时间争抢度/精力专注度/答题快速度/答案准确度/书写规范度/得分满意度
Clues in Gap-filling
Learning Objectives
1. Understand the characteristics of gap-filling.
2. Learn about three kinds of cohesion---lexical,grammatical and structural cohesion.
3.Master and use the skills of gap-filling.
4.Apply the theory of cohesion to set a gap-filling task.
Step1析课标 联语篇
What is the gap-filling task designed to test
Step 2 研真题抓衔接Types & Methods
Lexical cohesion 词汇衔接
例题1. (2020全国课标卷III)
37 . Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local store or stores.Some common things people will put on gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn't a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant.
A. This isn't usual though.
B. It is traditional to bring a gift to housewarming party.
C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D. If you're lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
技巧点拨：
例题2 (2021年新高考卷)The place wasn't entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing(水管) worked. 37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it's a shame I don't have much use for it.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
技巧点拨：
例题3( 2018全国课标卷Ⅱ)
Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 37
E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.
例题4 (2017年6月浙江卷)
The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. 31 But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.
D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.
技巧点拨：
二、语法衔接 grammatical cohesion
例题5(2019全国课标卷II)
Your personal circumstances are equally important.For example, you may want to be a pilot but can't become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 40 You should reassess your goal. and motivate yourself set a fresh goal.
B. So how should you motivate yourself
C. However, this should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals
E. They can change according to circumstances.
技巧点拨：
例题6 .The need for a strong association between Europe's cohesion(凝聚)policies has been stressed. 39 .This will also help in adopting the measures expected to fight against the problem of the brain drain .
B. These can help in drafting and carrying out local policies.
D. It came up with a list of best practices for fighting against the brain drain.
G. Such a policy should help in promoting an even development across the regions of Europe.
技巧点拨：
三、结构衔接structural cohesion
例题7 (2016 全国卷Ⅱ)
37
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants.However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years.
·Recall(回忆)your childhood memories
...
A. Know why you garden
B. Find a good place for your own garden
技巧点拨：
例题8(2020·新高考卷)
40 It's rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer.” On the other hand, you probably can’t count the times that you’ve thought, “I'm glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever!”So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.
B.You want to be an effective public speaker.
C.You don't need to apologize for a minor slip.
D.When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners.
技巧点拨：
例题9(2018浙江卷)
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience.Of course, you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood.The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.__31__
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property (房产) neat, clean, and in good repair.
B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.
C.Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
G.Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.
技巧点拨：
Step 3 Summary
Step 4 依理论 巧设空
1.In this globalized era, it has become more and more common to work, live, befriend, and even create families with people of diverse backgrounds. In this sense, understanding how to bridge cultural gaps among various diverse groups is important. The better we understand each other, the less misunderstanding would occur.Here are some suggestions which help.
·Recognize cultural differences.
2.Be as open-minded as possible. Recognize cultural differences among the people you are communicating with.Know that the behaviors are based on cultural backgrounds before you know the person more in depth. It is a way to respect their differences.
·Show respect.
3.Every culture has a very special way to show respect.Some cultures show it more physically, like bowing in Japan .Others are less physical, but more on the verbal level, like in most Western cultures. Respect the way people express respect.
·Speak clearly.
4.Speaking clearly means using concrete words, not abstract words, which can often confuse those who speak English as a foreign or second language. Use a calm and soft intonation as well,as people tend to take in information better when listening to a calming tone.
· Clarify and ask for clarification
5.With awareness and understanding of cultural differences, asking for clarification should not be hard. Offer clarification as well, so the person would feel you are doing your best to communicate meaningfully.
6.In short, bridging cultural gaps requires a respectful and honest communication where clarifying and asking for clarifications should come naturally.The way you communicate is of great importance.So is the final quality of the result.
Step5. Homework
2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. 16 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 17 Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 18
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 19 That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliche (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. 20 We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A．A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C．They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D．It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E．It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F．Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G．Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.(共30张PPT)
Clues
in Gap Filling
——七选五中上下求“索”
1
3
5
4
2
A
C
E
D
B
Step1 Leading-in let's play a jigsaw puzzle
Learning objectives学习目标
1. Understand the characteristics of gap-filling.
2. Learn about three kinds of cohesion---lexical,grammatical and structural cohesion.
3.Master and use the skills of gap-filling.
4.Apply the theory of cohesion to set a gap-filling task.
由表及里——缩小选项范围
What is the gap-filling task designed to test
Activity 1析课标 联语篇
七选五题型解读考查目的：阅读理解“七选五”题型主要考查考生对文章的整体内容、结构及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。
考试说明解读：该题型的实质是句子填空，考生将句子空白补充完整，使语篇内容合情，逻辑合理，行文合法。考查考生既要在整体上对语篇(Discourse)结构进行宏观把握，又要在词汇、语法、逻辑等衔接 (Cohesion) 方式进行微观分析的能力。
Discourse 语篇
Activity 1析课标 联语篇
Cohesion衔接
结构
逻辑
内容
衔接(Cohesion) 是篇章的一种语言显性特征，是篇章的有形网络。语篇衔接的实现主要依赖三种手段即词汇衔接、语法衔接和结构衔接。
Activity 1析课标 联语篇
考情分析
年份 卷别 主题语境 语篇类型 主要内容 设空位置 段首 段中 段尾
2023 新高考I卷 人与自我 说明文 自我宽恕， 增强自信 0 4 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 人与社会 说明文 开始艺术之旅的好建议 1 3 1
2022 新高考Ⅰ卷 人与社会 说明文 如何找到锻炼伙伴 0 4 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 人与社会 说明文 介绍写文章的技巧 1 4 0
2021 新高考Ⅰ卷 人与自我 记叙文 夫妇两人在巴黎的居住感受 1 4 0
新高考Ⅱ卷 人与社会 说明文 介绍提高阅读速度的建议 1 2 2
2020 全国卷Ⅰ 人与自我 说明文 介绍一些自我接纳的小技巧 1 3 1
全国卷Ⅱ 人与社会 说明文 介绍表情符号及在工作中的优势 1 4 0
全国卷Ⅲ 人与社会 说明文 介绍乔迁派对 2 2 1
Activity 2研真题抓衔接
1. 37 . Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local store or stores.Some common things people will put on gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn't a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant.A. This isn't usual though.
B. It is traditional to bring a gift to housewarming party. C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.D. If you're lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
Activity 2研真题 抓衔接
技巧点拨：
例题1(2020全国课标卷III)
B
词汇衔接,原词复现 words repetition
Activity 2研真题抓衔接
The place wasn't entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing(水管) worked. 37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it's a shame I don't have much use for it.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
Activity 2研真题抓衔接
技巧点拨:
例题2(2021年新高考卷)
上下义词复现Words of hyponym 总括与分述的词汇复现
3. ( 2018全国课标卷Ⅱ) Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 37
E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.
4. (2017年6月浙江卷) The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. 31 But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.
D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.
词汇衔接: 同/近义词复现Words of similar meaning 反义词复现Words of Antony
Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 37
E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.
The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. 31 But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.
D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.
技巧点拨:
Activity 2研真题 抓衔接
例题3( 2018全国课标卷Ⅱ)
例题4(2017年6月浙江卷)
词汇衔接 同/近义词复现words of similar meanings
反义词复现words of antonym
词汇衔接
Lexical cohesion
原词复现 words of repetition
衔接
Grammatical cohesion
语法衔接
同义词复现 words of similar meaning
上下义词复现words of hyponym
反义词复现 words of autonomy
词汇衔接
Lexical cohesion
原词复现 words of repetition
衔接
Grammatical cohesion
语法衔接
同义词复现words of similar meaning
上下义词复现words of hyponym
反义词复现 words of antonym
照应reference
连接词conjunction
5.(2019全国课标卷II) Your personal circumstances are equally important.For example, you may want to be a pilot but can't become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 40 Yo u should reassess your goal. and motivate yourself set a fresh goal.
B. So how should you motivate yourself
C. However, this should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals
E. They can change according to circumstances.
语法衔接：指示代词照应 表转折关系连接词
Your personal circumstances are equally important.For example, you may want to be a pilot but can't become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 40 You should reassess your goal. and motivate yourself set a fresh goal.
B. So how should you motivate yourself
C. However, this should not discourage you.D. So why should we try to set specific goals E. They can change according to circumstances.
技巧点拨:
Activity 2研真题 抓衔接
例题5(2019全国课标卷II)
语法衔接：指示代词照应 表转折关系连接词
课程导入
01
Loren gypsum dolor sit mate, consecrate disciplinary lit.
the need for a strong association between Europe's cohesion(凝聚)policies has been stressed. 39 .This will also help in adopting the measures expected to fight against the problem of the brain drain .
B. These can help in drafting and carrying out local policies.
D. It came up with a list of best practices for fighting against the brain drain.
G. Such a policy should help in promoting an even development across the regions of Europe.
G
技巧点拨:
例题6
Activity 2研真题 抓衔接
语法衔接：表并列关系连接词also
连接词 Conjunction
表示转折关系的关联词
如 however, but, although, though, while, instead,等表示因果关系的关联词
如so, therefore, hence, consequently, then, thus 等表示解释关系的关联词
如 in other words, in fact, for example, actually等表示并列或递进关系的关联词
如 also, besides, in addition to, what is more, in addition,等表示比较关系的关联词
如 similarly, like, likewise, in the same way, equally 等表示对照关系的关联词
如on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand等表示总结关系的关联词
如so far, altogether, overall, in short, to sum up等
连接词 Conjunction
表示转折关系的关联词 如 however, but, although, though, while, instead等
表示因果关系的关联词 如so, therefore, hence, consequently, then, thus 等
表示解释关系的关联词 如 in other words, in fact, for example, actually等
表示并列或递进关系的关联词 如 also, besides, in addition to, what is more, in addition,等
表示比较关系的关联词 如 similarly, like, likewise, in the same way, equally 等
表示对照关系的关联词 如on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand等
表示总结关系的关联词 如so far, altogether, overall, in short, to sum up等
词汇衔接
Lexical cohesion
原词复现 words of repetition
衔接
以说明文为例
结构衔接
Grammatical cohesion
语法衔接
同义词复现words of similar meaning
上下义词复现words of hyponym
反义词复现 words of autonomy
照应reference
连接词conjunction
Structural cohesion
the structure of exposition
The structure of exposition
主题明确 结构清晰 逻辑严密
课程导入
01
Loren gypsum dolor sit mate, consecrate disciplinary lit.
例题7 关注小标题(2016 全国卷Ⅱ)
· 37
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants.However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years.
·Recall(回忆)your childhood memories
...
A. Know why you garden
B. Find a good place for your own garden
A
技巧点拨——
Activity 2研真题 抓衔接
结构衔接：小标题：短小精悍；结构一致
课程导入
01
Loren gypsum dolor sit mate, consecrate disciplinary lit.
段首句 例题8(2020·新高考卷)
40 It's rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer.” On the other hand, you probably can’t count the times that you’ve thought, “I'm glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever!”So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.
B.You want to be an effective public speaker.
C.You don't need to apologize for a minor slip.
D.When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners.
D
技巧点拨——
Activity 2研真题 抓衔接
段首句：概括文段，总结大意
课程导入
01
Loren gypsum dolor sit mate, consecrate disciplinary lit.
段尾句 例题9(2018浙江卷)
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience.Of course, you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood.The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.__31__
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property (房产) neat, clean, and in good repair.
B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.
C.Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
G.Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.
G
技巧点拨——
Activity 2研真题 抓衔接
段尾句：总结全文；承上启下
衔接
词汇衔接
语法衔接
结构衔接
原词复现 words of repetition
上下义词复现words of hyponym
上下义词复现words of hyponym
反义词复现 words of autonym
照应reference
连接词conjunction
the structure of exposition
Step 3 Summary
Work in groups of 6 students:
1. Pay attention to the distribution of the gaps.
2. Use the clues referred to in this class.
3. Prepare your design in 6 minutes.
Design your own Gap Filling!
“别出心裁”
Assignments:
Activity 3 依理论 巧设空
1. In this globalized era, it has become more and more common to work, live, befriend, and even create families with people of diverse backgrounds. In this sense, understanding how to bridge cultural gaps among various diverse groups is important. The better we understand each other, the less misunderstanding would occur.Here are some suggestions which help. ·Recognize cultural differences. 2. Be as open-minded as possible. Recognize cultural differences among the people you are communicating with.Know that the behaviors are based on cultural backgrounds before you know the person more in depth. It is a way to respect their differences.·Show respect. 3. Every culture has a very special way to show respect.Some cultures show it more physically, like bowing in Japan .Others are less physical, but more on the verbal level, like in most Western cultures. Respect the way people express respect.·Speak clearly. 4. Speaking clearly means using concrete words, not abstract words, which can often confuse those who speak English as a foreign or second language. Use a calm and soft intonation as well,as people tend to take in information better when listening to a calming tone.· Clarify and ask for clarification 5. With awareness and understanding of cultural differences, asking for clarification should not be hard. Offer clarification as well, so the person would feel you are doing your best to communicate meaningfully. 6. In short, bridging cultural gaps requires a respectful and honest communication where clarifying and asking for clarifications should come naturally.The way you communicate is of great importance.So is the final quality of the results
In this globalized era, it has become more and more common to work, live, befriend, and even create families with people of diverse backgrounds. In this sense, understanding how to bridge cultural gaps among various diverse groups is important. The better we understand each other, the less misunderstanding would occur.Here are some suggestions which help. ·Recognize cultural differences. Be as open-minded as possible. Recognize cultural differences among the people you are communicating with.Know that the behaviors are based on cultural backgrounds before you know the person more in depth. It is a way to respect their differences.
1. In this globalized era, it has become more and more common to work, live, befriend, and even create families with people of diverse backgrounds. In this sense, understanding how to bridge cultural gaps among various diverse groups is important. The better we understand each other, the less misunderstanding would occur.Here are some suggestions which help. ·Recognize cultural differences. 2. Be as open-minded as possible. Recognize cultural differences among the people you are communicating with.Know that the behaviors are based on cultural backgrounds before you know the person more in depth. It is a way to respect their differences.
In this globalized era, it has become more and more common to work, live, befriend, and even create families with people of diverse backgrounds. In this sense, understanding how to bridge cultural gaps among various diverse groups is important. The better we understand each other, the less misunderstanding would occur.Here are some suggestions which help. ·Recognize cultural differences. Be as open-minded as possible. Recognize cultural differences among the people you are communicating with.Know that the behaviors are based on cultural backgrounds before you know the person more in depth. It is a way to respect their differences.
·Show respect. 3. Every culture has a very special way to show respect.Some cultures show it more physically, like bowing in Japan .Others are less physical, but more on the verbal level, like in most Western cultures. Respect the way people express respect.·Speak clearly. 4. Speaking clearly means using concrete words, not abstract words, which can often confuse those who speak English as a foreign or second language. Use a calm and soft intonation as well,as people tend to take in information better when listening to a calming tone.
In this globalized era, it has become more and more common to work, live, befriend, and even create families with people of diverse backgrounds. In this sense, understanding how to bridge cultural gaps among various diverse groups is important. The better we understand each other, the less misunderstanding would occur.Here are some suggestions which help. ·Recognize cultural differences. Be as open-minded as possible. Recognize cultural differences among the people you are communicating with.Know that the behaviors are based on cultural backgrounds before you know the person more in depth. It is a way to respect their differences.
· Clarify and ask for clarification 5. With awareness and understanding of cultural differences, asking for clarification should not be hard. Offer clarification as well, so the person would feel you are doing your best to communicate meaningfully. 6. In short, bridging cultural gaps requires a respectful and honest communication where clarifying and asking for clarifications should come naturally.The way you communicate is of great importance.So is the final quality of the results
Homework
2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷
衔接
词汇衔接
语法衔接
结构衔接
原词复现 words of repetition
上下义词复现words of hyponym
上下义词复现words of hyponym
反义词复现 words of autonym
照应reference
连接词conjunction
the structure of exposition
Thank you！
