2024年中考英语人教版一轮复习基础梳理 学案 八年级下册 Units 1－2

Units 1－2
Unit 1
※要求掌握的单词及用法
1．n.问题；事情matter
★怎么了？ 出什么事了？What’s the matter
★没关系。It doesn’t matter.
★无论no matter
熟词生义： ①v.事关紧要；要紧；有重大影响 In some parents’ eyes，school grades matter most for their kids. 长沙中考 在一些家长看来，学校成绩对孩子来说最重要。 ②n.物质 They use a kind of special matter to wash their hair. 长沙中考 他们用一种特殊的物质来洗头。
2．n.胃痛；腹痛stomachache
→(n.)胃；腹部stomach
★胃痛(短语)have a stomachache
3．n.脚；足foot
→(复数)feet
★步行on foot
熟词生义：n.英尺 Life is everywhere around us，in every cubic foot a foot＝12 inches . 衢州中考 生命无处不在，存在于每立方英尺。
4．n.颈；脖子neck
5．n.咽喉；喉咙throat
6．n.发烧fever
★发烧have a fever
7．v.躺；平躺lie
→(过去式)lay→(过去分词)lain
→(现在分词)lying
★躺下lie down
8．v.& n．放松；休息rest
★放松；休息have a rest
熟词生义：n.剩余部分 However，the music kept playing 30 minutes later，I could see only one tenth of my screen while the rest was black. 泸州中考 然而，30分钟后，音乐一直在播放，我只能看到屏幕的十分之一，而其余的部分都是黑色的。
9．n.& v．咳嗽cough
★咳嗽(短语)have a cough
10．n.X射线；X光X-ray
★照X光get an X-ray
11．n.牙痛toothache
★牙痛(短语)have a toothache
12．n.头痛headache
★头痛(短语)have a headache
13．n.间歇；休息break
★休息take breaks (take a break)
14．v.(使)疼痛；受伤hurt
→(过去式/过去分词)hurt
15．n.乘客；旅客passenger
16．adv.& prep.离开(某处)；不工作；从……去掉off
★下车get off
17．prep.向；朝；到……上onto
18．n.问题；苦恼trouble
★处于困境中in trouble
★做某事有困难have trouble doing sth.
★陷入困境get into trouble
19．v.(用手或器具)击；打hit
→(过去式/过去分词)hit
★头部受到撞击get hit on the head
熟词生义： ①v.侵袭 A storm hit the coastal city once again.暴风雨再次侵袭了这座沿海城市。 ②n.很受欢迎的人 或事物 The song became a hit in 1945.这首歌在1945年轰动一时。
20．pron.她自己herself
21．adj.生病的；有病的sick
22．n.膝；膝盖knee
23．pron.我们自己ourselves
24．n.登山者；攀登者climber
→(v.)爬；登山climb
25．n.& v．危险；风险；冒险risk
★冒险take risks (take a risk)
26．n.情况；状况situation
★处于危险的境况in a dangerous situation
27．n.千克；公斤kilo
→(复数)kilos
28．n.岩石rock
29．n.刀knife
→(复数)knives
30．n.血blood
31．v.意思是；打算；意欲mean
→(过去式/过去分词)meant
★意味着做某事mean doing sth.
★打算做某事mean to do sth.
熟词生义：adj.吝啬的，小气的 She has always been mean with money.她在金钱方面总是非常吝啬。
32．n.重要性；重要importance
→(adj.)重要的important
★……的重要性the importance of
33．n.决定；抉择decision
→(v.)决定decide
★下决心做某事make a decision to do sth.
34．n.& v．限制；约束；管理；控制control
★掌管；管理be in control of
35．n.勇气；意志；精神spirit
36．n.死；死亡death
37．n.护士nurse
※要求理解的单词
sore adj.疼痛的；酸痛的
bandage n．绷带；v.用绷带包扎
press v．按；压；挤
nosebleed n．鼻出血
breathe v．呼吸
sunburned adj.晒伤的
accident n．(交通)事故；意外遭遇
※要求掌握的短语
看牙医go to a dentist＝see a dentist
用同样的方式in the same way
同意做某事agree to do sth.
多亏thanks to
令某人吃惊的是；出乎某人意料to one’s surprise
立即；马上right away
陷入；参与get into
习惯于……；适应于……be used to
用尽；耗尽run out (of)
切除cut off
放弃give up
感冒have a cold
量体温take one’s temperature
发烧have a fever
离开；从……出来get out of
Unit 2
※要求掌握的单词及用法
1．v.欢呼；喝彩cheer
★(使)变得更高兴；振奋起来cheer up
2．v.义务做；自愿做n.志愿者volunteer
★自愿做某事volunteer to do sth.
3．n.标志；信号sign
★张贴标志put up signs
4．n.通知；通告；注意 v．注意到；意识到notice
5．adj.孤独的；寂寞的lonely
★感到孤独feel lonely
6．pron.几个；数个；一些several
7．adj.强烈的；强壮的strong
★擅长be strong in
8．n.感觉；感触feeling
→(v.)感觉feel
9．n.满足；满意satisfaction
★满足地with/in satisfaction
★满足感a feeling of satisfaction
10．n.高兴；愉快joy
★令某人高兴的是to one’s joy
★高兴地with joy
11．n.物主；主人owner
→(adj.)自己的(v.)拥有own
12．n.(尤指长途)旅行；行程journey
13．v.募集；征集raise
★为……筹款raise money for...
熟词生义：v.抚养；养育；培养 Parents in the countryside prefer to give nicknames including Gou Sheng and Gou Dan to their kids in the hope that they are as easy to be raised as dogs. 山西中考 农村的父母更喜欢给孩子起狗剩、狗蛋等绰号，希望他们像狗一样容易被养大。
14．adv.独自；单独alone＝by oneself
15．v.修理；修补repair
16．v.修理；安装fix
★修理；装饰(短语)fix up
17．adj.破损的；残缺的broken
18．n.车轮；轮子wheel
19．n.信；函letter
20．n.女士；小姐Miss
21．adj.丧失能力的；有残疾的disabled
22．adj.瞎的；失明的blind
23．adj.聋的deaf
24．v.想象；设想imagine
★想象做某事imagine doing sth.
25．n.困难；难题difficulty
★做某事有困难have difficulty (in) doing sth.
26．v.开；打开open
27．n.门door
28．v.拿；提；扛carry
29．v.训练；培训train
→(n.)训练；培训training
★一条特殊训练的狗a special trained dog
★六个月训练之后after six months of training
30．adj.激动的；兴奋的excited
★对……感到兴奋be excited about
31．n.仁慈；善良kindness
→(adj.)仁慈的；和蔼的kind
32．adj.聪明的；聪颖的clever
33．v.理解；领会understand
→(过去式/过去分词)understood
34．v.& n．变化；改变change
★把……变成…… change...into...
★改变主意change one’s mind
熟词生义：v.换零钱 The driver couldn’t change his money. 绵阳中考 司机无法换到零钱。
35．n.兴趣；关注；v.使感兴趣；使关注interest
★使某人感兴趣interest sb.
★对……感兴趣①take an interest in
②be interested in
36．n.先生sir
37．n.夫人；女士madam
※要求理解的单词
midnight n．午夜；子夜
※要求掌握的短语
打扫(或清除)干净clean up
分发；散发①give out
②hand out
想出；提出(主意、计划、回答等)come up with
推迟put off
推迟做某事put off doing sth.
打电话给(某人)；征召call up
曾经……；过去…… used to
照顾；非常喜欢care for
参加……选拔；试用try out
赠送；捐赠give away
(外貌或行为)像take after
建立；设立set up
影响；有作用make a difference
在……岁时at the age of...
忙于某事be busy with sth.
使做某事成为可能
make it possible to do sth.
考点1　need的用法
原文再现
·You need to take breaks away from the computer.(八下第2页2d)
考点归纳
考点即练
1．Tom，look at your shorts.They’re so dirty.They need washing(wash)．
2．I need to find(find) out the person who helped me two years ago.
3．—Must the children get up at six tomorrow morning
—No，they .Let them have a good sleep on weekends.
A．can’t B．needn’t
C．mustn’t D．may not
答案　B
考点2　trouble的用法
原文再现
·It’s sad that many people don’t want to help others because they don’t want any trouble.
(八下第3页3a)
·Do you agree that people often do not help others because they do not want to get into trouble？
(八下第3页3c)
考点归纳
考点即练
1．I have some trouble reading(read) the letter，for his handwriting is very bad.
2．If I don’t get this finished in time，I’ll be in trouble.
3．I advise you to do it at once or you will get into trouble.
4．他说从零重力的太空中返回的宇航员经常会遇到平衡问题。
He said that astronauts returning from the zero gravity of space often have trouble with balance.
考点3　mean的用法
原文再现
·This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of.(八下第6页2b)
考点归纳
*Success means working hard.
成功意味着努力工作。
*I mean to visit an old friend.
我打算去看一位老朋友。
*The sign means that the road is blocked.
这个标志表示此路不通。
考点即练
用mean或所给词的适当形式填空
1．He’s too mean to buy a present for his wife.
2．In China，we use red paper for hongbao because red means good luck.
3．—I don’t know the meaning of “fetch”．
—Let’s look up the word in the dictionary.
4．Green is more than just a color.It also means taking(take) special steps to protect the environment.
考点4　辨析sick与ill
原文再现
·Someone felt sick.(八下第5页1b)
·The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.(八下第9页1b)
考点归纳
单词 用法
sick 生病的 作表语be sick＝be ill
作定语a sick man
adj. 恶心的，想吐的，令人作呕的
与定冠词连用 the sick病人
ill 生病的，只能作表语be ill
考点即练
选词填空
1．A healthy beggar is happier than a(n) sick king.
2．The old man has been ill/sick in bed for a long time.
3．The smell makes me sick.
考点5　辨析take，bring，carry与get
原文再现
·He told the passengers that he must take the man to the hospital.(八下第3页3a)
·...，so normal things like answering the telephone，opening and closing doors，or carrying things are difficult for me.(八下第14页2b)
·After six months of training with a dog at Animal Helpers，I was able to bring him home.
(八下第14页2b)
·For example，I say，“Lucky！Get my book，” and he does it at once.(八下第14页2b)
考点归纳
单词 词性、词义 用法
take v.带走 常与there连用，take sb./sth. to sp.表示“带某人/某物去某地”
bring v.拿来 常与here连用，bring sb./sth. to sp.表示“把某人/某物带到某地来”
carry v.搬运 不强调方向，带有负重的意思
get v.得到，获取；去拿来 get sth. for sb.＝get sb. sth.表示“给某人拿来某物”(强调来回)
考点即练
选词填空
Last Saturday，some students went to the farm to help with farm work.At first，they sang some songs for the farmers.This brought happiness to them.Then the students began to work.The apple trees needed watering.So three boys got water to water them.Another five boys collected the rubbish on the farm and took them away to the dustbin.Some students helped to pick fruits and others carried them to the truck.They were tired but they felt very happy.