2024年中考英语人教版一轮复习基础梳理 学案 八年级上册 Units 3－4

Units 3－4
Unit 3
※要求掌握的单词及用法
1．adj.外向的；爱交际的；友好的outgoing
→(比较级)more outgoing
→(最高级)most outgoing
2．adj.& pron.两个；两者都both
★他们俩都①they both
②both of them
★……和……都both...and...
3．adj.& adv.更好的(地)；较好的(地)better
→(原级)good/well
→(最高级)best
★最好做某事①had better do sth.
②it’s better to do sth.
4．adv.喧闹地；大声地；响亮地loudly
→(比较级)more loudly
→(最高级)most loudly
5．adv.轻声地；安静地；轻柔地quietly
→(比较级)more quietly
→(最高级)most quietly
→(adj.)安静的quiet
6．adj.辛勤的；工作努力的hard-working
→(比较级)more hard-working
→(最高级)most hard-working
7．n.竞赛；比赛；竞争competition
→(v.)竞争；参加比赛compete
★唱歌比赛singing competition
8．adj.极好的；了不起的fantastic
9．pron.& adj.哪一个；哪一些which
10．adv.清楚地；清晰地；明白地clearly
→(比较级)more clearly
→(最高级)most clearly
→(adj.)清楚易懂的；晴朗的clear
11．v.赢；赢得；获胜win
→(过去式/过去分词)won
→(现在分词)winning
★获得一等奖win first prize
12．conj.虽然；尽管；adv.可是；然而though
13．adj.有才能的；有才干的；有天赋的talented
→(n.)才能talent
★在某方面有天赋be talented in
14．adv.真正；确实truly
15．v.关心；担忧；在意care
→(adj.)仔细的careful
→(adv.)仔细地carefully
→(adj.)粗心的careless
→(adj.)体贴人的caring
★关心；在意care about
★小心take care
★照顾①take care of
②care for
③look after
16．v.笑；发笑；n.笑声laugh
17．adj.严肃的；严重的；稳重的serious
→(adv.)严肃地；稳重地seriously
★对……认真be serious about
★没什么严重的nothing serious
18．n.镜子mirror
19．n.年轻人；小孩kid
20．adj.必要的；必需的necessary
21．n.成绩等级；评分等级；年级grade
★取得好成绩get good grades
★九年级Grade Nine
熟词生义：v.分级；给……评分 Most teachers at that time thought this new letter grading system was an easy，fair and clear way to grade students. 北京中考 当时的大多数老师都认为这种新的字母评分系统是一种简单、公平、清晰的评分方法。
22．modal v．应该；应当；可以should
23．n.格言；谚语saying
24．v.到达；伸手(去够)reach
25．n.手；v.递；给hand
★帮助某人give sb. a hand
★手工地 by hand
★上交hand in
★分发hand out
26．v.触摸；感动touch
→(adj.)感动的touched
→(adj.)感人的touching
★深深地被感动be touched deeply
27．n.心脏；内心heart
28．n.现实；事实fact
★事实上；实际上；确切地说in fact
29．v.(使)破碎；裂；损坏break
→(过去式)broke
→(过去分词)broken
→(adj.)破损的broken
★出故障；坏掉break down
★中止；中断break off
★爆发break out
熟词生义： ①v.打破；戒除 Once you break the habit，your values will change. 长沙中考 一旦你改掉了这个习惯，你的价值观就会改变。 ②v.违反 “Ehm，this situation troubles me.I would never break the rules，but I can’t make the user unhappy，so I’m doing what he wants，” Pepper said to itself，laying the napkin where it was required to be. 扬州中考 “呃，这种情况让我很困扰。我永远不会违反规则，但我不能让用户不高兴，所以我在做他要求的事。”Pepper自言自语，把餐巾放在了用户要求的位置。
30．n.上肢；手臂arm
31．v.分享；共享；共用；分摊share
★和某人分享某物share sth. with sb.
32．adj.大声的；响亮的loud
★大声地in a loud voice
33．adj.类似的；相像的similar
★与……相像的、类似的be similar to
34．adj.最初的；最早的primary
★小学primary school
35．n.信息；消息information
★一则消息a piece of information
※要求掌握的短语
只要；既然as long as
与……相同；与……一致the same as
使显现；使表现出bring out
和……不同；与……有差异be different from
Unit 4
※要求掌握的单词及用法
1．n.剧场；戏院theater
2．adj.使人舒服的；舒适的comfortable
→(adv.)舒服地；舒适地comfortably
★舒服的座位comfortable seats
★舒服地坐着sit comfortably
★做某事感到舒适be comfortable doing sth.
3．n.座位；坐处seat
熟词生义：v.向……提供座位； 使 就座 She seated herself with others. 株洲中考 她和其他人坐在一起。
4．n.屏幕；银幕screen
5．adj.(在空间、时间上)接近close
★靠近；在……附近be close to
熟词生义： ①adj.亲密的 I often find I like to share things about myself that I’d never say to my close friends. 湖州中考 我经常发现我喜欢分享一些我从未对亲密朋友说过的关于自己的事情。 ②v.停业；关闭 Stores are closed one after another，and so are schools. 常德中考 商店一个接一个地关门，学校也是如此。
6．n.票；入场券ticket
7．adj.& adv.最坏(的)；最差(的)worst
→(比较级)worse
→(原级)bad/ill/badly
8．adv.便宜地；低廉地cheaply
★便宜地买某物buy sth. cheaply
9．n.歌曲song
10．v.选择；挑选choose
→(过去式)chose
→(过去分词)chosen
→(n.)choice
★选择做某事choose to do sth.
11．adv.细致地；小心地；谨慎地carefully
12．n.记者reporter
→(v.)报道report
13．adj.新鲜的；清新的fresh
★清新的空气fresh air
★新鲜的水果fresh fruit
14．n.接待；服务service
→(v.)服务；供应serve
15．adv.相当；十分；很；adj.漂亮的pretty
16．n.菜单menu
17．v.行动；扮演；n.表演者act
→(n.)男演员actor
→(n.)女演员actress
→(n.)行动action
18．n.一餐(所吃的食物)meal
19．adj.有创造力的；创造性的creative
→(v.)创造create
20．n.天赋；天资；才能talent
★才艺表演talent show
21．n.魔术师magician
→(adj.)魔幻的magic
22．adv.漂亮地；美好地beautifully
→(adj.)漂亮的beautiful
23．n.作用；职能；角色role
★发挥作用；有影响play a role
24．n.获胜者；优胜者winner
25．n.奖；奖品；奖金prize
26．pron.每人；人人；所有人everybody
27．n.范例；实例；榜样example
★例如for example
28．adj.贫穷的；清贫的poor
熟词生义：adj.劣质的；差的；次的 be in poor health/condition身体不好/情况不佳
29．adv.严重地；严肃地；认真地seriously
★认真对待…… take...seriously
30．v.提供；给give
→(过去式)gave
→(过去分词)given
→(现在分词)giving
★把某物给某人①give sb. sth.
②give sth. to sb.
★分发①give out
②hand out
★放弃give up
★赠送give away
★生下give birth to
※要求理解的单词
DJ n．(电台、电视台、俱乐部的)音乐节目主持人
performer n．表演者；演员
crowded adj.人多的；拥挤的；挤满的
※要求掌握的短语
到目前为止；迄今为止so far
有相同特征；……相同have...in common
各种各样的all kinds of
是……的职责；由……决定be up to
编造make up
考点1　both，all，neither与none
原文再现
·Both Sam and Tom can play the drums.(八上第17页图片)
·We both like sports，but he plays tennis better，so he always wins.(八上第21页2b)
考点归纳
单词 意义及用法 例句
both 意为“两者都”，表达肯定意思 Both of the twin sisters are good at dancing.这对双胞胎姐妹都擅长跳舞。
all 意为“全部”，用于表示“三者及三者以上全部”，表达肯定意思 All the people applauded for him. 所有的人都为他鼓掌。
neither 意为“两者都不”，为both的否定形式，表达否定意思 The old man has two sons，but neither of them lives at home.老人有两个儿子，但是都不住在家里。
none 意为“一个也没有”，为all的否定形式，用于表示“三者及三者以上都不”，表达否定意思 There are so many people here，but I’m familiar with none of them. 这里有这么多人，但是我一个也不熟悉。
考点即练
选词填空
Our Chinese teacher held a story meeting yesterday morning.None of the students was absent.And all of us took an active part in it.The teacher asked us to choose either classical stories or modern stories to share.Li Hua and Lin Tao told us a story about Confucius.Both of them spoke Chinese very well.Emily and Amy are from Canada.They told a modern story in Chinese.Neither of them spoke Chinese very perfectly，but they tried their best.
考点2　辨析win，beat与lose
原文再现
·You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win，though.(八上第18页2d)
考点归纳
win win＋事物(game/match/prize/war/...)赢得……(游戏、比赛、奖项、战争等)
beat beat sb./a team打败某人/某队
lose lose＋事物(game/match/prize/war/...)输了……(游戏、比赛、奖项、战争等) lose to sb.输给某人
考点即练
选词填空
Last weekend，I took part in a speech competition.When it was my turn to give a speech，I had a butterfly in my stomach.“What if I can’t remember my words and lose the game？” My heart beat quickly.But then I remembered what my mom had said.I began to imagine myself in a field and the listeners were like grass waving in the wind.I found it quite useful.Finally I beat a lot of competitors and even won a prize for my speech in the end.
考点3　care的用法
原文再现
·A good friend truly cares about me.(八上第20页1a)
·I know she cares about me because she’s always there to listen.(八上第21页2b)
考点归纳
考点即练
用care的适当形式填空
1．To keep healthy，we should wash hands more carefully before we have meals.
2．Last month，the little girl was cared for well enough by the neighbors while her parents were volunteering.
3．We can’t be too careful when crossing the road.
4．—What a beautiful poem Happy Rain on a Spring Night is!
—So it is! Du Fu showed his care for farmers in the poem.