(共70张PPT)
高考一轮复习讲练测
第19讲 七选五
2024
授课:×××
01
复习目标
02
网络构建
03
知识梳理
题型归纳
04
真题感悟
目录
CONTENTS
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0
内容索引
PART ONE
复习目标
1. 掌握七选五命题规律
2. 掌握段首句解题策略
3. 掌握段中句解题策略并熟知逻辑关系词
4. 掌握段位句解题策略
PART ONE
考点细目
年份 卷别 段首题及题号 段中题及题号 段尾题及题号
2023 新高考I卷 0 4个,36/37/39/40题 1个;38题
2023 新高考II卷 1个;39题 3个;36/38/40题 1个;37题
2022 新高考I卷 0 4个;36/37/38/39题 1个;39题
2022 新高考II卷 1个;36题 4个;37/38/39/40题 0
2021 新高考I卷 1个;39题 4个;36/37/38/40题 0
2021 新高考II卷 1个;38题 3个;37/39/40题 1个;36题
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02
网络构建
1
段首题
PART ONE
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夯基·必备基础知识
命题规律:
段首题具有鲜明的语言特征,要么是段落标题句(主旨句),要么就是段落主题句,七选五解题时可采用先易后难的原则,而段首的这两种题型即可作为七选五解题的突破口。
知识点 一 段首题
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题型和考查角度:
1.段落小标题:概括段落大意,特征突出,短小且语言精炼
2.段落主题句:段落主旨概括性,与其它段落承上启下
知识点 一 段首题
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夯基·必备基础知识
题型和考查角度:
1.段落小标题:概括段落大意,特征突出,短小且语言精炼
2.段落主题句:段落主旨概括性,与其它段落承上启下
知识点 一 段首题
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夯基·必备基础知识
一 段落小标题
解题策略:
1. 观察其它段落标题的形式。
2.阅读段落内容,提炼段落中心词、高频词和中心词的近义词。
知识点 一 段首题
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夯基·必备基础知识
一 段落小标题
选项特征:
1. 其形式应和其他小标题相同。
2.选项语言短小精炼。
3. 多为名词词组、动名词短语或祈使向。
知识点 一 段首题
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二 段落主题句
主题句分两种类型。
设空处在段首通常为主旨概括句,有时也可能为承上启下(过渡)句。如果设空处位于段首,要瞻前顾后找提示,即阅读上一段结尾部分,通常正确答案与之衔接,并结合本段内容,看所选的答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。
知识点 一 段首题
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1.主旨概括句
解题策略:认真阅读后文内容,段落的第一、二句是关键信息,查找同义词或其他相关的词,推断出主题句,有时也要参考最后一句,因为段落中常运用首尾呼应的原则,根据尾句进行验证。
选项特征:准确概括段落大意,避免以偏概全或偏离主题
知识点 一 段首题
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2.承上启下(过渡)句
在段首设空的题有时也可能起承上启下的作用,此时既要熟悉上一段内容,又要去结合下一段内容。
解题策略:做题时要联系上下文,把握逻辑关系,分析所选答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。
选项特征:过渡句与段落主旨相关,且与上下文语意连贯。
知识点 一 段首题
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___19___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.
A. Get out of your comfort zone.B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
【真题典例】(2023年新高考II卷)
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【答案】19. D
【解析】设空处位于段首,是本段的中心句,根据后文“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. (寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品,并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何,他们都让我感到受到了重视和尊重)”可知,本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品,所以D项“Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. (如果你感觉舒适的话,分享你的作品)”符合文意,是本段的中心句。故选D项。
2
段中题
PART ONE
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夯基·必备基础知识
命题规律:
段中设空的题目即为主题句的展开句。此种题要注意分析前后的逻辑性和内容的连贯性,注意句子之间的衔接手法,如代词、逻辑连接词等。做题时,首先要依据关键信息将选项进行排除,然后将剩下的可能答案逐一代入,达到选项和设空处的前后内容达到语意连贯及逻辑通顺,最终确定最佳选项。
知识点 二 段中题
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解题策略:
1.利用结构或暗示
2.利用逻辑关系
知识点 二 段中题
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夯基·必备基础知识
解题策略:
1.利用结构或暗示
2.利用逻辑关系
知识点 二 段中题
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夯基·必备基础知识
一 利用结构或暗示
首先:阅读选项并画出关键词;
然后:重点阅读设空处的前一句和后一句,画出关键词;
最后:找出它们之间的逻辑关系或根据意义的连贯性得出答案;
知识点 二 段中题
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夯基·必备基础知识
1. 先看选项
七选五的选项较少,并且给出的都是句子。可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号先判断该句在文章中的位置。另外,通过阅读选项,有可能找出跟其它选项表达完全不同意思的句子,这样可以直接将该选项排除。
知识点 二 段中题
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2. 再看空前空后
由于七选五空出的是句子,而这些句子与句子之间,必然有一种联系,可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性,从而选择正确的答案。
知识点 二 段中题
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3. 注意代词或定冠词
一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词,因为我们知道,代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的,然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型,这样可以迅速的确定备选选项。
知识点 二 段中题
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夯基·必备基础知识
(2023年新高考I卷)
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
【真题典例】
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夯基·必备基础知识
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【真题典例】
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【答案】19. C
【解析】根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on that shine through.(这样,你们就可以交换意见,谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同,以及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知,空处提到了某种方式,这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境,C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致,同时选项C和下文“In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.(事实上,不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故选C。
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夯基·必备基础知识
4. 注意一些特殊疑问词
选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词,一定要把这句话仔细读几遍,因为对于不同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一样的,比如对why的回答,后面要有because等表原因的词,对when的回答,后面要有表时间的状语,对where的回答,后面要有表地点的名词,对how的回答,后面要有方式状语等。
知识点 二 段中题
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5.注意选项和设空处是否为完整的句子
有时选项可能不是一个完整的句子,这样子可以在选项中圈定一些从句如if,when等开头的选项,再结合文章设空处前后的关联即可迅速判定正确选项。
知识点 二 段中题
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二 利用逻辑关系
连词可以表现句子与句子之间的逻辑关系,通过不同的连词我们可以推知句子与句子之间不同的关系。如一些表示转折的连词,but,However,yet,though,nevertheless等,另外还有一些表示并列关系的连词如and,also,as well as,neither nor,either or,not only...but also,on the one hand....on the other hand等。
知识点 二 段中题
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1.并列或递进关系
并列或递进关系是指后一句对前一句是一种顺承逻辑关系。
常见的表示并列关系的标志性词语有:irst(ly), second(ly), third(ly), next/then, finally/last, first of all, for one thing, for another thing, some ... others ..., to begin with, to conclude等;
常见的表示递进关系的标志性词语有:also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, what's more, not only ... but also ...等。
知识点 二 段中题
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夯基·必备基础知识
【真题典例】(2021全年国甲卷)●
Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection. Less people than that, and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
● 18 . They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.
G.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
知识点 二 段中题
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【答案】G
【解析】下文“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their ‘new’ clothes home.(他们还应该准备大量的可重复使用的袋子,把他们的‘新’衣服带回家。)”说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新衣服”准备袋子。G项(告诉每个人带来品相完好的衣服)说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服,G项中的“bring”和下文中的“carry”相呼应,都是为交换衣物所做的准备。下文中的“also”也是提示词,其中“They”指代G项的“everyone”。故选G。
知识点 二 段中题
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2.转折或让步关系
转折或让步关系是指后一句对前一句构成逆转逻辑关系。
常见表示转折或让步关系的标志性词语有:but, however, nevertheless, still, yet, while/though/although, or/otherwise, instead, on the contrary, in contrast, in comparison, by comparison等。
知识点 二 段中题
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【真题典例】
(2019年全国卷Ⅰ)We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”. 36 According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good.
E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said
知识点 二 段中题
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【答案】E
【解析】设空上一句的句意为:我们都是听着人们说的“出去呼吸点儿新鲜空气”长大的,设空下一句表示答案是肯定的。设空处应是针对去户外呼吸新鲜空气是否真有好处的一个问句。由此可知,E项(但是新鲜空气真的像你妈妈总说的那样对你有好处吗?)与前一句构成转折关系,逻辑合理。故选E。
知识点 二 段中题
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3.因果关系
因果关系是指后一句为前一句的结果(有时也为原因)。
常见的标志性词语有:so, therefore, thus, consequently, as a result (of), so/such ... that ..., so that, result in/from, lead to, due to, thanks to, owing to等。
知识点 二 段中题
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(2020年浙江高考)My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me. When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. 34 I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful. It was a trait (特点) others found helpful, and I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me.
F.Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.
【真题典例】
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【答案】F
【解析】根据前句“当我的母亲看到我的创作时,她说我的设计很有创意”可知,F项(于是,我开始对制造东西产生了长久的兴趣。)和前句构成因果关系,“我”正是在听了母亲那句话后才开始对制造东西产生兴趣。故选F。
【真题典例】
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4. 例证关系
例证关系是前后句的某句是为了证明或解释另一句而举的例子。
例证的形式具有多样性,思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。
常见的标志性词语有:for example, for instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words, that is (to say)等。
知识点 二 段中题
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【真题典例】(2021年浙江高考)
“Many people in China have limited exposure to English. 35 That said, we know of many postcrossing members, including Chinese, who have actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing,” Paulo says.
B.That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.
知识点 二 段中题
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夯基·必备基础知识
【答案】B
【解析】根据上文“Many people in China have limited exposure to English.(许多中国人很少能接触到英语。)”可知,对某些人来说学习英语的门槛较高。根据下文“That said, we know of many postcrossing members, including Chinese, who actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing(也就是说,我们知道很多交换明信片的人,包括中国人,他们通过交换明信片提高了英语水平)”可知,写明信片成为一种练习英语的渠道。B项(这使得学习和练习它变得格外困难。)符合语境。故选B。
知识点 二 段中题
3
段尾题
PART ONE
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夯基·必备基础知识
命题规律:
段尾设空的题多为总结本段内容,偶有起承上启下的作用。即要么是结论句,要么就是承上启下句。
题型和考查角度:
1.结论句:用于总结本段内容,常含有总结性的词语。
2.承上启下句:此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。
知识点 三 段尾题
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夯基·必备基础知识
1.总结概括句
解题策略:
1. 做题时一要注意设空的前一句或前两三句;
2. 要注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结的词语,如:thus, therefore, hence, so, as a result, in a word, in short, to conclude, to sum up等;
知识点 三 段尾题
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夯基·必备基础知识
2.承上启下(过渡)句
解题策略:
1.在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联,此时要考虑与下一段开头是否有衔接,认真阅读下一段的开头几句,看是否能紧密联系起来。
2.如果第一段的段尾是空白,往往是和下一段能连贯起来。
3.通常是结论、概括性语句。要注意表示总结的信号词,如therefore, as a result, hence, thus, to sum up, to conclude, in short, in a word等词语,选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
知识点 三 段尾题
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夯基·必备基础知识
4.与前文是转折或对比关系。
此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词,同时注意选项中所 讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比、转折、排比、并列、递进等关系。根据段落一致性原则,在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词,
知识点 三 段尾题
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夯基·必备基础知识
(2023届福建省高三联合测评试题)
● Send e-mails instead of traditional mail.
Traditional, posted mails require a lot of paper. There are also some other disadvantages to traditional mail. E-mails have a few advantages, including being delivered much quicker than traditional mail, the ability to be sent to one person or a larger group, and being able to send them at any time.
知识点 三 段尾题
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夯基·必备基础知识
A.Taking care of the Earth is everyone’s job.
B.You could use note app or word processor to do this.
C.Using old newspapers is a great, eco-friendly way to wrap gifts.
D.You could also text or call someone as opposed to sending traditional mail.
E.The back of a piece of paper can be used for things like drafts or other notes.
F.It takes a lot less energy to recycle paper than to make some from raw material.
G.Traditional mail is perhaps one of the most exciting ways to hear from someone.
知识点 三 段尾题
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夯基·必备基础知识
【答案】D
【解析】本段的标题是“Send e-mails instead of traditional mail. (用电子邮件代替传统信件。)”可知,根据D项的关键词“traditional mail”提示,D项:You could also text or call someone as opposed to sending traditional mail. (你也可以发短信或打电话,而不是发送传统的邮件。) 符合语境。故选D。
知识点 三 段尾题
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02
提升·必备题型归纳
1.(2023届辽宁省沈阳市二中模拟试题) ___
It’s easy to give in when your children are losing their tempers. But each time you give them what they want, you teach your children that their unacceptable acts are an effective way to get their needs met. If you want to raise mentally strong kids, stick to your limits.
考向一 段首句
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02
提升·必备题型归纳
A.Giving in to misbehavior
B.Keeping to your principles
C.Teach them not to give up dreams easily
D.Kids tend to have a wide variety of emotions
E.Therefore, set limits on what you give your children
F.You may think it’s cute to spend more money on your children
G.They are also more likely to struggle with self- confidence issues
考向一 段首句
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02
提升·必备题型归纳
【答案】A
【解析】根据下文“It’s easy to give in when your children are losing their tempers. But each time you give them what they want, you teach your children that their unacceptable acts are an effective way to get their needs met. If you want to raise mentally strong kids, stick to your limits. (当你的孩子发脾气时,你很容易屈服。但每次你给他们想要的东西,你都会教育你的孩子,他们不可接受的行为是满足他们需求的有效途径。如果你想培养心智健全的孩子,就要坚持自己的极限)”可知,这里指出父母向孩子的要求屈服的不当做法。选项A“向不当行为屈服”和下文意思一致。故选A。
考向一 段首句
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02
提升·必备题型归纳
(2023届吉林省长春吉大附中实验学校试题)
Don’t watch or read scary content before bed.
Images-from any exciting or disturbing content you watch before bed can appear in your dreams. 164 Reading the news media and then hopping into bed is more likely to give rise to upsetting dreams than looking through pictures from your last vacation with your family.
考向二 段中句
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02
提升·必备题型归纳
A.Use a white noise machine.
B.Practice stress-relieving activities.
C.A healthy sleep routine begets sound sleep.
D.Instead, try herbal teas and other drinks aiding sleep.
E.How can we reduce nightmares and improve our sleep
F.During the pandemic, even our everyday lives are looking pretty scary, too.
G.Dreams and rapid eye movement sleep is essential for memory improvement.
考向二 段中句
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02
提升·必备题型归纳
【答案】F
【解析】根据上文提示“Images-from any exciting or... in your dreams.”(睡前观看的任何令人兴奋或不安的内容都会出现在你的梦中。)可知,睡觉前看那些好的或不好的消息都会出现在你的梦中,再根据下文提示“Reading the news media and upsetting dreams... with your family.”(阅读新闻媒体,然后跳到床上,比浏览上次和家人度假的照片更容易引发令人不安的梦。)可知,阅读这些新闻使你不安,这说明阅读的新闻是不好的消息,由此可知,F项“During the pandemic, even our everyday lives are looking pretty scary, too.”符合,引起下文,新闻媒体播放的那些消息正是疫情期间那些人们可怕的生活,即下文“the news media”内容指的是“even our everyday lives are looking pretty scary”。故选F。
考向二 段中句
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02
提升·必备题型归纳
(2023届辽宁省沈阳市二中模拟试题)
Expecting Perfection
While high expectations are good for kids, setting the goal too high is likely to get the opposite effect. Whether you expect too much from your child on the sports field, or your academic expectations are unreasonable, kids who feel they can’t succeed are likely to stop trying.
考向三 段尾句
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02
提升·必备题型归纳
A.Giving in to misbehavior
B.Keeping to your principles
C.Teach them not to give up dreams easily
D.Kids tend to have a wide variety of emotions
E.Therefore, set limits on what you give your children
F.You may think it’s cute to spend more money on your children
G.They are also more likely to struggle with self- confidence issues
考向三 段尾句
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02
提升·必备题型归纳
【答案】G
【解析】根据上文“While high expectations are good for kids, setting the goal too high is ... kids who feel they can’t succeed are likely to stop trying. (虽然高期望值对孩子有好处,但设定过高的目标可能会产生相反的效果。无论你对孩子在运动场上的期望过高,还是对学业的期望不合理,那些觉得自己无法成功的孩子都可能停止尝试)”可知,这里提出对孩子期望值太高的坏处。选项G“他们也更有可能与自信问题作斗争”和上文意思一致。故选G。
PART ONE
真题感悟
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02
真题感悟
1.( 2023年新高考I卷 )
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. ____16____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
...In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____17____ Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.
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02
真题感悟
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
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02
真题感悟
【答案】16. D 17. B
【16题详解】根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human.(为错误承担责任是积极的一步,但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过。)”可知,作者认为人都会犯错,勇于承担责任固然重要,但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点。)”中的“do this”以及下文内容可推断,空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.(宽恕自己也同样重要。)”与“不要太自责”语意相近,起承上启下的作用。故选D。
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02
真题感悟
【答案】16. D 17. B
【17题详解】根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ”(在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”。)”以及空后内容“Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.(你有爱心吗?有创造力吗?你慷慨吗?是一个好的倾听者?与人相处很有趣吗?它们不一定要改变世界,只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知,空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容,下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。
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02
真题感悟
2.(2023年新高考II卷 )
·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ___17___
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. ___18___ Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club;we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
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02
真题感悟
A Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
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02
真题感悟
【答案】 17. G 18. A
【17题详解】设空处位于段尾,是对本段总结,根据前文“Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. (经常作画,且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你是绘制静物、肖像还是风景,都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制)”可知,本段主要讲述不断练习绘画,所以G项“You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. (你会逐渐形成只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆)”是对前文的总结。故选G项。
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02
真题感悟
【答案】 17. G 18. A
【18题详解】设空处位于第二句,此处应是对前一句的进一步解释,并同时引出后文,根据前文“Continually challenge yourself to try something new. (不断挑战自己,尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artistic growth can be a bit painful. (艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知,A项“Get out of your comfort zone. (走出你的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明,和后文构成顺承关系。故选A项。
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