2024年中考英语人教版一轮复习专题讲义 学案 第1讲 冠词
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| 更新时间 | 2024-03-11 21:31:35 | ||
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专题四 不可忽视的小词
第1讲 冠词
根据广东近五年的考情分析，冠词的题目设置主要在语法选择和短文填空中，2020～2023年语法选择每年分别考了1题(1分)；这四年的短文填空中都没有考查冠词。冠词只可能在语法选择和短文填空两种题型中考查，但在回答问题题型中注意不要漏掉冠词。
年份 语法选择 短文填空
2023 36－冠词区分：不定冠词a —
2022 38－冠词区分：不定冠词a —
2021 35－冠词区分：不定冠词an —
2020 38－冠词区分：定冠词the —
2019 — 78－不定冠词a(固定搭配a lot of)
冠词是一种虚词，本身不能独立使用，只能与名词放在一起帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。冠词包括不定冠词(a，an)、定冠词(the)和零冠词(名词前不用冠词)。
考点一 不定冠词a/an
(一)不定冠词a/an的用法
不定冠词a，an 一般有any或one 的意思，但不强调数目概念，用于单数名词前，表泛指。
用法 例句
第一次提到某人或某物 I saw a bird in the tree.我看见树上有只鸟。
表示数量“一”，但数的概念没有one强烈 He has got an apple and a pear.他有一个苹果和一个梨。
a/an＋单数名词，表示人或事物的某一种类 A plane goes faster than a train.飞机比火车快。
指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物 A boy is waiting for a bus at the bus stop.一个男孩正在公交站等公交车。
用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词前，表示“每一” fifty kilometers an hour每小时50千米
用于序数词前，a＋序数词，表示“又一；再一” This pear is very sweet and I want a second one.这个梨很甜，我还想再吃一个。
用在某些物质名词前，表示“一阵，一场” A heavy rain fell this morning.今天早晨下了一场大雨。
用于抽象名词前，表示具体的人或事物 Working with you is a great pleasure.和你一起工作是一件非常愉快的事情。
(二)不定冠词a和an的区别
a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前 a tiger，a European country，a university
an用于以元音音素开头的单词前 an apple，an hour，an honest boy
注意 判断一个单词前用 a 还是 an，是根据其读音，而不是根据其首字母。如下所示：
u开头的单词 发/ju：/时用a a university，a useful book
发/ /时用an an umbrella，an unusual story，an unhappy boy
单个字母或以这些字母开头的缩略词 a B，C，D，G，J，K，P，Q，T，U，V，W，Y，Z
an A，E，F，H，I，L，M，N，O，R，S，X
【知识必备】
不定冠词a/an的固定搭配
用不定冠词a/an填空
1．(2023·天津改编) My mother is making an apple pie and I want to try a piece.
2．(2023·四川成都改编)The 31st Summer Universiade(大运会) is a big event for Chengdu.
3．—What are you going to be when you grow up，Lily
—I’m going to be an astronaut like Wang Yaping.
4．What a sunny day！Luckily，I bring an umbrella to protect myself from the sunlight and heat.
5．Why not try a second time
6．Zhang Guimei is an unusual teacher.She set up the first free girls’ high school in 2008.
考点二 定冠词
定冠词 the 与指示代词 this 和 that 同源，有“那(这)个”“那(这)些”的意思，但较弱，和名词连用，特指某个或某些人或物。
用法 例句
用于特指某(些)人或某(些)物(有限制性定语修饰) The man in a blue shirt is my uncle. 穿着蓝色衬衣的男士是我的叔叔。
说话双方都知道的人或物 Please pass the sugar to me.请把糖递给我。
上文提到过的人或物 There is a boy over there and the boy is crying. 有一个男孩在那边，那个男孩正在哭。
用于世界上独一无二的事物前 The sun is bigger than the moon.太阳比月亮大。
用于序数词或形容词最高级前 He is the first one to be here.他是第一个到这的人。 Who is the tallest？谁是最高的？
the＋姓氏的复数形式，表示一家人或夫妇俩 The Whites are watching TV.怀特一家正在看电视。
the＋形容词，表示一类人 the poor穷人the rich富人the young年轻人
用于表示方位的名词前 in the east/south/west/north在东/南/西/北部 on the right在右边
用于表示被演奏的西洋乐器的名词前 play the piano/violin/guitar/drum 弹钢琴/拉小提琴/弹吉他/打鼓
用于某些普通名词构成的专有名词前 the Great Wall长城 the Yellow River黄河 the United States美国
用于next，last，same，only等词前 She is the only child in her family.她是家里唯一的孩子。
【知识必备】
定冠词the的固定搭配
1．(2023·山东滨州)—What do you think of the guide book Lonely Planet
—Oh，it is really useful one.You can always find information you need while traveling.
A．a；a B．an；an C．a；the D．an；the
答案 C
2．(2023·四川达州)—Hi，Lily，have you ever heard of Zibo， city in center of Shandong Province，is known for its barbecue these days
—Sure.I expect to visit it and have a taste of the special food.
A．a；a B．a；the C．the；the
答案 B
3．－Beijing is only city to hold the Summer Olympics and the Winter Olympics.
－Yes，so it’s called city of “Double Olympics”．
A．an；a B．the；the C．an；the D．the；an
答案 B
4．This is story of friendship.Let’s read story together.
A．a；an B．an；a C．an；the D．a；the
答案 D
考点三 零冠词
名词前不用冠词的情况：
用法 例句
不可数名词表泛指不用冠词(特指时加定冠词the) Milk can help you keep healthy. 牛奶可以帮助你保持健康。 I like the music of the film.我喜欢电影中的音乐。
复数名词表类别 Pandas are lovely animals.熊猫是可爱的动物。
人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前 Tony托尼 Guangzhou广州 China中国 Asia亚洲
学科、语言类名词前 Chemistry is easy for him to learn. 化学对于他来说很容易学。
职位、头衔、称呼等名词前(称呼语前不用修饰词时，在句中要大写) Will you come home for dinner，Mom？ 妈妈，你回家吃晚饭吗？
星期、月份、季节、节日前(day构成的节日不加the，festival构成的节日加the) We have a piano lesson on Tuesday.我们周二上钢琴课。 Children’s Day 儿童节 the Spring Festival春节
球类、棋类名词前 Can you play basketball？你会打篮球吗？
三餐前(注：三餐前如有形容词修饰，则需用a/an) have breakfast/lunch/dinner吃早餐/午餐/晚餐 have a big dinner吃大餐
名词前已有作定语用的指示代词、物主代词或名词所有格，不用冠词 She likes seeing this film.她喜欢看这部电影。 This is her first time to come to China.这是她第一次来中国。
by＋交通工具，名词前不加冠词 by bus 乘公共汽车 by plane 乘飞机
【知识必备】
零冠词的固定搭配
注意
(1)表“一类”，a/an＋单数名词＝the＋单数名词＝复数名词。
A dog is a useful animal.＝ The dog is a useful animal.＝ Dogs are useful animals.
(2)有些短语使用冠词和不使用冠词时含义不同。
无定冠词 有定冠词
at table 在吃饭 at the table 在桌子旁
in class 在上课 in the class 在班级里
at/in school 在上学 at/in the school 在学校里(不一定是学生)
by sea 乘船 by the sea 在海边
in bed (睡、病、躺)在床上 in the bed 在床上
in front of 在(外部的)前面 in the front of 在(内部的)前面
in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院里(不一定是住院)
on earth 究竟 on the Earth 在地球上
(3)有些短语使用了不同的冠词，其含义也不同。
短语 含义 用法 例句
a number of 许多 后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数 A number of students are cheering the players on.很多学生在为运动员们加油。
the number of ……的数目 后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用单数 The number of students in our class is forty-two.我们班的学生人数是四十二。
a＋序数词 又一；再一 表示数量上的增加 She’s got two apples，but she wants to have a third one.她有两个苹果，但她还想再要一个。
the＋序数词 第几 表示顺序 He is the third student to get the prize.他是第三个获得此奖的学生。
1．(2023·江苏扬州)Yangzhou is city full of history，culture and mouthwatering food.
A．the；a B．a；a C．the；the D．a；/
答案 D
2．—How are you going to be writer
—I’m going to keep on writing stories.
A．a；/ B．/；the C．a；the
答案 A
3．Eric is not going to Nanjing by plane.Instead，he is taking train.
A．/；a B．a；/ C．a；the D．the；a
答案 A
4．My brother Tom can play ping-pong well，but he can’t play violin.
A．the；/ B．the；the C．/；the
答案 C
冠词在语法选择中主要考查其基本用法，其中考查特指和泛指居多。做题时要特别注意观察空格后的名词，如第一次提到，用a或an；如前面已经有所提及或是表示特指用the。
1．(2023·广东)David has been to many space camps over the last eight years. Last month，he went to new space camp.
A．a B．an C．the
答案 A
解析 分析可知，此处泛指一个新的太空营，且new以辅音音素开头，用a。故选A。
2．(2022·广东)And she was always the last one to go to bed.Sometimes when she was so tired that she felt like crying，she would find quiet place and cry out loud.
A．a B．an C．the
答案 A
解析 此处泛指一个地方，“quiet”首字母发辅音音素，故选A。
3．(2021·广东)Along the river，there’s eight-kilometer-long wooden walkway.
A．/ B．a C．an D．the
答案 C
解析 此处表示一个木栈道，表泛指，且eight是发音以元音音素开头的单词，故选C。
[对点训练]
Matt Owens of New Zealand was on his way home one day when he saw an injured(受伤的) bird on the side of the road. 1 poor bird looked very lonely，so Matt decided to take it home and bring it back to health.And he gave it 2 name: Swoop.
After spending plenty of time caring for his new friend，Matt helped it walk and even fly.Finally，it was time to set Swoop free back into 3 wild，but it chose to stay with Matt and his cat Mowgli instead!
At 4 beginning，Matt didn’t want to introduce Swoop to Mowgli because he was afraid Mowgli might not like it.But since Swoop was part of their family，Matt sat down with Mowgli and helped 5 cat accept his new brother.
It worked out perfectly！Today，Swoop gets on well with Mowgli.And Swoop has made Matt’s life better!
1．A.A B．An C．The
2．A.a B．an C．the
3．A.a B．an C．the
4．A.a B．an C．the
5．A.a B．an C．the
答案 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.C
冠词在短文填空中主要考查其基本用法和固定搭配。自2020年出现语法选择题型后，近四年未在短文填空题型中考查。
(2019·广东)On the ground of the village，Grandpa Huang has painted lot of well-known Chinese sayings.
答案 a
解析 根据固定搭配a lot of可知，此处填a。
[对点训练]
How to properly face and deal with unlucky things The following boy sets 1.a good example for us.2.An 11-year-old boy called Jaden Hayes went through two worst things.First，his father died of cancer when he was four.Soon after，he lost his left leg in a traffic accident.And he had to walk with a walking stick and his right leg.After 3.the most difficult time，he began to turn his sadness for the better.Then Jaden asked his mother to buy 4.a lot of little toys and he wanted to give 5.the toys away.“I’m trying to make people smile，” said Jaden.
第1讲 冠词
根据广东近五年的考情分析，冠词的题目设置主要在语法选择和短文填空中，2020～2023年语法选择每年分别考了1题(1分)；这四年的短文填空中都没有考查冠词。冠词只可能在语法选择和短文填空两种题型中考查，但在回答问题题型中注意不要漏掉冠词。
年份 语法选择 短文填空
2023 36－冠词区分：不定冠词a —
2022 38－冠词区分：不定冠词a —
2021 35－冠词区分：不定冠词an —
2020 38－冠词区分：定冠词the —
2019 — 78－不定冠词a(固定搭配a lot of)
冠词是一种虚词，本身不能独立使用，只能与名词放在一起帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。冠词包括不定冠词(a，an)、定冠词(the)和零冠词(名词前不用冠词)。
考点一 不定冠词a/an
(一)不定冠词a/an的用法
不定冠词a，an 一般有any或one 的意思，但不强调数目概念，用于单数名词前，表泛指。
用法 例句
第一次提到某人或某物 I saw a bird in the tree.我看见树上有只鸟。
表示数量“一”，但数的概念没有one强烈 He has got an apple and a pear.他有一个苹果和一个梨。
a/an＋单数名词，表示人或事物的某一种类 A plane goes faster than a train.飞机比火车快。
指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物 A boy is waiting for a bus at the bus stop.一个男孩正在公交站等公交车。
用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词前，表示“每一” fifty kilometers an hour每小时50千米
用于序数词前，a＋序数词，表示“又一；再一” This pear is very sweet and I want a second one.这个梨很甜，我还想再吃一个。
用在某些物质名词前，表示“一阵，一场” A heavy rain fell this morning.今天早晨下了一场大雨。
用于抽象名词前，表示具体的人或事物 Working with you is a great pleasure.和你一起工作是一件非常愉快的事情。
(二)不定冠词a和an的区别
a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前 a tiger，a European country，a university
an用于以元音音素开头的单词前 an apple，an hour，an honest boy
注意 判断一个单词前用 a 还是 an，是根据其读音，而不是根据其首字母。如下所示：
u开头的单词 发/ju：/时用a a university，a useful book
发/ /时用an an umbrella，an unusual story，an unhappy boy
单个字母或以这些字母开头的缩略词 a B，C，D，G，J，K，P，Q，T，U，V，W，Y，Z
an A，E，F，H，I，L，M，N，O，R，S，X
【知识必备】
不定冠词a/an的固定搭配
用不定冠词a/an填空
1．(2023·天津改编) My mother is making an apple pie and I want to try a piece.
2．(2023·四川成都改编)The 31st Summer Universiade(大运会) is a big event for Chengdu.
3．—What are you going to be when you grow up，Lily
—I’m going to be an astronaut like Wang Yaping.
4．What a sunny day！Luckily，I bring an umbrella to protect myself from the sunlight and heat.
5．Why not try a second time
6．Zhang Guimei is an unusual teacher.She set up the first free girls’ high school in 2008.
考点二 定冠词
定冠词 the 与指示代词 this 和 that 同源，有“那(这)个”“那(这)些”的意思，但较弱，和名词连用，特指某个或某些人或物。
用法 例句
用于特指某(些)人或某(些)物(有限制性定语修饰) The man in a blue shirt is my uncle. 穿着蓝色衬衣的男士是我的叔叔。
说话双方都知道的人或物 Please pass the sugar to me.请把糖递给我。
上文提到过的人或物 There is a boy over there and the boy is crying. 有一个男孩在那边，那个男孩正在哭。
用于世界上独一无二的事物前 The sun is bigger than the moon.太阳比月亮大。
用于序数词或形容词最高级前 He is the first one to be here.他是第一个到这的人。 Who is the tallest？谁是最高的？
the＋姓氏的复数形式，表示一家人或夫妇俩 The Whites are watching TV.怀特一家正在看电视。
the＋形容词，表示一类人 the poor穷人the rich富人the young年轻人
用于表示方位的名词前 in the east/south/west/north在东/南/西/北部 on the right在右边
用于表示被演奏的西洋乐器的名词前 play the piano/violin/guitar/drum 弹钢琴/拉小提琴/弹吉他/打鼓
用于某些普通名词构成的专有名词前 the Great Wall长城 the Yellow River黄河 the United States美国
用于next，last，same，only等词前 She is the only child in her family.她是家里唯一的孩子。
【知识必备】
定冠词the的固定搭配
1．(2023·山东滨州)—What do you think of the guide book Lonely Planet
—Oh，it is really useful one.You can always find information you need while traveling.
A．a；a B．an；an C．a；the D．an；the
答案 C
2．(2023·四川达州)—Hi，Lily，have you ever heard of Zibo， city in center of Shandong Province，is known for its barbecue these days
—Sure.I expect to visit it and have a taste of the special food.
A．a；a B．a；the C．the；the
答案 B
3．－Beijing is only city to hold the Summer Olympics and the Winter Olympics.
－Yes，so it’s called city of “Double Olympics”．
A．an；a B．the；the C．an；the D．the；an
答案 B
4．This is story of friendship.Let’s read story together.
A．a；an B．an；a C．an；the D．a；the
答案 D
考点三 零冠词
名词前不用冠词的情况：
用法 例句
不可数名词表泛指不用冠词(特指时加定冠词the) Milk can help you keep healthy. 牛奶可以帮助你保持健康。 I like the music of the film.我喜欢电影中的音乐。
复数名词表类别 Pandas are lovely animals.熊猫是可爱的动物。
人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前 Tony托尼 Guangzhou广州 China中国 Asia亚洲
学科、语言类名词前 Chemistry is easy for him to learn. 化学对于他来说很容易学。
职位、头衔、称呼等名词前(称呼语前不用修饰词时，在句中要大写) Will you come home for dinner，Mom？ 妈妈，你回家吃晚饭吗？
星期、月份、季节、节日前(day构成的节日不加the，festival构成的节日加the) We have a piano lesson on Tuesday.我们周二上钢琴课。 Children’s Day 儿童节 the Spring Festival春节
球类、棋类名词前 Can you play basketball？你会打篮球吗？
三餐前(注：三餐前如有形容词修饰，则需用a/an) have breakfast/lunch/dinner吃早餐/午餐/晚餐 have a big dinner吃大餐
名词前已有作定语用的指示代词、物主代词或名词所有格，不用冠词 She likes seeing this film.她喜欢看这部电影。 This is her first time to come to China.这是她第一次来中国。
by＋交通工具，名词前不加冠词 by bus 乘公共汽车 by plane 乘飞机
【知识必备】
零冠词的固定搭配
注意
(1)表“一类”，a/an＋单数名词＝the＋单数名词＝复数名词。
A dog is a useful animal.＝ The dog is a useful animal.＝ Dogs are useful animals.
(2)有些短语使用冠词和不使用冠词时含义不同。
无定冠词 有定冠词
at table 在吃饭 at the table 在桌子旁
in class 在上课 in the class 在班级里
at/in school 在上学 at/in the school 在学校里(不一定是学生)
by sea 乘船 by the sea 在海边
in bed (睡、病、躺)在床上 in the bed 在床上
in front of 在(外部的)前面 in the front of 在(内部的)前面
in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院里(不一定是住院)
on earth 究竟 on the Earth 在地球上
(3)有些短语使用了不同的冠词，其含义也不同。
短语 含义 用法 例句
a number of 许多 后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数 A number of students are cheering the players on.很多学生在为运动员们加油。
the number of ……的数目 后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用单数 The number of students in our class is forty-two.我们班的学生人数是四十二。
a＋序数词 又一；再一 表示数量上的增加 She’s got two apples，but she wants to have a third one.她有两个苹果，但她还想再要一个。
the＋序数词 第几 表示顺序 He is the third student to get the prize.他是第三个获得此奖的学生。
1．(2023·江苏扬州)Yangzhou is city full of history，culture and mouthwatering food.
A．the；a B．a；a C．the；the D．a；/
答案 D
2．—How are you going to be writer
—I’m going to keep on writing stories.
A．a；/ B．/；the C．a；the
答案 A
3．Eric is not going to Nanjing by plane.Instead，he is taking train.
A．/；a B．a；/ C．a；the D．the；a
答案 A
4．My brother Tom can play ping-pong well，but he can’t play violin.
A．the；/ B．the；the C．/；the
答案 C
冠词在语法选择中主要考查其基本用法，其中考查特指和泛指居多。做题时要特别注意观察空格后的名词，如第一次提到，用a或an；如前面已经有所提及或是表示特指用the。
1．(2023·广东)David has been to many space camps over the last eight years. Last month，he went to new space camp.
A．a B．an C．the
答案 A
解析 分析可知，此处泛指一个新的太空营，且new以辅音音素开头，用a。故选A。
2．(2022·广东)And she was always the last one to go to bed.Sometimes when she was so tired that she felt like crying，she would find quiet place and cry out loud.
A．a B．an C．the
答案 A
解析 此处泛指一个地方，“quiet”首字母发辅音音素，故选A。
3．(2021·广东)Along the river，there’s eight-kilometer-long wooden walkway.
A．/ B．a C．an D．the
答案 C
解析 此处表示一个木栈道，表泛指，且eight是发音以元音音素开头的单词，故选C。
[对点训练]
Matt Owens of New Zealand was on his way home one day when he saw an injured(受伤的) bird on the side of the road. 1 poor bird looked very lonely，so Matt decided to take it home and bring it back to health.And he gave it 2 name: Swoop.
After spending plenty of time caring for his new friend，Matt helped it walk and even fly.Finally，it was time to set Swoop free back into 3 wild，but it chose to stay with Matt and his cat Mowgli instead!
At 4 beginning，Matt didn’t want to introduce Swoop to Mowgli because he was afraid Mowgli might not like it.But since Swoop was part of their family，Matt sat down with Mowgli and helped 5 cat accept his new brother.
It worked out perfectly！Today，Swoop gets on well with Mowgli.And Swoop has made Matt’s life better!
1．A.A B．An C．The
2．A.a B．an C．the
3．A.a B．an C．the
4．A.a B．an C．the
5．A.a B．an C．the
答案 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.C
冠词在短文填空中主要考查其基本用法和固定搭配。自2020年出现语法选择题型后，近四年未在短文填空题型中考查。
(2019·广东)On the ground of the village，Grandpa Huang has painted lot of well-known Chinese sayings.
答案 a
解析 根据固定搭配a lot of可知，此处填a。
[对点训练]
How to properly face and deal with unlucky things The following boy sets 1.a good example for us.2.An 11-year-old boy called Jaden Hayes went through two worst things.First，his father died of cancer when he was four.Soon after，he lost his left leg in a traffic accident.And he had to walk with a walking stick and his right leg.After 3.the most difficult time，he began to turn his sadness for the better.Then Jaden asked his mother to buy 4.a lot of little toys and he wanted to give 5.the toys away.“I’m trying to make people smile，” said Jaden.