常的；频繁的
→ ____________ n. 频繁；频率
additionally　
additional　
addition
add　
additive　
frequently　
frequent　
frequency　
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 13．____________ n. 后果
→ ____________ adj. 随之发生的；作为结果的；合乎逻辑的
→ _____________ adv. 因此；结果；所以
→ _____________ adj. 间接的；结果的；重要的；随之发生的
→ ______________ adv. 必然地
consequence　
consequent　
consequently
consequential　
consequentially　
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 14．________ vi. & vt. 收养，领养；采取某种方法、政策、态度等
→ __________ n. 采用；收养；接受
→ __________ adj. 采用的；有收养关系的
15．__________ vi. & vt. 查明；调查；侦查
→ ______________ n. 调查；调查研究
→ ________________ adj. 调查研究的
→ ____________ n. 调查者；研究者；侦查员
adopt　
adoption　
adoptive　
investigate　
investigation　
Investigational
investigator　
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 16．________ vi. 有吸引力 vi. & vt. 呼吁，恳请；上诉
→ __________ adj. 吸引人的；恳求的；引起兴趣的
17．__________ n. 悲伤，悲痛；不幸
→ ___________ adj. 悲伤的；伤心的
→ _______________ adv. 悲哀地；悔恨地
→ __________ adj. (因失去或被剥夺而感到)悲伤的；伤心的
appeal　
appealing　
sorrow　
sorrowful　
sorrowfully　
sorrowing　
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 18．__________ n. 共和国
→ ____________ adj. 共和国的；共和政体的；共和主义的
→ ______________ n. 共和主义；共和政治
→ ______________ vt. 使成共和国；实行共和政体
19．___________ n. 原谅；宽恕
→ ____________ v. 原谅；免除
republic　
republican　
republicanism　
republicanise　
forgiveness　
forgive　
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 20．__________ vi. & vt. 打断(某人的)讲话，中断(某人的)行动，打扰
→ _____________ n. 打断；中断
→ _____________ adj. 中断的；阻碍的；打扰的
21．__________ adj. 法律的；法律允许的，合法的
→ ____________ adv. 法律上；合法地
interrupt　
interruption　
interruptive　
legal　
legally　
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 22．__________ n. 公文，文件
→ _____________ adj. 由文件(或文献)组成的；纪实的；书面的(证据)
→ ________________ n. 必备资料，证明文件；文件记载，文献记录；(对文本、照片等的)分类，批注
document　
documentary　
documentation　
知识要点 重点内容
重点词块 1．be related to… ________________
2．be very important to sb ________________
3．相信 ________________
4．闲逛，逗留；泡在某处 _______________
5．come up ________________
6．on social media ________________
与……有关　
对某人很重要　
believe in　
hang out　
出现　
在社交媒体上　
知识要点 重点内容
重点词块 7．in an online forum ___________________
8．有点 ___________________
9．从……学会；学习 ___________________
10．查明；发现 ___________________
11．与……相处融洽 ___________________
12．be close in … ___________________
13．打架 ___________________
在一个网络论坛　
a bit of　
learn from　
find out　
get on well with…　
在……很相近　
fight with　
知识要点 重点内容
重点词块 14．for very long _______________
15．sort out ________________
16．too much noise ________________
17．根本不 ________________
18．最后 ________________
19．代替 ________________
20．communicate with sb ________________
长时间地　
解决　
太多噪音　
not…at all　
in the end　
instead of　
和某人交流　
知识要点 重点内容
重点词块 21．regular communication___________________
22．与……最接近/靠近 ___________________
23．the rest of … ___________________
24．涉及；所指的是 ___________________
25．a chain of ___________________
26．不多于；不超过 ___________________
27．as long ago as ___________________
有规律的交流　
be closest to…　
剩下的；其余的　
refer to　
一连串的；一系列的　
no more than　
早在　
知识要点 重点内容
重点词块 28．target stranger ___________________
29．被用作 ___________________
30．email chain ___________________
31．degree of separation ___________________
32．community celebrations__________________
33．single-family houses___________________
34．生活条件 ___________________
目标中的陌生人　
be used as　
电子邮件链　
分离程度　
社区庆祝活动　
单亲家庭　
living conditions　
知识要点 重点内容
重点词块 35．a low rate of ___________________
36．community spirit ___________________
37．而不是 ___________________
38．对……友好 ___________________
39．a sort/kind of ___________________
40．on the outskirt of … ___________________
41．quite a few ___________________
低比例　
社区精神　
rather than　
be friendly to…　
一种　
在……的郊区　
不少，相当多　
知识要点 重点内容
重点词块 42．be based on … ___________________
43．be involved in … _________________________
44．protect…from … ______________________
45．keep up ___________________
46．back then ___________________
47．be close to ___________________
48．social bonds ______________________
以……为基础　
涉及……；被卷入……中　
保护……免受……　
保持；继续　
那时候；当时　
接近；靠近　
社会联系；社会纽带　
知识要点 重点内容
重点词块 49．冲向 ___________________
50．nod at ___________________
51．remain silent ___________________
52．到达 ___________________
53．step in ___________________
54．burst into tears _____________________
55．in the depths of … ________________________
rush to　
点头　
保持沉默　
arrive at　
介入；插入；干预　
突然大哭；放声大哭　
在……里面；在……深处　
知识要点 重点内容
重点词块 56．send off ___________________
57．turn down ___________________
58．put out ___________________
59．收拾 ___________________
60．躲进；钻进 ___________________
61．come along ___________________
62．downtown area ___________________
寄出；派遣；解雇　
减小；降低；拒绝　
扑灭；出版；打扰　
put away　
dive down into　
出现；一起来　
市中心　
知识要点 重点内容
重点词块 63．show…around … ___________________
64．惊讶地；吃惊地 ___________________
65．of all ages_______________________________
66．a wide range of ______________________
67．a large number of ___________________
68．be well received by ___________________
69．a brief lead ___________________
带领……参观……　
in amazement　
老老少少的(人)；古往今来的(事情)　
大范围的；许多种不同的　
大量的；很多　
受到很好的欢迎　
简短的导语　
知识要点 重点内容
重点词块 70．取笑 ___________________
71．keep control on ___________________
72．keep an eye on _____________________
73．cast a dark cloud on …__________________
74．转折点 ___________________
75．追溯到 ___________________
76．in the hope of … ___________________
make fun of　
控制　
照看；留意；密切注视　
给……蒙上乌云　
turning point　
date back　
希望……　
知识要点 重点内容
重点词块 77．in return for ___________________
78．get one’s revenge on …__________________
79．……的数量 ___________________
80．set out to ___________________
81．对……很熟悉 ___________________
82．consist of … ___________________
答谢；回报　
报仇　
the amount of…　
开始　
be familiar with…　
由……组成　
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 1．____________, they were making too much noise in their flat in the evenings and it was really disturbing us.
基本上，晚上他们在自己的寓所里发出了太多的噪音，这的确干扰了我们的生活。
Basically　
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 2．_________________________, feeling angry about the noise, we went over to their flat, told them how unhappy the noise was making us and they apologised and said they would make less noise from then on.
比起待在我们的公寓里，对这些噪音生闷气，我们去了他们的寓所，告诉他们，这些噪音使我们多么的不舒服，于是他们向我们道歉，说从那以后会减少噪音。
Instead of staying in our flat　
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 3．Then, more films and TV programmes _________ _______________ were made and broadcast.
后来，基于这个理论拍摄并上映了更多的电影和电视节目。
based on 　
the concept　
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 4．The Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy published a book called Everything Is Different in 1929, ________ ________________________ friendship networks and his ideas influenced many of our early impressions of social networks.
匈牙利作家弗里吉斯·考林蒂于1929年出版了《一切都不相同》一书。在这本书中，他介绍了友谊网络的观点，并且他的观点影响了我们早期关于社交网络的印象。
in which 　
he introduced the idea of　
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 5．Soon the game _________________ in universities across the United States.
很快，美国各地的大学都在玩这个游戏。
6．We lived in a sort of house, ______________ _________________________________.
我们住在有两个小房间，不像今天这么大的一种房子里。
was being played　
with two small 　
rooms, not like the big houses today　
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 7．“Good night，” she said, _________________ __________________.
“晚安，”她说道，带着一点点尴尬，但是并非不友好。
a little awkwardly, 　
but not unkindly　
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 8．By connecting people’s homes, the hutongs in fact connected people’s lives, _____________________ ___________________________________.
实际上，通过连接人们的房屋，胡同连接着人们的生活，不管是富人的，还是普通老百姓的。
whether the lives of the 　
rich or the lives of the ordinary citizens　
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 9．_____________________, courtyards were joined together for miles around creating a network of people working, playing and living together — a real community.
因为这些胡同，几里之外的庭院都被连接起来了，在周围形成了一个人们一起工作、玩乐和生活的网络——一个真正意义上的社区。
Because of the hutongs　
知识要点 重点内容
重点语法 表示过去时态的被动语态　
1．In later medieval times, the colour _____________ (think) to represent purity.
2．The Shanghai International Film Festival _______ _______ (found) in 1993, and it often takes place in June.
was thought　
was 　
founded　
知识要点 重点内容
重点语法 3．He knew that cholera ____________________ (control) if its cause was found.
4．John Snow discovered that these people who worked in the pub ________________ (give) free beer and so had not drunk water from the pump.
would be controlled　
had been given　(共15张PPT)
UNIT 10　CONNECTIONS
美 文 导 入
素养解读：近几年英语高考的突出特点是坚持能力立意，突出对核心素养的考查。下面这篇文章就是围绕“思维品质”这一学科素养展开的。文章介绍了与本单元话题紧密相关的“小世界理论”在社交网络中广泛运用的情况，有助于提升同学们多方面地了解人际交往的基本原理，从而拓宽自己对人际关系、人与社会的理解。
主题：人与社会　
学科素养：思维品质　
难度系数：★★★★★　
【语篇导读】本文简单介绍了“小世界理论”的原理及其在社交网络中的广泛运用。
The Small-World Phenomenon and Decentralised Search　
The small-world phenomenon — the principle that we are all linked by short chains of acquaintances, or “six degrees of separation” — is a fundamental issue in social networks. It is a basic statement about the abundance of short paths in a graph whose nodes are people, with links joining pairs who know one another. It is also a topic on which the feedback between social, mathematical, and computational issues has been particularly fluid.
The problem has its roots in experiments performed by the social psychologist Stanley Milgram in the 1960s. To trace out short paths through the social network of the United States, he asked participants to forward a letter to a “target person” living near Boston, with the restriction that each participant could advance the letter only by forwarding it to a single acquaintance. Milgram found that the median completed chain length was six. Why should a social network contain such short paths
Working much more recently, applied mathematicians Duncan Watts and Steve Strogatz proposed thinking about networks with this small-world property as a superposition: a highly clustered(成群的) sub-network consisting of the “local acquaintances” of nodes, together with a collection of random long-range shortcuts that help produce short paths.
In addition to empirical studies of social, technological, and biological networks, Watts and Strogatz considered the following simple model system: Start with a d-dimensional lattice network(晶格网络), and add a small number of long-range links out of each node, to destinations chosen uniformly at random. A network created by this superposition will have local clustering and short paths, just like many of the networks found in the real world…　
acquaintance / 'kwe nt ns/ n. 熟人；相识；了解；知道
abundance / 'b nd ns/ n. 充裕；丰富
fluid /'flu d/ adj. 流动的；不固定的；易变的；流畅的；优美的
forward /'f w d/ v. 发送；转寄；促进；运送
trace out 描绘出；探寻出；探寻踪迹
in addition to 除……之外(还)；加之
at random 胡乱地；随便地；任意地
○课标词汇
1．The small-world phenomenon — the principle that we are all linked by short chains of acquaintances, or“six degrees of separation” — is a fundamental issue in social networks.
分析：这是一个复合句。句子的主语是“The small-world phenomenon”，系动词是is，“a fundamental issue in social networks”是这个简单句的表语。
○句型精析
“the principle that we are all linked by short chains of acquaintances”是同位语从句。连词or连接“six degrees of separation”和“The small-world phenomenon”两个并列的结构。
译文：小世界现象，或者“六度分隔”——原理是我们都被简短的熟人链所连接，是社交网络中的根本问题。
2．To trace out short paths through the social network of the United States, he asked participants to forward a letter to a“target person” living near Boston, with the restriction that each participant could advance the letter only by forwarding it to a single acquaintance.
分析：“To trace out short paths through the social network of the United States”是目的状语；“with the restriction that each participant could advance the letter only by forwarding it to a single acquaintance”是方式状语，且这个状语中包含由that引导的定语从句。
译文：为了通过美国的社交网络追寻简短路径，他吩咐参与者给住在波士顿附近的一个“目标人”寄送一封信，限制性条件是每个参与者只能把这封信寄给一个熟悉的人。
单元核心素养目标
【语言技能】　
学会含有过去时态的被动语态；　
了解表示模糊概念的语言，掌握美式英语和英式英语的差别并用来传递意义；　
学写一篇新闻报道；　
准确流利表达你对第一印象的观点。
【素养提升】　
掌握人际交往的基本原理，学会结交合适的人际关系。