2024年中考英语人教版一轮复习专题突破 学案 话题14　自然与环境

话题14　自然与环境
话题分析：自然这一话题涉及范围非常广泛，该话题通常围绕以下四个方面展开：1.世界主要国家的地理位置，不同地区的生态特征与自然景观；2.自然环境，如天气、气候等；3.自然资源，如水、森林等；4.如何保护自然资源以及如何与自然和谐相处。
话题链接：
教材 分册 单元 话题 标题
人教版 七下 Unit 5 Animals in a zoo Why do you like pandas？
七下 Unit 7 The weather It’s raining！
八下 Unit 5 Unforgettable events What were you doing when the rainstorm came？
八下 Unit 7 Facts about the world What’s the highest mountain in the world？
外研版 七上 Module 6 Animals A trip to the zoo
八上 Module 6 Animals Animals in danger
八上 Module 10 Weather The weather
八下 Module 3 The universe Journey to space
八下 Module 8 Tourism and nature Time off
九上 Module 1 Nature and travel Wonders of the world
九上 Module 10 Countries and nationalities Australia
A．How many animals can we see there
B．Yes，I’ve got a map.
C．What do you know about it
D．Yes.That’s right.
E．That’s a good idea.
F．What kind of animals will we see there
A: We have to meet the others at 8：30 at the reserve(自然保护区)，don’t we
B: 1.
A: Do you know how to get there
B: 2. It’ll take us about two hours to get there by bus.
A: 3.
B: It’s an area that protects lots of different animals.
A: 4.
B: I’m not really sure.I know there are many different kinds of birds there and I’m going to take my camera with me.
A: 5. What clothes are you going to wear
B: Well，if it’s wet，I’ll wear my strong shoes and take my raincoat with me.
A: So will I.
答案　1.D　2.B　3.C　4.F　5.E
Part 1　话题基础梳理
1．season(n.)季节
2．weather(n.)天气
3．sunny(adj.)晴朗的
4．rainy(adj.)下雨的
rain(n.)雨(v.)下雨
5．snowy(adj.)下雪的
snow(n.)雪(v.)下雪
6．windy(adj.)刮风的
wind(n.)风
7．cloudy(adj.)多云的
cloud(n.)云
8．warm(adj.)温暖的
9．cool(adj.)凉快的
10．hot(adj.)热的
11．cold(adj.)冷的
12．wet(adj.)潮湿的
13．dry(adj.)干燥的
14．storm(n.)暴风雨
15．blow(v.)刮风
16．freeze(v.)结冰
17．terrible(adj.)糟糕的
18．heavily(adv.)猛烈地
19．degree(n.)度数
20．temperature(n.)温度
21．spring(n.)春季
22．summer(n.)夏季
23．autumn(n.)秋季
24．winter(n.)冬季
1．umbrella(n.)雨伞
2．raincoat(n.)雨衣
3．hat/cap(n.)帽子
4．coat(n.)外套
5．thick coat 厚外套
1．cat(n.)猫
2．cow(n.)奶牛
3．dog(n.)狗
4．duck(n.)鸭
5．hen(n.)母鸡
6．pig(n.)猪
7．sheep(n.)绵羊
8．horse(n.)马
9．rabbit(n.)兔
10．panda(n.)熊猫
11．fox(n.)狐狸
12．monkey(n.)猴子
13．tiger(n.)老虎
14．lion(n.)狮子
15．bear(n.)熊
16．fish(n.)鱼
17．snake(n.)蛇
18．mouse(n.)老鼠
19．bird(n.)鸟
20．butterfly(n.)蝴蝶
21．shark(n.)鲨鱼
22．elephant(n.)大象
23．giraffe(n.)长颈鹿
24．pet(n.)宠物
1．plant(n.)植物
2．grass(n.)草
3．flower(n.)花
4．bamboo(n.)竹子
5．tree(n.)树
6．leaf(n.)叶子
1．land(n.)陆地
2．mountain(n.)高山
3．hole(n.)洞
4．ground(n.)地面
5．lake(n.)湖泊
6．sea(n.)海洋
7．beach(n.)海滩
8．coast(n.)海岸
9．star(n.)星星
10．earth(n.)地球
11．hill(n.)小山
12．forest(n.)森林
13．field(n.)田野
14．desert(n.)沙漠
15．river(n.)河流
16．ocean(n.)大海
17．island(n.)岛
18．sand(n.)沙滩
19．sky(n.)天空
20．planet(n.)行星
21．moon(n.)月亮
22．pool(n.)池塘
1．put on穿上
2．depend on依赖；取决于
3．wild animals野生动物
4．water the flowers浇花
5．die out灭绝
6．in danger 处于危险中
7．on rainy days 在雨天
8．above zero 零度以上
小题夯基
请根据句意及首字母提示完成所缺单词
1．Qomolangma is the world’s highest mountain in the world.
2．The earth moves round the sun.
3．Antarctica(南极洲) is covered with snow and ice all year round.
4．In summer，it often rains heavily/hard with strong wind in Southern China.
5．Some people are especially fond of keeping pets because they often feel lonely at home.
6．The Mars is a planet and it goes around the sun.
微语篇特训
A．请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
I think most people like to travel because they can feel the beauty of 1.nature and breathe the fresh air，and they can make friends.But there are also some disadvantages of travel.For example，the 2.weather changes quickly，and you may get wet by the 3.rain.
So my suggestion is that before you travel，you should listen to the weather forecast.I like traveling.It makes me refreshed.You can go to Disneyland and experience the feeling of childhood again.You can visit one of the seven 4.wonders of the world，such as the Grand Canyon，and feel the magnificence of nature.
You can taste the magical 5.ice water on the glacier which can help you become more beautiful and let you live longer.If you want more freedom，just don’t forget your backpack.
B．请根据汉语意思用适当的短语填空
When I was in middle school，I moved to the city to live with my parents.I 1.miss my hometown(怀念我的家乡) all the time.I can’t forget about the 2.beautiful mountains(美丽的山脉) and the clear water.So in this summer vacation，I went back to my hometown.When I saw the familiar 3.country road(乡村小路)，I was so happy.I knew I was close to the nature.I took in the 4.fresh air(清新的空气)，and I smelt the straw’s flavor.I took a look at the mountains and the 5.wild animals(野生动物) again.All of these made me relaxed，and the nature was right in front of me.I hope the scenery won’t change all the time，and once I have time，I will come back to enjoy it.
1．由于天气的原因，会议可能要推迟了。(because of)
The meeting might be put off because of the weather.
2．你最好随身带把伞。(take...with...)
You’d better take an umbrella with you.
3．秋天就要来了，天气也越来越凉爽。(cooler and cooler)
Autumn is coming and the weather is getting cooler and cooler.
4．俗话说，水是生命的象征。(the symbol of)
As the saying goes，water is the symbol of life.
5．动物是我们的好朋友，因此我们应该尽最大努力保护它们。(try one’s best)
Animals are our good friends，so we should try our best to protect them.
6．动物在我们的生活中扮演着重要的角色，它们是我们的好朋友。(play an important role in)
Animals play an important role in our life and they are our good friends.
7.被称为中国国宝的熊猫是世界上最可爱的动物之一。(one of the)
The pandas，known as the national treasure of China，are one of the most adorable animals in the world.
8．如果我们不做些什么来阻止鱼翅的销售，鲨鱼有一天可能会消失。(stop)
Sharks may disappear one day if we do not do anything to stop the sale of shark fins.
9．冬天是旅行的最佳时间，因为雪是如此美丽。(the best time to)
Winter is the best time to travel because the snow is so beautiful.
10．春天，这里既不是太热也不是太冷。(neither...nor...)
In spring，it is neither too hot nor too cold here.
一、完形填空
Kevin is a special swimmer.He took risks to swim in very cold places because he wanted people to 1 environmental problems.
As a boy，Kevin visited national parks and he learned the Earth is in 2 condition.He felt worried，and he wanted to 3 the Earth.In 2009，he went to swim in water near the North Pole(极) to draw people’s attention to the melting glaciers(融化的冰川)．Kevin said that the swim was so painful that it would be his 4 time to swim in cold water.In 2016，he heard about a lake in the Himalayas(喜马拉雅山脉)．It was formed by melting glaciers.He 5 to swim in cold water again.It was difficult to swim in the lake.The air was so 6 that it was hard to breathe.He told people about his experiences on TV.He wanted people to 7 that glaciers in the Himalayas are disappearing because of global(全球的) warming and that there’s less water for people in nearby 8 like China，India，and Pakistan.
From Kevin’s story，we learn two 9 .We learn that people can do a lot of harm to the Earth without realizing it.Also，we learn that if we 10 the way we think，we can do something to protect our environment.With the new way of thinking in our minds，we can enjoy a bright future.
1．A.get out of B．pay attention to C．pay for D．give out
答案　B
2．A.right B．safe C．poor D．natural
答案　C
3．A.protect B．leave C．find D．share
答案　A
4．A.last B．great C．free D．long
答案　A
5．A.hated B．agreed C．learned D．decided
答案　D
6．A.fresh B．thin C．clear D．cool
答案　B
7．A.hear B．get C．take D．realize
答案　D
8．A.cities B．countries C．towns D．villages
答案　B
9．A.choices B．reports C．reasons D．lessons
答案　D
10．A.ask B．show C．change D．record
答案　C
二、短文填空
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
In July，little Helen always goes to see her grandfather.He lives on the farm.On the farm，there are many kinds of 1.animals，such as cows，dogs，cats and sheep.She likes to play with them 2.because they can make her happy.
On the farm，there is also a little 3.elephant.It has no mother and it 4.never plays with other animals.It often 5.walks around alone.This is why Helen likes it.Helen likes it so much that many times she 6.tells the elephant how sorry she feels for it and she loves it very much.Gradually it becomes very 7.friendly to Helen.When it sees Helen，it will 8.run up to her like a dog.Sometimes Helen sits on the ground reading and the elephant stands by her.Her grandfather wonders why the elephant likes her so much.Helen’s answer is that she loves it.
Helen is 9.right.We should love and protect animals.They are our good 10.friends.
Part 2　话题能力提升
A
(2023·福建)
In the past nine years，Li Jin，who was born in Guangxi but raised in Sanya，has made great efforts to protect the waters of Sanya city in Hainan.He is now spreading the knowledge of environmental protection through new media platforms(媒体平台)．
Around 2014，he began doing volunteer work to clear rubbish from the beaches and officially registered(注册) as a volunteer in May,2017.Li Jin immediately took the lead in a cleanup activity on the Sanya River.
In April,2021，he used his own money to set up a volunteer service center which has 1,170 registered members who take part in activities without asking for payment.So far，he has spent about 3,800 hours on volunteer activities in over 550 events.More than 2,300 people have joined in with his encouragement.They’ve drawn the attention of both the adults(成年人) and the children to the importance of protecting the oceans and beaches.Since it was set up，his center has organized 51 beach-cleaning activities that have seen about 1,800 people join in.In 2021，because of Li’s growing influence in environmental protection circles，the city government invited him to make a number of short videos，in which he uses simple words to explain how to protect the environment.Several of the videos have been watched millions of times.
“My volunteer work would be meaningless if I got paid.But the work itself is of great value.So I will continue doing the environmental protection work，” he said.
1．What is Li Jin trying hard to protect
A．The beaches in Guangxi. B．The waters of Sanya.
C．The wildlife on the Sanya River. D．The cities in Hainan.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Li Jin，who was born in Guangxi but raised in Sanya，has made great efforts to protect the waters of Sanya city in Hainan”可知，李金正努力保护三亚的海域。故选B。
2．How many people join Li Jin’s volunteer service center
A．550. B．1,170. C．1,800. D．2,300.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“In April,2021，he used his own money to set up a volunteer service center which has 1,170 registered members who take part in activities without asking for payment.”可知，有1 170名志愿者加入了李金的志愿者服务中心。故选B。
3．What can we know from paragraph 3
A．Millions of people join in Li Jin’s activities. B．Members in Li Jin’s service center get paid.
C．Most activities are organized for children. D．Some videos Li Jin made are a success.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Several of the videos have been watched millions of times.”可知，李金制作的视频是很成功的。故选D。
4．Which of the following best describes Li Jin
A．Quiet and kind-hearted. B．Patient and humorous.
C．Strong-minded and selfless. D．Honest and easygoing.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“So far，he has spent about 3,800 hours on volunteer activities in over 550 events.”和最后一段内容可知，到目前为止，他花费了约3 800个小时从事志愿者活动，且会继续坚持下去，由此可见他是意志坚强的人；这是志愿服务，他也是一个无私的人。故选C。
5．What is the text mainly about
A．A hero praised for volunteer work. B．The leader in a cleanup activity.
C．The meaning of protecting water. D．A volunteer service center.
答案　A
解析　主旨大意题。本文讲述了李金用自己的行动来守护三亚海域生态环境的故事，说明李金是一个因志愿者工作而受到赞扬的英雄。故选A。
B
配对阅读。左栏是五名学生的情况介绍，右栏是七种天气。请把五名同学的情况与对应的天气情况匹配。
1.Jim got up late this morning.He brushed his teeth and had a quick breakfast.He rushed to school with an umbrella in his backpack.(　　) 2．Tom planned to go to the beach and enjoy the sunshine with some of his friends.He thinks they will have a good time there.(　　) 3．Joan didn’t take an umbrella with her when she went to school in the afternoon.So she had to run home in the rain.Badly，she caught a cold.(　　) 4．Erin had a bad luck when he got to Shanghai.People hardly stood on the street and some light things could be blown away easily.(　　) 5．John went to Beijing for business.He was very excited，because he saw that it was white here and there.He couldn’t wait to take out his camera.(　　) A.It was badly cold.It snowed yesterday. B．It was full of cloud in the sky this morning.Maybe it was going to rain. C．It had strong winds outside.Staying at home was better. D．It’s very hot.It’s the best time to go swimming. E．It rained all the afternoon. F．It’s foggy this morning.Be careful to cross the road. G．It is a little hot，but the weather is very nice.
语篇解读：本文根据活动内容匹配对应的天气，并且在此天气状况下给出了合理的建议，可以更好地指导学生防范灾害天气。
答案　1.B　2.G　3.E　4.C　5.A
A．回答问题
When autumn arrives in the United States and Canada，you can see one of nature’s greatest scenes—the yearly migration(迁徙) of the monarch butterflies(帝王蝶)．
No other butterfly in the world migrates like the orange and black monarch of North America.They cannot live for long periods in cold weather.So each autumn around October，the butterflies travel up to 3,000 kilometers south to spend winter.Some even fly to the mountains of Mexico.
It usually takes the butterflies two months to reach Mexico.When it is warm，they start to back north in the spring.“But not one butterfly finishes the whole trip.They lay eggs along the way and die.It might take the monarchs as many as four to five generations(代) to complete the journey all the way back up to Canada，” says Sarina Jepsen，who directs the endangered species program for the Xerces Society.
The most amazing thing about these butterflies is that they return to the very same trees in Mexico that their great-great-grandparents used the winter before.
However，the number of these colorful butterflies has dropped in recent years.The US Fish and Wildlife Service said that nearly a billion monarchs have disappeared from overwintering sites(越冬地点) since 1990，the Washington Post reported.One of the main reasons，experts say，is that farmers have used herbicides(除草剂) on the milkweed(马利筋) plants that these butterflies feed on.
1．What color are the monarch butterflies
Orange and black.
2．How long does it take the monarch butterflies to reach Mexico
Two/2 months.
3．What is the most amazing thing about the monarch butterflies
They can return to the same trees (that their great-great-grandparents used the winter before)．
4．What happened to these colorful butterflies in recent years
The number of them has dropped.
5．How many monarchs have disappeared since 1990
Nearly a billion.
B．书面表达
除了上文中提到的帝王蝶，你还听说过某些濒临灭绝的动物吗？请以“Why Should We Protect Wild Animals？”为题，用英语写一篇短文，说明为什么要保护野生动物。
写作提示：1.为什么有些野生动物处于危险之中；
2．为什么保护野生动物很重要；
3．我们应该采取什么措施来保护野生动物。
要求：1.词数80左右；
2．标题和开头已经给出，不计入总词数。
提示词语：wild，endangered，tiger，panda，destroy(破坏)，fur，take measures(采取措施)，plant，tree，build a birdhouse
Why Should We Protect Wild Animals
Do you know of any endangered animals Why are they in danger？
★第一步：审题
1．审主题：为什么要保护野生动物
2．审要点：①引入话题——有些野生动物处于危险之中；
②为什么保护野生动物很重要；
③我们应该采取什么措施来保护野生动物。
3．定体裁：说明文
4．定人称：第一人称
5．定时态：一般现在时
★第二步：谋篇
★第三步：成文
注意适当使用过渡句，也可以根据实际情况适当改写或补充。练习过程中，尽可能使用一些高级词汇，同时注意句式多样化。
参考范文
Why Should We Protect Wild Animals
Do you know of any endangered animals Why are they in danger I think there are many endangered animals in the world，such as tigers and pandas.When people cut down trees，tigers can no longer hide and hunt.Many tigers are killed by people who want to sell their fur for money.And there are few places where pandas can live.
We are not alone in the world.We human beings could not live without all the plants and animals around us.So protecting wild animals is very important.
We must take measures to keep plants from being destroyed and stop animals from being killed.If each of us can plant a tree or build a birdhouse，the world will be more beautiful.