2024年中考英语人教版一轮复习专题讲义学案 第3讲非谓语动词
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| 名称 | 2024年中考英语人教版一轮复习专题讲义学案 第3讲非谓语动词 |  | |
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第3讲 非谓语动词
非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。
考点一 动词不定式
1．动词不定式的构成
结构 例子
肯定形式 “to＋动词原形(有的不带to)” He asked me to play football with him.(带to) 他叫我和他一起踢足球。 I saw a boy go across the road just now.(不带to) 我刚才看见一个男孩过马路。
否定形式 “not to＋动词原形” The teacher told me not to be late again. 老师告诉我不要再迟到。
2.动词不定式的功能
(1)作主语
不定式作主语时，视为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
To travel around China is my dream.环游中国是我的梦想。
注意 ①动词不定式(短语)作主语时，句子常常显得“头重脚轻”，为了避免这种现象，常用it作形式主语，而把动词不定式(短语)放在后面。如上句可转换为It’s my dream to travel around China.
②为了指明动词不定式动作的执行者(即谁做的动作)，要在动词不定式的前面加上“for＋名词或宾格代词”，称之为“逻辑主语”。
It isn’t very easy for us to learn English well in a short time.
对我们来说短期内学好英语不是很容易。
(2)作宾语
不定式作宾语的情况比较多，但是一般情况下，不定式只作部分动词的宾语。经常接不定式作宾语(即：动词＋to do sth.结构)的动词有：
begin to do sth.开始做某事 hope to do sth.希望做某事 learn to do sth.学习做某事
expect to do sth.期望做某事 want to do sth.想要做某事 wish to do sth.希望做某事
forget to do sth.忘记做某事 like to do sth.喜欢做某事 decide to do sth.决定做某事
try to do sth.尽力做某事 continue to do sth.继续做某事 prefer to do sth.更喜欢做某事
agree to do sth.同意做某事 plan to do sth.计划做某事 promise to do sth.承诺做某事
refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事 afford to do sth.有能力做某事 happen to do sth.碰巧做某事
manage to do sth.设法做某事 choose to do sth.选择做某事 prepare to do sth.准备做某事
注意 在find，make，think等词后用it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语放在后面。
I find it difficult to learn Chinese well.我发现学好中文很难。
(3)作宾语补足语
①不定式用作宾语补足语，也是在一些特定的动词之后。常接“宾语＋宾补”(即：动词＋sb.＋to do sth.)的动词有：
ask sb. to do sth.请求某人做某事 force sb. to do sth.强迫某人做某事
allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth.期望某人做某事
invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事 want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事
tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事 advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事
help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 warn sb. to do sth.警告某人做某事
wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
order sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事 teach sb. to do sth.教导某人做某事
Joan asked Mary to speak first.(Mary在句中作宾语，to speak补充说明Mary要做的事)
琼请玛丽先说。
②有些动词(一感二听三让四看)feel，hear/listen to，make/have/let，see/look at/watch/notice，后用不定式作宾补时须省略to。但这种句式在变为被动语态时，to不能省略。
They make the students do too much homework every day.
＝The students are made to do too much homework every day.
他们让学生每天做太多作业。
拓展 不带to的常用句型
句型 例子
had better (not) do sth.最好(不)做某事 You had better stay here because it’s raining hard outside. 你最好待在这里，因为外面雨下得很大。
would rather do A than do B宁愿做A也不愿做B I would rather stay at home than go out to play. 我宁愿待在家也不愿出去玩。
prefer to do A rather than do B宁愿做A也不愿做B He prefers to have a class rather than have a rest. 他宁愿上课也不愿休息。
Why don’t you do sth.？你为什么不做某事？ Why don’t you go out to see a film with me 为什么你不出去和我看电影？
Why not do sth.？为什么不做某事？ Why not visit me sometime next week 为什么不下周找个时间来看我呢？
Would/Could you please do sth. 请问你能做某事吗？ Would/Could you please pass me a glass of water 你能递给我一杯水吗？
(4)作表语
不定式作表语时，表示主语的职业、职责或愿望、责任、义务等，一般可转化为动词不定式作主语。
His wish is to be a policeman.＝To be a policeman is his wish.他的愿望是当一名警察。
(5)作状语
不定式在句中可作结果状语、目的状语、原因状语和条件状语等。
The policemen searched the house only to find nothing.警察搜查了这所房子，却什么也没找到。(表结果)
They ran over to welcome us.他们跑过来欢迎我们。(表目的)
You are silly to tell him all about that.你把所有的事都告诉他，你可真愚蠢。(表原因)
注意 动词不定式短语也可放在一些表示喜、怒、哀、乐的表语形容词，如 sorry，glad，surprised，disappointed，excited 等后面，用作原因状语。
I’m happy to see you here.很高兴在这里见到你。
I’m sorry to trouble you.不好意思，打扰了。
(6)疑问词＋不定式
动词不定式可以和疑问代词 who，what，which 及疑问副词 how，where，when 连用，构成“疑问词＋不定式”结构。在作用上相当于一个名词性从句，常用在某些动词(如tell，know，imagine，learn，decide，forget，remember，consider，understand)等后面作宾语，还可作主语、表语等。
I don’t know what to do next.我不知道下一步做什么。(作宾语)
When to start has not been decided.什么时候出发还没有决定。(作主语)
The question is how to get there.问题是怎样去那里。(作表语)
考点二 动名词
动名词由“动词原形＋-ing”构成，与现在分词形式一样。但动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。动名词可以有自己的宾语或状语，从而构成动名词短语。
1．作主语
动名词作主语，一般表示一种经常性、习惯性的动作，此时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
Teaching English is interesting.教英语是有趣的。
2．作表语
说明主语的内容。多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成作主语。
My hobby is collecting stamps.＝Collecting stamps is my hobby.我的爱好是集邮。
3．作宾语
She likes teaching English.她喜欢教英语。(动词的宾语)
She is good at teaching English.她擅长教英语。(介词的宾语)
【知识必备】
常接动名词作宾语的词汇 enjoy喜欢 finish完成 mind介意 practice练习 suggest建议 admit承认 avoid避免 consider考虑 imagine想象 keep保持 be busy忙于 think of考虑 feel like想要 be worth值得 can’t help忍不住 can’t stand无法忍受 be good at擅长 be fond of喜爱 think about考虑 be/get used to习惯于 look forward to盼望 stick to坚持 succeed in成功 pay attention to注意
注意 有些动词既可接不定式，也可接-ing形式，但意义不同。
stop doing sth.停止做某事 stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事 try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.设法或努力去做某事
remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做) remember to do sth.记得去做某事(未做) forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做) forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做)
mean doing sth.意味着做某事 mean to do sth.打算做某事 regret doing sth.后悔做过某事(已做) regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事(未做)
4.作定语
表示被修饰词的某种用途、所属关系，置于被修饰词之前。
She wants to buy a washing machine.她想买一台洗衣机。
考点三 分词
分词可以分为现在分词和过去分词，现在分词由动词原形＋-ing构成；过去分词通常由动词原形＋-ed构成。
在时间上 现在分词表示动作正在进行，过去分词表示动作已完成 the developing country发展中国家 the developed country发达国家
在语态上 现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动 a moving film一部感人的电影 the moved people 被感动的人们
作表语 有些分词可用在连系动词的后面作表语，说明主语的性质。实际上，它已经形容词化，常常看作是形容词 The book is interesting，and I’m interested in it.这本书很有趣，我对它感兴趣。
作状语 分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语(即分词动作的发出者)一般要与句中主语保持一致。分词作状语时，一般都可用一个状语从句来代替 Laughing and talking，they went into the room.他们有说有笑地走进了房间。
作定语 用在名词的前面作定语 What disappointing news！ 多么令人失望的消息！ She is a trained nurse. 她是一个受过训练的护士。
用在名词的后面作定语 The house built there is mine. 建在那儿的房子是我的。
1．(2023·云南)Today is Father’s Day，and I plan a dinner for my father.
A．to prepare B．preparing
C．prepared D．prepare
答案 A
2．(2023·湖南怀化)Many people enjoy zongzi by themselves on the Dragon Boat Festival.
A．making B．made C．to make
答案 A
3．(2023·四川自贡)—Mike，we are told not the phone while crossing the street.
—I am sorry.I won’t do it again.
A．answering B．to answer C．answer
答案 B
4．(2023·四川达州)The teachers used to key points on the blackboard，but now they are getting used to them through PPTs.
A．write；showing B．writing；show C．write；show
答案 A
5．(2023·江苏扬州)Science is my favourite subject，so I have prepared the STEAM Club.
A．join B．joining
C．to join D．to joining
答案 C
6．After long years of war，many people in Syria are homeless.I think it important a peaceful world.
A．build B．not build
C．to build D．not to build
答案 C
7．The New Year is coming.Teachers encourage us new hobbies.
A．develop B．developing
C．to develop D．developed
答案 C
8．—Are you going to buy the house this month
—I haven’t decided whether it or not.
A．buying B．to buy C．bought
答案 B
分析近4年广东中考语法选择和近5年短文填空可知，对非谓语动词的考查主要是动词不定式，针对该考点，考生可通过固定搭配与句子成分分析法来确定答案。
1．(2023·广东)“I feel like a real astronaut in the space camp，and I don’t even need the earth，” he said.
A．leave B．leaving C．to leave
答案 C
解析 根据don’t可知，此处need是实义动词，后接动词不定式作宾语。故选C。
2．(2022·广东)One day，the teacher told her a test.If she passed the test，she could enter a Beijing Opera school.
A．take B．to take C．taking
答案 B
解析 此处考查固定用法tell sb. to do sth.“告诉某人做某事”，故选B。
3．(2021·广东)Many tourists，they believe，will come the fantastic experience of walking across.
A．enjoy B．enjoyed C．enjoying D．to enjoy
答案 D
解析 come在句中作谓语，是不及物动词，游客来这里的目的是体验在大桥上行走，此处用动词不定式作目的状语，故选D。
4．(2020·广东)I expect each of you a kite that means something important to you.
A．make B．to make C．making D．made
答案 B
解析 此处考查固定用法：expect sb. to do sth.“期望某人做某事”，故选B。
[对点训练]
Sometimes parents spoil(溺爱) their children too much，because they offer too much attention and try 1 their wishes：They buy children all the toys they want，the clothes they wish or the sweets they like.It is true that a good mother wants her child 2 happy.She also wants 3 as much time as possible with her child.Anyway，it is sometimes wise for mothers 4 their children much time alone，because he or she needs 5 his or her own personality(性格) without the influence of the others around.
1．A.satisfy B．to satisfying C．to satisfy
答案 C
2．A.be B．to be C．being
答案 B
3．A.spend B．spent C．to spend
答案 C
4．A.to leave B．leaving C．left
答案 A
5．A.create B．creates C．to create
答案 C
1．(2022·广东)People there like to tea with sugar or milk in it.
答案 drink/have
解析 like to do sth.意为“喜欢做某事”，为固定用法，动词不定式作宾语，故填drink/have。
2．(2020·广东)She felt sad that the kids there didn’t have new clothes to and toys to play with.
答案 wear
解析 分析句子结构可知，此处用动词不定式作后置定语，结合空前“new clothes to”可推知是要穿的新衣服，用动词 wear 表示“穿”，与前面的 to构成不定式。故填wear。
[对点训练]
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
Li Tao，a junior 1 student，was quite busy over the past winter vacation but not just with homework.Li，together with his 10 classmates made a volunteer group to call on people to 1.join in the “Clean Your Plate Campaign(光盘行动)”．
The 11 students went to many restaurants and told people the importance of 2.saving food.“Excuse me，do you know that 950 million people around the world still haven’t got enough to 3.eat Please don’t waste food.”They would say that hundreds of times every day.
In these years，we have serious problems with 4.wasted food.It is reported that the food people waste every year is enough to 5.feed 200 million people for a year.
非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。
考点一 动词不定式
1．动词不定式的构成
结构 例子
肯定形式 “to＋动词原形(有的不带to)” He asked me to play football with him.(带to) 他叫我和他一起踢足球。 I saw a boy go across the road just now.(不带to) 我刚才看见一个男孩过马路。
否定形式 “not to＋动词原形” The teacher told me not to be late again. 老师告诉我不要再迟到。
2.动词不定式的功能
(1)作主语
不定式作主语时，视为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
To travel around China is my dream.环游中国是我的梦想。
注意 ①动词不定式(短语)作主语时，句子常常显得“头重脚轻”，为了避免这种现象，常用it作形式主语，而把动词不定式(短语)放在后面。如上句可转换为It’s my dream to travel around China.
②为了指明动词不定式动作的执行者(即谁做的动作)，要在动词不定式的前面加上“for＋名词或宾格代词”，称之为“逻辑主语”。
It isn’t very easy for us to learn English well in a short time.
对我们来说短期内学好英语不是很容易。
(2)作宾语
不定式作宾语的情况比较多，但是一般情况下，不定式只作部分动词的宾语。经常接不定式作宾语(即：动词＋to do sth.结构)的动词有：
begin to do sth.开始做某事 hope to do sth.希望做某事 learn to do sth.学习做某事
expect to do sth.期望做某事 want to do sth.想要做某事 wish to do sth.希望做某事
forget to do sth.忘记做某事 like to do sth.喜欢做某事 decide to do sth.决定做某事
try to do sth.尽力做某事 continue to do sth.继续做某事 prefer to do sth.更喜欢做某事
agree to do sth.同意做某事 plan to do sth.计划做某事 promise to do sth.承诺做某事
refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事 afford to do sth.有能力做某事 happen to do sth.碰巧做某事
manage to do sth.设法做某事 choose to do sth.选择做某事 prepare to do sth.准备做某事
注意 在find，make，think等词后用it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语放在后面。
I find it difficult to learn Chinese well.我发现学好中文很难。
(3)作宾语补足语
①不定式用作宾语补足语，也是在一些特定的动词之后。常接“宾语＋宾补”(即：动词＋sb.＋to do sth.)的动词有：
ask sb. to do sth.请求某人做某事 force sb. to do sth.强迫某人做某事
allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth.期望某人做某事
invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事 want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事
tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事 advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事
help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 warn sb. to do sth.警告某人做某事
wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
order sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事 teach sb. to do sth.教导某人做某事
Joan asked Mary to speak first.(Mary在句中作宾语，to speak补充说明Mary要做的事)
琼请玛丽先说。
②有些动词(一感二听三让四看)feel，hear/listen to，make/have/let，see/look at/watch/notice，后用不定式作宾补时须省略to。但这种句式在变为被动语态时，to不能省略。
They make the students do too much homework every day.
＝The students are made to do too much homework every day.
他们让学生每天做太多作业。
拓展 不带to的常用句型
句型 例子
had better (not) do sth.最好(不)做某事 You had better stay here because it’s raining hard outside. 你最好待在这里，因为外面雨下得很大。
would rather do A than do B宁愿做A也不愿做B I would rather stay at home than go out to play. 我宁愿待在家也不愿出去玩。
prefer to do A rather than do B宁愿做A也不愿做B He prefers to have a class rather than have a rest. 他宁愿上课也不愿休息。
Why don’t you do sth.？你为什么不做某事？ Why don’t you go out to see a film with me 为什么你不出去和我看电影？
Why not do sth.？为什么不做某事？ Why not visit me sometime next week 为什么不下周找个时间来看我呢？
Would/Could you please do sth. 请问你能做某事吗？ Would/Could you please pass me a glass of water 你能递给我一杯水吗？
(4)作表语
不定式作表语时，表示主语的职业、职责或愿望、责任、义务等，一般可转化为动词不定式作主语。
His wish is to be a policeman.＝To be a policeman is his wish.他的愿望是当一名警察。
(5)作状语
不定式在句中可作结果状语、目的状语、原因状语和条件状语等。
The policemen searched the house only to find nothing.警察搜查了这所房子，却什么也没找到。(表结果)
They ran over to welcome us.他们跑过来欢迎我们。(表目的)
You are silly to tell him all about that.你把所有的事都告诉他，你可真愚蠢。(表原因)
注意 动词不定式短语也可放在一些表示喜、怒、哀、乐的表语形容词，如 sorry，glad，surprised，disappointed，excited 等后面，用作原因状语。
I’m happy to see you here.很高兴在这里见到你。
I’m sorry to trouble you.不好意思，打扰了。
(6)疑问词＋不定式
动词不定式可以和疑问代词 who，what，which 及疑问副词 how，where，when 连用，构成“疑问词＋不定式”结构。在作用上相当于一个名词性从句，常用在某些动词(如tell，know，imagine，learn，decide，forget，remember，consider，understand)等后面作宾语，还可作主语、表语等。
I don’t know what to do next.我不知道下一步做什么。(作宾语)
When to start has not been decided.什么时候出发还没有决定。(作主语)
The question is how to get there.问题是怎样去那里。(作表语)
考点二 动名词
动名词由“动词原形＋-ing”构成，与现在分词形式一样。但动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。动名词可以有自己的宾语或状语，从而构成动名词短语。
1．作主语
动名词作主语，一般表示一种经常性、习惯性的动作，此时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
Teaching English is interesting.教英语是有趣的。
2．作表语
说明主语的内容。多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成作主语。
My hobby is collecting stamps.＝Collecting stamps is my hobby.我的爱好是集邮。
3．作宾语
She likes teaching English.她喜欢教英语。(动词的宾语)
She is good at teaching English.她擅长教英语。(介词的宾语)
【知识必备】
常接动名词作宾语的词汇 enjoy喜欢 finish完成 mind介意 practice练习 suggest建议 admit承认 avoid避免 consider考虑 imagine想象 keep保持 be busy忙于 think of考虑 feel like想要 be worth值得 can’t help忍不住 can’t stand无法忍受 be good at擅长 be fond of喜爱 think about考虑 be/get used to习惯于 look forward to盼望 stick to坚持 succeed in成功 pay attention to注意
注意 有些动词既可接不定式，也可接-ing形式，但意义不同。
stop doing sth.停止做某事 stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事 try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.设法或努力去做某事
remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做) remember to do sth.记得去做某事(未做) forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做) forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做)
mean doing sth.意味着做某事 mean to do sth.打算做某事 regret doing sth.后悔做过某事(已做) regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事(未做)
4.作定语
表示被修饰词的某种用途、所属关系，置于被修饰词之前。
She wants to buy a washing machine.她想买一台洗衣机。
考点三 分词
分词可以分为现在分词和过去分词，现在分词由动词原形＋-ing构成；过去分词通常由动词原形＋-ed构成。
在时间上 现在分词表示动作正在进行，过去分词表示动作已完成 the developing country发展中国家 the developed country发达国家
在语态上 现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动 a moving film一部感人的电影 the moved people 被感动的人们
作表语 有些分词可用在连系动词的后面作表语，说明主语的性质。实际上，它已经形容词化，常常看作是形容词 The book is interesting，and I’m interested in it.这本书很有趣，我对它感兴趣。
作状语 分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语(即分词动作的发出者)一般要与句中主语保持一致。分词作状语时，一般都可用一个状语从句来代替 Laughing and talking，they went into the room.他们有说有笑地走进了房间。
作定语 用在名词的前面作定语 What disappointing news！ 多么令人失望的消息！ She is a trained nurse. 她是一个受过训练的护士。
用在名词的后面作定语 The house built there is mine. 建在那儿的房子是我的。
1．(2023·云南)Today is Father’s Day，and I plan a dinner for my father.
A．to prepare B．preparing
C．prepared D．prepare
答案 A
2．(2023·湖南怀化)Many people enjoy zongzi by themselves on the Dragon Boat Festival.
A．making B．made C．to make
答案 A
3．(2023·四川自贡)—Mike，we are told not the phone while crossing the street.
—I am sorry.I won’t do it again.
A．answering B．to answer C．answer
答案 B
4．(2023·四川达州)The teachers used to key points on the blackboard，but now they are getting used to them through PPTs.
A．write；showing B．writing；show C．write；show
答案 A
5．(2023·江苏扬州)Science is my favourite subject，so I have prepared the STEAM Club.
A．join B．joining
C．to join D．to joining
答案 C
6．After long years of war，many people in Syria are homeless.I think it important a peaceful world.
A．build B．not build
C．to build D．not to build
答案 C
7．The New Year is coming.Teachers encourage us new hobbies.
A．develop B．developing
C．to develop D．developed
答案 C
8．—Are you going to buy the house this month
—I haven’t decided whether it or not.
A．buying B．to buy C．bought
答案 B
分析近4年广东中考语法选择和近5年短文填空可知，对非谓语动词的考查主要是动词不定式，针对该考点，考生可通过固定搭配与句子成分分析法来确定答案。
1．(2023·广东)“I feel like a real astronaut in the space camp，and I don’t even need the earth，” he said.
A．leave B．leaving C．to leave
答案 C
解析 根据don’t可知，此处need是实义动词，后接动词不定式作宾语。故选C。
2．(2022·广东)One day，the teacher told her a test.If she passed the test，she could enter a Beijing Opera school.
A．take B．to take C．taking
答案 B
解析 此处考查固定用法tell sb. to do sth.“告诉某人做某事”，故选B。
3．(2021·广东)Many tourists，they believe，will come the fantastic experience of walking across.
A．enjoy B．enjoyed C．enjoying D．to enjoy
答案 D
解析 come在句中作谓语，是不及物动词，游客来这里的目的是体验在大桥上行走，此处用动词不定式作目的状语，故选D。
4．(2020·广东)I expect each of you a kite that means something important to you.
A．make B．to make C．making D．made
答案 B
解析 此处考查固定用法：expect sb. to do sth.“期望某人做某事”，故选B。
[对点训练]
Sometimes parents spoil(溺爱) their children too much，because they offer too much attention and try 1 their wishes：They buy children all the toys they want，the clothes they wish or the sweets they like.It is true that a good mother wants her child 2 happy.She also wants 3 as much time as possible with her child.Anyway，it is sometimes wise for mothers 4 their children much time alone，because he or she needs 5 his or her own personality(性格) without the influence of the others around.
1．A.satisfy B．to satisfying C．to satisfy
答案 C
2．A.be B．to be C．being
答案 B
3．A.spend B．spent C．to spend
答案 C
4．A.to leave B．leaving C．left
答案 A
5．A.create B．creates C．to create
答案 C
1．(2022·广东)People there like to tea with sugar or milk in it.
答案 drink/have
解析 like to do sth.意为“喜欢做某事”，为固定用法，动词不定式作宾语，故填drink/have。
2．(2020·广东)She felt sad that the kids there didn’t have new clothes to and toys to play with.
答案 wear
解析 分析句子结构可知，此处用动词不定式作后置定语，结合空前“new clothes to”可推知是要穿的新衣服，用动词 wear 表示“穿”，与前面的 to构成不定式。故填wear。
[对点训练]
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
Li Tao，a junior 1 student，was quite busy over the past winter vacation but not just with homework.Li，together with his 10 classmates made a volunteer group to call on people to 1.join in the “Clean Your Plate Campaign(光盘行动)”．
The 11 students went to many restaurants and told people the importance of 2.saving food.“Excuse me，do you know that 950 million people around the world still haven’t got enough to 3.eat Please don’t waste food.”They would say that hundreds of times every day.
In these years，we have serious problems with 4.wasted food.It is reported that the food people waste every year is enough to 5.feed 200 million people for a year.