2024年中考英语人教版一轮复习专题讲义 学案 形容词和副词（含解析）

专题三　形容词和副词
根据广东近五年的考情分析，形容词和副词的题目在语法选择、完形填空和短文填空中均有考查。其中语法选择主要考查形容词原级、比较级和最高级的运用，副词侧重考查同源词的词义辨析；完形填空主要考查形容词和副词在特定语境下的意义辨析；短文填空主要考查形容词和副词在语境中的运用以及形容词的固定搭配。
年份 语法选择 完形填空 短文填空
2023 31－形容词的级区分：比较级greater 41－cheerful；47－Finally； 50－luckiest 73－popular
2022 35－副词successfully； 36－副词的级区分：原级hard 45－moved；48－slowly； 49－popular；50－difficult 68－good(固定搭配be good for)；70－ago；74－more
2021 31－形容词的级区分：最高级the longest； 40－副词excitedly 42－seriously；43－right； 50－future 72－proud(固定搭配be proud of)
2020 34－形容词的级区分：比较级better 43－popular；44－short； 45－suddenly；47－completely 73－little(固定搭配a little)； 75－more(固定搭配more than)
2019 — 51－worried；52－still； 54－honest 73－ago；76－favo(u)rite
考点一　形容词的用法
形容词用来修饰名词或代词，说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态。
(一)形容词的分类
根据形容词的结构形式，可将其分为简单形容词和复合形容词。
1．简单形容词：由一个形容词构成。如：
easy简单的；cold寒冷的；quiet安静的；small小的
2．复合形容词：由几个词共同组成并起形容词作用的词。常见类型如下：
构成 示例
数词＋名词(单数)(＋adj.) two-meter-long两米长的　five-year-old 五岁大的　five-star五星的
形容词＋v.-ing good-looking好看的　easy-going随和的
形容词＋动词过去分词 new-born新生的
名词＋v.-ing English-speaking说英语的
名词＋动词过去分词 man-made人工的　heart-broken伤心的
副词＋v.-ing hard-working勤劳的
副词＋动词过去分词 well-known著名的
(二)-ing形式和-ed形式结尾的形容词的用法
分类 形容词 用法 例句
-ing形式 surprising，interesting，boring，exciting，moving，tiring等 指事物对人的影响，常修饰事物，主语一般是物 I’m interested in interesting people. 我对有趣的人感兴趣。 He felt excited after watching the exciting film.看完这部令人兴奋的电影他感到很兴奋。
-ed形式 surprised，interested，bored，excited，moved，tired等 指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人
(三)形容词的句法功能
功能 位置 例句
作定语 位于名词之前(前置定语)，不定代词之后(后置定语) If you live a healthy life，your memory will work better.如果你过着健康的生活，你的记忆力会更好。 Let’s have something delicious. 让我们吃点美味的东西。
作表语 位于系动词之后 She is so friendly.她非常友好。 She looks happy.她看起来很开心。
作宾语补足语 位于宾语之后，常与make，find，keep等动词连用，构成“make/find/keep＋sb./sth.＋adj.”结构，说明宾语的性质、状态和特征 We should keep the classroom clean and tidy every day. 我们应该每天保持教室干净整洁。
作状语 主要表示原因、伴随或结果等 After a long journey，we went back home，hungry and tired.长途旅行结束后，我们回到家，又饿又累。(结果)
注意
1．有些形容词只能作表语，被称为表语形容词。常见的表语形容词有：afraid，alike，alive，asleep，awake，alone, ill(患病的)，well(健康的)，glad，sorry，able，unable等。
I was awake last night and I’m sleepy now.我昨晚失眠了，我现在很困。
2．表示长度、宽度、高度、深度等，可用“基数词＋单位词＋形容词”结构。
The Yangtze River is 6,397 kilometers long.长江长6 397 千米。
3．形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，即“the＋形容词”，表示一类人。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。这类词有：rich/poor；good/bad；young/old；healthy/ill；living/dead；black/white (表示人种)。
The young should take care of the old.年轻人应该照顾老人。
1．(2023·安徽)—Camping trips in spring have become very in southern China.
—Exactly.That’s because these areas have warmer weather and an earlier flowering season.
A．hot B．safe C．cheap D．hard
答案　A
2．(2023·山东滨州)—How amazing ChatGPT is!
—Yes.The new invention makes it quite for people to write papers and stories.
A．late B．simple C．natural D．difficult
答案　B
3．The news made him .He didn’t fall asleep until midnight.
A．excited；excited B．exciting；exciting
C．exciting；excited D．excited；exciting
答案　C
4．Great! We will have a holiday.
A．seven-day B．seven-days
C．seven day’s D．seven days
答案　A
5．—It’s very important for us to keep .
—You are right.We should learn how to protect ourselves when we’re in trouble.
A．rapid B．safe C．lucky D．social
答案　B
6．—I’m hungry.Could you get me to eat
—Yes.There is some fried chicken in the fridge.
A．something delicious B．delicious something
C．anything delicious D．delicious anything
答案　A
考点二　副词的用法
副词指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，一般充当状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词，此外还可修饰整个句子。
(一)副词的分类
1．时间副词：表示动作发生的时间，是确定句子时态的重要标志。
today在今天；tomorrow在明天；soon很快；now现在
2．地点副词：表示动作发生的地点或位置。
home家；here在这里；there在那里；outside在外面；abroad在国外
3．方式副词：描述动作发生的方式。
carefully细心地；politely 有礼貌地；slowly 缓慢地；loudly 大声地
4．程度副词：描述动作或状态的程度。
pretty相当；very很，非常；quite相当；rather相当；really真正地
5．频度副词：表示一定时间内动作发生的频率。
频率副词
例句 He usually gets up early.他通常很早起床。 I’ve never heard him singing.我从来没有听过他唱歌。 She is seldom ill.她很少生病。
注意　频率副词在句中的位置：实义动词之前，be动词、情态动词、助动词之后。
6．疑问副词：用来引导疑问句。
单词 作用 例句
how 表方式 How can I get to the supermarket？我怎样才能到达超市呢？
when 表时间 When will the meeting begin？会议将在什么时候开始呢？
where 表地点 Where will you go to spend your vacation？你要去哪里度假？
why 表原因 Why didn’t you follow my advice？你为什么不听我的劝告？
7.不定副词
单词 含义 例句
somewhere “某个地方”，常用于肯定句 It must be somewhere in your room. 它一定在你房间的某个地方。
anywhere “某个地方”，一般用于否定句和疑问句中；“任何地方”，用于肯定句 I haven’t got anywhere to live. 我还没有找到住的地方。 Do you want to go anywhere this evening？ 今天晚上你想去某个地方吗？ Sit anywhere you like.你随便坐吧。
nowhere “任何地方都不，无处”＝not...anywhere I have no job and nowhere to live. 我没有工作，也没有地方住。
everywhere “到处；处处”＝here and there I’ve looked for the map everywhere but I can’t find it.我到处找过了，但是就是找不到地图。
注意　形容词要放在不定副词的后面。
(二)副词的句法功能
功能 作用 例句
作状语 方式副词放在被修饰的动词后修饰动作 Mary sings so beautifully.玛丽唱得很动听。 She listens to the teacher carefully.她认真听老师讲课。
程度副词修饰动词、形容词或副词，一般放在被修饰词前面 I really like English.我真的很喜欢英语。 The food here is really delicious.这里的食物真的很好吃。 He looks strong and plays football very well.他看起来很强壮，足球也踢得很好。
修饰整个句子 Luckily，a policeman saw him and helped him.幸运的是，一个警察看见并帮助了他。
作定语 少数地点副词和时间副词可以放在所修饰的名词后作定语 The weather here is cool and cloudy，just right for walking.这里的天气凉爽多云，正好适合散步。【人教七年级下册Unit 7】
作表语 作表语的副词多数是表示位置或时间的，如：in，on，out，back，up，down，off，away等 When will you be back？你什么时候回来？
注意　enough的用法
词性 结构 例句
形容词 enough＋名词 We have enough time to finish the work. 我们有足够的时间完成这项工作。
副词 放在所修饰的词(adj./adv./v.)之后 The book is easy enough for you to read.这本书你读起来很容易。 Can you get there quickly enough？你能尽快赶到那里吗？ You don’t practice enough at the piano.你钢琴弹奏练习得不够。
1．(2023·安徽改编)From my childhood，I clearly(clear) remember my parents working hard day and night.
2．People were completely(complete) shocked when they heard about Kobe’ s accident.
3．It’s important to learn to behave properly(proper) at a big dinner.
4．Mary doesn’t really(real) care if her friends are the same or different.
5．Mr.Liu checked his papers carefully(careful)，so he passed the exam again.
6．There was a storm yesterday.Luckily(lucky)，most of the flowers in my garden are still alive.
考点三　形容词和副词的比较等级
形容词、副词有三个等级，即原级、比较级和最高级。
(一)形容词、副词比较级和最高级的变化方法
1．规则变化
类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词 一般直接加-er，-est long tall hard longer taller harder longest tallest hardest
以e结尾时加-r，-st late large later larger latest largest
以辅音字母加y结尾时变y为i，再加-er，-est easy happy early easier happier earlier easiest happiest earliest
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写最后的辅音字母，再加-er，-est big hot bigger hotter biggest hottest
多音节词、adj.＋ly构成的副词、-ing形式/-ed形式结尾的形容词 在原级前加more或most tired quickly beautiful important interesting more tired more quickly more beautiful more important more interesting most tired most quickly most beautiful most important most interesting
2.不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/badly worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far 距离 farther farthest
程度 further furthest
old 年龄 older oldest
辈分 elder eldest
(二)形容词、副词的原级
没有任何比较，说明人或事物自身的特征、性质或状态时用原级，原级即形容词和副词本身，可以用very，so，too，quite，pretty，rather等修饰原级。表示两者在某一方面程度相同或不同时用原级，常见结构如下。
级别 比较程度 表达方式和意义 例句 备注
原级 同等程度 肯定 形式 as＋原级＋as (A＝B) Art is as interesting as music. 美术和音乐一样有趣。 Play as well as you can. 尽你所能发挥好/玩好。 as可以用于肯定句和否定句，so只用于否定句
否定 形式 not＋so/as＋原级＋as (A(三)形容词、副词的比较级
两者作比较时用比较级，可在形容词、副词的比较级前用 much，a little，even，still，a lot 等来修饰。比较级的常见结构如下。
结构 含义 例句
比较级＋than A 比A更…… The weather here is hotter than that in Yunnan. 这里的天气比云南更热。 I work harder than Tom.我比汤姆工作更努力。
the＋比较级＋of the two 两个中比较……的一个 Tom is the taller of the two. 汤姆是两个人中比较高的一个。
比较级＋and＋比较级 越来越…… The weather is warmer and warmer.天气越来越热。 Our country is more and more beautiful.我们的国家越来越美。
The＋比较级，the＋比较级 越……就越…… The more we have，the more we want. 我们拥有的越多，想要的就越多。
Which/Who is/v.＋比较级，A or B？ 哪一个更……，A还是B？ Who is taller，Tom or Bill 汤姆和比尔，谁更高？
注意
1．表示“不如A……”
(1)not as/so＋原级＋as A
He isn’t as outgoing as me.他不如我外向。
(2)less＋多音节原级＋than A
He is less outgoing than me.他不如我外向。
2．表示倍数
(1)数字＋times＋比较级＋than A，表示“比A大/长/……多少倍”
The hall is four times bigger than our classroom.这个大厅比我们的教室大四倍。
(2)数字＋times＋as＋原级＋as A，表示“是A的几倍”
The hall is five times as big as our classroom.这个大厅是我们教室的五倍大。
(四)形容词、副词的最高级
表示三者或三者以上比较用最高级。
结构 含义 例句
the＋最高级(＋n.)＋in/of... 某人/某物是……中最……的 Jim is the tallest student in his class. 吉姆是班里最高的学生。 I jump the farthest of all the students. 我是所有学生中跳得最远的。
one of the＋最高级＋名词复数 最……之一 Beijing is one of the oldest cities in China. 北京是中国最古老的城市之一。
the＋序数词＋最高级 第几最…… The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。
Which/Who is/v.＋the＋最高级，A，B or C？ 哪一个最……，A、B还是C？ Who is the tallest，Tom，Jack or Bill 汤姆、杰克和比尔，谁最高？
the＋最高级＋名词＋that I have ever... 我曾经……过的最……的…… This is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited. 这是我游览过的最漂亮的城市。
注意　形容词、副词比较等级之间的转换
在英语表达中，根据不同情境的需要，同一句话可用原级、比较级、最高级三种方式表达。如： Jim is the tallest boy in our class.(最高级)　吉姆是我们班上最高的男孩。 ＝Jim is taller than any other boy in our class.(比较级)　吉姆比我们班上任何一个男孩都高。 ＝Jim is taller than the other boys in our class.(比较级)　在我们班上吉姆比其他的男孩都高。 ＝No boy in our class is as tall as Jim.(原级)　我们班上没有男孩和吉姆一样高。
1．(2023·江西改编)—As I know，your friend Jeff is very humorous.
—Yes.He is the funniest(funny) person I know.
2．(2023·江苏扬州改编)Slow cooking seems to hold the taste of the meat much better(good)．
3．(2023·四川成都改编)The Book of Songs is the earliest(early) collection of poems in China and the beginning of China’s poetry tradition.
4．Parents hope that kids can grow up as easily(easy) as dogs by giving nicknames to them.
5．With time，both my daughters have become the strongest(strong) supports in my life.
6．Our school life has become more colorful(colorful) than before because of all kinds of after-school activities.
7．The Zhujiang River is the third longest(long) river of China.
8．My parents’ bedroom is twice bigger(big) than mine.
9．Asking questions is one of the easiest(easy) ways to lead you to active learning.
10．The earlier we take action to protect our environment，the better(good) it will be for our future.
广东中考在语法选择中对形容词和副词的考查方向有三种：1.区分形容词和副词；2.副词和形容词的级 (原级、比较级和最高级)；3.同词源词性的甄别。
1．(2023·广东)For him，a space camp is than any other camp in the world.
A．great B．greater C．the greatest
答案　B
解析　根据“than any other camp”可知，than前用比较级。故选B。
2．(2022·广东)She worked very .
A．hard B．harder C．the hardest
答案　A
解析　关键词 very 修饰形容词和副词的原级，故选A。
3．(2022·广东)Wang Yiyi passed the test and became a student of that school.
A．success B．successful C．successfully
答案　C
解析　空处表示“成功地通过考试”，修饰动词 passed应用副词 successfully，故选C。
4．(2021·广东)He said ，“I was a little afraid，but there’s no other bridge like this one in the world.It was so worth it.”
A．excite B．excited C．excitedly D．excitement
答案　C
解析　修饰动词said，所以用副词，故选C。
5．(2021·广东)Last month，a new bridge was first opened to the public.It’s hanging bridge for walkers in the world.
A．longer B．the longer C．longest D．the longest
答案　D
解析　根据句意和in the world可知用最高级，最高级前要加the，故选D。
[对点训练]
Erhu is one of the 1 Chinese instruments.It has a history of 2 than 1,000 years.It is said that erhu did not get its name until the late Qing Dynasty.It has been improved 3 since it appeared.It is also called the Chinese violin because its tone is as soft and bright 4 the violin’s.There are many 5 pieces of music played by erhu.I like The Moon Reflected on the Er-quan Spring best.You can go and enjoy the charm of them.I hope you’ll love them.
1．A.important B．more important C．most important
答案　C
2．A.many B．more C．most
答案　B
3．A.gradual B．gradually C．more gradual
答案　B
4．A.as B．so C．or
答案　A
5．A.wonder B．wonderful C．wonderfully
答案　B
形容词、副词在完形填空中考查时，主要是通过语境推测或者词汇复现的形式，考查对短文的理解能力。
1．(2023·广东)Little Dora always wanted a sister.So when Mum told her she would have one in six months，she felt very .
A．rich B．afraid C．nervous D．cheerful
答案　D
解析　根据“Little Dora always wanted a sister.”可知朵拉是很开心的。故选D。
2．(2023·广东) ，Dora drew her last picture of the tree.
A．Finally B．Really C．Usually D．Suddenly
答案　A
解析　根据“Dora drew her last picture of the tree”可知，是指“最后，朵拉画完最后一幅画”。故选A。
3．(2022·广东)They brought us food and often called to make sure we were doing fine.I was deeply .
A．moved B．interested C．tired D．bored
答案　A
解析　句意：他们给我们带来食物，经常给我们打电话，确保我们过得好。我深受感动。moved感动的；interested感兴趣的；tired劳累的；bored无聊的。故选A。
4．(2022·广东)No one knew about it at first.But ，people got into the habit of coming around.
A．sadly B．slowly C．badly D．carefully
答案　B
解析　sadly悲伤地；slowly缓慢地；badly严重地；carefully仔细地。分析句意可知，开始无人知晓，但是慢慢地，人们养成了来访的习惯，故选B。
5．(2022·广东)They would stop by and leave with some vegetables.Molly’s yard became a place.
A．clean B．small C．terrible D．popular
答案　D
解析　clean干净的；small小的；terrible糟糕的；popular流行的，受欢迎的。根据“They would stop by and leave with some vegetables.”可知，人们会过来，然后带着一些蔬菜离开，所以莫莉的院子变成了一个受欢迎的地方，故选D。
[对点训练]
Gertie is one white Chinese goose while her lover，Vinnie，is a brown Toulouse goose.Gertie has laid some eggs every spring for the past nine years.She sits on them every spring. 1 ，the eggs never turn into little geese.
Last spring，Gertie hurt her leg and was very 2 that she couldn’t walk to the lakeside where she had laid her eggs! My son went to the lakeside and 3 picked up the eggs and brought them to her.
Weeks later，an egg hatched(孵)! But the “baby” was 4 from either of its parents.It was a little Canada goose.
Our guess is that a Canada goose laid eggs near Gertie’s，and one got mixed in.However，they love the “baby”as their own.While Gertie is recovering(恢复)，Vinnie 5 takes over the parenting duties，such as swimming and playing with the baby.This mixed family is quite the sight on the lake.
1．A.Instead B．However C．Besides D．Then
答案　B
2．A.honest B．sad C．patient D．surprised
答案　B
3．A.nervously B．naturally C．carefully D．weakly
答案　C
4．A.far B．absent C．free D．different
答案　D
5．A.happily B．strictly C．politely D．lazily
答案　A
广东近五年的短文填空中，每年都有对形容词或副词的考查。设空主要集中在句子结构和上下文语境的分析以及固定搭配等方面。
1．(2023·广东)
Around the 15th century，the Chinese toothbrush found its way into Europe. It became among local people soon.
答案　popular
解析　根据“It became...among local people soon.”可知，空处需填入形容词作表语，popular“受欢迎的”符合语境。
2．(2022·广东)As the population of tea drinkers gets larger，tea business is getting important than before.
答案　more
解析　句意：随着饮茶人群的增加，茶叶生意变得比以前更加重要。根据“than before”可知，此处使用比较级，more important“更重要的”，故填more。
3．(2021·广东)These books give the world a fuller picture of China and Lao Pan is of what he is doing.
答案　proud
解析　句意：这些书让世界对中国有了更全面的了解，老潘为自己做的事情感到自豪。为……自豪be proud of，固定短语。故填proud。
[对点训练]
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
It has been almost three years since I began my journey of learning here.How time flies! The high school entrance exam is only months away.Each of the ninth graders，including me，is 1.busy fighting for our dream schools day and night.
Among all the people around me，I am 2.especially thankful to my class teacher who is always there with us from morning to night.On the one hand，she is 3.strict with us.She always appears in our classroom early in the morning to see if anybody is 4.late for school.On the other hand，she is 5.patient with us.She always makes an effort to explain the difficulties to us one by one face to face.
She makes me see what a true teacher should be like and I hope I can be someone like her no matter what job I take in the future.