人教版（2019）必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions词汇学案（无答案）
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Unit 4 词汇学案1
班级：______________ 姓名：______________
Learn objectives:
1.Learn new words, important phrases and grammar:philosophy,individual，join...to...belong to...puzzle,as well as, evidence...
2.Use those words and expressions in daily study.
一、基础词汇
1.philosophy n.哲学
【佳句背诵】The degree of doctor of philosophy is awarded to his sister last year.[人物介绍]
去年,他姐姐被授予哲学博士学位。
2.individual adj.单独的;个别的 n.个人
【佳句背诵】Every individual has the right to make an individual decision.[观点看法]
每个人都有权利做出各自的决定。
3.join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来
【佳句背诵】You should never join an electric wire to a water pipe.[建议信]
你千万不可把电线连接在水管上。
4.belong to 属于
【佳句背诵】The teacher keeps telling his students that the future belongs to the well-educated.[人物介绍]
老师不断告诉他的学生未来属于接受了良好教育的人。
5.defence n.防御;保卫
【佳句背诵】What points can be raised in defence of this argument [提出质疑]
有什么论点能提出来为这个说法辩护呢
6.surround vt.围绕;包围
【佳句背诵】About five miles from downtown,the green village is surrounded by green fields and thick forests.[景点描写]
距离市中心大约5英里,这个绿色村庄被绿色的田野和茂密的森林所包围。
高频词汇
1.be similar to...和……相似
be similar in...在……方面相似
similar interests/views相似的兴趣/观点
similarity n.类似;相似点
be the same as...与……相同
【佳句背诵】The twins are similar to each other in appearance,but different in character.[人物介绍]
这对双胞胎在长相方面彼此相似,但是在性格上截然不同。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)In our company there are a few machines similar __________those described in this magazine.
(2)Observing carefully,you can find the two actresses are similar __________ appearance.
(3)最后,我买了一双新鞋,和从前买过的那双非常相似。
Finally,I bought a pair of new shoes which ________ __________ ________ the pair I had before.
2.allow v.允许;准许;给予;承认
allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事
allow doing sth 允许做某事
allow for 考虑到;将……计算在内
【佳句背诵】His hometown doesn't allow other buildings to be more noticeable than the historic buildings.[地点介绍]
他的家乡不允许其他建筑比这些历史建筑更引人注目。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)His parents won't allow him _________(stay) out late,which belongs to a family rule.
(2)Strictly speaking,we don't allow _________(smoke) in this lecture room.
(3)交通指示灯变绿意味着你可以过马路。
When the traffic light turns green,it means that you _________ __________ __________ __________ the street.
3.puzzle n.谜;智力游戏;疑问 vt.迷惑;使困惑
puzzle over/about...对……冥思苦想;绞尽脑汁
puzzle sth out 琢磨出……的答案
be in a puzzle (about)...(对……)不知如何是好
puzzling adj.令人迷惑的
puzzled adj.困惑的;感到迷惑的
be puzzled about...对……迷惑不解
【佳句背诵】I'm in a puzzle as to how to get along with my new roommate.[人际关系]
对于如何和我的新室友相处我感到困惑。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)The __________look on the teacher's face suggested she was puzzled over the __________math problem.(puzzle)
(2)Where the missing plane has gone still remains __________puzzle to the whole world.
(3)其实,我对这个问题冥思苦想了很久才豁然开朗。
Actually,I _________ ___________the problem for ages before the light suddenly dawned.
4.break away (from sb/sth) 脱离;背叛;逃脱
break down (机器)出故障;(谈判等)失败
break in 插嘴;闯入
break into 闯入;突然……起来
break out (战争、火灾等)爆发
break up 拆散;驱散;使(关系等)破裂;解散;分手
break through 取得突破;克服
【佳句背诵】The boy was so angry that he broke away from his mother and ran away.[动作描写]
这个男孩如此生气以至于他挣脱了母亲跑开了。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)It is a pity that talks between them broke __________with no agreement drawn.
(2)As the mayor's car arrived at the school,the crowd of teachers and students broke __________loud applause.
(3)She is trying to break away ___________ the bad habit,which makes her parents happy.
(4)旅途中我喜爱的一点就是我有机会去打破常规生活,并且形成一些新的生活习惯。
One of the things I love about travel is the chance to _________ ___________ _________ ___________ ___________ and form some new habits.
5.as well as 同(一样也);和;还
as well as同(一样也);和;还,在句中连接同等成分
as well as后接动词时多用动词-ing形式
当as well as连接两个主语时,谓语动词应与前一个在人称和数上保持一致
as well as...同……一样好
as well表示“也”,多置于肯定句句末
may/might as well do sth还是……的好,不妨做某事
【佳句背诵】 As well as playing the piano,I love reading and listening to music.[人物介绍]
除了弹钢琴以外,我还热爱阅读和听音乐。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)The coach,as well as the players _____________ (be) interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
(2)As well as _____________ (look) at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations and imagine themselves living at a different time in history.
(3)既然没有更多的事要做,你不妨睡觉好了。
Since there are no more things to do,you _________ ___________ _________ ___________ ___________ ___________.
6.evidence n.证据;证明
there is some evidence that...有证据证明……
evident adj.明显的;明白的
It is evident that...显然(很明显)……
evidently adv.显然,明显地;清楚地
【佳句背诵】He couldn't show enough evidence that these money belonged to him.[事件介绍]
他拿不出足够的证据证明这些钱属于他。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)It's __________(evidence) that they stay up too late studying or doing something else at night.
(2)__________(evident),air pollution is the main factor that has resulted in the frequency of bad weather.
(3)一些证据表明,大量使用智能手机会让你变得更笨。
_________ ___________ _________ ___________ ___________ heavy smartphone use makes you much slower.
7.achievement n.成就;成绩;达到
make achievement(s) 取得成就
a sense of achievement成就感
achieve vt.完成;达到 vi.成功
achieve one's success获得成功
achieve one's goal达到目标
【佳句背诵】He is known for his great achievements in the sport of football.
他因在足球运动上的成就而闻名。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Because of his hard work,the boy has made much __________(achieve) in his academics.
(2)Clearly,it takes hard work __________(achieve) your goal to become a singer.
(3)Climbing the mountain gives me __________________________(一种成就感).
(4)_____________(为了实现这一目标),food security and nutrition need to improve.
1.if any 省略句
【教材原句】So what is the difference between them,if any
那么,如果这些名称有区别的话,区别何在
if so如果是这样的话
if not如果不这样的话,如果没有
if ever如果有过/发生过的话
if possible如果有可能
if necessary如果有必要
【佳句背诵】You can write down some of your achievements in this field,if any.[提供建议]
如果有的话,你可以把你自己在这个领域的成就写下来。
【即学即练】选词填空(if ever/if possible/if not/if so)/单句写作
(1)Is anybody feeling cold __________,let us open the windows of the meeting room.
(2)The girl seldom,__________,turned to her brother for protection.
(3)Would you like to point out my mistakes in learning English by myself ___________,I will make more progress soon.
(4)I wonder if you will be available this weekend.__________,I hope to visit your new house.
(5)如果有必要的话,你可以就学习功夫方面向我求助。
_______ ___________,you can turn to me for help in your learning kung fu.
2.过去分词短语作后置定语
【教材原句】They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.
他们使用同样的旗帜,被称为“英国国旗”,也有相同的货币和军事防御。
(1)过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成
(2)单个过去分词作定语时多前置,过去分词短语作定语时多后置
(3)过去分词短语作后置定语时可转化为定语从句
【佳句背诵】In 1983,there were only 200 computers connected to the Internet.[事物介绍]
1983年,只有200台计算机连接到了互联网上。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/一句多译
(1)The garden __________(surround) by a long fence belongs to my aunt.
(2)I found it hard to understand the English __________(speak) by the native villagers.
(3)你读过狄更斯写的小说吗
→Have you read the novels ____________________by Dickens (which引导的定语从句)
→Have you read the novels ____________________by Dickens (过去分词短语作后置定语)
3.There be+主语+非谓语动词...
【教材原句】There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.
英国的历史文化引人入胜,可学之处比比皆是。
There be+主语+to do...(表示动作尚未发生)
There be+主语+doing...(表示主动和进行)
There be+主语+done...(表示被动或完成)
【佳句背诵】There are over fifty French words and phrases to learn in this period.[学校生活]
这节课,有五十多个法语单词和短语要学习。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/句式升级
(1)There are still millions of people __________(suffer) from hunger nowadays.
(2)This year,there will be some volunteers __________(help) in the remote areas.
(3)There are still a lot of medical supplies __________(donate) by the local companies.
(4)There are some students on the playground.They are playing football.
→There are some students on the playground _______________________.
班级：______________ 姓名：______________
Learn objectives:
1.Learn new words, important phrases and grammar:philosophy,individual，join...to...belong to...puzzle,as well as, evidence...
2.Use those words and expressions in daily study.
一、基础词汇
1.philosophy n.哲学
【佳句背诵】The degree of doctor of philosophy is awarded to his sister last year.[人物介绍]
去年,他姐姐被授予哲学博士学位。
2.individual adj.单独的;个别的 n.个人
【佳句背诵】Every individual has the right to make an individual decision.[观点看法]
每个人都有权利做出各自的决定。
3.join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来
【佳句背诵】You should never join an electric wire to a water pipe.[建议信]
你千万不可把电线连接在水管上。
4.belong to 属于
【佳句背诵】The teacher keeps telling his students that the future belongs to the well-educated.[人物介绍]
老师不断告诉他的学生未来属于接受了良好教育的人。
5.defence n.防御;保卫
【佳句背诵】What points can be raised in defence of this argument [提出质疑]
有什么论点能提出来为这个说法辩护呢
6.surround vt.围绕;包围
【佳句背诵】About five miles from downtown,the green village is surrounded by green fields and thick forests.[景点描写]
距离市中心大约5英里,这个绿色村庄被绿色的田野和茂密的森林所包围。
高频词汇
1.be similar to...和……相似
be similar in...在……方面相似
similar interests/views相似的兴趣/观点
similarity n.类似;相似点
be the same as...与……相同
【佳句背诵】The twins are similar to each other in appearance,but different in character.[人物介绍]
这对双胞胎在长相方面彼此相似,但是在性格上截然不同。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)In our company there are a few machines similar __________those described in this magazine.
(2)Observing carefully,you can find the two actresses are similar __________ appearance.
(3)最后,我买了一双新鞋,和从前买过的那双非常相似。
Finally,I bought a pair of new shoes which ________ __________ ________ the pair I had before.
2.allow v.允许;准许;给予;承认
allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事
allow doing sth 允许做某事
allow for 考虑到;将……计算在内
【佳句背诵】His hometown doesn't allow other buildings to be more noticeable than the historic buildings.[地点介绍]
他的家乡不允许其他建筑比这些历史建筑更引人注目。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)His parents won't allow him _________(stay) out late,which belongs to a family rule.
(2)Strictly speaking,we don't allow _________(smoke) in this lecture room.
(3)交通指示灯变绿意味着你可以过马路。
When the traffic light turns green,it means that you _________ __________ __________ __________ the street.
3.puzzle n.谜;智力游戏;疑问 vt.迷惑;使困惑
puzzle over/about...对……冥思苦想;绞尽脑汁
puzzle sth out 琢磨出……的答案
be in a puzzle (about)...(对……)不知如何是好
puzzling adj.令人迷惑的
puzzled adj.困惑的;感到迷惑的
be puzzled about...对……迷惑不解
【佳句背诵】I'm in a puzzle as to how to get along with my new roommate.[人际关系]
对于如何和我的新室友相处我感到困惑。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)The __________look on the teacher's face suggested she was puzzled over the __________math problem.(puzzle)
(2)Where the missing plane has gone still remains __________puzzle to the whole world.
(3)其实,我对这个问题冥思苦想了很久才豁然开朗。
Actually,I _________ ___________the problem for ages before the light suddenly dawned.
4.break away (from sb/sth) 脱离;背叛;逃脱
break down (机器)出故障;(谈判等)失败
break in 插嘴;闯入
break into 闯入;突然……起来
break out (战争、火灾等)爆发
break up 拆散;驱散;使(关系等)破裂;解散;分手
break through 取得突破;克服
【佳句背诵】The boy was so angry that he broke away from his mother and ran away.[动作描写]
这个男孩如此生气以至于他挣脱了母亲跑开了。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)It is a pity that talks between them broke __________with no agreement drawn.
(2)As the mayor's car arrived at the school,the crowd of teachers and students broke __________loud applause.
(3)She is trying to break away ___________ the bad habit,which makes her parents happy.
(4)旅途中我喜爱的一点就是我有机会去打破常规生活,并且形成一些新的生活习惯。
One of the things I love about travel is the chance to _________ ___________ _________ ___________ ___________ and form some new habits.
5.as well as 同(一样也);和;还
as well as同(一样也);和;还,在句中连接同等成分
as well as后接动词时多用动词-ing形式
当as well as连接两个主语时,谓语动词应与前一个在人称和数上保持一致
as well as...同……一样好
as well表示“也”,多置于肯定句句末
may/might as well do sth还是……的好,不妨做某事
【佳句背诵】 As well as playing the piano,I love reading and listening to music.[人物介绍]
除了弹钢琴以外,我还热爱阅读和听音乐。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)The coach,as well as the players _____________ (be) interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
(2)As well as _____________ (look) at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations and imagine themselves living at a different time in history.
(3)既然没有更多的事要做,你不妨睡觉好了。
Since there are no more things to do,you _________ ___________ _________ ___________ ___________ ___________.
6.evidence n.证据;证明
there is some evidence that...有证据证明……
evident adj.明显的;明白的
It is evident that...显然(很明显)……
evidently adv.显然,明显地;清楚地
【佳句背诵】He couldn't show enough evidence that these money belonged to him.[事件介绍]
他拿不出足够的证据证明这些钱属于他。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)It's __________(evidence) that they stay up too late studying or doing something else at night.
(2)__________(evident),air pollution is the main factor that has resulted in the frequency of bad weather.
(3)一些证据表明,大量使用智能手机会让你变得更笨。
_________ ___________ _________ ___________ ___________ heavy smartphone use makes you much slower.
7.achievement n.成就;成绩;达到
make achievement(s) 取得成就
a sense of achievement成就感
achieve vt.完成;达到 vi.成功
achieve one's success获得成功
achieve one's goal达到目标
【佳句背诵】He is known for his great achievements in the sport of football.
他因在足球运动上的成就而闻名。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Because of his hard work,the boy has made much __________(achieve) in his academics.
(2)Clearly,it takes hard work __________(achieve) your goal to become a singer.
(3)Climbing the mountain gives me __________________________(一种成就感).
(4)_____________(为了实现这一目标),food security and nutrition need to improve.
1.if any 省略句
【教材原句】So what is the difference between them,if any
那么,如果这些名称有区别的话,区别何在
if so如果是这样的话
if not如果不这样的话,如果没有
if ever如果有过/发生过的话
if possible如果有可能
if necessary如果有必要
【佳句背诵】You can write down some of your achievements in this field,if any.[提供建议]
如果有的话,你可以把你自己在这个领域的成就写下来。
【即学即练】选词填空(if ever/if possible/if not/if so)/单句写作
(1)Is anybody feeling cold __________,let us open the windows of the meeting room.
(2)The girl seldom,__________,turned to her brother for protection.
(3)Would you like to point out my mistakes in learning English by myself ___________,I will make more progress soon.
(4)I wonder if you will be available this weekend.__________,I hope to visit your new house.
(5)如果有必要的话,你可以就学习功夫方面向我求助。
_______ ___________,you can turn to me for help in your learning kung fu.
2.过去分词短语作后置定语
【教材原句】They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.
他们使用同样的旗帜,被称为“英国国旗”,也有相同的货币和军事防御。
(1)过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成
(2)单个过去分词作定语时多前置,过去分词短语作定语时多后置
(3)过去分词短语作后置定语时可转化为定语从句
【佳句背诵】In 1983,there were only 200 computers connected to the Internet.[事物介绍]
1983年,只有200台计算机连接到了互联网上。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/一句多译
(1)The garden __________(surround) by a long fence belongs to my aunt.
(2)I found it hard to understand the English __________(speak) by the native villagers.
(3)你读过狄更斯写的小说吗
→Have you read the novels ____________________by Dickens (which引导的定语从句)
→Have you read the novels ____________________by Dickens (过去分词短语作后置定语)
3.There be+主语+非谓语动词...
【教材原句】There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.
英国的历史文化引人入胜,可学之处比比皆是。
There be+主语+to do...(表示动作尚未发生)
There be+主语+doing...(表示主动和进行)
There be+主语+done...(表示被动或完成)
【佳句背诵】There are over fifty French words and phrases to learn in this period.[学校生活]
这节课,有五十多个法语单词和短语要学习。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/句式升级
(1)There are still millions of people __________(suffer) from hunger nowadays.
(2)This year,there will be some volunteers __________(help) in the remote areas.
(3)There are still a lot of medical supplies __________(donate) by the local companies.
(4)There are some students on the playground.They are playing football.
→There are some students on the playground _______________________.