人教版（2019）选修三Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Reading and Thinking重难点词句语法基础 提升练（含答案）

选择性必修二 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage-Reading and Thinking 词汇练习及句型讲练
根据中文或首字母提示写出下列单词。（P38—40）
for a dangerous journey: small ______________(工资), ________________(严寒的) cold, long months of complete darkness, constant danger, and safe return uncertain.
Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t q__________________.
But I was so e_____________________ about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went a______________ his ship.
He ________________(分派) me to be a steward, an I now serve meals for twenty-eight men, three times a day.
How everyone will __________________(羡慕) me when I come back and tell them about he amazing places I have been to!
And when the ship s_________________, our hearts sank with it.
Before we __________________(放弃) the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies.
We are now crowded together under one of our boats on the rocky shore of this _________________(令人难受的) place.
Their _________________(真诚的) concern for others, their perseverance, and their _______________(坚定的信念) fill me with hope.
Life is c_______________ to Oliver when he was young. Although living a miserable life, he had a very kind heart.
二、单句语法填空（P38—40）
1. Shackleton was one of the most famous ________________(explore) of his day and it was considered ________ great honor to be part of his expeditions.
2. However, when I applied ________________(join) the expedition, Shackleton turned me ____________ because he thought I was too young and wasn’t _________________(qualify).
3. But I was so _____________________(enthusiasm) about the idea of going along with them ___________ I secretly went aboard his ship.
4. He assigned me _____________(be) a steward, and I now serve __________(meal) for twenty-eight men, three times a day.
5. Endurance became _____________(stick) in the ice as we approached Antarctica. The ice ____________(freeze) around us and we were well and ___________(true) stuck!
6. We were not allowed ________________(take) most of our personal belongings, and Shackleton ___________(him) threw away all his gold.
7. We are now camped on the ice and we have been _______________(manage) to survive. ___________ spring is coming, and the ice will soon begin to melt.
8. We have been _______________(struggle) for days, but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to _______________(bad).
9. We are now ________________(crowd) together under one of our boats on the _____________(rock) shore of this miserable place.
10. The voyage was too _______________(danger) and difficult for all of us to make _________ in our small boats.
11. However, these happy ________________(memory) are soon interrupted by _________ sudden cold rush of air.
12. He used to be so cross and bitter ____________ nobody could be _______________(tolerate) of him, but the birth of his son changed his life and made him a ______________(good) person. (书本练习改编)
三、写出下列词组含义，并用其适当形式填空。
of one’s day _____________________ dream of/about___________________ turn down____________
be qualified for __________________ become/be stuck in _______________ set off _______________
keep one’s spirits up _______________ under one’s guidance _______________ make it ______________
abandon oneself to ________________ be envious of _____________________ after all ______________
go from bad to worse ______________ go smoothly ______________________ hold on ______________
be enthusiastic about _______________ go aboard ________________________ in panic _____________
How could you __________________ such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months
I’m writing to apply to join it, thinking that I ________________________ the job well.
John ________________________ academic research and has achieved great contributions.
After two days _________________ the snow, Nicholas was saved.
According to the timetable, the train is due to leave in five minutes. We’ll never ________________.
I wanted to give up, but Dad encouraged me _________________________.
Things _____________________________ after heavy rains damaged the only power cables(缆绳) in the area.
Though you went through dozens of challenges, you made it ___________________.
I can’t ________________ to the camera tonight, for I have caught a heavy cold.
For me common people on the earth, I ___________________ travelling around space one day.
四、美句欣赏及重点句式复习和仿写
1. Below are some of Blackborow’s diary entries.
完全倒装结构： 表示方位的副词位于句首，且主语为名词时
当副词here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away等位于句首，谓语动词是come, go, run, rush, fly等，且主语时名词时；如：1). Now comes your turn. 2). Out rushed a dog.
表示地点的介词短语位于句首，谓语动词是不及物动词如lie, stand, sit, exist等或连系动词be, 且主语是名词时；如：In front of our house stands a big tree.
复习其他常见部分倒装句
1). 墙上挂着一张世界地图。____________________________________________________________________
2). 那个人从马上跳了下来。____________________________________________________________________
3). 许多历史名人的雕像矗立在那儿。____________________________________________________________
2. But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship…
复习so…that…和such…that…的用法。
1). 那儿的风景是如此迷人以致于我立刻沉湎其中。(abandon oneself to…)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2). Shackleton是如此勇敢又坚定的人以致于我总指望他做一些不可能的事。(fearless；count on sb. to do…)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. … the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats.
复习too…to…的用法
时间太紧迫了，我们不可能在这么短的时间内要成功抵达约定的地方。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Without Frank and Ernest, we’d all be dead by now.
含蓄条件句是指，虚拟语气中，并不总是出现if 引导的件句，而是由otherwise, but 等词来引导者通过上下文引出。常见的有： without, otherwise, or, but for, given, supposing, as if, as though, even if, even though...
1). 没有你及时的帮助，我不可能顺利的解决这个问题。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 他中文说得很流利，好像他是中国人似的。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3). Without my teacher’s help and support, I _____________________ (be)where I am today.
4). The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________________(accomplish)the task in half the time.
其他虚拟语气用法复习：
If虚拟条件句
虚拟情况 从句谓语 主句谓语
与现在事实相反 过去式(be用were) would/should/could/might do
与过去事实相反 had done would/should/could/might have done
与将来事实相反 were to do/should do/did/were would/should/could/might do
注一：省略if的虚拟条件句：将虚拟条件从句中的were, had, should提到主语前构成部分倒装；
注二：混合虚拟条件句：错综时间是指条件状语从句表示的行为和主句所表示的行为发生的时间不一致。如从句指过去，而主句指的是现在或者将来，此时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整
5). If he _______________(follow)my advice, he wouldn’t have failed his exam once again.
6). __________________ he still a child, we could forgive him for his mistakes!
7). If you had brought your swimming suit with you, we _______________(go)swimming in the lake now.
Wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气
对现在情况的虚拟：wish+主语+did
对过去情况的虚拟：wish+主语+had done
对过去情况的虚拟：wish+主语+would/could/might +do
8). I wish I ________________(tell) him the way to the supermarket.
9). I wish I ___________(be) a bird and could fly high in the sky.
10). We wish we ________________(live) on the moon one day.
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
表“建议”、“命令”、“要求”等词所在的名词性从句中，从句中主语之后+ (should )do；常见动词有suggest, order, propose, request, require, demand, advise, insist, recommend
11). An order came that all the army supply ________________(send)to the front before daybreak.
12). His mother insisted that they ______________(spend) their summer holidays in the countryside that that the fresh air _____________(be) of help to their health.
13). His pale face suggested that he ___________(be) ill. That was why his mother suggested that he _____________(see) a doctor.
14). The law requires that everyone _______________(have) his car checked at least once a year.
情态动词+have done:
should/ought to have done 本应该做… could/may/might have done 本可以做…
need have done 本需要做… shouldn’t have done 本不应该做… needn’t have done 本不需要做…
注意：情态动词+have done 还可以表对过去事情的推测，
如He might have known the truth.他可能已经直到真相了。
15). She ____________________(help) you, but she was busy yesterday.
16). ---Why are you pulling a long face today, honey ---You _____________(know) it’s May 20th.
17). It ____________________(rain) last night, for the road is quite muddy.
虚拟语气在句式中的应用：
a. It is +形容词 +that+ 主语+（should+动词原形），should可以省略, 常见形容词：important, necessary, essential, strange, natural...
b. I would rather you had helped me out two days ago 我宁愿你能在两天前帮助我.（对过去事情的虚拟）
c. It is （high）time that+ 主语+ should/过去式
d. If only I had much money. 要是我有很多钱就好了。（对现在的虚拟）
18). The nationwide smog serves as a constant reminder, indicating that ___________________________________
________________________________________________(我们是时候致力于保护环境了).
19). 我宁愿你没告诉过我这个消息。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
20). —This is the first time I ____________________(take)my picture with my own hands.
—It is time that you _______________________(take)a picture for me.
5. Perhaps there is a chance (that) we will return home, after all.
There is a chance that…意为 “有…的可能”，也可以是The chance is that… 或用其复数形式
其他: there is a/no possibility that…; it is possible/impossible for sb. to do sth.
1). 有可能你的提议会被拒绝。毕竟它一点都不实用。（turn down）
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 短时间内使令人难受的疫情得到控制是不可能的。（miserable）
____________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Life was cruel to Oliver when he was young. Although living a miserable life, he had a very kind heart.
7. However, these happy memories are soon interrupted by a sudden cold rush of air.
我在舒适的床上睡得正香，一阵突然袭来的冷风把我惊醒了。(cozy, doing作状语)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
8. Shackleton was one of the most famous explorers of his day and it was considered a great honor to be part of his expeditions.
Shakespeare被认为是他那个时代最伟大的戏剧家。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
9. When the ship sank, our hearts sank with it.
面对如此多是是非非(rights and wrongs)，我的心拔凉拔凉的。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
10. “Hold on now, Perce. Don’t you go turning into another Tom,” came the reply.
消息传来情况每况愈下，这让我很失落。（go from bad to worse, feel low）
____________________________________________________________________________________________
11. Their genuine concern for others, their perseverance, and their resolve fill me with hope.
当我绝望的时候，正是他们的鼓励和无私的帮助让我充满了希望。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
附加：12. 当我撞车的时候，我惊慌失措。（seize, crush）
____________________________________________________________________________________________
五、完形填空
A farmer owned an old mule (骡子). One day the mule ___1___ into the farmer’s well unluckily. The farmer heard the mule crying. He tried every possible way to save the mule, but ___2___.
After carefully thinking about the situation, the farmer decided that neither the mule nor the well was worth greater efforts. ___3___, he called his neighbors together, told them what had happened, and asked them to help carry dirt to ___4___ the old mule in the ___5___ and put him out of his disaster.
At first, the old mule was mad! But as the farmer and the neighbors ___6___ shoveling (铲土)and the dirt hit his back, an idea ___7___ to him. Every time a shovelful of ___8___ landed on his back, he would shake it off and step up!
This he did, blow after blow. “Shake it off and step up… shake it off and step up… shake it off and step up!” He repeated to ___9___ himself. No matter how painful the blows, or how ____10____ the situation seemed, the old mule overcame his fear and just kept right on shaking it off and stepping up!
It wasn’t long ____11____ the old mule, tired out, stepped successfully over the wall of that well! What seemed to have destroyed him actually ____12____ him…all because of the way ____13____ which he dealt with his adversity.
That’s life! We should ____14____ our problems and respond to them ____15____, and refuse to give in to fear, bitterness, or self-pity.
1．A．felt B．fell C．flowed D．flew
2．A．escaped B．refused C．succeeded D．failed
3．A．Moreover B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise
4．A．cover B．drive C．save D．wash
5．A．house B．situation C．wall D．well
6．A．continued B．stopped C．finished D．suggested
7．A．replied B．got C．turned D．occurred
8．A．pain B．dirt C．fear D．pity
9．A．encourage B．experience C．expect D．explore
10．A．painless B．possible C．hopeless D．useful
11．A．while B．since C．after D．before
12．A．hurt B．helped C．punished D．controlled
13．A．of B．to C．in D．on
14．A．hide B．cause C．face D．avoid
15．A．obviously B．positively C．curiously D．necessarily
六、阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Adversity(逆境) can beat you down, but probably it also has the ability to make you stronger. The impact and ultimate result depend on ____1____ you do with the difficulties that come in your way.
Beethoven composed one of his ____2____ (great) works after going deaf. Sir Walter Raleigh wrote The History of the World during his thirteen-year imprisonment. Had Columbus turned back, no one could ____3____ (blame) him. Of course, no one would have remembered ____4____, either. Abraham Lincoln made great achievements by his display of wisdom during the American Civil War.
Eventually, consider a more recent example. For sixteen years, Dr. Mary Groda-Lewis had a difficult time ___5___ (study) the written words on account of a learning disorder. She ___6___ (put) in prison on two different occasions and almost died of a stroke when bearing a child. ___7___ (commit) to going to college, she did a variety of odd jobs to save money. When graduating from high school at eighteen, she was considered as an outstanding student and finally entered college ___8___ (success). Determined to become a doctor,she received many ___9___ (rejection) of the medical schools before Albany Medical College finally accepted her. In 1984, Dr. Mary Groda-Lewis, ____10____ was thirty-five years old then, graduated with honors and realized her dream.
Unit 4 Reading and Thinking 参考答案：一二答案略
三、1 turn down 2 am qualified for 3 is enthusiastic about 4 stuck in 5 make it 6 to hod on
7 went from bad to worse 8 after all 9 make it 10 have been dreaming of
四、1. 1) On the wall hangs a map of the world.
2) Down jumped the man from the horse.
3) There stand many sculptures of historical celebrities.
2. 1). The scenery there was so fascinating/breathtaking/amazing that I abandoned myself to it instantly.
=So fascinating was the scenery there that I abandoned myself to it instantly.
2). Shackleton was such a fearless and determined man that I always counted on him to do something impossible.
=Such a fearless and determined man was Shackleton that I always counted on him to do something impossible.
3. Time is too urgent for us to make it to/manage to reach the appointed place in such a short time.
4. 1). Without your timely help, I wouldn’t have tackled the problem so smoothly.
2). He speaks Chinese fluently as if he were a Chinese. 3) wouldn’t be 4) would have accomplished
5) had followed 6) Were 7) would go
8) had told 9) were 10) could live
11) (should) be sent 12) (should) spend; was 13) was; (should) see 14) (should) have
15) could have helped 16) should have known 17) must have rained
18). it's (high) time that we should devote ourselves to environmental protection.
19) I would rather that you hadn’t told me the news/ hadn’t informed me of the news.
20). have taken, took/should take
5. 1). There is a chance that your proposal will be turned down. After all, it is impractical.
=The chance is that your proposal will be turned down. After all, it is impractical.
2). There’s no chance/possibility that the miserable epidemic will be under control in a short time.
=It is impossible that the miserable epidemic will be under control in a short time.
6/7. Sleeping soundly in my cozy bed, I was awakened by a sudden cold rush of air.
8. Shakespear was considered to be/as the greatest dramatist of his day.
9. In face of so many rights and wrongs, my hearts sank with them.
10. Word/News came that the situation was going from bad to worse, which made me feel low.
11. when I was in despair, it was their encouragement and selfless help that filled me with hope.
附加：12. I was seized by panic/Fear seized me when my car got crushed.
完形：DBACB CDADA BABDC
语法填空：1 what 2 greatest 3 have blamed 4 him 5 studying 6 was put 7 Committed
8 successfully 9 rejections 10 who