Unit 3 Grammar
【学习目标】
1.能在具体语境中正确选择是使用一般过去时态还是现在完成时态。
2.能记忆和理解单词return、 passport,并在语境中正确使用它们。
3.能通过学习,理解、区分一般过去时态和现在完成时态,培养英语语法学习的严谨性。
课时重点:
知道现在完成时态的基本结构、概念及使用范围。
【预习导学】
一、填一填
1.去过加拿大两次
2.故宫博物院
3.几天前
4.地方美食
5.梦想……
6.参加在线旅行
7.实现某人的梦想
8.没有护照
二、译一译
1.去年夏天,我爬了黄山。
_____________________________________________________________________
2.你曾经吃过著名的天津包子吗
_____________________________________________________________________
3.你梦想过没有护照而环游世界吗
_____________________________________________________________________
4.你可以通过参加在线旅行的方式来实现你的梦想。
_____________________________________________________________________
三、想一想
1.在句子“You can realize your dream by taking an online tour.”中,by表示“通过某种方式或方法”,其后接v.-ing形式。请仿照上述例句,翻译“他通过教学谋生。”。
_____________________________________________________________________
2.与一般过去时连用的时间状语有哪些 与现在完成时连用的副词有哪些
_____________________________________________________________________
【答案】
一、
1.have/has been to Canada twice 2.the Palace Museum 3.the other day 4.local food 5.dream of... 6.take an online tour 7.realize one's dream 8.without a passport
二、
1.I climbed Mount Huang last summer.
2.Have you ever tried the famous Tianjin Baozi
3.Have you ever dreamt of travelling around the world without a passport
4.You can realize your dream by taking an online tour.
三、
1.He makes a living by teaching.
2.yesterday, this morning, in 2010, two days ago等;already, yet, ever, never, just 等。
【合作探究】
任务驱动一 复习漫画,回答问题
1.复习卡通漫画,回答与漫画内容有关的问题:
(1)When did this programme begin
(2)Has Eddie used this computer before
2.将问题的答案记录在笔记本上,对比两个答句,感受和体验一般过去时态和现在完成时态的语法功能。
3.向同伴说一说一般过去时态和现在完成时态的表意功能。
·学习小助手·
在写下两个不同时态的答句时,要特别注意句中的时间状语标志,如an hour ago和before,并思考与总结不同的时态所用的不同的时间状语。
任务驱动二 观察句子,归纳时态的语法意义
1.阅读三组时态对比的句子,在读懂例句的同时,体会两种时态的语法意义。
(1)Daniel went to Beijing two years ago./ Daniel has lived in Beijing for two years.
(2)Daniel bought a new computer last month./ Daniel has bought a new computer.
(3)Mr Wu visited Canada in 2010 and 2011./ Mr Wu has been to Canada twice.
2.观察和对比句子,归纳两种不同的时态所表达的语法意义,然后完成课本 A部分的练习并核对答案。
3.基于本单元“在线旅行”的话题,试着用两种时态造句。如“I took an online tour yesterday evening.I have already visited three countries.”。
任务驱动三 总结归纳
1.在体会和理解两种时态的区别后,阅读并学习教材中关于两种时态的功能的总结归纳。完成课本 B部分的练习并核对答案。
2.在理解和区分清楚两种时态的基础上,完成课本 C部分的对话练习,然后朗读该对话,进一步体会两种时态的表意功能的差异。
3.模仿课本D部分的Millie的日记,用一般过去时态和现在完成时态写一篇美国纽约在线旅行的日记。
【知识超市】
● 语法:现在完成时态和一般过去时态
现在完成时态在用法上常会和一般过去时态混淆,它们之间的区别在于:
1.现在完成时是表示过去的动作与现在的联系,主要说明的是现在的情况和状态;而一般过去时则强调动作发生在过去某一时间,与现在不发生联系。 例如:
We haven't seen him since last year.我们自去年以来一直未见到他。(现在还未见到)
We didn't see him last year.我们去年没见到他。(现在不一定未见到)
2.现在完成时表示从过去发生并一直持续到现在(包括现在)的某个动作或状态,与和现在有关的时间状语如already、 just、 for、 since等连用;一般过去时表示发生在过去某一特定时间(与现在无关)的动作,与具体的表示过去的时间状语如yesterday、 last year、 in 1965、 a moment ago等连用。 例如:
He has lived here since he was born.他自出生以来一直居住在这儿。(since“自从……以来”,与现在有关,说明还居住在这儿。)
Millie went to see her grandmother last night.Millie昨晚去看了她外婆。(只说明昨晚)
3.值得注意的几个要点:
(1)指动作发生在过去,并且一直持续到现在时,要用现在完成时。例如:
We have studied English for two years.我们学英语两年了。
(2)指过去的几次经历,但没有出现表示过去的时间状语时,要用现在完成时。例如:
I have been to Shanghai twice.我曾去过上海两次。
(3)以when开头的特殊疑问句,要用一般过去时。例如:
When did you lose your pen 你什么时候丢的钢笔
(4)just (刚刚)与现在完成时连用,just now (刚才)与一般过去时连用。例如:
The train has just gone.火车刚刚离开。
I did my homework just now.我刚才做了我的家庭作业。
(5)since 作介词,后面跟时间名词一起作状语时,句子要用现在完成时;since 作连词,引导状语从句时,主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。例如:
He has worked in this factory since 1996.自从1996年以来,他就在这家工厂工作。
He has studied very hard since he came to our school.他自从到我们学校以来就学习非常刻苦。
(6)so far、in the last/past ...与现在完成时连用。例如:
So far, many countries have sent up satellites into space.到目前为止,许多国家已向太空发射了卫星。
[做一做]用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.I (know) him five years ago.
I (know) him since five years ago.
2.Mr Wu (visit) our school last week.
Mr Wu (visit) our school already.
3.Mike (learn) English when he was six.
Mike (learn) English for six years.
4.Tom (read) the comic book just now in the library.
Tom just (read) the comic book in the library.
● Broadway has been famous for its theatres since the early twentieth century.自20世纪初以来,百老汇就因其戏剧院而出名。
注意be famous for和be famous as之间的区别:be famous as表示“作为……而出名”,主要是表示人“以某种身份或职业而出名”,或表示某地方“作为什么产地或地方而出名”。例如:
Mark Twain was famous as a children-story writer.马克·吐温作为儿童故事作家而闻名。
be famous for表示人“以某种知识技能、作品或特征而出名”,表示某地“以某种特产或特征而出名”。例如:
The area is famous for its green tea.这个地区以其绿茶而著名。
[做一做]翻译句子。
1.杭州以西湖而闻名。
_____________________________________________________________________
2.爱因斯坦作为一位伟大的科学家而闻名。
_____________________________________________________________________
对点自测
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.My father (buy) me a bike two weeks ago. And I (have) it for two weeks.
2.We (plant) trees last Sunday. So far we (plant) over 3,000 trees there.
3.Lily (borrow) the book three days ago, and she (keep) it for three days.
4.Tony (play) football yesterday and he (learn) to play it since five years ago.
5.Jack (go) to Shanghai two days ago and he (stay) in Shanghai for two days.
6.Mike (go) to New York on business. He (leave) for the airport at 5 in the morning.
【答案】
做一做
1.knew have known 2.visited has visited
3.learned / learnt has learned / learnt 4.read has read
做一做
1.Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake.
2.Einstein was famous as a great scientist.
对点自测
1.bought have had 2.planted have planted
3.borrowed has kept 4.played has learned
5.went has stayed 6.has gone left
2(共29张PPT)
八年级·英语· 译林版·下册
Unit 3 Online tours
Grammar
1.能在具体语境中正确选择是使用一般过去时态还是现在完成时态。
2.能记忆和理解单词return、 passport,并在语境中正确使用它们。
3.能通过学习，理解、区分运用一般过去时态和现在完成时态,培养英语语法学习的严谨性。
课时重点:知道现在完成时态的基本结构、概念及使用范围。
在旅行中,我们会做很多有意义的事,也会了解许多新的知识。你愿意和你的同学一起分享这些旅行的记忆吗 当你在描述你的旅行活动时,使用一般过去时态和现在完成时态将有助于你准确地描述。
一、填一填
1.去过加拿大两次
2.故宫博物院
3.几天前
4.地方美食
5.梦想……
6.参加在线旅行
7.实现某人的梦想
8.没有护照
have/has been to Canada twice
the Palace Museum
the other day
local food
dream of...
take an online tour
realize one’s dream
without a passport
二、译一译
1.去年夏天,我爬了黄山。
2.你曾经吃过著名的天津包子吗
I climbed Mount Huang last summer.
Have you ever tried the famous Tianjin Baozi
3.你梦想过没有护照而环游世界吗
4.你可以通过参加在线旅行的方式来实现你的梦想。
Have you ever dreamt of travelling around the world without a passport
You can realize your dream by taking an online tour.
三、想一想
1.在句子“You can realize your dream by taking an online tour.”中,by表示“通过某种方式或方法”,其后接v.-ing形式。请仿照上述例句，翻译“他通过教学谋生。”。
He makes a living by teaching.
2.与一般过去时连用的时间状语有哪些 与现在完成时连用的副词有哪些
yesterday, this morning, in 2010, two days ago等;
already, yet, ever, never, just 等。
复习漫画,回答问题
1.复习卡通漫画,回答与漫画内容有关的问题：
（1）When did this programme begin
（2） Has Eddie used this computer before
2.将问题的答案记录在笔记本上,对比两个答句,感受和体验一般过去时态和现在完成时态的语法功能。
3.向同伴说一说一般过去时态和现在完成时态的表意功能。
在写下两个不同时态的答句时,要特别注意句中的时间状语标志,如an hour ago和before,并思考与总结不同的时态所用的不同的时间状语。
观察句子,归纳时态的语法意义
1.阅读三组时态对比的句子,在读懂例句的同时,体会两种时态的语法意义。
(1)Daniel went to Beijing two years ago./ Daniel has lived in Beijing for two years.
(2)Daniel bought a new computer last month./ Daniel has bought a new computer.
(3)Mr Wu visited Canada in 2010 and 2011./ Mr Wu has been to Canada twice.
2.观察和对比句子,归纳两种不同的时态所表达的语法意义，然后完成课本 A部分的练习并核对答案。
3.基于本单元“在线旅行”的话题,试着用两种时态造句。如“I took an online tour yesterday evening.I have already visited three countries.”。
总结归纳
1.在体会和理解两种时态的区别后,阅读并学习教材中对于两种时态的功能的总结归纳。完成课本 B部分的练习并核对答案。
2.在理解和区分清楚两种时态的基础上,完成课本 C部分的对话练习,然后朗读该对话,进一步体会两种时态的表意功能的差异。
3.模仿课本D部分的Millie的日记,用一般过去时态和现在完成时态写一篇美国纽约在线旅行的日记。
● 语法:现在完成时态和一般过去时态
现在完成时态在用法上常会和一般过去时态混淆,它们之间的区别在于:
1.现在完成时是表示过去的动作与现在的联系,主要说明的是现在的情况和状态;而一般过去时则强调动作发生在过去某一时间,与现在不发生联系。 例如:
We haven’t seen him since last year.我们自去年以来一直未见到他。(现在还未见到)
We didn’t see him last year.我们去年没见到他。(现在不一定未见到)
2.现在完成时表示从过去发生并一直持续到现在(包括现在)的某个动作或状态,与现在有关的时间状语如already、 just、 for、 since等连用;一般过去时表示发生在过去某一特定(与现在无关)的动作,与具体的表示过去的时间状语如yesterday、 last year、 in 1965、 a moment ago等连用。 例如:
He has lived here since he was born.他自出生以来一直居住在这儿。(since“自从……以来”,与现在有关,说明还居住在这儿。)
Millie went to see her grandmother last night.Millie昨晚去看了她外婆。(只说明昨晚)
3.值得注意的几个要点:
(1)指动作发生在过去,并且一直持续到现在时，要用现在完成时。例如:
We have studied English for two years.我们学英语两年了。
(2)指过去的几次经历,但没有出现表示过去的时间状语,要用现在完成时。例如:
I have been to Shanghai twice.我曾去过上海两次。
(3)以when开头的特殊疑问句,要用一般过去时。例如:
When did you lose your pen 你什么时候丢的钢笔
(4)just (刚刚)与现在完成时连用,just now (刚才)与一般过去时连用。例如:
The train has just gone.火车刚刚离开。
I did my homework just now.我刚才做了我的家庭作业。
(5)since 作介词,后面跟时间名词一起作状语时,句子要用现在完成时;since 作连词,引导状语从句时,主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。例如:
He has worked in this factory since 1996.自从1996年以来,他就在这家工厂工作。
He has studied very hard since he came to our school.他自从到我们学校以来就学习非常刻苦。
(6)so far,in the last / past ...与现在完成时连用。例如:
So far, many countries have sent up satellites into space.到目前为止,许多国家已向太空发射了卫星。
[做一做]用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.I (know) him five years ago.
I (know) him since five years ago.
2.Mr Wu (visit) our school last week.
Mr Wu (visit) our school already.
knew
have known
visited
has visited
3.Mike (learn) English when he was six.
Mike (learn) English for six years.
4.Tom (read) the comic book just now in the library.
Tom just (read) the comic book in the library.
learned / learnt
has learned / learnt
read
has
read
● Broadway has been famous for its theatres since the early twentieth century.自20世纪初以来,百老汇就因其戏剧院而出名。
注意be famous for和be famous as之间的区别:be famous as表示“作为……而出名”,主要是表示人“以某种身份或职业而出名”,或表示某地方“作为什么产地或地方而出名”。例如:
Mark Twain was famous as a children-story writer.马克·吐温作为儿童故事作家而闻名。
be famous for表示人“以某种知识技能、作品或特征而出名”,表示某地“以某种特产或特征而出名”。例如:
The area is famous for its green tea.这个地区以其绿茶而著名。
[做一做]翻译句子。
1.杭州以西湖而闻名。
2.爱因斯坦作为一名伟大的科学家而闻名。
Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake.
Einstein was famous as a great scientist.
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.My father (buy) me a bike two weeks ago.
And I (have) it for two weeks.
2.We (plant) trees last Sunday. So far we
(plant) over 3,000 trees there.
have planted
have bought
planted
bought
3.Lily (borrow) the book three days ago,
and she (keep) it for three days.
4.Tony (play) football yesterday and he
(learn) to play it since five years ago.
has learned
played
has kept
borrowed
5.Jack (go) to Shanghaitwo days ago and he
(stay) in Shanghai for two days.
6.Mike (go) to New York on business.
He (leave) for the airport at 5 in the morning.
left
has gone
has stayed
went
