2022-2023学年高一下学期金中3月考试
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分。满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Planning to travel abroad in the coming year in the post-epidemic times Excellent! That means you have plenty of time to design your trip to include a few of the famous European festivals. Here are our top picks for annual European events:
Keukenhof: Amsterdam’s Tulip Flower Festival (Netherlands)
April 1-April 30, 2023
During this festival, more than 500 flower growers show off what they have! The Keukenhof garden dates back to the 15th century. If you are crazy about flowers, this is a must-go event!
Stars of the White Nights Festival: St Petersburg’s Annual Art Fair (Russia)
May 27-August 15, 2023
The Stars of the White Nights Festival in St Petersburg is one of the most popular musical and cultural events in Russia. The festival runs throughout the season of the midnight sun. You can enjoy music, opera, ballet, film and all sorts of outdoor celebrations.
Berlin Beer Festival: The Grey City’s Celebration of the Golden Drink (Germany)
September 17-October3, 2023
2,000 beers from 87 different countries—amazing! The Berlin Beer Festival celebrates beer culture and everything that goes with it. Each year, around 800,000 visitors come here! What can you look forward to The atmosphere, beer and some of the best music. There are national and international music acts throughout the festival!
Advent Markets: Austrian Christmas Festivities in Vienna (Austria)
November-December, 2023
If it’s Christmas cheer you’re after, look no further! Advent Markets are an age-old tradition dating back to the Middle Ages. Not sure what to get your loved ones We’re sure you’ll find something as there are over 20 official Christmas markets. They sell all sorts of seasonal gifts and traditional Viennese treats.
1. Which is an ideal choice for true flower lovers
A. Amsterdam. B. St Petersburg. C. Berlin. D. Vienna.
2. What’s unique about the Advent Markets
A. It can offer people a feast of flowers.
B. People can appreciate popular cultural events there.
C. It can offer people varieties of traditional local treats.
D. People can enjoy worldwide music performances there.
3. Who is the text intended for
A. Art lovers. B. Event organizers. C. Tour guides. D. Keen travelers.
B
My husband and I always wanted to go to the Caribbean but didn’t know much about the islands or how we were going to afford it. By chance, a friend of ours in Australia mentioned “pet sitting” and that it is something you can do all over the world.
We quickly created an account on a pet sitting website and began searching for options. There were only a couple of sits available in that part of the world, but we tried our luck, sent a request, and to our surprise landed a three-month job in Grenada, so our year was going to be taken up with Caribbean pet sits.
Inspired by a Canadian couple, we decided to start our own travel blog. We began by writing about the Virgin Islands, highlighting the beautiful beaches. However, for every photo album of a beautiful beach, there were 10 photos of trash. It was hard to ignore the plastic pollution issue, especially on such primitive and remote beaches. So, we began to share photos of the trash we saw and how much we could pick up on our daily dog walks.
The more we looked into plastic pollution, the more we realized the severity of the global plastic pollution. From that point, we used our platform to create awareness and highlight ways to say no to plastic and travel plastic-free. We changed our daily routines, our way of living, and even our diets to accommodate more organic foods and little to no plastic packaging.
It’s been over three years now and we continue to do what we can. This journey has led us to some amazing places, working with great brands and even organizing a country-wide beach clean-up campaign in Grenada.
Our aim now is to keep on going. We love connecting with like-minded people. It’s been amazing few years that was sparked by a conversation about pet sitting. Who would have guessed
4. Why did the author do pet sitting
A. To raise fund. B. To protect the environment.
C. To cover travel expenses. D. To shoot beautiful beaches.
5. What does the author intend to convey through her story
A. Pet sitting is a new type of occupation.
B. The Caribbean is an ideal travel destination.
C. Travel blog is a superb way to gain popularity.
D. Action should be taken to fight plastic pollution.
6. How did the author find her experience in the Caribbean
A. Challenging. B. Significant.
C. Adventurous. D. Romantic.
7. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A. Changing Lifestyles by Doing Pet Sitting
B. Unexpected Gains from Pet Sitting Travel
C. Dealing with Global Environment Pollution
D. The Availability of Pet Sitting in the Caribbean
C
As the global population grows and shifts towards urban living, the land available in our cities is being under increasing pressure.In order to be sustainable, cities need to find ways to minimize their urban expansion.One option is to build upwards; another is to dig down.
In Montreal, constructed underground to relieve overcrowding in the city streets is RESO —one of the largest underground complexes in the world.It is a network connecting everything from shops and banks to flats and hotels.This shows how going underground can meet human needs whilst also bringing certain environmental benefits.Underground transport can reduce traffic jam above ground, thereby improving air quality.Furthermore, thanks to their relatively constant climate throughout the year, underground spaces consume less energy for heating and cooling.
When planning underground construction projects, developers must consider existing structures on or near the site, such as the remains of historic buildings.Designers must also ensure any underground space intended for human use has good air quality.One example is the forthcoming LDN Hotel,an underground hotel beneath the streets of London.Designers are using a wide range of plans to help keep the air inside clean,together with a state-of-the-art ventilation system (通风系统).
Light is another key consideration.In New York, plans for the world's first underground park Demonstrate novel ways of bringing natural rays beneath the surface.By employing solar technology light is to be reflected down through a series of pipes into the terminal below.This light would be sufficient for photosynthesis (光合作用) to occur and the park's plants to grow naturally.
Today's architects are developing innovative ways to make underground spaces functional and comfortable.The question remains whether they can provide sustainable and realistic options for the future.Besides practical considerations, there exists the challenge of building a positive perception of “going underground".Yet, the obvious challenges of constructing habitable underground spaces must be weighed against the urgent issue of housing the world's ballooning population.One day, it will feel as natural to live and work underground as it does to do so over 100 storeys high.
8. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 2
A. To advertise the underground complexes.
B. To give suggestions on relieving crowdedness.
C. To explain how the underground network works.
D. To introduce the benefits of building underground.
9. How does the author develop his opinion
A. By giving examples.
B. By listing study findings.
C. By making comparisons.
D. By quoting others' words.
10. Which of the following will the author agree
A. Going underground can solve the problem of global warming.
B. Good air quality is superior to other factors.
C. Natural light is not necessary for underground plants.
D. The future of going underground calls for people's positive attitude.
11. What is the text mainly about
A. Ways to house the world population.
B. Concerns for the urban expansion.
C. Why and how to build underground.
D. The promising future of our cities.
D
With lunar exploration rocketing, it poses many challenges. Among them is a fundamental question metrologists (计量学家)worldwide are working to answer: what time is it on the Moon
The Moon doesn’t currently have an independent time. Each lunar mission uses its own timescale to coordinated universal time, or UTC—the standard against which the earth’s clocks are set. The approach works when the Moon hosts a handful of independent missions, but it will be a problem when there are multiple craft working together. Space agencies will also want to track them using satellite navigation, which relies on precise timing signals.
The most pressing need for lunar time comes from plans to create a dedicated global navigation satellite system (GNSS) for the Moon. To tackle this problem, representatives of space agencies and academic organizations worldwide met in November 2022 to start drafting recommendations on how to define lunar time.
Defining lunar time is not simple. According to the Special Theory of Relativity, clocks tick slower in stronger gravitational fields. The Moon’s gravitational pull is weaker than Earth’s, meaning a lunar clock would run faster than an Earth one.
Defining a lunar standard, with which all clocks are compared, will involve installing at least three master clocks that tick at the Moon’s natural pace, and whose output is combined by an algorithm (算法)to generate a more accurate ‘virtual’ timepiece.
What happens then depends on which option metrologists choose. They might decide to base lunar time on UTC. The alternative would be to use the synthesized (同步)output of the lunar atomic clocks as the Moon’s own independent, continuous time, and to track its relationship to UTC. That way, even if the connection with Earth is lost, clocks on the Moon will still agree with each other, allowing safe navigation and communications.
Setting lunar time is part of a much bigger picture. It will one day work for the more-distant planets that space agencies are ultimately targeting, such as Mars.
12. What’s the main idea of paragraph 2
A The working principle of UTC.
B. The achievements of space mission.
C. The urgency to develop satellite navigation.
D. The problem of current lunar timing method.
13. What is the major barrier to defining lunar time
A. Lack of professional guidance.
B. The disagreement among metrologists.
C. Different gravitational pull on the Moon.
D. The complexity of installing master clocks.
14. What’s the advantage of defining the Moon’s independent time
A. Keeping the clocks on the Moon corresponding.
B. Preventing spacecraft losing connection with the Earth.
C. Helping humans land on the more-distant planets.
D. Making it easier to synchronize with UTC all the time.
15. What’s the best title of the text
A. What Time Is It on the Moon
B. When will Man Settle on the Moon
C. Lunar exploration: A Career Bound to Revive
D. GNSS: A More Precise Lunar Tracking System
第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
It happens from time to time that after a whole morning of studying you are tired in the afternoon. It is then that you may want to eat something sweet, perhaps a sweet drink or a chocolate bar to lift your mood. ___16___
But a study suggests that sugar can make you feel worse rather than lift your mood. The German and UK researchers collected data from 31 studies involving nearly 1,300 adults. ___17___ Those emotions include anger, alertness, depression and tiredness. They found that people who have too much sugar become more tired and less alert within an hour, and that these feelings become more intense over time.
According to researchers, when people take in sugar, their blood sugar levels rise rapidly, leading to a burst of energy and a short “feel good” period. However, as they begin to digest the sugar, their blood sugar levels decrease quickly, leading to a bad feeling. ___18___ As with caffeine, this prevents the body from relaxing, leaving people being tired and less alert.
___19___ According to WHO it is healthy to have the sugars found naturally in fruit, vegetables and milk, so long as they make up less than 5 percent of our daily total energy intake.
So the next time you feel tired and can’t concentrate on study and work, perhaps you should think twice before you bite into a chocolate bar. There are still other ways to relieve tiredness. ___20___
A. Maybe a little exercise at midday is a better idea.
B. So cutting sweet food out of the diet is a good choice.
C. They studied the effect of sugar on some aspects of mood.
D. After all, it’s believed that a “sugar rush” gives you energy.
E Sugar in any form is not necessarily good for the human body.
F. But the result of the study doesn’t mean giving up sweet food altogether.
G. To remain on a “high”, people may eat more sugar until they become addicted to it.
第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
My father was the gentles and most loving dad in the world — until we had an argument. During those moments, he transformed into a ___21___ man who never considered that there could be a side other than his own. My words surely never reached his “open mind” because his ears were ___22___. When he spoke with such ___23___ that it was easy to begin to doubt my own point of view. He always had the last ___24___. I could never win.
So when he denied my senior class trip to Montreal, I could do nothing but race from his room in despair And just then a thought ___25___ my mind. If I couldn’t get him to listen to my side of our arguments, maybe I could get him to ___26___ it.
With the hope that his eyes would be more open than his ears, I began to write a note that began with “Dear Daddy” and ___27___ with how much I respected his opinion, how much I hated to fight with him and, ___28___, how much I loved him. I folded my note into an envelope, ___29___ it under the door of his bedroom and raced back to my own room where I ___30___ on my bed.
It was only minutes ___31___ I heard a knock at my door. Seeing the look on my father’s face, I knew my note ___32___ his temper and touched his heart.
The victory of winning my dad’s permission was sweet. ___33___, even sweeter was the discovery of a strategy that enabled me to have an argument with my dad that didn’t end in tears, but instead with a hug. My “Dear Daddy” notes became a ___34___ to many of our arguments. When his “I’m your father, that’s why!” left me ___35___,I knew just how to get through to him.
21.
A. cautious B. stubborn C. sensitive D. passive
22.
A. masked B. struck C. shut D. folded
23.
A. authority B. emotion C. enthusiasm D. dignity
24.
A. straw B. word C. chance D. minute
25.
A. flashed B. occurred to C. hit D. crossed
26.
A. record B. hear C. review D. read
27.
A. wound up B. made up C. sprang up D. dried up
28.
A. in all B. at all C. above all D. after all
29
A. covered B. slid C. attached D. lay
30.
A. collapsed B. suffered C. cried D. panicked
31.
A. after B. when C. since D. before
32.
A. lost B. melted C. froze D. kept
33.
A. Therefore B. Anyway C. However D. Instead
34.
A. follow-up B. make-up C. pick-up D. break-up
35.
A. worthless B. restless C. speechless D. senseless
第二节 语法填空(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Running may be the most effective exercise to increase life expectancy. According to ___36___ new study, compared to non-runners, runners tended ___37___(live) about three additional years, even if they run slowly or ___38___(occasion) and smoke, drink or are overweight.
The 59___39___(finding) come as a follow-up to a previous study ___40___ a group of distinguished exercise scientists carefully checked data from a large number of medical and fitness tests ___41___(conduct) at the Cooper Institute in Dallas. That analysis found that as little as 5 minutes of daily running was associated with prolonged lifespans.
Some people asked if other activities, such as walking, were likely to be as ___42___(benefit) as running. Long-distance runners ___43___(wonder) if they could be doing too much, and if at some undefined number of miles or hours, running might become harmful and even contributed ___44___ early death. And a few people questioned whether running really added to people's lifespans.
So for the new study, Dr. Lee and his colleagues set out to address related issues by analyzing data from the Cooper Institute ____45____ also examining results from a number of other large-scale recent studies.
第四部分 写作
第一节 应用文(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你校英国交换生Taylor发邮件说她加入了你校“中国艺术社”，该社团本学期开设了两门课程：中国书法和京剧，希望你能向她推荐其中一门课程。请你给她回一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 你推荐的课程；
2. 推荐理由；
3. 你的祝福。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On a late afternoon, Brandon finished feeding his cows on the farm and decided to go back with his two sons, Louie, 6, and Everett, 3. As they headed for the house, the two boys ran ahead of their father. Suddenly Brandon was aware he forgot to close the door of the barn (牲口棚). He told the boys to wait for him at the gate and returned to lock it. When he was at the gate minutes later, he saw only his youngest son.
“ Where’s Louie ” he shouted.
“He fell in the hole!” Everett said.
Brandon quickly realized what had happened. Noooo, he thought. Louie can barely swim! He ran to the well and heard Louie splashing, trying not to . Instinctively, he jumped in.
Somehow Brandon managed to grab on to a pipe that ran down the side of the well, which slowed his fall and kept him from crushing (挤压) his son.
Finally, Brandon hit the freezing water at the bottom of the well. He popped his head out of the water and grabbed Louie, who was panicking and trying to stay afloat in water that was too deep for either of them to stand. Knowing they could tread (踩水) for only so long, Brandon lifted his son onto his chest as he packed his own back against the narrow walls for support.
“All right, Dad, you can pull us out now,” Louie said.
If only it were that easy. There was no way he could climb out. The pipe that he’d grabbed during his fall was too slippery to be of any use. There was only one way out.
Looking up to see Everett peering down at them from the top of the well, Brandon shouted, “Everett, you’re going to have to be a big boy and save us. Run to the road and stand by the mailbox until someone stops. Tell them we need help. ”
Everett did as he was told. He stood alone by the side of the road, waving to stop someone.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
After a while, Chris and Mark, nearby farmers, were driving by the farm.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Twenty minutes later, Louie emerged (出现), then Brandon, both cold and wet.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2022-2023学年高一下学期金中3月考试
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分。满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Planning to travel abroad in the coming year in the post-epidemic times Excellent! That means you have plenty of time to design your trip to include a few of the famous European festivals. Here are our top picks for annual European events:
Keukenhof: Amsterdam’s Tulip Flower Festival (Netherlands)
April 1-April 30, 2023
During this festival, more than 500 flower growers show off what they have! The Keukenhof garden dates back to the 15th century. If you are crazy about flowers, this is a must-go event!
Stars of the White Nights Festival: St Petersburg’s Annual Art Fair (Russia)
May 27-August 15, 2023
The Stars of the White Nights Festival in St Petersburg is one of the most popular musical and cultural events in Russia. The festival runs throughout the season of the midnight sun. You can enjoy music, opera, ballet, film and all sorts of outdoor celebrations.
Berlin Beer Festival: The Grey City’s Celebration of the Golden Drink (Germany)
September 17-October3, 2023
2,000 beers from 87 different countries—amazing! The Berlin Beer Festival celebrates beer culture and everything that goes with it. Each year, around 800,000 visitors come here! What can you look forward to The atmosphere, beer and some of the best music. There are national and international music acts throughout the festival!
Advent Markets: Austrian Christmas Festivities in Vienna (Austria)
November-December, 2023
If it’s Christmas cheer you’re after, look no further! Advent Markets are an age-old tradition dating back to the Middle Ages. Not sure what to get your loved ones We’re sure you’ll find something as there are over 20 official Christmas markets. They sell all sorts of seasonal gifts and traditional Viennese treats.
1. Which is an ideal choice for true flower lovers
A Amsterdam. B. St Petersburg. C. Berlin. D. Vienna.
2. What’s unique about the Advent Markets
A. It can offer people a feast of flowers.
B. People can appreciate popular cultural events there.
C. It can offer people varieties of traditional local treats.
D. People can enjoy worldwide music performances there.
3. Who is the text intended for
A. Art lovers. B. Event organizers. C. Tour guides. D. Keen travelers.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了欧洲一些年度活动的情况和安排。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Keukenhof: Amsterdam’s Tulip Flower Festival (Netherlands)部分中“During this festival, more than 500 flower growers show off what they have! The Keukenhof garden dates back to the 15th century. If you are crazy about flowers, this is a must-go event!(在这个节日期间，500多名花农会展示他们的花种!库肯霍夫花园可以追溯到15世纪。如果你喜欢花，这是一个必须去的活动！)”可知，Amsterdam是真正的花卉爱好者的理想选择。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“They sell all sorts of seasonal gifts and traditional Viennese treats.(他们出售各种季节性礼物和维也纳传统美食)”可知，Advent Markets的独特之处是可以为人们提供各种传统的当地美食。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Planning to travel abroad in the coming year in the post-epidemic times Excellent! That means you have plenty of time to design your trip to include a few of the famous European festivals. Here are our top picks for annual European events(在疫情后的新一年，你有出国旅游的计划吗？太好了！这意味着你有足够的时间来设计你的旅行，包括一些著名的欧洲节日。以下是我们评选的年度欧洲活动)”结合文章主要介绍了欧洲一些年度活动的情况和安排。可推知，文章针对的是游客。故选D。
B
My husband and I always wanted to go to the Caribbean but didn’t know much about the islands or how we were going to afford it. By chance, a friend of ours in Australia mentioned “pet sitting” and that it is something you can do all over the world.
We quickly created an account on a pet sitting website and began searching for options. There were only a couple of sits available in that part of the world, but we tried our luck, sent a request, and to our surprise landed a three-month job in Grenada, so our year was going to be taken up with Caribbean pet sits.
Inspired by a Canadian couple, we decided to start our own travel blog. We began by writing about the Virgin Islands, highlighting the beautiful beaches. However, for every photo album of a beautiful beach, there were 10 photos of trash. It was hard to ignore the plastic pollution issue, especially on such primitive and remote beaches. So, we began to share photos of the trash we saw and how much we could pick up on our daily dog walks.
The more we looked into plastic pollution, the more we realized the severity of the global plastic pollution. From that point, we used our platform to create awareness and highlight ways to say no to plastic and travel plastic-free. We changed our daily routines, our way of living, and even our diets to accommodate more organic foods and little to no plastic packaging.
It’s been over three years now and we continue to do what we can. This journey has led us to some amazing places, working with great brands and even organizing a country-wide beach clean-up campaign in Grenada.
Our aim now is to keep on going. We love connecting with like-minded people. It’s been amazing few years that was sparked by a conversation about pet sitting. Who would have guessed
4. Why did the author do pet sitting
A. To raise fund. B. To protect the environment.
C. To cover travel expenses. D. To shoot beautiful beaches.
5. What does the author intend to convey through her story
A. Pet sitting is a new type of occupation.
B. The Caribbean is an ideal travel destination.
C. Travel blog is a superb way to gain popularity.
D. Action should be taken to fight plastic pollution.
6. How did the author find her experience in the Caribbean
A. Challenging. B. Significant.
C. Adventurous. D. Romantic.
7. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A. Changing Lifestyles by Doing Pet Sitting
B. Unexpected Gains from Pet Sitting Travel
C. Dealing with Global Environment Pollution
D. The Availability of Pet Sitting in the Caribbean
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和丈夫通过申请宠物看护的方式获得了去加勒比海地区旅行的机会，在记录旅行的过程中，他们发现了海滩上难以忽视的塑料污染问题，开始从自身做起，清理海滩上的塑料垃圾，并建立平台开展活动，号召更多的人应对这一问题。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“My husband and I always wanted to go to the Caribbean but didn’t know much about the islands or how we were going to afford it. By chance, a friend of ours in Australia mentioned “pet sitting” and that it is something you can do all over the world.(我丈夫和我一直想去加勒比海地区，但对那些岛屿不太了解，也不知道我们怎么负担得起。一次偶然的机会，我们在澳大利亚的一个朋友提到了“宠物看护”，这是你在世界各地都可以做的事情)”可知，作者夫妻二人担心去加勒比海地区旅行的费用，朋友提出的宠物看护恰好可以解决这个问题。由此可知，他们照顾宠物是为了支付旅行的费用。故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“It was hard to ignore the plastic pollution issue, especially on such primitive and remote beaches.(很难忽视塑料污染问题，尤其是在这样原始和偏远的海滩上)”和第四段中“The more we looked into plastic pollution, the more we realized the severity of the global plastic pollution. From that point, we used our platform to create awareness and highlight ways to say no to plastic and travel plastic-free.(对塑料污染了解得越多，我们就越意识到全球塑料污染的严重性。从那时起，我们利用我们的平台来提高人们的意识，并强调拒绝塑料和无塑料旅行的方式)”可知，作者在旅行的过程中发现了塑料污染问题，随着深入的了解，越发觉得需要采取行动应对这一问题，并从自身做起，号召更多的人参与这一行动。由此推知，作者通过她的故事想呼吁大家行动起来应对塑料污染。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“This journey has led us to some amazing places, working with great brands and even organizing a country-wide beach clean-up campaign in Grenada.（这段旅程带领我们去了一些令人惊叹的地方，与非常棒的品牌合作，甚至在格林纳达组织了一场全国范围的海滩清理运动）”可知，作者在加勒比海地区的经历不仅令她收获了旅行的快乐，还令她做到了有意义的事情，采取行动应对塑料污染。由此推知，作者会觉得这段经历非常有意义。故选B。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者和丈夫通过申请宠物看护的方式获得了去加勒比海地区旅行的机会，在记录旅行的过程中，他们发现了海滩上难以忽视的塑料污染问题，开始从自身做起，清理海滩上的塑料垃圾，并建立平台开展活动，号召更多的人应对这一问题。再结合最后一段中“It’s been amazing few years that was sparked by a conversation about pet sitting. Who would have guessed (这几年是由一个关于宠物看护的对话引发的。谁能猜到呢 )”可知，这一段旅行经历的收获是作者开始的时候不曾想到的，因此B项（宠物看护旅行的意外收获）可概括文章大意，适合作为标题。故选B。
C
As the global population grows and shifts towards urban living, the land available in our cities is being under increasing pressure.In order to be sustainable, cities need to find ways to minimize their urban expansion.One option is to build upwards; another is to dig down.
In Montreal, constructed underground to relieve overcrowding in the city streets is RESO —one of the largest underground complexes in the world.It is a network connecting everything from shops and banks to flats and hotels.This shows how going underground can meet human needs whilst also bringing certain environmental benefits.Underground transport can reduce traffic jam above ground, thereby improving air quality.Furthermore, thanks to their relatively constant climate throughout the year, underground spaces consume less energy for heating and cooling.
When planning underground construction projects, developers must consider existing structures on or near the site, such as the remains of historic buildings.Designers must also ensure any underground space intended for human use has good air quality.One example is the forthcoming LDN Hotel,an underground hotel beneath the streets of London.Designers are using a wide range of plans to help keep the air inside clean,together with a state-of-the-art ventilation system (通风系统).
Light is another key consideration.In New York, plans for the world's first underground park Demonstrate novel ways of bringing natural rays beneath the surface.By employing solar technology light is to be reflected down through a series of pipes into the terminal below.This light would be sufficient for photosynthesis (光合作用) to occur and the park's plants to grow naturally.
Today's architects are developing innovative ways to make underground spaces functional and comfortable.The question remains whether they can provide sustainable and realistic options for the future.Besides practical considerations, there exists the challenge of building a positive perception of “going underground".Yet, the obvious challenges of constructing habitable underground spaces must be weighed against the urgent issue of housing the world's ballooning population.One day, it will feel as natural to live and work underground as it does to do so over 100 storeys high.
8. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 2
A. To advertise the underground complexes.
B. To give suggestions on relieving crowdedness.
C. To explain how the underground network works.
D. To introduce the benefits of building underground.
9. How does the author develop his opinion
A. By giving examples.
B. By listing study findings.
C. By making comparisons.
D. By quoting others' words.
10. Which of the following will the author agree
A Going underground can solve the problem of global warming.
B. Good air quality is superior to other factors.
C. Natural light is not necessary for underground plants.
D. The future of going underground calls for people's positive attitude.
11. What is the text mainly about
A. Ways to house the world population.
B. Concerns for the urban expansion.
C. Why and how to build underground.
D. The promising future of our cities.
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章通过城市人口激增的现象，引出“地下化”的概念，再举例加以说明地下建筑的好处和实施过程，最终论述出地下建筑的积极前景。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。通读全段，尤其是根据第二段第二句“This shows how going underground can meet human needs whilst also bringing certain environmental benefits. (这表明，地下化可以满足人类的需求，同时也带来了一定的环境效益。)”可知，该段主要是在介绍地下建筑和地铁的好处，不仅能缓解人类的生活空间缩小，还能消耗更少能源，保护环境。因此，第二段作者的意图是讲解一些地下建筑的好处。故选D项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“In Montreal, constructed underground to relieve overcrowding in the city streets is RESO —one of the largest underground complexes in the world. (在蒙特利尔，为缓解城市街道过度拥挤而建造的地下建筑是RESO——世界上最大的地下建筑群之一。)”、第三段中“One example is the forthcoming LDN Hotel, an underground hotel beneath the streets of London. (其中一个例子是即将开业的LDN酒店，这是一家位于伦敦街道下方的地下酒店。)”以及第四段中“In New York, plans for the world's first underground park Demonstrate novel ways of bringing natural rays beneath the surface. (在纽约，世界上第一个地下公园的规划，展示了将自然光线带入地下的新方法。)”由此可知，通过列举实际的建筑，比如RESO建筑群、LDN酒店和纽约的地下公园，作者论证了自己的论点，因此作者运用了举例子的方法来进一步说明自己的观点。故选A项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句“Besides practical considerations, there exists the challenge of building a positive perception of ‘going underground’.(除了实际考虑之外，还有一个挑战，那就是建立“地下化”的积极观念。)”可推测出，作者认为，除了好的空气和自然光照，未来实现“地下化”还需要人们对此秉持积极的态度。故选D项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了“地下化”的好处，以及建造地下建筑需要良好的空气和自然光。根据最后一段最后一句“One day, it will feel as natural to live and work underground as it does to do so over 100 storeys high. (总有一天，在地下生活和工作的感觉将和在100层楼高的地下生活和工作一样自然。)”可知，作者认为地下建筑在未来会成为一种流行。因此，全文主要是在介绍地下建筑，分别从地下建筑的好处，即为什么要建造，以及如何建造进行论述。故选C项。
D
With lunar exploration rocketing, it poses many challenges. Among them is a fundamental question metrologists (计量学家)worldwide are working to answer: what time is it on the Moon
The Moon doesn’t currently have an independent time. Each lunar mission uses its own timescale to coordinated universal time, or UTC—the standard against which the earth’s clocks are set. The approach works when the Moon hosts a handful of independent missions, but it will be a problem when there are multiple craft working together. Space agencies will also want to track them using satellite navigation, which relies on precise timing signals.
The most pressing need for lunar time comes from plans to create a dedicated global navigation satellite system (GNSS) for the Moon. To tackle this problem, representatives of space agencies and academic organizations worldwide met in November 2022 to start drafting recommendations on how to define lunar time.
Defining lunar time is not simple. According to the Special Theory of Relativity, clocks tick slower in stronger gravitational fields. The Moon’s gravitational pull is weaker than Earth’s, meaning a lunar clock would run faster than an Earth one.
Defining a lunar standard, with which all clocks are compared, will involve installing at least three master clocks that tick at the Moon’s natural pace, and whose output is combined by an algorithm (算法)to generate a more accurate ‘virtual’ timepiece.
What happens then depends on which option metrologists choose. They might decide to base lunar time on UTC. The alternative would be to use the synthesized (同步)output of the lunar atomic clocks as the Moon’s own independent, continuous time, and to track its relationship to UTC. That way, even if the connection with Earth is lost, clocks on the Moon will still agree with each other, allowing safe navigation and communications.
Setting lunar time is part of a much bigger picture. It will one day work for the more-distant planets that space agencies are ultimately targeting, such as Mars.
12. What’s the main idea of paragraph 2
A. The working principle of UTC.
B. The achievements of space mission.
C. The urgency to develop satellite navigation.
D. The problem of current lunar timing method.
13. What is the major barrier to defining lunar time
A. Lack of professional guidance.
B. The disagreement among metrologists.
C. Different gravitational pull on the Moon.
D. The complexity of installing master clocks.
14. What’s the advantage of defining the Moon’s independent time
A. Keeping the clocks on the Moon corresponding.
B. Preventing spacecraft losing connection with the Earth.
C. Helping humans land on the more-distant planets.
D. Making it easier to synchronize with UTC all the time.
15. What’s the best title of the text
A. What Time Is It on the Moon
B. When will Man Settle on the Moon
C. Lunar exploration: A Career Bound to Revive
D. GNSS: A More Precise Lunar Tracking System
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是设定月球时间的必要性和挑战以及设定月球时间的方案。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“The approach works when the Moon hosts a handful of independent missions, but it will be a problem when there are multiple craft working together. Space agencies will also want to track them using satellite navigation, which relies on precise timing signals.(当月球承载少数独立任务时，这种方法是有效的，但是当有多个飞船一起工作时，这将是一个问题。航天机构还希望使用卫星导航来跟踪它们，这依赖于精确的计时信号)”可知，当多个飞船共同工作时，当前的月球计时方法就出现问题，而且航天机构依赖精确的时间来跟踪飞船，这月球计时会产生很多问题。因此本段介绍当前月球计时方法存在的问题。故选D项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Defining lunar time is not simple. According to the Special Theory of Relativity, clocks tick slower in stronger gravitational fields. The Moon’s gravitational pull is weaker than Earth’s, meaning a lunar clock would run faster than an Earth one.(设定月球时间并不简单。根据狭义相对论，时钟在更强的引力场中走得更慢。月球的引力比地球的弱，这意味着月球时钟会比地球时钟跑得快。)”可知，设定月球时间的障碍是月球上的引力。故选C项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The alternative would be to use the synthesized (同步)output of the lunar atomic clocks as the Moon’s own independent, continuous time, and to track its relationship to UTC. That way, even if the connection with Earth is lost, clocks on the Moon will still agree with each other, allowing safe navigation and communications.(另一种方法是使用月球原子钟的同步输出作为月球自己独立的连续时间，并跟踪其与UTC的关系。这样，即使月球与地球失去了联系，月球上的时钟仍然会彼此一致，从而实现安全的航行和通信)”可知，设定月球独立的时间后，即使失去与地球联系，月球上的时间始终是保持一致。故选A项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据首段“With lunar exploration rocketing, it poses many challenges. Among them is a fundamental question metrologists (计量学家)worldwide are working to answer: what time is it on the Moon (月球探测火箭带来了许多挑战。其中有一个基本问题是世界各地的计量学家正在努力回答：月球上现在是几点？)”以及下文中分析设定月球时间的必要性和挑战以及方案可知，本文主要是围绕着设定独立月球时间展开，因此A项“月球上几点了”与主题内容吻合。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
It happens from time to time that after a whole morning of studying, you are tired in the afternoon. It is then that you may want to eat something sweet, perhaps a sweet drink or a chocolate bar to lift your mood. ___16___
But a study suggests that sugar can make you feel worse rather than lift your mood. The German and UK researchers collected data from 31 studies involving nearly 1,300 adults. ___17___ Those emotions include anger, alertness, depression and tiredness. They found that people who have too much sugar become more tired and less alert within an hour, and that these feelings become more intense over time.
According to researchers, when people take in sugar, their blood sugar levels rise rapidly, leading to a burst of energy and a short “feel good” period. However, as they begin to digest the sugar, their blood sugar levels decrease quickly, leading to a bad feeling. ___18___ As with caffeine, this prevents the body from relaxing, leaving people being tired and less alert.
___19___ According to WHO, it is healthy to have the sugars found naturally in fruit, vegetables and milk, so long as they make up less than 5 percent of our daily total energy intake.
So the next time you feel tired and can’t concentrate on study and work, perhaps you should think twice before you bite into a chocolate bar. There are still other ways to relieve tiredness. ___20___
A. Maybe a little exercise at midday is a better idea.
B. So cutting sweet food out of the diet is a good choice.
C. They studied the effect of sugar on some aspects of mood.
D. After all, it’s believed that a “sugar rush” gives you energy.
E. Sugar in any form is not necessarily good for the human body.
F. But the result of the study doesn’t mean giving up sweet food altogether.
G. To remain on a “high”, people may eat more sugar until they become addicted to it.
【答案】16. D 17. C 18. G 19. F 20. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了糖在被消化时会使人的血糖降低，让人情绪低落，但适量摄入水果、蔬菜和牛奶中的天然糖分对人的健康有好处。
【16题详解】
上文“It is then that you may want to eat something sweet, perhaps a sweet drink or a chocolate bar to lift your mood.(那时你可能想要吃一些甜的东西，也许是一杯甜饮料或一块巧克力来提升你的情绪)”说明你可能会想要吃甜的东西来提升情绪，D项“毕竟，人们相信“甜蜜冲刺”会给你能量。”说明人们想要吃甜的东西的原因，承接上文，符合题意。故选D。
【17题详解】
上文“The German and UK researchers collected data from 31 studies involving nearly 1,300 adults.(德国和英国的研究人员从包括近1300名成年人的31项研究中收集了数据)”说明研究人员收集了很多数据，以及下文“Those emotions include anger, alertness, depression and tiredness.(这些情绪包括愤怒、警觉、沮丧和疲惫)”说明其中包括一些消极的情绪，C项中They指代上文中的The German and UK researchers，C项“他们研究了糖对情绪某些方面的影响。”承上启下，符合题意。故选C。
【18题详解】
上文“However, as they begin to digest the sugar, their blood sugar levels decrease quickly, leading to a bad feeling.(然而，当他们开始消化糖时，他们的血糖水平会迅速下降，导致一种糟糕的感觉)”说明人们消化糖时，血糖下降会导致不好的感觉，G项“为了保持“高”，人们可能会吃更多的糖，直到上瘾。”说明人们对于上文出现的情况采取的应对措施，承接上文，符合题意。故选G。
【19题详解】
下文“According to WHO, it is healthy to have the sugars found naturally in fruit, vegetables and milk, so long as they make up less than 5 percent of our daily total energy intake.(据世界卫生组织称，水果、蔬菜和牛奶中的天然糖分是健康的，只要它们占我们每日总能量摄入的比例不到5%)”说明适量摄入天然糖分是健康的，F项“但研究结果并不意味着完全放弃甜食。”建议不要完全放弃甜食，引出下文，符合题意。故选F。
【20题详解】
上文“There are still other ways to relieve tiredness.(还有其他缓解疲劳方法)”说明缓解疲劳还有其他方法，A项“也许中午做点运动是个好主意。”举例说明了缓解疲劳的方法，承接上文，符合题意。故选A。
第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
My father was the gentles and most loving dad in the world — until we had an argument. During those moments, he transformed into a ___21___ man who never considered that there could be a side other than his own. My words surely never reached his “open mind” because his ears were ___22___. When he spoke with such ___23___ that it was easy to begin to doubt my own point of view. He always had the last ___24___. I could never win.
So when he denied my senior class trip to Montreal, I could do nothing but race from his room in despair And just then a thought ___25___ my mind. If I couldn’t get him to listen to my side of our arguments, maybe I could get him to ___26___ it.
With the hope that his eyes would be more open than his ears, I began to write a note that began with “Dear Daddy” and ___27___ with how much I respected his opinion, how much I hated to fight with him and, ___28___, how much I loved him. I folded my note into an envelope, ___29___ it under the door of his bedroom and raced back to my own room where I ___30___ on my bed.
It was only minutes ___31___ I heard a knock at my door. Seeing the look on my father’s face, I knew my note ___32___ his temper and touched his heart.
The victory of winning my dad’s permission was sweet. ___33___, even sweeter was the discovery of a strategy that enabled me to have an argument with my dad that didn’t end in tears, but instead with a hug. My “Dear Daddy” notes became a ___34___ to many of our arguments. When his “I’m your father, that’s why!” left me ___35___,I knew just how to get through to him.
21.
A. cautious B. stubborn C. sensitive D. passive
22.
A. masked B. struck C. shut D. folded
23.
A. authority B. emotion C. enthusiasm D. dignity
24.
A straw B. word C. chance D. minute
25.
A. flashed B. occurred to C. hit D. crossed
26.
A. record B. hear C. review D. read
27.
A. wound up B. made up C. sprang up D. dried up
28.
A. in all B. at all C. above all D. after all
29.
A. covered B. slid C. attached D. lay
30.
A. collapsed B. suffered C. cried D. panicked
31.
A. after B. when C. since D. before
32.
A. lost B. melted C. froze D. kept
33.
A. Therefore B. Anyway C. However D. Instead
34.
A. follow-up B. make-up C. pick-up D. break-up
35.
A. worthless B. restless C. speechless D. senseless
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者的父亲是个固执的人，听不进作者的意见，于是作者选择用写便条的方式和父亲沟通。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那段时间里，他变成了一个固执的人，从不认为会有自己以外的另一方。A. cautious谨慎地；B. stubborn固执的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. passive被动的。根据后文“never considered that there could be a side other than his own”可知，父亲不考虑别人，是个固执的人。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的话肯定没有达到他“开放的思想”，因为他的耳朵是封闭的。A. masked掩饰的；B. struck动词，打击；C. shut关闭的；D. folded折叠的。根据上文“never considered that there could be a side other than his own”可知，父亲不考虑别人，说明听不进去别人的话，耳朵是封闭的。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他以如此权威的口吻说话时，我很容易开始怀疑自己的观点。A. authority权威；B. emotion情感；C. enthusiasm热情；D. dignity尊严。根据上文“never considered that there could be a side other than his own”可知，父亲不考虑别人，以及后文提到父亲总是最后说了算，即用权威的口吻说话。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他总是最后说了算。A. straw吸管；B. word单词；C. chance机会；D. minute分钟。根据后文“I could never win.(我永远也赢不了)”可知，父亲总是说了算，作者赢不了他，have the last word表示“拥有最终决定权”。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词和短语辨析。句意：所以当他拒绝让我去蒙特利尔旅行时，我只能绝望地从他的房间里跑出来，就在这时一个念头闪过我的脑海。A. flashed闪烁；B. occurred to突然想到；C. hit击中；D. crossed穿过。根据后文“If I couldn’t get him to listen to my side of our arguments, maybe I could get him to read it.”指作者想到了让父亲听取意见的新想法，短语cross one’s mind表示“想起”。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我不能让他听我的观点，也许我可以让他读一下。A. record记录；B. hear听见；C. review复习；D. read阅读。根据后文“I began to write a note that began with “Dear Daddy””指作者希望让父亲通过阅读的方式听取别人的意见。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：抱着希望他的眼睛比耳朵更开阔，我开始写一张便条，开头是“亲爱的爸爸”，最后是我多么尊重他的意见，我多么讨厌和他争吵，最重要的是，我多么爱他。A. wound up结束；B. made up组成；C. sprang up突然出现；D. dried up干旱。根据上文“began with “Dear Daddy” and”和后文“with how much I respected his opinion”指便条的开头是“亲爱的爸爸”，最后是多么尊重他的意见，故选A。
【28题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：抱着希望他的眼睛比耳朵更开阔，我开始写一张便条，开头是“亲爱的爸爸”，最后是我多么尊重他的意见，我多么讨厌和他争吵，最重要的是，我多么爱他。A. in all总之；B. at all一点也不；C. above all最重要的是；D. after all毕竟。根据后文“how much I loved him”作者写便条最重要的意义是表达对父亲的爱。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把纸条折进一个信封，塞进他卧室的门底下，然后跑回自己的房间，瘫倒在床上。A. covered覆盖；B. slid使滑入；C. attached附上；D. lay躺下。根据后文“it under the door of his bedroom”可知，后文it指代信封，指把信封塞进他卧室的门底下，故选B。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把纸条折进一个信封，塞进他卧室的门底下，然后跑回自己的房间，瘫倒在床上。A. collapsed倒塌；B. suffered遭受；C. cried哭泣；D. panicked恐慌。根据后文“on my bed”指作者回到房间倒在床上。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：只过了几分钟我就听到有人敲门。A. after在……之后；B. when当……时候；C. since自从；D. before在……之前。此处为句型it be+一段时间+before表示“没过多久就……”。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到父亲脸上的表情，我知道我的纸条融化了他的脾气，触动了他的心。A. lost丢失；B. melted融化；C. froze冻结；D. kept保持。根据上文“ Seeing the look on my father’s face”以及后文“his temper and touched his heart”可知，作者的便条融化了父亲的脾气，触动了他的心。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，更甜蜜的是，我发现了一个策略，使我与父亲的争吵没有以眼泪结束，而是以拥抱结束。A. Therefore因此；B. Anyway无论如何；C. However然而；D. Instead相反。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用however。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我写的“亲爱的爸爸”成了我们争吵的后续内容。A. follow-up后续；B. make-up化妆品；C. pick-up小货车；D. break-up破裂。根据后文“to many of our arguments”指作者总是会在争吵后写便条，所以“亲爱的爸爸”成了他们争吵的后续内容。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他说“我是你爸爸，这就是原因！”这句话让我说不出话来，但我知道该如何与他沟通。A. worthless无价值的；B. restless不安的；C. speechless无言的；D. senseless愚蠢的。根据后文“I knew just how to get through to him”作者选择了用其他方式和父亲沟通，说明“我是你爸爸，这就是原因！”这句话让作者说不出话来，故选C。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Running may be the most effective exercise to increase life expectancy. According to ___36___ new study, compared to non-runners, runners tended ___37___(live) about three additional years, even if they run slowly or ___38___(occasion) and smoke, drink or are overweight.
The 59___39___(finding) come as a follow-up to a previous study ___40___ a group of distinguished exercise scientists carefully checked data from a large number of medical and fitness tests ___41___(conduct) at the Cooper Institute in Dallas. That analysis found that as little as 5 minutes of daily running was associated with prolonged lifespans.
Some people asked if other activities, such as walking, were likely to be as ___42___(benefit) as running. Long-distance runners ___43___(wonder) if they could be doing too much, and if at some undefined number of miles or hours, running might become harmful and even contributed ___44___ early death. And a few people questioned whether running really added to people's lifespans.
So for the new study, Dr. Lee and his colleagues set out to address related issues by analyzing data from the Cooper Institute ____45____ also examining results from a number of other large-scale recent studies.
【答案】36. a 37. to live
38. occasionally
39. findings
40. where 41. conducted
42 beneficial
43. wondered
44. to 45. and
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。根据一项新的研究，与不跑步的人相比，跑步的人往往能多活3年左右，即使他们跑得很慢，或者偶尔跑一次，还抽烟、喝酒或超重。文章主要介绍了这项研究开展的过程以及发现。
【36题详解】
考查冠词。句意：根据一项新的研究，与不跑步的人相比，跑步的人往往能多活3年左右，即使他们跑得很慢，或者偶尔跑一次，还抽烟、喝酒或超重。study为可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且new是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。
【37题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：根据一项新的研究，与不跑步的人相比，跑步的人往往能多活3年左右，即使他们跑得很慢，或者偶尔跑一次，还抽烟、喝酒或超重。结合句意表示“往往……”可知短语为tend to do sth.。故填to live。
【38题详解】
考查副词。句意：根据一项新的研究，与不跑步的人相比，跑步的人往往能多活3年左右，即使他们跑得很慢，或者偶尔跑一次，还抽烟、喝酒或超重。修饰动词run应用副词occasionally，作状语。故填occasionally。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：这59项发现是之前一项研究的后续，一群杰出的运动科学家仔细核对了达拉斯库珀研究所进行的大量医疗和健康测试的数据。空处作主语，表示“发现”应用可数名词finding，由59修饰应用复数形式。故填findings。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这59项发现是之前一项研究的后续，一群杰出的运动科学家仔细核对了达拉斯库珀研究所进行的大量医疗和健康测试的数据。此处为定语从句修饰先行词study，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这59项发现是之前一项研究的后续，一群杰出的运动科学家仔细核对了达拉斯库珀研究所进行的大量医疗和健康测试的数据。分析句子结构可知conduct在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语data构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填conducted。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：一些人问，其他活动，如散步，是否可能和跑步一样有益。根据上文“were likely to be”可知应填形容词beneficial，作表语，表示“有益的”，as...as...结构中用形容词的原级。故填beneficial。
【43题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：长跑运动员想知道他们是否跑得太多了，如果跑了不确定的里程数或小时，跑步可能会有害，甚至导致早逝。设空处为主句谓语动词，结合上文“Some people asked if other activities”可知描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时。故填wondered。
【44题详解】
考查介词。句意：长跑运动员想知道他们是否跑得太多了，如果跑了不确定的里程数或小时，跑步可能会有害，甚至导致早逝。结合句意表示“导致”可知短语为contribute to。故填to。
【45题详解】
考查连词。句意：因此，在这项新研究中，李博士和他的同事们着手解决相关问题，他们分析了来自库珀研究所的数据，并检查了近期其他一些大规模研究的结果。“分析了来自库珀研究所的数据”与“检查了近期其他一些大规模研究的结果”构成并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。
第四部分 写作
第一节 应用文(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你校英国交换生Taylor发邮件说她加入了你校“中国艺术社”，该社团本学期开设了两门课程：中国书法和京剧，希望你能向她推荐其中一门课程。请你给她回一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 你推荐的课程；
2. 推荐理由；
3. 你的祝福。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Taylor,
Knowing that you are still undecided as to which course to choose between Chinese calligraphy and Beijing Opera, I am writing to offer my recommendation.
Chinese calligraphy is highly recommended, for Chinese calligraphy is the cultivation of one’s morality as well as a window into Chinese profound culture. The course, a combination of theory and practice, is given by a retired but renowned master, professor Zhang. It ranks number one among our school courses in term of popularity.
Wish you a rewarding voyage of discovering the beauty of Chinese calligraphy.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国交换生Taylor发邮件，向她推荐你校“中国艺术社”本学期开设的中国书法和京剧两门课程中的一门。内容包括：你推荐的课程；推荐理由；你的祝福。
【详解】1.词汇积累
关于：as to→about
提供：offer→provide
著名的：renowned→famous
排名第一：rank number one→rank first
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The course, a combination of theory and practice, is given by a retired but renowned master, professor Zhang.
拓展句：The course, which is a combination of theory and practice, is given by a retired but renowned master, professor Zhang.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Knowing that you are still undecided as to which course to choose between Chinese calligraphy and Beijing Opera, I am writing to offer my recommendation.(运用了非谓语动词作状语)
[高分句型2] Chinese calligraphy is highly recommended, for Chinese calligraphy is the cultivation of one’s morality as well as a window into Chinese profound culture. (运用了for引导的并列句，表示原因)
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On a late afternoon, Brandon finished feeding his cows on the farm and decided to go back with his two sons, Louie, 6, and Everett, 3. As they headed for the house, the two boys ran ahead of their father. Suddenly Brandon was aware he forgot to close the door of the barn (牲口棚). He told the boys to wait for him at the gate and returned to lock it. When he was at the gate minutes later, he saw only his youngest son.
“ Where’s Louie ” he shouted.
“He fell in the hole!” Everett said.
Brandon quickly realized what had happened. Noooo, he thought. Louie can barely swim! He ran to the well and heard Louie splashing, trying not to . Instinctively, he jumped in.
Somehow Brandon managed to grab on to a pipe that ran down the side of the well, which slowed his fall and kept him from crushing (挤压) his son.
Finally, Brandon hit the freezing water at the bottom of the well. He popped his head out of the water and grabbed Louie, who was panicking and trying to stay afloat in water that was too deep for either of them to stand. Knowing they could tread (踩水) for only so long, Brandon lifted his son onto his chest as he packed his own back against the narrow walls for support.
“All right, Dad, you can pull us out now,” Louie said.
If only it were that easy. There was no way he could climb out. The pipe that he’d grabbed during his fall was too slippery to be of any use. There was only one way out.
Looking up to see Everett peering down at them from the top of the well, Brandon shouted, “Everett, you’re going to have to be a big boy and save us. Run to the road and stand by the mailbox until someone stops. Tell them we need help. ”
Everett did as he was told. He stood alone by the side of the road, waving to stop someone.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
After a while, Chris and Mark, nearby farmers, were driving by the farm.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Twenty minutes later, Louie emerged (出现), then Brandon, both cold and wet.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】paragraph 1：
After a while, Chris and Mark, nearby farmers, were driving by the farm. Everett rushed towards them and stopped them, telling them what had happened. Hearing the accident from Everett, they picked him up and sped to Brandon house. Upon arrival, they quickly jumped off the truck and grabbed a long thick rope and then rush to the well.“Brandon,” they shouted, “We are going to send a rope down to you.” “OK, I will send Louie up first.” Brandon shouted back, freezing down there.
paragraph 2:
Twenty minutes later, Louie emerged(出现), then Brandon, both cold and wet. Struggling to his feet, Brandon hugged the two farmers tightly, whispering “You save our lives! Thank you!” Yet, Mark said,“It was actually Everett who saved your lives. Without him, we wouldn’t have known the accident. Let alone the rescue! ”Words could not express his surprise when the father turned to the 3-year-old boy. Everett cried, rushing to Brandon and Louie. Brandon held them tightly in arms, cherishing them like never before, and tears welled up in the eyes of this tough guy. Finally, they thanked the two farmers Chris and Mark again.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Brandon喂完牛后和两个儿子Louie和Everett一起回家。Brandon关上牲口棚门后却发现大儿子不见了，问过小儿子Everett后得知Louie掉进了井里。于是Brandon跳进井里救Louie，但是因为水太深，两人都不能逃出。Brandon让井口的Everett到路边去寻求帮助。Everett答应了父亲，他站在路边。
【详解】1. 段落续写
①由第一段首句“过了一会儿，附近的农民克里斯和马克开车经过农场。”可知，第一段可描写两位农民在听到Everett的描述之后，两人加速开车到Brandon的农场救援两父子。
②由第二段首句“二十分钟后，路易出现了，然后是布兰登，又冷又湿。”可知，本段可描述两父子被救上来后，父亲感谢两位农民的救命之恩，而两位农民则说救他们父子俩的小儿子Everett。随后，父子三人相拥一起。
2. 续写线索
开车经过——了解情况——援救成功——感激——感恩。
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①快速赶去：speed up/rush to/fly to
②大声回应：shout back/respond with a loud voice
③ 感谢：thank/show one’s gratitude
情绪类
①哭泣：tears well up in the eyes/eyes full of tears
②吃惊：surprise/astonishment/amazement
【点睛】【高分句型1】
Everett rushed towards them and stopped them, telling them what had happened.（运用了现在分词作状语和what引导宾语从句）
【高分句型2】
Struggling to his feet, Brandon hugged the two farmers tightly, whispering “You save our lives! Thank you!” （运用了现在分词作伴随状语）
