2024年中考英语人教版一轮复习专题突破 学案 话题4　饮食与健康

话题4　饮食与健康
话题分析：该话题通常会涉及谈论健康的重要性以及如何保持健康，与健康相关的观点或饮食文化等，使学生掌握健康的饮食方法，养成科学健康的饮食习惯。
话题链接：
教材 分册 单元 话题 标题
人教版 七上 Unit 6 Food Do you like bananas？
七下 Unit 10 Food I’d like some noodles.
八上 Unit 8 Cooking How do you make a banana milk shake？
外研版 七上 Module 4 Food and drink Healthy food
九下 Module 5 First aid and exercise Look after yourself
A.I’m not feeling well.
B.But what should I do？
C.Have you had breakfast？
D.I can help you with your problems.
E.I’m very nervous about the exam next week.
F.A delicious breakfast can improve your mood.
Jennifer: What’s the matter with you，Mary
　Mary: 1.
Jennifer: Do you have a stomachache
　Mary: No.2.
Jennifer: Just relax and prepare for it.A bad mood can influence your health.
　Mary: I see.3.
Jennifer: You can think of something interesting.4.
　Mary: No，I haven’t.
Jennifer: 5.
　Mary: Really？Let’s go and buy some food and drinks.
Jennifer: OK.After we eat the food，let’s prepare for the exam together.
答案　1.A　2.E　3.B　4.C　5.F
Part 1　话题基础梳理
1．banana(n.) 香蕉
2．grape(n.)葡萄
3．orange(n.)橘子
4．pear(n.)梨
5．apple(n.)苹果
6．strawberry(n.)草莓
7．watermelon(n.)西瓜
8．fruit(n.)水果
9．vegetable(n.)蔬菜
10．cabbage(n.)卷心菜
11．carrot(n.)胡萝卜
12．potato(n.)土豆
13．tomato(n.)西红柿
14．onion(n.)洋葱
15．bean(n.)豆，豆荚
1．breakfast(n.)早餐；早饭
2．lunch(n.)午餐
3．supper(n.)晚餐
4．dinner(n.)(中午或晚上吃的)正餐
5．food(n.)食物
6．egg(n.)鸡蛋
7．dumpling(n.)水饺
8．rice(n.)米饭
9．sandwich(n.)三明治
10．noodle(n.)面条
11．pancake(n.)烙饼，煎饼
12．meat(n.)肉
13．pork(n.)猪肉
14．mutton(n.)羊肉
15．beef(n.)牛肉
16．chicken(n.)鸡肉
17．porridge(n.)粥
18．soup(n.)汤
19．cheese(n.)奶酪
20．honey(n.)蜂蜜
21．salt(n.)盐
22．sugar(n.)糖
23．butter(n.) 黄油
24．mooncake(n.)月饼
1．drink(v.)喝(n.)饮料
2．milk(n.)牛奶
3．coffee(n.)咖啡
4．juice(n.)果汁
5．water(n.)水
6．tea(n.)茶
7．yogurt(n.)酸奶
8．snack(n.)点心，小吃
9．salad(n.)沙拉
10．cookie(n.)饼干，曲奇饼
11．chocolate(n.)巧克力
12．biscuit(n.)饼干
13．cake(n.)蛋糕
14．pizza(n.)比萨饼
15．candy(n.)糖果
16．dessert(n.)(饭后)甜点
17．ice-cream(n.)冰激凌
1．fork(n.)叉子
2．spoon(n.)调羹，匙
3．chopsticks(n.)筷子
4．bowl(n.)碗
5．plate(n.)盘子
6．oven(n.)烤箱
7．bottle(n.)瓶子
8．knife(n.)刀
9．pot(n.)锅
1．health(n.)健康
2．healthy(adj.)健康的
3．unhealthy(adj.)不健康的
4．ill(adj.)不舒服的
5．illness(n.)疾病
6．weak(adj.)虚弱的
7．pale(adj.)苍白的
8．wound(n.)伤；伤口；创伤
9．have a cold感冒
10．have a headache头痛
11．have a sore throat喉咙痛
12．have a stomachache胃痛
13．have a backache背痛
14．have a fever发烧
15．have a toothache牙痛
16．have the flu患流感
1．see a doctor看医生
2．sea a dentist看牙医
3．take some medicine吃药
4．get an X-ray拍X光片
5．take one’s temperature 给某人量体温
6．lie down and rest躺下休息
7．take good care of oneself照顾好某人自己
8．have a good rest 好好休息
9．fast food快餐
10．eating habit(s) 饮食习惯
11．order food点餐
12．a balanced diet均衡的饮食
13．healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式
14．junk food垃圾食品
15．look over检查(身体)
16．wash hands 洗手
17．drink more water多喝水
18．do sports/exercise做运动
19．keep healthy/keep in good health 保持健康
小题夯基
请根据句意及首字母提示完成所缺单词
1．The carrot is a kind of vegetable that can help protect our eyes.
2．Although hamburgers are unhealthy food，many children like them.
3．He poured some honey into the water to make it sweet.
4．Please remember to have breakfast every morning，which is a very important meal in a day.
5．Mr.Black takes exercise every day to keep in good health.
6．I had a toothache，so my mother took me to see a dentist.
微语篇特训
A．请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
I’m George.I’m a fourteen-year-old student in No.1 middle school.Last week，I was sent into hospital because I had a 1.stomachache.The doctor said I had eaten too much junk 2.food and it made my stomach overload.Also，he told me that teenagers should eat more rice，fruit and 3.vegetables instead of eating chips and 4.hamburgers to keep healthy.What’s more，we should learn about some first aid measures.Then we can save our life and others’ life when we and others are in 5.danger.
B.请根据汉语意思用适当的短语填空
I caught a bad cold.What I wanted to do was to 1.lie down(躺下) to take a break.But my mom asked me to see the doctor.After the examination，the doctor said I 2.had a fever(发烧)．He 3.took my temperature(量了我的体温)，and the temperature reached 38℃.He told me to have a good rest and not to forget to 4.take medicine(吃药) on time.After taking medicine and sleeping for a while，I felt better.I realized that I should 5.take care of myself/look after myself(照顾我自己) like exercising regularly to make myself healthy and strong.
1．为了保持健康，我们应该有健康的饮食习惯。(in order to)
In order to keep fit，we should have healthy eating habits.
2．早餐非常重要，我们不能错过。(so...that)
Breakfast is so important that we can’t miss it.
3．不要吃太多垃圾食品。这对你的健康有害。(too much)
Don’t eat too much junk food.It’s bad for your health.
4．我们必须吃健康食品而不是垃圾食品。(instead of)
We must eat healthy food instead of junk food.
5．保持均衡饮食对我们来说非常重要。(It’s important for sb. to do)
It’s very important for us to keep a balanced diet.
6．均衡的饮食对我们的健康有益。(be good for)
A balanced diet is good for our health.
7．毫无疑问，健康在我们的日常生活中发挥着重要作用。(play an important role in)
There is no doubt that health plays an important role in our daily life.
8．为了保持健康的生活方式，我们应该远离垃圾食品。(keep away from)
To keep a healthy lifestyle，we should keep away from junk food.
9．总之，均衡的饮食可以帮助我们变得更强壮、更健康。(make sb.＋adj.)
In a word，a balanced diet can help make us stronger and healthier.
10．多吃蔬菜和新鲜的水果对身体有好处。(doing sth. is good)
Eating more vegetables and fresh fruit is good for health.
一、完形填空
A recent survey shows that 16 percent of Chinese children and teenagers are overweight.More and more children in China are 1 weight.
Being too fat is bad for children’s 2 .Overweight children are more likely to 3 some illness at a younger age，which may lead to a higher 4 of early death.Kids are overweight because they have 5 habits in their diet and lifestyle.Too much schoolwork and greater use of electronic products could also be a possible 6 .
The government has worked out a 7 to control the obesity(肥胖)．According to the plan，teachers should not allow their classes to begin too 8 or last too late.Instead，they should make sure that students have enough 9 activities.For example，primary and middle school students should have at least three hours of exercise each week. 10 should control their children’s use of electronic products.They also need to stop their children from eating foods that are high in sugar，fat and salt.
1．A.taking off B．talking about C．putting off D．putting on
答案　D
2．A.health B．ability C．wealth D．friendship
答案　A
3．A.spread B．treat C．control D．develop
答案　D
4．A.risk B．level C．energy D．standard
答案　A
5．A.correct B．healthy C．bad D．private
答案　C
6．A.result B．choice C．cause D．influence
答案　C
7．A.law B．plan C．problem D．method
答案　B
8．A.widely B．quickly C．early D．suddenly
答案　C
9．A.physical B．musical C．medical D．social
答案　A
10．A.Strangers B．Enemies C．Parents D．Relatives
答案　C
二、短文填空
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
John was driving through a small country town.He was happy when he saw a small restaurant coming up on the right 1.side of the road.John 2.quickly parked his car，and walked inside the restaurant.
John saw a blackboard 3.with a note written on it.It said，“Today’s Special：Vegetable Soup with Fried Chicken and Roast Potatoes.”
“Wow，that sounds pretty good！” John thought to 4.himself.He decided that he would try this special.
“I’ll take the special，”John said to the waiter when he came over to take John’s order.But after receiving his order，John called the waiter back to his table.He was 5.angry.
“Is this the special？It says vegetable soup,6.but there are no vegetables in this soup at all! It also says fried chicken，but the chicken isn’t fried.And it says roast potatoes，but these potatoes aren’t toasted—they’ve been boiled.What is going on here？”
The waiter was not 7.used to dealing with people from the city.He wasn’t quite sure what to 8.say to this angry customer.But he finally found a way to 9.answer the man.“ My good man，” the waiter said，“that is 10.the reason why it is so special！”
Part 2　话题能力提升
A
It is easy for people to have flu in spring.We should learn something to protect ourselves from it.
▲Types of flu virus： Type A flu：This virus includes H1N1 and subtype H3N2. Type B flu：This virus can cause seasonal epidemics. Type C flu：This virus causes epidemics that are generally at a stable level in different years. Type D flu：This virus can infect pigs and cattle but not human beings.
▲Spreading： ◆Two main sources of seasonal flu epidemics(流行)：flu patients and infected(被感染的) people in sick. ◆The airway is the main route of spreading. ◆Common latent(潜伏的) period：1 to 4 days,2 days on average. ◆Direct and indirect touch with the mouth，nose and eyes.
▲People who are likely to have flu： Children，the elders，pregnant women，medical workers，patients with some diseases such as breathing，diabetes and heart disease.
▲Good personal healthy care： ◆Wash hands frequently； ◆Avoid crowds in flu season； ◆Cover mouth and nose and don’t touch them after the beginning of the flu； ◆Reduce contacts with people who have flu； ◆Wear masks if you should go to the hospital.
1.How many flu viruses does the article tell us
A．5. B．4. C．3. D．6.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。由文中▲Types of flu virus中的Type A flu，Type B flu，Type C flu和Type D flu可知，主要讲了4种流感病毒。
2．Mr.Li works in a middle school.There are some people who have flu this month.So he should keep himself from flu EXCEPT .
A．keeping away from the flu patients
B．washing his hands frequently
C．not going to crowded places
D．talking to sick people without a mask
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据▲Good personal healthy care中的内容并结合题干可知，选D项。
3．What can we know from the passage
A．It’s easy for the medical workers to have flu.
B．The flu will last for only 1 day.
C．If your classmates have flu，you can cover your mouth and nose with your hands.
D．Children aren’t likely to have flu.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据▲People who are likely to have flu中的“Children，the elders，pregnant women，medical workers，patients with some diseases such as breathing，diabetes and heart disease.”可知，选项A正确，选项D错误；根据▲Spreading中的“Common latent(潜伏的) period：1 to 4 days,2 days on average.”可知，选项B错误；根据▲Good personal healthy care中的“◆Cover mouth and nose and don’t touch them after the beginning of the flu.”可知，不能触摸嘴巴和鼻子，排除C项。故选A。
4．According to the passage，which of the following ways are NOT right to keep yourself from flu
A．If someone has flu，he should keep clean and wash hands as often as possible.
B．In flu season，you’d better not go to the crowded places.
C．Parents and children shouldn’t wear face masks when they go to see the doctors.
D．You’d better not stay with your best friends who have flu on weekends.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。 根据▲Good personal healthy care中的“Wear masks if you should go to the hospital.”可知，C选项做法不对，故选C。
5．Where can you most probably find this passage
A．An advertisement. B．A poster.
C．A book. D．A health magazine.
答案　D
解析　文章出处题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“It is easy for people to have flu in spring.We should learn something to protect ourselves from it.”可知，本文介绍了一些关于流感的知识以及如何保护自己远离流感，所以本文最可能在健康杂志中见到。故选D。
B
配对阅读。左栏是对五名学生的饮食爱好的描述，右栏是七间餐馆的食物简介，请你为每一名学生选择一间合适的餐馆。
1.Tom likes chicken hamburgers and cola.He has them for lunch and dinner.(　　) 2．Noodles are Lucy’s favorite food.She often has tomato and egg noodles for lunch.After lunch，she drinks some orange juice.(　　) 3．David likes beef and potato noodles very much.He has them for dinner.After dinner，he has some fruit juice.(　　) 4．Katty’s favorite food is potatoes and chicken.She likes eating them for lunch.After lunch，she likes having an apple.(　　) 5．Bob’s favorite food and drink are eggs and milk.He likes having them for breakfast.(　　) A.Come here to have delicious beef hamburgers and cola.Beef is good for children.You can have them for lunch and dinner here. B．We have rice，lots of vegetables and meat for lunch today.You can eat carrots，potatoes，tomatoes，beef，fish and chicken here.We have apples and oranges，too.But we don’t have any noodles. C．We have many kinds of breakfast for you，such as milk，eggs and bread.It’s good to have them in the morning. D．For today’s breakfast，there are noodles，bread，orange juice，apples and bananas.We don’t have any cola.It’s bad for you. E．We have many kinds of noodles here.Tomato noodles with eggs are delicious and healthy.Children and their parents like to have them.And you can have some orange juice after eating noodles. F．Our beef noodles are very delicious.There are also potatoes and eggs in them.For drinks，you can have apple juice and orange juice. G．Do you like chicken hamburgers？There is a lot of chicken in the hamburgers and the cola is large and cold.
答案　1.G　2.E　3.F　4.B　5.C
A．回答问题
Because of better health care，most people are living healthier and longer lives.Someone who is born today can expect to live about thirty-five years longer than someone who was born in the nineteenth century.It is even thought that in the future more and more people will celebrate their hundredth birthdays.Here are some rules for a healthy life.
Get off the sofa!
Sure，it is comfortable to sit on the sofa and watch TV.But doctors say you should get off the sofa.To keep fit，you have to walk at least 10,000 steps every day.In the past，people’s jobs required more physical effort.They often had to walk for miles every day.When farmers were working in the fields，they were keeping fit at the same time.Think about it：Do you get the same amount of exercise today as they did in the past
Eat healthy food!
It is important to eat food that is fresh and natural，for example，fruit and vegetables.Fast food is not healthy.You should only have it once in a while.Eating too much of the wrong food will harm your health.
Rest while you can!
When we were babies，we slept for much of the night.Teenagers do not need as much sleep as babies，but it is important for you to get about eight hours’ sleep a night.At weekends，you have got more time，so use it not just for your friends，but for rest too.
Do not worry.Be happy!
Many people believe that happiness is important for our general health.Sometimes it is not easy to be a teenager because of the difficulties of school，exams or friendships.If you are worried about something，talk to your parents or your teachers.
1．Why are most people living longer today
Because they have better health care./Because of better health care.
2．How many rules are mentioned for a healthy life
Four/4.
3．What kind of food should we eat
We should eat fresh and natural food.
4．Who should get about eight hours’ sleep a night
Teenagers.
5．What should you do if you are worried about the relation between you and your classmate
Talk to parents or teachers.
B．书面表达
作为一名中学生，你是如何保持健康的呢？请你就“How to Keep Fit”这个话题写一篇短文谈谈你的看法。内容包括：
1．说明健康的重要性；
2．提出保持健康的建议(至少两条)。
要求：1.语句连贯，词数80左右；
2．标题和开头已给出，不计入总词数。
★第一步：审题
1．审主题：谈谈如何保持健康
2．审要点：①引入话题——说明健康的重要性；
②提出保持健康的建议(至少两条)；
③小结，呼应主题。
3．定体裁：议论文
4．定人称：第一人称
5．定时态：一般现在时
★第二步：谋篇
★第三步：成文
注意适当使用过渡句，也可以根据实际情况适当改写或补充。练习过程中，尽可能使用一些高级词汇，同时注意句式多样化。
参考范文
How to Keep Fit
Health is much more important than wealth.It’s important for us to keep fit all our lives.On the one hand，good health enables us to enjoy our life and achieve what we hope for in our career.On the other hand，poor health leads to nothing.
How can we keep healthy Here is my advice.Firstly，it is very important for us to take more fruit and vegetables because they provide vitamins，and we have to keep a balanced diet.Therefore，we should avoid food which is rich in sugar and fat.Secondly，we’d better exercise every day to make our bodies strong.Besides，we must avoid too much study pressure.Finally，we have to get rid of those bad habits that damage our health.
In a word，if we stick to the advice given above，we will lead a healthy life.