2024届高考英语二轮核心突破--形容词副词学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语二轮核心突破--形容词副词学案（含答案） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2024-03-11 23:17:48 | ||
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专题四 形容词副词
复习目标
形容词副词 形容词、副词的级 比较级和最高级的变化规则
比较级和最高级的不规则变化
平级、比较级和最高级的用法
形容词词性转换 名词、动词转换形容词
动词转换形容词(-ed, -ing)
副词词性转换 形容词转换副词
考点解读
核心考点一 形容词、副词的级
大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
(一)规则变化：
构成 原级 比较级 最高级
一般在词尾加-er，-est great, hard greater, harder greatest, hardest
以字母e结尾只加-r，-st nice, wide nicer, wider nicest, widest
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写这一辅音字母后再加-er， -est big, hot bigger, hotter biggest, hottest
以辅音字母+y结尾的词，将y变为i再加-er，-est happy, early happier, earlier happiest, earliest
在双音节和多音节词前加more或most difficult,difficultly more difficult,more difficultly most difficult,most difficultly
(二)不规则变化：
原级 比较级 最高级
good, well better best
bad, ill, badly worse worst
little less least
much, many more most
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
(三)平级、比较级和最高级的用法
平级比较
1. ＂as＋形容词＋(a/an)＋名词＋as＂表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。
eg：It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.
人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。
2. ＂as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as＂与＂not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as＂表示同级比较，即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。
eg：The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.
这项工作不是像你想像的那么难。
比较级
1. 比较级的修饰语有: rather, much，still, any(否定句、疑问句中), even, far, a lot, a bit, a little, a great deal等。
eg：He is much taller than Yao Ming.他比姚明高多了。
eg：The book is far better than that one.这本书比那本书要好得多。
2. 比较级的常见结构：
(1)＂比较级+than＂结构可以表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况。
(2)由more, fewer, less+名词构成的比较级
①more ＂比……多＂，后接复数名词或不可数名词
②less ＂比……少＂，后接不可数名词
③fewer＂比……少＂，后接复数名词
3. 比较级的特殊结构
(1)＂the+比较级，the+比较级＂表示“越……，越……”
eg. The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make. 你越认真，犯的错误越少。
(2)＂比较级 and 比较级＂和＂more and more+多音节词原级＂表示＂越来越……＂
eg. He is getting taller and taller. 他变得越来越高了。
(3)＂the＋比较级＋of the two ＋名词＂表示＂两者中较……的那个＂
eg. Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.看那两个男孩，我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。
最高级
1. 最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like。
2. 最高级的常见结构
①the +最高级+比较范围
eg. He was the best dancer in LA. 他曾是洛杉矶舞跳得最好的人。
②one of +最高级+名词复数
eg. He’s one of my best friends.他是我最要好的朋友之一。
【名师点津】
①比较级表最高级
比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词 eg. She works harder than any other student in her class.
比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词 eg. He runs faster than all the other runners in the race.
比较级＋than＋anyone else eg. Jack did more work than anyone else.
②表示倍数的几个常见句型
倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as... eg. This big stone is three times as heavy as that one.
倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than... eg. The car runs twice faster than the bike.
倍数＋the＋性质名词(size/length/height等)＋of... eg. This river is four times the length of that river.
小试牛刀
1．Actions speak (loud) than words. To compliment Huan Huan’s mother’s food, I ate more of it. （所给词的适当形式填空）
2．Of the two boys，Jim is the (young) one，and he is also the one who loves to be noisy. （所给词的适当形式填空）
3．The louder the sound is, the (little) time it takes to cause damage.(所给词的适当形式填空）
4．He screams the (loud)of all.（所给词的适当形式填空）
5．My kids had never been (interested) in my job than when I was on the Bei Bei beat. （所给词的适当形式填空）
核心考点二 形容词词性转换
(一)名词、动词转换形容词
转换范例：
1．名词＋al(表示“有……属性”或“与……有关”)→形容词
agriculture→agricultural 农业的 nation→national 国家的
2．动词/名词＋able/ible→形容词
accept→acceptable 可接受的 access→accessible 容易达到的
3．动词＋ive→形容词
act→active 积极的instruct→instructive 具有教育意义的
4．名词＋ful→形容词
care→careful 仔细的;认真的
5．名词＋y/ly→形容词
wealth→wealthy 富裕的 friend→friendly 友好的
6．名词＋ous→形容词
danger→dangerous 危险的 mountain→mountainous 多山的
7．以some结尾的形容词
tire→tiresome 令人厌烦的
8．以a为首构成的形容词
live→alive 活(着)的wake→awake 醒着的
小试牛刀
6．It’s (use) to be able to make snow when nature doesn’t provide enough. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7．The artist often said art creation is a (person) matter unrelated to anyone else and that modern artists should not be bound by the environment, tradition or themselves. （所给词的适当形式填空）
(二)动词转换形容词(-ed, -ing)
1. 以ing结尾的动词变化而来的形容词一般修饰物，译为＂令人……的＂，常作定语;主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，若用它们说明人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。
2. 以-ed结尾的动词变化而来的形容词一般修饰人，译为＂(人)……的＂，常作表语;通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。
encouraging 令人鼓舞的 encouraged 受到鼓舞的
interesting 有趣的 interested 感兴趣的
astonishing令人惊呆的 astonished 惊呆的
surprising 令人惊奇的 surprised感到好奇的
moving 令人感动的 moved 感动的
frightening令人害怕的 frightened害怕的
terrifying令人恐惧 terrified感到恐惧的
puzzling 令人困惑不解的 puzzled感到困惑的
satisfying令人满意的 satisfied感到满意的
tiring 令人厌倦 tired感到厌烦的
amazing令人惊讶的 amazed感到惊讶的
boring 令人讨厌的 bored感到厌烦的
exciting令人兴奋的 excited感到激动的
touching 触动人心的 touched感动的
embarrassing令人尴尬的 embarrassed尴尬的
小试牛刀
8．The son started these (amaze) trips with his father because the father got cancer—a serious illness. （所给词的适当形式填空）
2.(短文改错)I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.
核心考点三 副词词性转换
形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀：
一般直接加，―元(e)去e加，―辅(y)改i加，le结尾e改y。
分别举例如下：quick—quickly; true—truly; happy—happily; possible—possibly
变化形式 例词
直接加ly(表示以某种方式) slow→slowly 缓慢地extreme→extremely 极端
以辅音字母加y结尾的单词，改y为i，加ly happy→happily 高兴地merry→merrily 快乐地
去e加ly true→truly 真正地
以le结尾的形容词去e加y simple→simply简单地gentle→gently温柔地
小试牛刀
9．Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could (safe) wait for the police to take her home. （所给词的适当形式填空）
真题演练
10．When he looked down, he (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge. （所给词的适当形式填空）
11．The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12．（2022全国乙卷）“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the (large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. （所给词的适当形式填空）
13．（2022年全国甲卷） Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey. (所给词的适当形式填空)
14．（2022年全国甲卷） In the last five years. Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s (high) mountain. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15．Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could (safe) wait for the police to take her home. （所给词的适当形式填空）
16．After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what (good) than to ride on a piece of history!(所给词的适当形式填空）
17．Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their (day) routines. (所给词的适当形式填空）
9.We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise.试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．louder
2．younger
3．less
4．loudest
5．more interested
6．useful
7．personal
8．amazing
9．safely
10．accidentally
11．eventually
12．largest
13．meaningful
14．highest
15．safely
16．better
17．daily
答案第1页，共2页
答案第1页，共2页
复习目标
形容词副词 形容词、副词的级 比较级和最高级的变化规则
比较级和最高级的不规则变化
平级、比较级和最高级的用法
形容词词性转换 名词、动词转换形容词
动词转换形容词(-ed, -ing)
副词词性转换 形容词转换副词
考点解读
核心考点一 形容词、副词的级
大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
(一)规则变化：
构成 原级 比较级 最高级
一般在词尾加-er，-est great, hard greater, harder greatest, hardest
以字母e结尾只加-r，-st nice, wide nicer, wider nicest, widest
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写这一辅音字母后再加-er， -est big, hot bigger, hotter biggest, hottest
以辅音字母+y结尾的词，将y变为i再加-er，-est happy, early happier, earlier happiest, earliest
在双音节和多音节词前加more或most difficult,difficultly more difficult,more difficultly most difficult,most difficultly
(二)不规则变化：
原级 比较级 最高级
good, well better best
bad, ill, badly worse worst
little less least
much, many more most
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
(三)平级、比较级和最高级的用法
平级比较
1. ＂as＋形容词＋(a/an)＋名词＋as＂表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。
eg：It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.
人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。
2. ＂as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as＂与＂not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as＂表示同级比较，即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。
eg：The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.
这项工作不是像你想像的那么难。
比较级
1. 比较级的修饰语有: rather, much，still, any(否定句、疑问句中), even, far, a lot, a bit, a little, a great deal等。
eg：He is much taller than Yao Ming.他比姚明高多了。
eg：The book is far better than that one.这本书比那本书要好得多。
2. 比较级的常见结构：
(1)＂比较级+than＂结构可以表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况。
(2)由more, fewer, less+名词构成的比较级
①more ＂比……多＂，后接复数名词或不可数名词
②less ＂比……少＂，后接不可数名词
③fewer＂比……少＂，后接复数名词
3. 比较级的特殊结构
(1)＂the+比较级，the+比较级＂表示“越……，越……”
eg. The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make. 你越认真，犯的错误越少。
(2)＂比较级 and 比较级＂和＂more and more+多音节词原级＂表示＂越来越……＂
eg. He is getting taller and taller. 他变得越来越高了。
(3)＂the＋比较级＋of the two ＋名词＂表示＂两者中较……的那个＂
eg. Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.看那两个男孩，我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。
最高级
1. 最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like。
2. 最高级的常见结构
①the +最高级+比较范围
eg. He was the best dancer in LA. 他曾是洛杉矶舞跳得最好的人。
②one of +最高级+名词复数
eg. He’s one of my best friends.他是我最要好的朋友之一。
【名师点津】
①比较级表最高级
比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词 eg. She works harder than any other student in her class.
比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词 eg. He runs faster than all the other runners in the race.
比较级＋than＋anyone else eg. Jack did more work than anyone else.
②表示倍数的几个常见句型
倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as... eg. This big stone is three times as heavy as that one.
倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than... eg. The car runs twice faster than the bike.
倍数＋the＋性质名词(size/length/height等)＋of... eg. This river is four times the length of that river.
小试牛刀
1．Actions speak (loud) than words. To compliment Huan Huan’s mother’s food, I ate more of it. （所给词的适当形式填空）
2．Of the two boys，Jim is the (young) one，and he is also the one who loves to be noisy. （所给词的适当形式填空）
3．The louder the sound is, the (little) time it takes to cause damage.(所给词的适当形式填空）
4．He screams the (loud)of all.（所给词的适当形式填空）
5．My kids had never been (interested) in my job than when I was on the Bei Bei beat. （所给词的适当形式填空）
核心考点二 形容词词性转换
(一)名词、动词转换形容词
转换范例：
1．名词＋al(表示“有……属性”或“与……有关”)→形容词
agriculture→agricultural 农业的 nation→national 国家的
2．动词/名词＋able/ible→形容词
accept→acceptable 可接受的 access→accessible 容易达到的
3．动词＋ive→形容词
act→active 积极的instruct→instructive 具有教育意义的
4．名词＋ful→形容词
care→careful 仔细的;认真的
5．名词＋y/ly→形容词
wealth→wealthy 富裕的 friend→friendly 友好的
6．名词＋ous→形容词
danger→dangerous 危险的 mountain→mountainous 多山的
7．以some结尾的形容词
tire→tiresome 令人厌烦的
8．以a为首构成的形容词
live→alive 活(着)的wake→awake 醒着的
小试牛刀
6．It’s (use) to be able to make snow when nature doesn’t provide enough. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7．The artist often said art creation is a (person) matter unrelated to anyone else and that modern artists should not be bound by the environment, tradition or themselves. （所给词的适当形式填空）
(二)动词转换形容词(-ed, -ing)
1. 以ing结尾的动词变化而来的形容词一般修饰物，译为＂令人……的＂，常作定语;主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，若用它们说明人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。
2. 以-ed结尾的动词变化而来的形容词一般修饰人，译为＂(人)……的＂，常作表语;通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。
encouraging 令人鼓舞的 encouraged 受到鼓舞的
interesting 有趣的 interested 感兴趣的
astonishing令人惊呆的 astonished 惊呆的
surprising 令人惊奇的 surprised感到好奇的
moving 令人感动的 moved 感动的
frightening令人害怕的 frightened害怕的
terrifying令人恐惧 terrified感到恐惧的
puzzling 令人困惑不解的 puzzled感到困惑的
satisfying令人满意的 satisfied感到满意的
tiring 令人厌倦 tired感到厌烦的
amazing令人惊讶的 amazed感到惊讶的
boring 令人讨厌的 bored感到厌烦的
exciting令人兴奋的 excited感到激动的
touching 触动人心的 touched感动的
embarrassing令人尴尬的 embarrassed尴尬的
小试牛刀
8．The son started these (amaze) trips with his father because the father got cancer—a serious illness. （所给词的适当形式填空）
2.(短文改错)I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.
核心考点三 副词词性转换
形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀：
一般直接加，―元(e)去e加，―辅(y)改i加，le结尾e改y。
分别举例如下：quick—quickly; true—truly; happy—happily; possible—possibly
变化形式 例词
直接加ly(表示以某种方式) slow→slowly 缓慢地extreme→extremely 极端
以辅音字母加y结尾的单词，改y为i，加ly happy→happily 高兴地merry→merrily 快乐地
去e加ly true→truly 真正地
以le结尾的形容词去e加y simple→simply简单地gentle→gently温柔地
小试牛刀
9．Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could (safe) wait for the police to take her home. （所给词的适当形式填空）
真题演练
10．When he looked down, he (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge. （所给词的适当形式填空）
11．The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12．（2022全国乙卷）“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the (large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. （所给词的适当形式填空）
13．（2022年全国甲卷） Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey. (所给词的适当形式填空)
14．（2022年全国甲卷） In the last five years. Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s (high) mountain. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15．Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could (safe) wait for the police to take her home. （所给词的适当形式填空）
16．After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what (good) than to ride on a piece of history!(所给词的适当形式填空）
17．Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their (day) routines. (所给词的适当形式填空）
9.We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise.试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．louder
2．younger
3．less
4．loudest
5．more interested
6．useful
7．personal
8．amazing
9．safely
10．accidentally
11．eventually
12．largest
13．meaningful
14．highest
15．safely
16．better
17．daily
答案第1页，共2页
答案第1页，共2页