人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 5 Working the Land 词汇默写 词性转换 必备短语 重点词汇讲解 单元语法 重点句式学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 5 Working the Land 词汇默写 词性转换 必备短语 重点词汇讲解 单元语法 重点句式学案（含答案） |  | |
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新人教选择性必修一Unit 5 Working the Land词汇默写+词性转换+必备短语+重点词汇讲解+单元语法+重点句式知识清单
Part one Words and Phrases
一、单元词汇默写
1. _____________ n. 杂交植(动)物;合成物; 混合动力车
2. ____________ vt. 把…献(给);把…专用于;专心于
3. ________________________把…用于;献身;致力;专心
4. ____________ n. 不足;缺少;短缺
5. ____________ vt. 解决(难题);应付(局面);处理
6. ____________ n. (pl. crises/-siz/)危机;危急关头
7. ____________ vt. 使增长;使兴旺n.增长;提高;激励
8. _______ n. 产量;产出.出产(作物);产生(收益、效益等)vi.屈服;让步
9. ____________ vt. 使相信;使确信;说服
10. ____________ n. 特征;特点;品质adj.典型的;独特的
11. ____________ vt. (通常经过努力)获得;得到
12. ____________ adj. 传统的;习惯的
13. ____________ vt. 授粉;传粉
14. ____________ n. 假定;设定;(责任的);承担;(权利的)获得
15. ____________ adj. 热切的;十分强烈的;激烈的
16. ____________ vt. (____________,____________)克服;解决;战胜
17. ____________ vt.＆vi.扩大;增加vt.扩展;发展(业务)
18. ____________ n. 产量;输出;输出量vt.( ____________,____________)输出
19. ____________ vt. 估计;估价;估算n.估计;估算
20. ____________ adj 本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的
21. ____________ n. 消耗;消耗量;消费
22. ____________ vt 包括;包含;由…组成
23. __________________包括;包含;由…组成(或构成)
24. ____________ vt. 产生;引起
25. ____________ n. (动、植物的)系; 品种; 拉伤; 压力
26. ____________ n. 闲暇;休闲;空闲
27. ____________ 在内心深处;本质上;实际上
28. ____________ n. 名望;名誉;名人;名流
29. ____________ vt. 展望;想象
30. ____________ n. 想象;视力;视野;影像
31. ____________ n. 现实;实际情况;事实
32. ____________ adj 含盐的;成的
33. ____________ adj 城市的;都市的;城镇的
34. ____________ n. 扩建部分;扩大;电话分机
35. ____________ adj. 与化学有关的;化学的n.化学制品;化学品
36. ____________ n. 味道;特点;特色
37. ____________ n. 肥料
38. ____________ adj. 营养(物)的
39. ____________ adj 有营养的;营养丰富的
40. ____________ n. 营养;滋养
41. ____________ vt. 减轻;缓解
42. ____________ n. 贫穷;贫困
43. ____________ adj. 有机的;不使用化肥的;有机物的
44. ____________ n. 杀虫剂;除害药物
45. ____________ a. 分布广的;普遍的;广泛的
46. ________________________ 相应地;转而;依次;轮流
47. ____________ vt.＆vi.消化v.领会;领悟 n.摘要;文摘
48. ____________ adj. 完全必要的;极其重要的
49. ____________ n. 可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的;非传统的
50. ____________ n. 食品杂货店;[pl.]食品杂货
51. ____________ n. 例子;实例;事例
52. ________________________ 例如;比如
53. ____________n. 向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)
54. ____________ adv. 全部地;完整地;完全地
____________ n. 方面;层面
重点单词词性转换
shortage n．不足；缺少；短缺→short adj.短的
devotevt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→devoted adj.忠诚的；挚爱的；专心的→devotion n．献身；奉献；忠诚
assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得→assumev．假定；认为；承担
consumption n．消耗；消耗量；消费→consumev．消耗；消费
reality n．现实；实际情况；事实→real adj.真的；真实的；现实的
convincevt.使相信；使确信；说服→convincing adj.令人信服的
generatevt.产生；引起→generation n．产生；一代人
extension n．扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→extendv．延伸；扩大；推广
entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地→entire adj.完整的；完全的
nutritional adj.营养(物)的→nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的→nutrition n．营养；滋养
bacterium n．细菌→bacteria n．(pl.)细菌
depth n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)→deep adj.深的；深远的
必备短语
devote...to把……用于；献身；致力；专心
be comprised of包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)
deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上
be used for被用于……
depend on依靠
because of因为；由于
far from远非；绝不是
care for在意；喜欢
succeed in doing sth.成功地做某事
dream up凭空想出(不同寻常的计划、主意)
in use在使用；被使用
in turn相应地；转而；轮流；依次
cause damage to对……造成损害
be rich in富含……；……含量高
switch to转向
focus on关注；聚焦
for instance例如；比如
prefer to do...更喜欢做……
keep...from doing...阻止……做……
一词多义
1.boost vt.使增长；使兴旺 n．增长；提高；激励
①These changes will help to boost food prices.(vt.使增长)
②This has given clothing prices a big boost.(n．增长)
③This measure will be a great boost to the economy.(n．激励)
2.expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务)
①The ranks of the teachers are constantly expanding.(vi.扩大；增加)
②The merchant wants to expand his business.(vt.扩大)
③The writer expanded his short novel into a long one.(vt.扩展)
3.estimate vt.估计；估价；估算 n．估计；估算
①The painter's estimate for painting the whole house was 1，000 dollars. (n．估计；估价)
②This painting is estimated at $200 $300. (vt. 估价)
③He estimated the speed of the winds from the degree of damage.(vt. 估算)
4.characteristic n．特征；特点；品质 adj.典型的；独特的)
①The two species have several characteristics in common.(n.特征；特点)
②I recognized his characteristic walk.(adj.典型的；独特的)
③Independence is the outstanding characteristic of a person.(n.品质)
重点词汇讲解
1.devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于
We should devote everything we have.
我们应该奉献我们的一切。
He devoted a great sum of money to books.
他花了一大笔钱买书。
[知识拓展]
devote...to (doing)sth. 把……献给(做)某事
devote oneself to...
＝be devoted to... 献身于；专心致力于
他将一生奉献给了教育事业。
He devoted himself entirely/all his life to education.
→ devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的
→ devotion n. 奉献；关爱
He could only devote two hours a day to the project, but his devotion to duty is worth respecting.
他一天只能在这个项目上花两个小时，但他忠于职守是值得尊敬的。
2.convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服
Robert's expression had obviously convinced her of his innocence.
罗伯特的表情显然使她相信他是清白的。
She needed to find a way to convince Michel he was wrong.
她需要想办法使米歇尔相信他错了。
[知识拓展]
convince sb.of sth. 使某人确信/明白某事
convince sb.that... 使某人相信……
convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事
我们一直在试图说服他放弃那个计划。
We've been trying to convince him to give up the plan．
她说的话让我相信我错了。
What she said convinced me that I was mistaken.
→ convincing adj. 令人信服的
→ convincingly adv. 令人信服地；有说服力地
→ convinced adj. 确信的；坚信的
be convinced of 相信……
be convinced (that)...(某人)相信……
3.assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得
She's always making assumptions about how much money people have.
她总在猜别人有多少钱。
Your argument is based on a set of questionable assumptions.
你的论证建立在一套有问题的假设上。
[知识拓展]
make an assumption认为；假定
on the assumption that...假定……
→ assume v. 假定；设想
assume sb./sth.to be 假定/假设某人/某事为
It is assumed that... 一般认为……
It is generally assumed that too much work will cause stress.
在听到对他不利的证词之前，你假定他是无罪的。
You assume him to be innocent before hearing the evidence against him.
→ assuming(that)... 假设/假定……
一般认为，过重的工作会造成压力。
In most cases a false assumption would lead to a problem for the project, since we usually tend to assume that things will go the way we want.
在大部分的情况下，错误的假定会导致项目发生问题，因为我们通常倾向于假定事情会如我们所希望般的发生。
4.overcome vt.(overcame, overcome)克服；解决；战胜
In the final game Sweden easily overcame France.
在决赛中，瑞典队轻松战胜了法国队。
I would overcome any weakness, any despair, any fear.
我要克服所有的软弱、绝望和恐惧。
[知识拓展]
overcome difficulties战胜困难
be overcome with... 因……而受不了
他克服了种种困难最终取得了成功。
He overcame all kinds of difficulties and succeeded at last.
5.expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务)
The petals of many flowers expand in the sunshine.
许多花瓣在阳光下绽放。
The business has expanded greatly over the last year.
过去的一年里， 这家公司极大地增加了业务量。
[知识拓展]
expand ...into... 把……扩展/发展成……
expand into... 发展成/扩大成……
expand on sth. 细说(阐述)……
请你把这一点详细说明一下，好吗？
Could you expand on this point, please
→ expansion n.扩张；膨胀；扩展；扩大
辨析：expand, extend, spread
6.be comprised of... 包括......；包含......；由……组成(或构成)
The committee is comprised of representatives from both public and private sectors.
委员会由政府和私人部门的双方代表组成。
Groups are comprised of two or more people.
小组由两人或两人以上组成。
[知识拓展]
be composed of...由……组成
consist of...由……组成
be made up of...由……组成，构成
救援队由8个士兵和2个医生组成。
The rescue team is composed of eight soldiers and two doctors.
＝ The rescue team consists of eight soldiers and two doctors.
＝The rescue team is made up of eight soldiers and two doctors.
[名师点津]
consist of...没有被动语态，相当于be made up of...或be composed of...，且不用于进行时。
7.deep down 在内心深处；本质上；实际上
Deep down, Yuan Longping is still very much a farmer at heart.
在内心深处，袁隆平还是一个很有农民情怀的人。
→ deeply adv. 很，非常；强烈地，深深地
→ deepen vi.&vt. 加深,加深（理解）
→ depth n. 向下（或向里）的距离；深（度）
in depth 全面；深入；详细
at a depth of... 在...的深处
8.in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流
This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them.
这影响生长在土地上的农作物，转而又影响消化他们的动物和人类。
9.far from... 几乎相反，远非；远离 [表示具体距离时用(away) from不用far from]
However, this is far from the case.
然而，事实远非如此。
I know a good Chinese restaurant not far from here。
我知道有家不错的中国餐馆离这里不远。
Part two Grammar
主语从句
However , what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests ...然而，最让他担心的是，农民常常粮食歉收……( what 引导主语从句，在从句中作主语）[P50]
However , whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self - pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate ．然而，是否有可能培育出一种自花传粉的杂交植物，例如水稻，这是一个有很大争议的问题。( whether 引导主语从句，起连接作用，在从句中不作成分）[P50]
Today , it is estimated that about 60 percent of omestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan ' s hybrid strains ...据估计，目前中国国内消费的稻米有约60％来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物……( it 是形式主语； that 引导主语从句，起连接作用，在从句中不作成分）[P50]
在复合句中充当主语的句子叫作主语从句。主语从句的引导词有三类：连接代词、连接副词、连接词。
①连接代词引导的主语从句
连接代词 what , who , whom , whose , which , whatever , whichever , whoever 等引导主语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。主语从句用陈述句语序。
● What they are after is profit .他们追求的是利润。( What 在主语从句中作宾语）
● Whichever one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it .你们当中无论哪一个人打破窗户都必须赔偿。( Whichever 在主语从句中作定语）
特别注意·
引导主语从句时， what , who 等指具体的物或人； whatever , whoever 等表示任何一个物或人。
②连接副词引导的主语从句
连接副词 when , where , why , how 等引导主语从句时，在从句中作状语。
● Where Li Bai , a great Chinese poet , was born is known to the public , but some won ' t accept it .中国伟大诗人李白的出生地为大众所熟知，但是有些人不接受这个事实。( Where 引导主语从句，在从句中作地点状语）
● How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel ．我们如何理解事物与我们的感受息息相关。( How 引导主语从句，在从句中作方式状语）
● When the delayed flight will take off depends uch on the weather ．延误的航班将在何时起飞主要取决于天气。( When 引导主语从句，在从句中作时间状语）
③连接词 that , whether , if 引导的主语从句
(1) that 引导主语从句时，没有实际意义，在从句中不作具体成分，只起连接作用，但是不可省略。
● That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them .从她们的面貌相似度就能明显看出她们其实是姐妹。
特别注意．
that 与 what 引导主语从句的区别： that 没有实际意义，不作任何成分；而 what 有实际意义，在主语从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。(2) whether 和 if 引导主语从句，意为"是否"，不作句子成分，只起连接作用，但是不可省略。
特别注意．
主语从句位于主句谓语动词之前，表示"是否"时，只能用 whether 。若 it 作形式主语，则用 if 或 whether 引导主语从句均可。
● Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution ．我们能否有干净的饮用水取决于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。
● It remains to be seen if / whether the newly formed committee ' s policy can be put into practice .新组建的委员会制定的政策能否实施还有待观察。
it 作形式主语的主语从句
①it + be ＋形容词（ obvious , true , natural , surprising , wonderful , funny , possible , likely , certain , probable 等）＋从句
● It is obvious that he didn ' t tell the truth .很明显他没有说实话。
● It ' s funny how some distance makes everything seem small ．有趣的是，距离令所有东西都显得渺小了。
② it + be ＋名词词组（ no wonder , an honour , a good thing , a pity , no surprise 等）＋从句
● It ' s no wonder that you ' ve got a headache when you drank so much last night .昨晚你喝了那么多酒，难怪你头痛。
● It is a pity that you didn ' t go to see the film yesterday ．你昨天没去看那部电影真遗憾。
③ it + be ＋过去分词（ said , reported , thought , expected , decided , announced , arranged , acknowledged , estimated , agreed 等）＋从句
● It ' s reported that large crowds in China bid farewell to Yuan Longping , the " father of hybrid rice ", dead in May in Changsha .据报道，在中国，有大批群众为5月份在长沙去世的"杂交水稻之父"袁隆平送行。
● It has been proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life ．事实证明，儿时食用蔬菜有助于保护你在以后的生活中免受重大疾病的侵扰。It happens that he enjoys pop songs very much .碰巧他非常喜欢流行歌曲。 it 作形式主语时，从句作真正的主语。
④ it ＋动词／动词词组（ happen , doesn ' t matter , turn out , occur to sb , make no difference 等）＋从句·
● It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office ．他突然想起来他把钥匙落在办公室里了。
Part three sentence
重点句式
1.what引导主语从句
(教材P50)However，what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
然而，最让他担心的是农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。
句式分析：句中what concerned him most为what引导的主语从句。
[例1] What we need is money.
我们需要的是钱。
[例2] What I want to know is this.
我想知道的就是这一点。
[知识拓展]
what是连接代词，引导的从句可以作主语、宾语或表语；what本身在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。
What made her angry was not clear.
是什么使他哭的还不清楚。
[名师点津]
what除引导从句外，还在从句中作成分，意为“所……的(东西)”，在含义上等于“名词＋that”。that引导名词性从句只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，无意义，在宾语从句中通常省略，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中均不能省略。
It's the best that you should work hard．
你最好还是努力工作。
2.It is/was＋过去分词＋that...
(教材P50～51)Today，it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains.
据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物。
句式分析：句中it is estimated that“据估算”为 “It is/was＋过去分词＋that...” 结构。it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。
[例1] It is estimated that every year 50 unaccompanied children arrive in Britain.
据估计，每年有50名儿童独自来到英国。
[例2] It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old.
据估计这花瓶有两千年历史。
[知识拓展]
(1)常用于此结构的动词有say，report，think，hope，suggest，believe，require，announce等。
(2)此句型可改写为“sb./sth.＋be said/believed/thought＋to do”或“people say/think...(that)...”结构。
It is estimated that the meeting will last four days.
这次会议预计要开4天。
It is said that he has passed the driving test.
→He is said to have passed the driving test.
据说他已经通过了驾照考试。
3.given that...引导的状语从句
(教材P51)Given that Yuan's hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
句式分析：given that...意为“考虑到……”，引导的是一个状语从句。
[例1] Given that they're inexperienced, they've done a good job.
在缺乏经验的情况下， 他们的工作已经算是做得相当不错了。
[例2] Given that he gracefully apologized, the woman accepted his apology.
在他有礼貌地道歉后，这位女士接受了他的道歉。
[知识拓展]
(1)用作give 的过去分词，引出过去分词短语作状语，意为“如果有……”，“假定……”等义，此时要注意其逻辑主语与句子主语保持一致。
(2)可用作介词，后接名词或代词，意为“考虑到”或“鉴于”。
(3)用作形容词，意为“特定的”“一定的”“规定的”等，通常用作定语。
(4)given 后也可接 that 从句，表示“考虑到”。
If the trees had been given more attention, they could be grown better.
→Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
Given her interest in children, I'm sure teaching is the right career for her.
→Given that she is interested in children, I'm sure teaching is the right career for her.
单元词汇参考答案
56. hybrid n. 杂交植(动)物;合成物; 混合动力车
57. devote vt. 把…献(给);把…专用于;专心于
58. devote...to 把…用于;献身;致力;专心
59. shortage n. 不足;缺少;短缺
60. tackle vt. 解决(难题);应付(局面);处理
61. crisis n. (pl. crises/-siz/)危机;危急关头
62. boost vt. 使增长;使兴旺n.增长;提高;激励
63. yield n. 产量;产出.出产(作物);产生(收益、效益等)vi.屈服;让步
64. convince vt. 使相信;使确信;说服
65. characteristic n. 特征;特点;品质adj.典型的;独特的
66. attain vt. (通常经过努力)获得;得到
67. conventional adj. 传统的;习惯的
68. pollinate vt. 授粉;传粉
69. assumption n. 假定;设定;(责任的);承担;(权利的)获得
70. intense adj. 热切的;十分强烈的;激烈的
71. overcome vt. ( overcame,overcome)克服;解决;战胜
72. expand vt.＆vi.扩大;增加vt.扩展;发展(业务)
73. output n. 产量;输出;输出量vt.( output,output)输出
74. estimate vt. 估计;估价;估算n.估计;估算
75. domestic adj 本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的
76. consumption n. 消耗;消耗量;消费
prise vt 包括;包含;由…组成
78. be comprised of 包括;包含;由…组成(或构成)
79. generate vt. 产生;引起
80. strain n. (动、植物的)系; 品种; 拉伤; 压力
81. ensure n. 闲暇;休闲;空闲
82. deep down 在内心深处;本质上;实际上
83. celebrity n. 名望;名誉;名人;名流
84. envision vt. 展望;想象
85. vision n. 想象;视力;视野;影像
86. reality n. 现实;实际情况;事实
87. salty adj 含盐的;成的
88. urban adj 城市的;都市的;城镇的
89. extension n. 扩建部分;扩大;电话分机
90. chemical adj. 与化学有关的;化学的n.化学制品;化学品
91. flavor n. 味道;特点;特色
92. fertilizer n. 肥料
93. nutritional adj. 营养(物)的
94. nutritious adj 有营养的;营养丰富的
95. nutrition n. 营养;滋养
96. alleviate vt. 减轻;缓解
97. poverty n. 贫穷;贫困
98. organic adj. 有机的;不使用化肥的;有机物的
99. pesticide n. 杀虫剂;除害药物
100. widespread a. 分布广的;普遍的;广泛的
101. in turn 相应地;转而;依次;轮流
102. digest vt.＆vi.消化v.领会;领悟 n.摘要;文摘
103. essential adj. 完全必要的;极其重要的
104. alternative n. 可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的;非传统的
105. grocery n. 食品杂货店;[pl.]食品杂货
106. instance n. 例子;实例;事例
107. for instance 例如;比如
108. depth n. 向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)
109. entirely adv. 全部地;完整地;完全地
55. aspect n. 方面;层面
Part one Words and Phrases
一、单元词汇默写
1. _____________ n. 杂交植(动)物;合成物; 混合动力车
2. ____________ vt. 把…献(给);把…专用于;专心于
3. ________________________把…用于;献身;致力;专心
4. ____________ n. 不足;缺少;短缺
5. ____________ vt. 解决(难题);应付(局面);处理
6. ____________ n. (pl. crises/-siz/)危机;危急关头
7. ____________ vt. 使增长;使兴旺n.增长;提高;激励
8. _______ n. 产量;产出.出产(作物);产生(收益、效益等)vi.屈服;让步
9. ____________ vt. 使相信;使确信;说服
10. ____________ n. 特征;特点;品质adj.典型的;独特的
11. ____________ vt. (通常经过努力)获得;得到
12. ____________ adj. 传统的;习惯的
13. ____________ vt. 授粉;传粉
14. ____________ n. 假定;设定;(责任的);承担;(权利的)获得
15. ____________ adj. 热切的;十分强烈的;激烈的
16. ____________ vt. (____________,____________)克服;解决;战胜
17. ____________ vt.＆vi.扩大;增加vt.扩展;发展(业务)
18. ____________ n. 产量;输出;输出量vt.( ____________,____________)输出
19. ____________ vt. 估计;估价;估算n.估计;估算
20. ____________ adj 本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的
21. ____________ n. 消耗;消耗量;消费
22. ____________ vt 包括;包含;由…组成
23. __________________包括;包含;由…组成(或构成)
24. ____________ vt. 产生;引起
25. ____________ n. (动、植物的)系; 品种; 拉伤; 压力
26. ____________ n. 闲暇;休闲;空闲
27. ____________ 在内心深处;本质上;实际上
28. ____________ n. 名望;名誉;名人;名流
29. ____________ vt. 展望;想象
30. ____________ n. 想象;视力;视野;影像
31. ____________ n. 现实;实际情况;事实
32. ____________ adj 含盐的;成的
33. ____________ adj 城市的;都市的;城镇的
34. ____________ n. 扩建部分;扩大;电话分机
35. ____________ adj. 与化学有关的;化学的n.化学制品;化学品
36. ____________ n. 味道;特点;特色
37. ____________ n. 肥料
38. ____________ adj. 营养(物)的
39. ____________ adj 有营养的;营养丰富的
40. ____________ n. 营养;滋养
41. ____________ vt. 减轻;缓解
42. ____________ n. 贫穷;贫困
43. ____________ adj. 有机的;不使用化肥的;有机物的
44. ____________ n. 杀虫剂;除害药物
45. ____________ a. 分布广的;普遍的;广泛的
46. ________________________ 相应地;转而;依次;轮流
47. ____________ vt.＆vi.消化v.领会;领悟 n.摘要;文摘
48. ____________ adj. 完全必要的;极其重要的
49. ____________ n. 可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的;非传统的
50. ____________ n. 食品杂货店;[pl.]食品杂货
51. ____________ n. 例子;实例;事例
52. ________________________ 例如;比如
53. ____________n. 向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)
54. ____________ adv. 全部地;完整地;完全地
____________ n. 方面;层面
重点单词词性转换
shortage n．不足；缺少；短缺→short adj.短的
devotevt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→devoted adj.忠诚的；挚爱的；专心的→devotion n．献身；奉献；忠诚
assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得→assumev．假定；认为；承担
consumption n．消耗；消耗量；消费→consumev．消耗；消费
reality n．现实；实际情况；事实→real adj.真的；真实的；现实的
convincevt.使相信；使确信；说服→convincing adj.令人信服的
generatevt.产生；引起→generation n．产生；一代人
extension n．扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→extendv．延伸；扩大；推广
entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地→entire adj.完整的；完全的
nutritional adj.营养(物)的→nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的→nutrition n．营养；滋养
bacterium n．细菌→bacteria n．(pl.)细菌
depth n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)→deep adj.深的；深远的
必备短语
devote...to把……用于；献身；致力；专心
be comprised of包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)
deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上
be used for被用于……
depend on依靠
because of因为；由于
far from远非；绝不是
care for在意；喜欢
succeed in doing sth.成功地做某事
dream up凭空想出(不同寻常的计划、主意)
in use在使用；被使用
in turn相应地；转而；轮流；依次
cause damage to对……造成损害
be rich in富含……；……含量高
switch to转向
focus on关注；聚焦
for instance例如；比如
prefer to do...更喜欢做……
keep...from doing...阻止……做……
一词多义
1.boost vt.使增长；使兴旺 n．增长；提高；激励
①These changes will help to boost food prices.(vt.使增长)
②This has given clothing prices a big boost.(n．增长)
③This measure will be a great boost to the economy.(n．激励)
2.expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务)
①The ranks of the teachers are constantly expanding.(vi.扩大；增加)
②The merchant wants to expand his business.(vt.扩大)
③The writer expanded his short novel into a long one.(vt.扩展)
3.estimate vt.估计；估价；估算 n．估计；估算
①The painter's estimate for painting the whole house was 1，000 dollars. (n．估计；估价)
②This painting is estimated at $200 $300. (vt. 估价)
③He estimated the speed of the winds from the degree of damage.(vt. 估算)
4.characteristic n．特征；特点；品质 adj.典型的；独特的)
①The two species have several characteristics in common.(n.特征；特点)
②I recognized his characteristic walk.(adj.典型的；独特的)
③Independence is the outstanding characteristic of a person.(n.品质)
重点词汇讲解
1.devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于
We should devote everything we have.
我们应该奉献我们的一切。
He devoted a great sum of money to books.
他花了一大笔钱买书。
[知识拓展]
devote...to (doing)sth. 把……献给(做)某事
devote oneself to...
＝be devoted to... 献身于；专心致力于
他将一生奉献给了教育事业。
He devoted himself entirely/all his life to education.
→ devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的
→ devotion n. 奉献；关爱
He could only devote two hours a day to the project, but his devotion to duty is worth respecting.
他一天只能在这个项目上花两个小时，但他忠于职守是值得尊敬的。
2.convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服
Robert's expression had obviously convinced her of his innocence.
罗伯特的表情显然使她相信他是清白的。
She needed to find a way to convince Michel he was wrong.
她需要想办法使米歇尔相信他错了。
[知识拓展]
convince sb.of sth. 使某人确信/明白某事
convince sb.that... 使某人相信……
convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事
我们一直在试图说服他放弃那个计划。
We've been trying to convince him to give up the plan．
她说的话让我相信我错了。
What she said convinced me that I was mistaken.
→ convincing adj. 令人信服的
→ convincingly adv. 令人信服地；有说服力地
→ convinced adj. 确信的；坚信的
be convinced of 相信……
be convinced (that)...(某人)相信……
3.assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得
She's always making assumptions about how much money people have.
她总在猜别人有多少钱。
Your argument is based on a set of questionable assumptions.
你的论证建立在一套有问题的假设上。
[知识拓展]
make an assumption认为；假定
on the assumption that...假定……
→ assume v. 假定；设想
assume sb./sth.to be 假定/假设某人/某事为
It is assumed that... 一般认为……
It is generally assumed that too much work will cause stress.
在听到对他不利的证词之前，你假定他是无罪的。
You assume him to be innocent before hearing the evidence against him.
→ assuming(that)... 假设/假定……
一般认为，过重的工作会造成压力。
In most cases a false assumption would lead to a problem for the project, since we usually tend to assume that things will go the way we want.
在大部分的情况下，错误的假定会导致项目发生问题，因为我们通常倾向于假定事情会如我们所希望般的发生。
4.overcome vt.(overcame, overcome)克服；解决；战胜
In the final game Sweden easily overcame France.
在决赛中，瑞典队轻松战胜了法国队。
I would overcome any weakness, any despair, any fear.
我要克服所有的软弱、绝望和恐惧。
[知识拓展]
overcome difficulties战胜困难
be overcome with... 因……而受不了
他克服了种种困难最终取得了成功。
He overcame all kinds of difficulties and succeeded at last.
5.expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务)
The petals of many flowers expand in the sunshine.
许多花瓣在阳光下绽放。
The business has expanded greatly over the last year.
过去的一年里， 这家公司极大地增加了业务量。
[知识拓展]
expand ...into... 把……扩展/发展成……
expand into... 发展成/扩大成……
expand on sth. 细说(阐述)……
请你把这一点详细说明一下，好吗？
Could you expand on this point, please
→ expansion n.扩张；膨胀；扩展；扩大
辨析：expand, extend, spread
6.be comprised of... 包括......；包含......；由……组成(或构成)
The committee is comprised of representatives from both public and private sectors.
委员会由政府和私人部门的双方代表组成。
Groups are comprised of two or more people.
小组由两人或两人以上组成。
[知识拓展]
be composed of...由……组成
consist of...由……组成
be made up of...由……组成，构成
救援队由8个士兵和2个医生组成。
The rescue team is composed of eight soldiers and two doctors.
＝ The rescue team consists of eight soldiers and two doctors.
＝The rescue team is made up of eight soldiers and two doctors.
[名师点津]
consist of...没有被动语态，相当于be made up of...或be composed of...，且不用于进行时。
7.deep down 在内心深处；本质上；实际上
Deep down, Yuan Longping is still very much a farmer at heart.
在内心深处，袁隆平还是一个很有农民情怀的人。
→ deeply adv. 很，非常；强烈地，深深地
→ deepen vi.&vt. 加深,加深（理解）
→ depth n. 向下（或向里）的距离；深（度）
in depth 全面；深入；详细
at a depth of... 在...的深处
8.in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流
This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them.
这影响生长在土地上的农作物，转而又影响消化他们的动物和人类。
9.far from... 几乎相反，远非；远离 [表示具体距离时用(away) from不用far from]
However, this is far from the case.
然而，事实远非如此。
I know a good Chinese restaurant not far from here。
我知道有家不错的中国餐馆离这里不远。
Part two Grammar
主语从句
However , what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests ...然而，最让他担心的是，农民常常粮食歉收……( what 引导主语从句，在从句中作主语）[P50]
However , whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self - pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate ．然而，是否有可能培育出一种自花传粉的杂交植物，例如水稻，这是一个有很大争议的问题。( whether 引导主语从句，起连接作用，在从句中不作成分）[P50]
Today , it is estimated that about 60 percent of omestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan ' s hybrid strains ...据估计，目前中国国内消费的稻米有约60％来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物……( it 是形式主语； that 引导主语从句，起连接作用，在从句中不作成分）[P50]
在复合句中充当主语的句子叫作主语从句。主语从句的引导词有三类：连接代词、连接副词、连接词。
①连接代词引导的主语从句
连接代词 what , who , whom , whose , which , whatever , whichever , whoever 等引导主语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。主语从句用陈述句语序。
● What they are after is profit .他们追求的是利润。( What 在主语从句中作宾语）
● Whichever one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it .你们当中无论哪一个人打破窗户都必须赔偿。( Whichever 在主语从句中作定语）
特别注意·
引导主语从句时， what , who 等指具体的物或人； whatever , whoever 等表示任何一个物或人。
②连接副词引导的主语从句
连接副词 when , where , why , how 等引导主语从句时，在从句中作状语。
● Where Li Bai , a great Chinese poet , was born is known to the public , but some won ' t accept it .中国伟大诗人李白的出生地为大众所熟知，但是有些人不接受这个事实。( Where 引导主语从句，在从句中作地点状语）
● How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel ．我们如何理解事物与我们的感受息息相关。( How 引导主语从句，在从句中作方式状语）
● When the delayed flight will take off depends uch on the weather ．延误的航班将在何时起飞主要取决于天气。( When 引导主语从句，在从句中作时间状语）
③连接词 that , whether , if 引导的主语从句
(1) that 引导主语从句时，没有实际意义，在从句中不作具体成分，只起连接作用，但是不可省略。
● That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them .从她们的面貌相似度就能明显看出她们其实是姐妹。
特别注意．
that 与 what 引导主语从句的区别： that 没有实际意义，不作任何成分；而 what 有实际意义，在主语从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。(2) whether 和 if 引导主语从句，意为"是否"，不作句子成分，只起连接作用，但是不可省略。
特别注意．
主语从句位于主句谓语动词之前，表示"是否"时，只能用 whether 。若 it 作形式主语，则用 if 或 whether 引导主语从句均可。
● Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution ．我们能否有干净的饮用水取决于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。
● It remains to be seen if / whether the newly formed committee ' s policy can be put into practice .新组建的委员会制定的政策能否实施还有待观察。
it 作形式主语的主语从句
①it + be ＋形容词（ obvious , true , natural , surprising , wonderful , funny , possible , likely , certain , probable 等）＋从句
● It is obvious that he didn ' t tell the truth .很明显他没有说实话。
● It ' s funny how some distance makes everything seem small ．有趣的是，距离令所有东西都显得渺小了。
② it + be ＋名词词组（ no wonder , an honour , a good thing , a pity , no surprise 等）＋从句
● It ' s no wonder that you ' ve got a headache when you drank so much last night .昨晚你喝了那么多酒，难怪你头痛。
● It is a pity that you didn ' t go to see the film yesterday ．你昨天没去看那部电影真遗憾。
③ it + be ＋过去分词（ said , reported , thought , expected , decided , announced , arranged , acknowledged , estimated , agreed 等）＋从句
● It ' s reported that large crowds in China bid farewell to Yuan Longping , the " father of hybrid rice ", dead in May in Changsha .据报道，在中国，有大批群众为5月份在长沙去世的"杂交水稻之父"袁隆平送行。
● It has been proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life ．事实证明，儿时食用蔬菜有助于保护你在以后的生活中免受重大疾病的侵扰。It happens that he enjoys pop songs very much .碰巧他非常喜欢流行歌曲。 it 作形式主语时，从句作真正的主语。
④ it ＋动词／动词词组（ happen , doesn ' t matter , turn out , occur to sb , make no difference 等）＋从句·
● It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office ．他突然想起来他把钥匙落在办公室里了。
Part three sentence
重点句式
1.what引导主语从句
(教材P50)However，what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
然而，最让他担心的是农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。
句式分析：句中what concerned him most为what引导的主语从句。
[例1] What we need is money.
我们需要的是钱。
[例2] What I want to know is this.
我想知道的就是这一点。
[知识拓展]
what是连接代词，引导的从句可以作主语、宾语或表语；what本身在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。
What made her angry was not clear.
是什么使他哭的还不清楚。
[名师点津]
what除引导从句外，还在从句中作成分，意为“所……的(东西)”，在含义上等于“名词＋that”。that引导名词性从句只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，无意义，在宾语从句中通常省略，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中均不能省略。
It's the best that you should work hard．
你最好还是努力工作。
2.It is/was＋过去分词＋that...
(教材P50～51)Today，it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains.
据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物。
句式分析：句中it is estimated that“据估算”为 “It is/was＋过去分词＋that...” 结构。it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。
[例1] It is estimated that every year 50 unaccompanied children arrive in Britain.
据估计，每年有50名儿童独自来到英国。
[例2] It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old.
据估计这花瓶有两千年历史。
[知识拓展]
(1)常用于此结构的动词有say，report，think，hope，suggest，believe，require，announce等。
(2)此句型可改写为“sb./sth.＋be said/believed/thought＋to do”或“people say/think...(that)...”结构。
It is estimated that the meeting will last four days.
这次会议预计要开4天。
It is said that he has passed the driving test.
→He is said to have passed the driving test.
据说他已经通过了驾照考试。
3.given that...引导的状语从句
(教材P51)Given that Yuan's hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
句式分析：given that...意为“考虑到……”，引导的是一个状语从句。
[例1] Given that they're inexperienced, they've done a good job.
在缺乏经验的情况下， 他们的工作已经算是做得相当不错了。
[例2] Given that he gracefully apologized, the woman accepted his apology.
在他有礼貌地道歉后，这位女士接受了他的道歉。
[知识拓展]
(1)用作give 的过去分词，引出过去分词短语作状语，意为“如果有……”，“假定……”等义，此时要注意其逻辑主语与句子主语保持一致。
(2)可用作介词，后接名词或代词，意为“考虑到”或“鉴于”。
(3)用作形容词，意为“特定的”“一定的”“规定的”等，通常用作定语。
(4)given 后也可接 that 从句，表示“考虑到”。
If the trees had been given more attention, they could be grown better.
→Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
Given her interest in children, I'm sure teaching is the right career for her.
→Given that she is interested in children, I'm sure teaching is the right career for her.
单元词汇参考答案
56. hybrid n. 杂交植(动)物;合成物; 混合动力车
57. devote vt. 把…献(给);把…专用于;专心于
58. devote...to 把…用于;献身;致力;专心
59. shortage n. 不足;缺少;短缺
60. tackle vt. 解决(难题);应付(局面);处理
61. crisis n. (pl. crises/-siz/)危机;危急关头
62. boost vt. 使增长;使兴旺n.增长;提高;激励
63. yield n. 产量;产出.出产(作物);产生(收益、效益等)vi.屈服;让步
64. convince vt. 使相信;使确信;说服
65. characteristic n. 特征;特点;品质adj.典型的;独特的
66. attain vt. (通常经过努力)获得;得到
67. conventional adj. 传统的;习惯的
68. pollinate vt. 授粉;传粉
69. assumption n. 假定;设定;(责任的);承担;(权利的)获得
70. intense adj. 热切的;十分强烈的;激烈的
71. overcome vt. ( overcame,overcome)克服;解决;战胜
72. expand vt.＆vi.扩大;增加vt.扩展;发展(业务)
73. output n. 产量;输出;输出量vt.( output,output)输出
74. estimate vt. 估计;估价;估算n.估计;估算
75. domestic adj 本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的
76. consumption n. 消耗;消耗量;消费
prise vt 包括;包含;由…组成
78. be comprised of 包括;包含;由…组成(或构成)
79. generate vt. 产生;引起
80. strain n. (动、植物的)系; 品种; 拉伤; 压力
81. ensure n. 闲暇;休闲;空闲
82. deep down 在内心深处;本质上;实际上
83. celebrity n. 名望;名誉;名人;名流
84. envision vt. 展望;想象
85. vision n. 想象;视力;视野;影像
86. reality n. 现实;实际情况;事实
87. salty adj 含盐的;成的
88. urban adj 城市的;都市的;城镇的
89. extension n. 扩建部分;扩大;电话分机
90. chemical adj. 与化学有关的;化学的n.化学制品;化学品
91. flavor n. 味道;特点;特色
92. fertilizer n. 肥料
93. nutritional adj. 营养(物)的
94. nutritious adj 有营养的;营养丰富的
95. nutrition n. 营养;滋养
96. alleviate vt. 减轻;缓解
97. poverty n. 贫穷;贫困
98. organic adj. 有机的;不使用化肥的;有机物的
99. pesticide n. 杀虫剂;除害药物
100. widespread a. 分布广的;普遍的;广泛的
101. in turn 相应地;转而;依次;轮流
102. digest vt.＆vi.消化v.领会;领悟 n.摘要;文摘
103. essential adj. 完全必要的;极其重要的
104. alternative n. 可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的;非传统的
105. grocery n. 食品杂货店;[pl.]食品杂货
106. instance n. 例子;实例;事例
107. for instance 例如;比如
108. depth n. 向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)
109. entirely adv. 全部地;完整地;完全地
55. aspect n. 方面;层面