人教版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Courage单元语法和写作（重难点词句语法基础 提升练）（含答案）

选择性必修三 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 单元语法及写作
一、单元语法（现在完成进行时）
1. 现在完成进行时结构：has/have been doing
2. 用法：a. 表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在并且有可能继续下去的动作，常与延续性动词连用，并常与all the time, this week, this month, all night,all morning, recently等状语以及since和for引导的状语从句连用。
e.g. I have been reading Heimingway’s A Farewell to Arms recently.
b. 表示动作刚刚结束 e.g. Sorry! I’m late. How long have you been waiting for me
c. 表示近期内重复发生的动作 e.g. We have been discussing the matter several times this year.
d.表示某种感彩 e.g. She has been persuading me out of the plan.(不耐烦)
3. 现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别
a. 现在完成时强调某个刚完成的动作或某个过去动作对现在的影响；而现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性。
比较：He has written a letter. (已写好)
He has been writing a letter.(一直在写，还没写完)
b. 现在完成时一般不表示动作的重复性，而现在完成进行时可以。
比较：I have met the couple recently. (见过)
I have been meeting the couple recently.(常见面)
c. 现在完成时一般是平铺直叙，而现在完成进行时有时含有感彩。
比较：I have waited for the master musician for two hours.(说明一个事实)
I have been waiting for the master musician for two hours. (一直等了两个小时，可能表示不满)
d. 表示状态、感觉或情感的动词，如see, feel, know, love等，可用于现在完成时，但不可用于现在完成进行时。
We have known each other for many years.
I. 单句语法填空
1. Dozens of doctors and nurses ________________________ (work) day and night for weeks since the novel coronavirus.
2. The number of mixed marriage _____________________(increase) greatly in recent years.
3. The police _______________________________(wait) here for several days for an escaped criminal.
4. It is the third time that you _______________________________(come) to our school.
5. Little Jimmy is dirty all over because he _________________________(play) in the mud all the morning.
6. Li Ming _____________(go) abroad last year. We ____________________(not hear) from each other since then.
7. In the early period of the 17th century, Chinese tea ____________________(export) to Europe.
8. Since he became director of the Palace Museum, he _______________________(brought) many changes to the world’s largest royal complex(建筑群).
9. In the last few years, China ___________________(make) great achievements in environmental protection.
10. Now that she is out of job, Lucy ______________________(consider) going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
11. He once ________________(tell) me that he likes modern art.
12. Having got two tickets for the art exhibition, I __________________(consider) inviting my friend Tony to go along with me now.
II．完成下面句子
1. 自从这个男孩失踪之后，就一直没出现过。
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我踢了一上午的球，所以现在出汗很多。
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他早饭之后去了图书馆，自那以后一直在写文章。
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4. 我找了三个月工作了，这是我第一次正式的面试。
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5. 这是你第一次来我们学校。
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III、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Over the years I _______________(teach) kids about a simple but powerful concept — the ant philosophy(哲学), 2_________________ amazing four-part philosophy.
First, ants never quit. They’ll climb over, they’ll climb under, and they’ll climb around. They keep looking for another way. What a neat (了不起的) philosophy it is to never quit 3______________(look) for a way to get where you 4________________(suppose) to go! Second, ants think about winter and summer. They are always gathering their winter food in the middle of summer and they 5________________(make) preparations for the long cold winter. So you have to think about storms in summer, think about rock 6____________ you enjoy the sand and sun. The third part is that ants think summer all winter. During the winter, they remind 7____________(them), “This won’t last long; we’ll soon be out of here.” And on the first warm day, the ants are out. If it 8____________(turn) cold again, they’ll dive back down. But they come out again if it is warm. They can’t wait to get out. Last, how much will an ant gather during the summer 9___________(prepare) for the winter All that it possibly can. 10_____________ a great philosophy to have — the ant philosophy: never give up, look ahead, stay positive and do all you can.
单元写作：人物报告类记叙文
I、描写人物的文章，结构一般分为三部分：
a. 陈述人物的出生时间、地点或家庭背景等；
b. 描述人物所经历的挑战和困难以及如何面对挑战，战胜困难，还可以列举其主要经历、事迹或成就；
c. 描述人们的评价，或发表自己的看法。
在具体的写作中要抓住要点并进行必要的发挥，使文章信息连贯、层次清晰、结构紧凑。同时为了提高文章的表达档次，还要注意句式的变化以及高级词汇的运用。
II、典例详析
假设你是李华，本学期你阅读了小说《了不起的盖茨比》(The Great Gatsby), 请根据提示用英语写一篇书评。
基本信息 作者：美国作家 F.Scott Fitzgerald； 背景：20世纪20年代，美国
故事情节 主人公Gatsby，靠非法经营实现了他的美国梦，爱上了Daisy. 在Gatsby看来，Daisy是美好生活的象征，而实际上，Daisy自私、肤浅，并最终导致Gatsby走向了悲剧的结局。
评价 ......
注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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a. 关键词语：
1. 代表作__________________________________ 2. 文学经典 _________________________
3. 追求某人的梦想__________________________ 4. 非法经营 _________________________
5. 爱上某人 _______________________________ 6. 远非，完全不_______________________
7. 自私而肤浅的人__________________________ 8. 回报；取得好结果___________________
9. 致力于...; 投身于...________________________ 10 有...的才能 ________________________
11. 胜任；合适 _____________________________ 12. 成功做某事________________________
b. 根据中文提示完成下面句子（尽可能用上已学词汇和句式）：
1). 小说《了不起的盖茨比》是美国作家F.Scott Fitzgerald的代表作。
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2). 它是20世纪20年代的反应，也被公认为那个时代的文学经典。
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3). 《了不起的盖茨比》展示了Gatsby追求梦想的悲剧故事。
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4). 通过非法经营，他最终实现了他的梦想。
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5). 爱上了Daisy. 在Gatsby看来，Daisy是美好生活的象征。
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6). 但实际上，Daisy自私、肤浅，完全不是Gatsby想象的那样。并最终导致Gatsby走向了悲剧的结局。
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7). 尽管Gatsby的努力没有得到回报，但他努力实现梦想和改变命运的精神让我深受感动。
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连句成文（尽可能使用高级词汇和句式）：
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实战演练：
你校英文报“Famous Scientists” 专栏正在征文，请根据表格所给信息用英语写一篇介绍著名物理学家Stephen Hawking的短文并投稿。
生平简介 1942年1月生于英国牛津；21岁时身患疾病，只能靠轮椅出行。
重要著作及成就 《时间简史》(A Brief History of Time); 改变了人们在时空上对宇宙的理解。
注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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三、阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“If mum finds out that I'm going to the beach, I'll be in big trouble.” I said to myself softly in a low voice.
I went downstairs slowly and tried to walk casually into the kitchen. As I was walking towards the back door, mum asked without looking up from her dish-washing, “Where are you going ” I answered back without hesitation, “I am going to the garden to play.” After I got out of the kitchen, I breathed a sign of relief. My plan had worked out fine so far. I climbed the fence and jumped onto the muddy field next to my house and started running towards the bus stop at top speed.
After half an hour I was at the beach scanning the crowd for my friends, Jimmy and Bobby. Two young men were racing in the canoes (独木舟). After a while, I saw them near a coconut tree. I ran towards them and got into my swimming trunk (游泳裤). For about an hour, we played volleyball happily.
Suddenly, Bobby hit the ball too hard and the ball fell into the sea. Just as Bobby was going to pick up the ball, the tide came in and carried the ball further and further away from the shore. I wanted to show off my swimming skills so I declared to help get the ball for him.
I dived into the water and started swimming at a steady pace. After swimming for about ten minutes, I became tired but when I saw that the ball was only a few feet away from me, I put in an extra burst of speed. However, just as I was going to get the ball, a very strong current swept the ball further away from me. At that moment, a string of weed (海草) tangled (缠绕) up with my feet and I could not swim properly.
I struggled to keep afloat but it was no use. “If I had listened to my parents, this would never have happened,” I thought silently.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Finally, after struggling for a minute or two, I still got pulled underwater. ____________________________
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When I woke up, I was in an empty room lying on a bed._________________________________________
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【思路点拨】本文以去海滩为线索展开，讲述作者瞒着妈妈和朋友去海滩，在打排球的时候伙伴将排球打到水中，作者为了展现游泳技术，潜入水中捡球，但被水草缠住，陷入危险中。幸运的是被两个男人救下，送入医院。通过这次可怕的经历使作者决心不再炫耀。
【详解】
1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“I struggled to float but it was no use”以及段落续写第二段首句“When I woke up, I was lying on a bed in an empty room”可知，第一段可描写作者落水遇险，最终获救。
②由第二段首句内容“When I woke up, I was lying on a bed in an empty room”可知，第二段可描写作者醒来后发生的事情及自己的感悟。
可能使用的续写线索：
. “If mum finds out that I’m going to the beach, I’ll be in big trouble.” I muttered to myself softly.
Just as Bobby was going to pick up the ball, the tide came in and carried the ball further and further away from the shore.
. I want to show off my swimming skills so I decided to get the ball for them.
. After swimming for about ten minutes, I became tired.
. Just as I was going to catch the ball, a very strong current swept the ball further away from me.
. At that moment, a string of weed tangled up with my feet and I could not swim properly.
情节发展：落水——挣扎——被救——醒来——感悟(注意故事的曲折性)
Unit 4 单元语法和写作参考答案：
一、I、1 have been working 2 has been increasing 3 have been waiting 4 have come 5 has been playing
6 went; haven’t heard 7 was exported 8 has brought 9 has made 10 has been considering
11 told 12 am considering
1 The boy hasn’t shown up since he went missing.
2 I have been playing football all the morning, so I’m sweating heavily.
3 He went to the library after breakfast, and has been writing his essay since then.
4 I have been looking for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview.
5 It is the first time that you have come to our school.
III、1 have been teaching 2 an 3 looking 4 are supposed 5 are making 6 when/as
7 themselves 8 turns 9 to prepare 10 What
二、a. 1 a representative work 2 a literary classic 3 pursue one’s dream 4 illegal business
5 fall in love with 6 far from 7 a selfish and shallow person 8 pay off 9 devote/commit...to...
10 have a gift/talent for 11 be qualified for 12 succeed in doing.../manage to do...
b. 1. The novel The Great Gatsby is the representative work of American writer F. Scott Fitzgerald.
2. It is a true reflection of the 1920s and universally acknowledged as a literary classic.
3. The Great Gatsby shows the tragic story of Gatsby’s pursuing his dream.
4. He realizes his dream by illegal business.
5. He fall in love with Daisy, who，in his eyes, represents a beautiful life.
6. However, in real/actual life, she is selfish and shallow, far from what Gatsby imagines and finally leads Gatsby to a sad ending.
7. Although Gatsby’s efforts do not pay off, his spirit of struggling to realise his dream and change his fate touches me deeply.
连句成篇：
The novel The Great Gatsby, a true reflection of the 1920s, is the representative work of American writer F. Scott Fitzgerald and universally acknowledged as a literary classic.
The Great Gatsby shows the tragic story of Gatsby’s pursuing his dream. Illegal business helps Gatsby realize his dream. At the same time, he falls in love with Daisy, who，in his eyes, represents a beautiful life. However, in real life, she is selfish and shallow, far from what Gatsby imagines and finally leads Gatsby to a sad ending.
In my opinion, the tragedy of Gatsby reflects the theme of the novel---the decline of the American dream. But then again, although Gatsby’s efforts do not pay off, his spirit of struggling to realise his dream and change his fate touches me deeply.
实战演练：
Stephen Hawking was a great scientist and an extraordinary man all through the world.
Stephen Hawking was born in January 1942 in Oxford, England. At the age of 21, he was diagnosed with a disease tht attacks the nerves and muscles of the body. He lost the ability to walk freely and he had to live in wheelchairs. However, he faced his own misfortune, overcame all difficulties and concentrated on scientific research into universe.
In 1998, he published A Brief History of Time, which made a great contribution to the understanding of the universe.
读后续写：
Finally, after struggling for a minute or two. I still got pulled underwater. I told myself I should never give up. Then I pulled the weed again with great efforts. The weed finally broke. I swam back to the surface to take a deep breath. I saw two young men in the canoes, racing each other. I was exhausted but shouted for help. The two men saw me and raced towards me. By the time they reached me, I had been already unconscious.
When I woke up, I was lying on a bed in an empty room. It was not until a doctor came into the room that I realized that I was in a hospital. Jimmy and Bobby told me the two young men brought me to the shore and sent me to the hospital. After a few minutes, my parents, with half angry and half worried faces, walked in. They scolded me for running out of the house secretly but were also glad that I was not seriously injured. With tears in my eyes, I murmured, “Sorry!” I will never forget that terrifying experience. Neither will I ever show off again.