2024年新高考英语二轮复习零失误规范训练【小题狂练】
专题11阅读理解写作手法题20篇80题(考情+妙招+模拟) 解析版
技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货
一、近年高考考情
1.（2020年浙江卷C篇）29题
2.（2016年四川卷D篇）35题
二、解题小妙招
高考阅读理解主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一，其共同目的就是增强说服力，服务于段落或篇章的主旨。
1.根据文章题材来判断。
①记叙文多采取以时间为序、以空间为序、以故事情节发展为序等叙事方式进行写作。
②说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比等方式使说明更清晰或更具说服力。
③议论文大多通过举例子、列数字、引名言、作对比是使得观点更可信，更有权威性。
2.根据“原文定位”来判断。
先根据题干判断是具体某段还是全文写作手法，然后寻找标志词，进而找到答案。
①by giving examples 通过举例。标志词:for example, for instance
②by analyzing causes通过分析原因。标志词：as a result/consequence
③by giving definitions通过下定义。标志词：that is to say
④by listing data/statistics通过列数字。标志词：具体数字
⑤by describing a process 通过描述过程。标志词：first, second, third, finally
⑥by following time order 遵循时间顺序。标志词：in 1920，in the 1940s, nowadays
⑦by making comparisons/contrast 通过对比。标志词：but, while,
⑧by making classifications 通过分类。标志词：first, next, then
⑨by analyzing cause and effect 通过分析因果。标志词：That is because….
⑩by following space order 遵循空间顺序。标志词：由近及远，由外到内
三、零失误小妙招
1.做题留痕，依据题干在原文圈划答题区间；
2.划掉错项，去伪存真，快速作答提升效率；
3.错题反思，专用笔记本记录错因举一反三。
模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！
（2024上·山东青岛·高三统考期末）Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents’ praise has put them.
Still, don’t go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.
So what is the right amount of praise Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to put themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.”
Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate (相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it.
1. What can be implied from Jenn Berman’s remarks
A. Parents praise their kids too much.
B. Going to the extremes is common for parents.
C. Parents should understand their kids better.
D. Confidence is significant for kids’ well being.
2. What does the underlined word “backfire” mean
A. Give support. B. Get undesired effect.
C. Put a fire under control. D. Become powerful.
3. As to giving children praise, which aspect will Donahue agree to
A. Praise your children as often as possible.
B. Never expect much of your children.
C. All children deserves a verbal reward.
D. Children’s effort outweighs the result.
4. How does the author develop the last paragraph
A. By answering a question. B. By giving examples.
C. By quoting. D. By making comparison.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章指出，过多的表扬可能会让孩子不敢尝试新事物或冒险，而表扬不足则可能让孩子感到自己不够好或不被关心。专家建议，表扬的质量比数量更重要，应该真诚地关注孩子的努力而非结果，并根据孩子的具体情况给予适当的表扬。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite.(《培养快乐自信的孩子A到Z指南》一书的作者詹恩 伯尔曼说：“几十年前，父母往往更严格，而现在我们走到了与之相反的极端。”通过给孩子很多表扬，父母认为他们正在建立孩子的信心，而事实上，可能恰恰相反)”可知，詹恩 伯尔曼认为以前的父母对孩子很严格，但现在我们走到了另一个极端，即父母对孩子过度表扬。故选A项。
2. 词句猜测题。上文“By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite.(通过给孩子很多表扬，父母认为他们正在建立孩子的信心，而事实上，可能恰恰相反)”明确告知过多的表扬会导致相反的结果，所以划线词所在句“Too much praise can backfire”是指过多的表扬会适得其反。划线词backfire与get undesired effect同义，指“产生不良效果”。故选B项。
3. 推理判断题。根据第三段中唐纳修的话“We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to put themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,(我们应该特别认可孩子们为实现目标而付出的努力)”和“One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.(要记住的一件事是，重要的是过程而不是最终结果)”可知，唐纳修认为表扬应关注孩子们为实现目标而付出的努力，重要的是过程而不是最终结果。由此推知，他赞同“孩子们的努力比结果重要”这一说法。故选D项。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate (相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it.(你的儿子可能不是球队里最好的篮球运动员。但如果他每天都在那里努力打球，不管他的球队是赢是输，你都应该赞扬他的努力。赞美孩子的努力，而不是结果，也意味着在孩子努力打扫院子、做饭或完成读书报告时，对她的认可。但不管是什么，表扬都应该基于具体情况，并与孩子付出的努力成比例)”可知，段中就我们应该如何表扬孩子进行了举例说明，文中列举并说明了孩子打篮球、打扫院子、做饭或完成读书报告后，我们应该如何进行表扬。所以最后一段是通过的举例方式展开的。故选B项。
（2024上·河南·高三校联考期末）The illusion of choice is a cognitive bias that causes people to believe they have more control over their lives than they actually do. In fact, it is a false sense of control that can lead to suboptimal decision-making.
The concept is relatively new. It was first referred to by American philosopher and psychologist William James. James argues that choices can be forced or avoidable, and that every dilemma based on a complete logical disjunction, with no possibility of not choosing, is an option of this forced kind. In a paper published in 2000, psychologists Sheena Iyengar and Mark Lepper found that people are more likely to purchase products when they are given fewer choices.
The illusion of choice is often used in advertising and marketing to make people feel like they are in control of their purchase decisions. The same techniques may be applied in voting to make voters feel more confident in their choice of who to vote for.
In reality, the illusion of choice is a false sense of control that can lead to making decisions based on incomplete information. A famous example of this is the documentary The Great Hack. The film explores how the data company Cambridge Analytic a used the illusion of choice to control people’s opinions. In the film, it is revealed that Cambridge Analytica used data from the Internet to create targeted ads for users based on their profiles. The ads were designed to appeal to people’s fears and biases in order to affect their opinions on candidates.
The illusion of choice can be a powerful tool to control people. It is essential to be aware of your own biases and tendencies when making decisions. Take time to consider all of your options before making a decision. Be aware of the potential risks and costs associated with your choices. Seek out multiple opinions before making a final decision.
5. What can be learnt about the illusion of choice
A. It improves decision-making. B. It helps people to control life.
C. It affects consumers’ behavior. D. It was introduced long ago.
6. How does the author demonstrate his viewpoint
A. By citing experts’ words. B. By giving examples.
C. By referring to a scientific paper. D. By conducting a study.
7. What is a key factor in avoiding the illusion of choice when making decisions
A. Sharing multiple opinions. B. Making quick decisions.
C. Being aware of biases. D. Ignoring potential risks and costs.
8. What would be a suitable title for the text
A. The Origins of the Illusion of Choice B. Psychological Process of Decision-Making
C. How the Illusion of Choice Is Employed D. The Illusion of Choice: A False Sense of Control
【答案】5. C 6. B 7. C 8. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“选择的错觉”这一概念，指出它是一种虚假的控制感，会导致次优的决策。
5. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The illusion of choice is often used in advertising and marketing to make people feel like they are in control of their purchase decisions.(选择的错觉经常被用在广告和市场营销中，让人们觉得他们可以控制自己的购买决定)”可知，选择的错觉会影响消费者的行为。故选C。
6. 推理判断题。根据第四段“A famous example of this is the documentary The Great Hack. The film explores how the data company Cambridge Analytic a used the illusion of choice to control people’s opinions. In the film, it is revealed that Cambridge Analytica used data from the Internet to create targeted ads for users based on their profiles. The ads were designed to appeal to people’s fears and biases in order to affect their opinions on candidates.(一个著名的例子是纪录片《伟大的黑客》。这部电影探讨了数据公司剑桥分析如何利用选择的错觉来控制人们的观点。在这部电影中，剑桥分析公司利用互联网上的数据，根据用户的个人资料为他们制作有针对性的广告。这些广告旨在利用人们的恐惧和偏见，从而影响他们对候选人的看法)”可推知，作者通过举例子来支撑自己的观点。故选B。
7. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“It is essential to be aware of your own biases and tendencies when making decisions.(在做决定时，意识到自己的偏见和倾向是很重要的)”可知，在做决定时，意识到自己的偏好至关重要。故选C。
8. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The illusion of choice is a cognitive bias that causes people to believe they have more control over their lives than they actually do. In fact, it is a false sense of control that can lead to suboptimal decision-making.(选择错觉是一种认知偏差，它使人们相信他们对自己的生活拥有比实际更多的控制权。事实上，这是一种错误的控制感，可能导致次优决策)”结合文章介绍了“选择的错觉”这一概念，指出它是一种虚假的控制感，会导致次优的决策。可知，D选项“选择的错觉：一种错误的控制感”最符合文章标题。故选D。
（2022上·河南·高三校联考专题练习）Thanks to my K-drama obsession (痴迷), I’ve started learning Korean, I have a new favorite actor Lee Dong Wook, and I’ve become increasingly curious about Korean folktales. I was familiar with the Rabbit in the Moon and the Gumiho, but the Snail Bride and the Imugi were new to me. I also did not know about “The Tale of Shim Cheong”, where the beautiful daughter of a blind man throws herself into the sea and is taken to the underwater palace of the Dragon King. Axie Oh’s deliciously lovely novel The Girl Who Fell Beneath the Sea is based on this tale, so I was very excited to learn more.
In this retelling, the perfect Shim Cheong is intended to be the Sea God’s hundredth bride. She will be his final bride, the locals say, bringing peace to both the angry god and the village that has been stuck by violent storms for a century. But as Oh’s story opens, a young man named Joon has lost his heart to Cheong and is about to risk everything to stop the sacrifice. To save the life of her brother, Joon’s 16-year-old sister Mina jumps into the sea at the last minute and gives herself to the Sea God instead.
Throughout the story are woven the timeless topics of faith, hope, responsibility, and loyalty to one’s family. And of course one of my favorite themes in all of literature: fate (命运) versus free will. What is it that determines our fate If our path is truly one of our own makings, do we trust ourselves enough to make the “right” choices What if we find our goals changing as we go along
And if you, like me, have fallen hard in love with the legends woven into fantastic dramas like Hotel Del Luna and Tale of the Nine-Tailed, you’ll want to get your hands on The Girl Who Fell Beneath the Sea immediately and keep it in a special place on your bookshelf, for the express purpose of enjoying Axie Oh’s magical tale again and again!
9. What can we learn about Axie Oh from the text
A. She’s an actress. B. She’s a good diver.
C. She’s a great novelist. D. She’s a language expert.
10. Why did Mina throw herself into the sea
A. To search for more sea animals.
B. To bring peace to her village.
C. To accompany her friends Cheong.
D. To rescue her beloved brother Joon.
11. How does the author mainly develop paragraph 3
A. By giving examples. B. By asking questions.
C. By making comparisons. D. By listing figures.
12. What does the author suggest readers do in the last paragraph
A. Write more fantastic dramas.
B. Learn more traditional dramas.
C. Watch The Girl Who Fell Beneath the Sea on TV.
D. Read the book The Girl Who Fell Beneath the Sea.
【答案】9. C 10. D 11. B 12. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Axie Oh的小说《坠入大海的女孩》。
9. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Axie Oh’s deliciously lovely novel The Girl Who Fell Beneath the Sea is based on this tale, so I was very excited to learn more.(Axie Oh的可爱小说《坠入大海的女孩》就是以这个故事为基础的，所以我非常兴奋地想知道更多)”可知，Axie Oh 是一名作家，故选C项。
10. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To save the life of her brother, Joon’s 16-year-old sister Mina jumps into the sea at the last minute and gives herself to the Sea God instead. (为了救哥哥的命，Joon16岁的妹妹Mina在最后一刻跳海，把自己献给了海神)”可知，Mina跳进大海的目的是为了救哥哥的命，故选D项。
11. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“What is it that determines our fate If our path is truly one of our own making, do we trust ourselves enough to make the “right” choices What if we find our goals changing as we go along (到底是什么决定了我们的命运？如果我们的道路真的是我们自己创造的，我们足够相信自己做出“正确”的选择吗？如果我们在前进的过程中，发现自己的目标在不断变化，那该怎么办？)”可推知，第三段主要使用了反问的方式，故选B项。
12. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“you’ll want to get your hands on The Girl Who Fell Beneath the Sea immediately and keep it in a special place on your bookshelf. (你会想立刻翻开《坠入海底的女孩》这本书，并把它放在书架上一个特别的地方)”可知，作者建议读者看《坠入海底的女孩》这本书，故选D项。
（2021·湖南长沙·宁乡一中校考一模）It is no secret that play-based learning improves the cognitive, physical, social, and emotional well-being of children. Researchers now believe that certain board games, like Chutes and Ladders and Monopoly, can also help enhance their math skills.
The team at Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile in Santiago, Chile, came to this conclusion after analyzing the results of 19 studies. They were conducted between 2000 and2023. All but one of the studies focused on the relationship between math skills and board games.
In these studies, kids aged 3-9 played board games under the supervision (监督) of teachers or trained adults. The 20-minute sessions were held twice a week for about six weeks. In some cases, one set of kids (the intervention group) played number-centric board games, while the other (the control group) played board games that did not require math skills. in other studies. both the intervention and control groups played number-based games. They were, however, given different games, like Monopoly and Dominoes.
The participants’ math skills were assessed before and after each study. The researchers looked for improvement in four key categories. They included the ability to name numbers and demonstrate simple number knowledge-such as “nine is greater than three.” Changes in the kids’ abilities to add and subtract and their interest in math were also noted.
The results of the study were published in the journal Early Years on July 6, 2023. It revealed that playing board games helps improve the children’s math skills in over half of the four areas. Additionally, nearly a third of the children in the intervention groups scored higher on math tests than those in the control groups.
The researchers hope their findings will inspire the creation of new board games specially designed for classroom learning. Meanwhile, boost your math skills by organizing a game a night or two with family and friends this summer—it all adds up!
13. What’s the researchers’ attitude towards the relationship between play-based learning and children’s well-being
A. Negative. B. Indifferent C. Doubtful. D. Positive.
14. How were the participants’ math skills assessed
A. By giving examples. B. By asking questions.
C. By making comparisons. D. By providing definitions.
15. What do the researchers hope their findings will inspire
A. The improvement of social and emotional well-being in children.
B. The creation of new board games for classroom learning
C. The introduction of play-based learning in schools.
D. The use of board games for physical development
16. What is the main focus of the text
A. The benefits of play-based leaning to children.
B. The solution to improving children’s math skills.
C. The results of a study on board games and math skills
D. The need for new board games for classroom learning.
【答案】13. D 14. C 15. B 16. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究人员认为以游戏为基础的学习可以提高数学技能，文章解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的发现。
13. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Researchers now believe that certain board games, like Chutes and Ladders and Monopoly, can also help enhance their math skills.(研究人员现在认为，某些棋盘游戏，如滑梯和大富翁，也可以帮助提高他们的数学技能)”可推知，研究人员对以游戏为基础的学习与儿童幸福感之间的关系持积极态度。故选D。
14. 细节理解题。根据第四段“The participants’ math skills were assessed before and after each study. The researchers looked for improvement in four key categories. They included the ability to name numbers and demonstrate simple number knowledge-such as “nine is greater than three.”(参与者的数学能力在每次研究前后都被评估。研究人员在四个关键类别中寻找改善。其中包括命名数字和展示简单数字知识的能力，比如“9大于3”)”可知，参与者的数学能力是通过比较评估的。故选C。
15. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The researchers hope their findings will inspire the creation of new board games specially designed for classroom learning. (研究人员希望他们的发现能激发出专门为课堂学习设计的新型棋盘游戏)”可知，研究人员希望他们的发现能启发为课堂学习创造新的棋盘游戏。故选B。
16. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“It is no secret that play-based learning improves the cognitive, physical, social, and emotional well-being of children. Researchers now believe that certain board games, like Chutes and Ladders and Monopoly, can also help enhance their math skills. (众所周知，以游戏为基础的学习可以提高儿童的认知、身体、社交和情感健康。研究人员现在认为，某些棋盘游戏，如滑梯和大富翁，也可以帮助提高他们的数学技能)”结合文章主要说明了研究人员认为以游戏为基础的学习可以提高数学技能，文章解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的发现。可知，文章的主旨是以游戏为基础的学习对儿童的好处。故选C。
（2024上·山西·高三统考期末）Greta Thunberg may be the voice of a generation alarmed about climate change but she is also the voice of a generation failing to do much about it. A new study shows that young people, are taking less action to lower their carbon footprint than older Britons and are much worse at taking simple steps to help the environment, such as recycling.
The YouGov survey of 1,008 Britons found that more than 80 per cent of 18-to 24-year-old say they are worried about global warming compared with nearly 70 per cent of the over -65s. A higher proportion (比例) of young people also believe that urgent action is required to deal, with climate change. However, nearly 90 per cent of the over-65s say they recycle as much as possible compared with only half of young people. The over-65s are also more likely to have reduced the number of flights they take, to take steps to save water and to repair items. They are also more likely to turn the heating down and switch off lights in rooms they are not using.
Overall, the study found that 74 per cent of Britons are concerned about climate change and 70 per cent believe urgent action is required. However, the data suggests that the economic climate is affecting people’s willingness to act. Over half of the people questioned said that dealing with, the cost of living is a greater priority than making changes to lower their environmental impact.
Claudine Blamey, group sustainability director at Aviva, said, “The majority of UK residents believe urgent action is required to tackle environmental change. It’s heartening to see that older generations are leading the way through their climate-conscious behaviors and younger people are committing to doing more.” “It is vital that people realize making a difference is within their gift, helping their families, communities and country to get ready,” he added.
17. How did researchers of the YouGov survey support their findings
A. By giving examples. B. By stating arguments.
C. By quoting statistical data. D. By presenting theoretical basis.
18. What can be known from paragraph 3
A. Measures have been taken to get around climate change.
B. Many people in Britain are struggling with their living cost.
C. Most people are unwilling to act to protect the environment.
D. Changes made to lower environmental impact are most effective.
19. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “heartening” in the last paragraph
A. Amusing. B. Confusing. C. Disturbing D. Inspiring
20. What is the best title for the text
A. Britons Lead the Way in Protecting the Environment
B. Action Speaks Louder Regarding Climate Change
C. It Is an Urgent Need to Reduce Carbon Footprint
D. Young People Fail to Act on Carbon Concerns
【答案】17. C 18. B 19. D 20. D
【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了年轻人对气候变化问题表示担忧，但在采取行动方面不如年长的英国人。
17. 推理判断题。根据第二段“The YouGov survey of 1,008 Britons found that more than 80 per cent of 18-to 24-year-old say they are worried about global warming compared with nearly 70 per cent of the over -65s. A higher proportion (比例) of young people also believe that urgent action is required to deal, with climate change. However, nearly 90 per cent of the over-65s say they recycle as much as possible compared with only half of young people. The over-65s are also more likely to have reduced the number of flights they take, to take steps to save water and to repair items.( YouGov对1008名英国人的调查发现，在18岁至24岁的人群中，超过80%的人表示他们担心全球变暖，而在65岁以上的人群中，这一比例接近70%。更高比例的年轻人还认为，需要采取紧急行动应对气候变化。然而，在65岁以上的人群中，近90%的人表示他们会尽可能地回收垃圾，而年轻人中只有一半这么做。65岁以上的人也更有可能减少乘坐航班的次数，采取措施节约用水和修理物品)”以及第三段“Overall, the study found that 74 per cent of Britons are concerned about climate change and 70per cent believe urgent action is required.(总体而言，研究发现74%的英国人担心气候变化，70%的人认为需要采取紧急行动)”可推知，YouGov调查的研究人员通过引用统计数据来支持他们的发现。故选C。
18. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Over half of the people questioned said that dealing with, the cost of living is a greater priority than making changes to lower their environmental impact.(超过一半的受访者表示，处理生活成本比做出改变以降低对环境的影响更重要)”可推知，许多英国人都在为他们的生活成本发愁。故选B。
19. 词义猜测题。根据划线词后文“to see that older generations are leading the way through their climate-conscious behaviors and younger people are committing to doing more”可知，看到老一辈人通过他们的气候意识行为引领潮流，年轻人致力于做更多的事情，这是令人鼓舞的。故划线词意思是“令人鼓舞的”。故选D。
20. 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“A new study shows that young people, are taking less action to lower their carbon footprint than older Britons and are much worse at taking simple steps to help the environment, such as recycling.(一项新的研究表明，与英国老年人相比，年轻人在降低碳足迹方面采取的行动更少，而且在采取回收利用等简单措施保护环境方面做得更差)”可知，文章主要介绍了年轻人对气候变化问题表示担忧，但在采取行动方面不如年长的英国人。由此可知，D选项“年轻人没有对碳问题采取行动”最符合文章标题。故选D。
（2024上·辽宁·高三朝阳市第一高级中学校联考期末）A new international organization, ReShark, including partners from 15 countries and 44 aquariums, is challenging the shark statistics. According to National Geographic, ReShark’s goal is to release 500 endangered zebra sharks in Indonesian waters to increase a wild population that is on the edge of extinction. This is the first-ever attempt to reintroduce captive sharks into the wild.
Marine reintroductions present significant challenges due to the complexity and shortage of ocean life, as well as the difficulty in managing threats, according to National Geographic. Team ReShark understands that the reintroduction may go up in smoke. Unlike land animals that have been successfully reintroduced in the past, such as giant pandas in China, young sharks are more likely to suffer from diseases and be killed by other animals, and they struggle to find food on their own.
Sharks have a remarkable history as one of the oldest vertebrate species, surviving five mass extinctions over a period of 420 million years. They play an important role in marine ecosystems by influencing the ocean’s food chains. However, they are now facing the second-highest rate of disappearance. Research shows that more than 37 percent of the shark species are at risk of extinction due to overfishing, both legal and illegal. Sharks are hunted for their meat. Nearly 100 million sharks are killed by human hands each year, according to the organization Sentient Media.
Despite the alarming decline in shark populations globally, top shark scientists are hopeful that ReShark’s efforts will succeed. Given these challenges, Simon Fraser University ecologist Dulvy initially had some doubts about ReShark’s plans. However, after asking some questions, he was surprised by what the initiative could produce. “This initiative is different,” Dulvy explained. Similarly, Rima Jabado, Dulvy’s successor, recognized ReShark as a unique project that could provide a lifeline for endangered shark species. “It may provide an opportunity for species not to go extinct,” she said.
21. What’s the ReShark’s intention of releasing sharks
A. To conduct shark data collection.
B. To study the living habits of sharks.
C. To save the endangered shark species.
D. To test new ways of keeping sharks.
22. What does the underlined part “go up in smoke” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Disappear. B. Fail. C. Work. D. Influence.
23. How does the Paragraph 3 develop
A. By giving examples. B. By giving descriptions.
C. By making comparison. D. By making classifications.
24. What does Rima Jabado think of ReShark’s project
A. Special and promising. B. Hopeful and effortless.
C. Risky and costly. D. Doubtful and immature.
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B 24. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了致力于拯救野生鲨鱼的ReShark项目及鲨鱼现状。
21. 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“According to National Geographic, ReShark’s goal is to release 500 endangered zebra sharks in Indonesian waters to increase a wild population that is on the edge of extinction.”（据《国家地理》报道，ReShark的目标是在印度尼西亚水域释放500条濒临灭绝的斑马鲨，以增加濒临灭绝的野生种群。）可知，ReShark的目的是为了拯救濒临灭绝的鲨鱼种群。故选C项。
22. 词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“Marine reintroductions present significant challenges due to the complexity and shortage of ocean life, as well as the difficulty in managing threats, according to National Geographic.”（据《国家地理》报道，由于海洋生物的复杂性和短缺，以及管理威胁的难度，海洋生物重新引入面临重大挑战。）及第三句“Unlike land animals that have been successfully reintroduced in the past, such as giant pandas in China, young sharks are more likely to suffer from diseases and be killed by other animals, and they struggle to find food on their own.”（与过去成功重新引入的陆地动物，如中国的大熊猫不同，年轻的鲨鱼更容易患上疾病，更容易被其他动物杀死，而且它们很难自己寻找食物。）可知，重新将鲨鱼引入海洋面临环境和鲨鱼自身等各方面的挑战，很难成功，故推知go up in smoke意为“失败，不成功”。故选B项。
23. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Sharks have a remarkable history as one of the oldest vertebrate species, surviving five mass extinctions over a period of 420 million years. They play an important role in marine ecosystems by influencing the ocean’s food chains. However, they are now facing the second-highest rate of disappearance. Research shows that more than 37 percent of the shark species are at risk of extinction due to overfishing, both legal and illegal. Sharks are hunted for their meat. Nearly 100 million sharks are killed by human hands each year, according to the organization Sentient Media.”（作为最古老的脊椎动物物种之一，鲨鱼有着非凡的历史，在4.2亿年的时间里经历了五次大灭绝。它们通过影响海洋食物链，在海洋生态系统中发挥着重要作用。然而，它们现在面临着第二高的消失率。研究表明，超过37%的鲨鱼物种由于合法和非法的过度捕捞而面临灭绝的危险。人们捕杀鲨鱼以获取它们的肉。据Sentient Media组织称，每年有近1亿条鲨鱼被人类杀死。）可知，本段主要描述了鲨鱼从古至今经历的灭绝及由于人类大肆猎杀导致的现状。故选B项。
24. 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“Similarly, Rima Jabado, Dulvy’s successor, recognized ReShark as a unique project that could provide a lifeline for endangered shark species. “It may provide an opportunity for species not to go extinct,” she said.”（同样，Dulvy的继任者Rima Jabado认为ReShark是一个独特的项目，可以为濒危鲨鱼物种提供生命线。她说:“这可能为物种提供一个不灭绝的机会。”）可知，Rima Jabado认为该项目十分特别，又充满前景。故选A项。
（2023上·重庆·高三重庆市第十一中学校校考阶段练习）Professionals use the word “amateur” as a disapproving term for those who lack formal training and qualifications. I think such prejudice is a mistake. One day that amateur might just create a new industry.
Typical amateurs are free to invent as they please, try new ideas, fail, and get up and do it all again—but better. As Marshall McLuhan, the media theorist, said: “Amateurs can afford to lose.” They are self-improvers, chasing a dream rather than a laborious, life-long career within a group. Amateurs can do it part-time, for charity or for fun.
Thanks to the Internet, we can all be competent amateurs at almost everything. Now everyone can DIY and experiment—from blogging to film-making to online advice shops. The mysteries, terms and exclusiveness of the self-satisfied old crafts are revealed online for all to see. Besides, the world is vastly more complex now, but that means even the most respected professional needs expert help. The end of the age of authority means we no longer hold elites (精英) such as judges and bankers in such awe. For centuries the club-like professional bodies have taken society in their control, a form of freemasonry (互助协会) for the well-educated and connected.
Charles Leadbeater has written persuasively about the importance of serious amateurs, or “professional amateurs”, who have helped introduce innovations to the mainstream. These passionate amateurs cooperate to give disruptive ideas (颠覆性的观点) possibility. Their constructive ideas contribute to the improvement of mountain bikes. Social enterprises are dominated by enthusiastic amateurs whose priority is to improve the world rather than bill clients. Among the greatest cooperative achievements of the Internet Age have been Wikipedia and Linux. It is surprising there haven’t been more crowded-sourced successes. Perhaps business projects have been too chaotic and lacked the leadership necessary for any complicated project to come to fruition.
Nevertheless, I show my admirations for the armies of gifted amateurs. I don’t deny the importance of education, but I place greater emphasis on results and originality, which are the highlights of amateurism.
25. The advantages of amateurs are listed below except ______.
A. they enjoy more freedom in creation. B. they can afford the cost of failure.
C. they are the fruit of the Internet Age. D. they have a wide range of choices.
26. What can be seen in Paragraph 3
A. The influence of professionals are being challenged.
B. Public opinion is influenced by the small group of elites.
C. Only the competent amateurs can make crafts revealed.
D. Human society has been governed by well-educated groups.
27. How does the author present his point in Paragraph 4
A. By listing figures. B. By making comparisons.
C. By explaining causes. D. By giving examples.
28. What’s the best title for the text
A. The Evolution of Amateurism B. A New Industrial Revolution
C. A Salute to the Amateur D. The End of Authority Age
【答案】25. C 26. A 27. D 28. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了业余爱好者可能会创造一个新的行业，解释了这一群体的优势并对优秀的业余爱好者进行了举例。
25. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Typical amateurs are free to invent as they please, try new ideas, fail, and get up and do it all again—but better. As Marshall McLuhan, the media theorist, said: “Amateurs can afford to lose.” They are self-improvers, chasing a dream rather than a laborious, life-long career within a group. Amateurs can do it part-time, for charity or for fun.(典型的业余爱好者可以随心所欲地发明，尝试新想法，失败，然后站起来重新开始——而且做得更好。正如媒体理论家马歇尔 麦克卢汉所言：“业余爱好者输得起。”他们是自我提升者，追逐梦想，而不是在一个群体中从事艰苦的终身职业。业余爱好者可以做兼职，慈善或娱乐。)”以及第三段“Now everyone can DIY and experiment—from blogging to film-making to online advice shops.(现在每个人都可以自己动手做实验——从写博客到电影制作再到网上咨询商店)”可知，是互联网时代的产物不是业余爱好者的优点。故选C。
26. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Besides, the world is vastly more complex now, but that means even the most respected professional needs expert help.The end of the age of authority means we no longer hold elites (精英) such as judges and bankers in such awe.(此外，现在的世界要复杂得多，但这意味着即使是最受尊敬的专业人士也需要专家的帮助。权威时代的终结意味着，我们不再对法官和银行家等精英抱有如此敬畏的态度)”可知，专业人士的影响力正在受到挑战。故选A。
27. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Social enterprises are dominated by enthusiastic amateurs whose priority is to improve the world rather than bill clients. Among the greatest cooperative achievements of the Internet Age have been Wikipedia and Linux. It is surprising there haven’t been more crowded-sourced successes. Perhaps business projects have been too chaotic and lacked the leadership necessary for any complicated project to come to fruition.(社会企业由热心的业余人士主导，他们的首要任务是改善世界，而不是为客户买单。互联网时代最伟大的合作成就是维基百科和Linux。令人惊讶的是，没有更多的众包成功。也许商业项目过于混乱，缺乏任何复杂项目取得成果所必需的领导)”可推知，作者在第4段通过举例表达他的观点。故选D。
28. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Nevertheless, I show my admirations for the armies of gifted amateurs. I don’t deny the importance of education, but I place greater emphasis on results and originality, which are the highlights of amateurism.(尽管如此，我还是对这群天才的业余爱好者表示钦佩。我不否认教育的重要性，但我更强调结果和独创性，这是业余的亮点)”结合文章主要说明了业余爱好者可能会创造一个新的行业，解释了这一群体的优势并对优秀的业余爱好者进行了举例。可知，C选项“向业余爱好者致敬”最符合文章标题。故选C。
（2023上·重庆·高三重庆市第十一中学校校考期中）We often share images or thoughts on social networks. Now, researchers at the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) have developed an algorithm (算法) that can analyse the content people post online.
According to William Glasser’s Choice Theory, there are five basic needs: Survival, Power, Freedom, Belonging and Fun. “These needs even have an influence on the images we choose to upload to our Instagram page,” explained Mohammad Mahdi Dehshibi, a researcher at the UOC.
The research team has spent two years working on a deep-learning model that identifies the five needs described by Glasser. For the study, which has been published in the journal IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, the researchers analyzed 86 Instagram profiles, in both Spanish and Persian (波斯语), and developed an algorithm to identify the content of the images and categorize textual content by assigning different labels.
Glasser’s theory argues that each choice users make on social media does not respond to just one basic need — the multi-label approach of this study helps to clear it up. Dehshibi uses an example to explain this: “Imagine that a cyclist is riding up a mountain, and at the top, he can choose between sharing a selfie (自拍照) and a group photo. If he chooses the selfie, we perceive a need for Power, but if he chooses the other option, we can conclude that the person is not only looking for Fun but also a way to satisfy his need for Belonging.”
“Studying data from social networks that belong to non-English-speaking users could help build inclusive and diverse tools and models for addressing mental health problems in people with diverse cultural backgrounds,” Dehshibi adds.
The research team believe that their study can help improve preventive measures, ranging from identification to improved treatment when a person has been diagnosed (诊断) with a mental health disorder.
Back in 2019, University of Vermont researchers developed an artificial-intelligence-based system that can detect signs of anxiety in the speech patterns of young children. Meanwhile, computer scientists from the University of Alberta, Canada, have developed algorithms that can detect and identify depression through people’s voices.
29. What can the algorithm be used to do
A. Introducing William Glasser’s Choice Theory.
B. Creating different databases for the research team.
C. Identifying users’ basic needs from the content they share online.
D. Giving people a tool to post images or thoughts on social networks.
30. How does Dehshibi present his idea in Paragraph 4
A. By providing data. B. By making comparisons.
C. By quoting sayings. D. By giving examples.
31. What does the research team think of their study
A. It can suggest ways to improve social networks.
B. It is useful in handling mental health problems.
C. It is helpful in changing online users’ bad habits.
D. It can link people with diverse cultural backgrounds together.
32. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph
A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the readers.
C. Add some background information. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.
【答案】29. C 30. D 31. B 32. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述加泰罗尼亚Oberta大学研究人员开发了一种算法，可以从用户在社交网络上分享的文本和图像中发现其可能存在的心理健康问题。
29. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Now, researchers at the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) have developed an algorithm (算法) that can analyse the content people post online.(现在，加泰罗尼亚Oberta大学（UOC）的研究人员开发了一种算法，可以分析人们在网上发布的内容)”和第三段中“The research team has spent two years working on a deep-learning model that identifies the five needs described by Glasser.(研究团队花了两年时间研究一个深度学习模型，该模型可以识别Glasser描述的五种需求)”可知，该算法被用来从用户在线分享的内容中识别用户的基本需求。故选C。
30. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Glasser’s theory argues that each choice users make on social media does not respond to just one basic need — the multi-label approach of this study helps to clear it up. Dehshibi uses an example to explain this(Glasser的理论认为，用户在社交媒体上做出的每一个选择都不仅仅是对一种基本需求的回应——这项研究的多标签方法有助于理清这个问题。Dehshibi用了一个例子来解释这一点)”可推知，Glasser是通过举例来说明他的观点。故选D。
31. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The research team believe that their study can help improve preventive measures, ranging from identification to improved treatment when a person has been diagnosed (诊断) with a mental health disorder.(研究小组认为，他们的研究可以帮助改善预防措施，从识别到改善治疗，当一个人被诊断患有精神健康障碍时)”可推知，研究团队认为他们的研究对处理心理健康问题很有用。故选B。
32. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Back in 2019, University of Vermont researchers developed an artificial-intelligence-based system that can detect signs of anxiety in the speech patterns of young children. Meanwhile, computer scientists from the University of Alberta, Canada, have developed algorithms that can detect and identify depression through people’s voices.(早在2019年，佛蒙特大学的研究人员就开发了一种基于人工智能的系统，可以从幼儿的语言模式中检测出焦虑的迹象。与此同时，加拿大阿尔伯塔大学的计算机科学家开发了一种算法，可以通过人们的声音来检测和识别抑郁症)”可知，该段提到两个例子与研究人员开发的算法类似。由此可知，最后一段作者是用来补充说明背景信息的。故选C。
（2024·广东·华南师大附中校考模拟预测）Two and a half millennia ago, Socrates complained that writing would harm students. With a way to store ideas permanently and externally, they would no longer need to memorize. However, studies today have found that writing on paper can improve everything from recalling a random series of words to better understanding complex concepts.
For learning material by repetition, the benefits of using a pen or pencil lie in how the motor and sensory memory of putting words on paper reinforces that material. The scribbling (涂鸦) on a page feeds into visual memory: people might remember a word they wrote down in French class as being at the bottom-left on a page.
One of the best-demonstrated advantages of writing by hand seems to be in note-taking. Students typing on computers wrote down almost twice as many words directly from lectures, suggesting they were not understanding so much as rapidly copying the material. However, handwriting forces note-takers to process and organize ideas into their own words. This aids conceptual understanding at the moment of writing, resulting in better performance on tests.
Many studies have confirmed handwriting’s benefits, and policymakers have taken note. Though America’s curriculum from 2010 does not require handwriting instruction past first grade (roughly age six), about half the states since then have required more teaching of it. In Sweden there is a push for more handwriting and printed books and fewer devices. England’s national curriculum already includes the teaching of basic cursive writing (连写体) skills by age seven.
However, several school systems in America have gone so far as to ban most laptops. This is too extreme. Some students have disabilities that make handwriting especially hard. Nearly all will eventually need typing skills. Virginia Berninger, professor of psychology at the University of Washington, is a longtime advocate of handwriting. But she is not a purist; she says there are research tested benefits for “manuscript” print-style writing but also for typing.
Socrates may or may not have had a point about the downsides of writing. But no one would remember, much less care, if his student Plato had not noted it down for the benefit of future generations.
33. According to the text, why does writing on paper have benefits for learning
A. It provides visual enjoyment in class.
B. It improves the effect of memorization.
C. It promotes the motor and sensory ability.
D. It helps to remember the information forever.
34. How does the author show the emphasis on handwriting instruction at school
A. By giving examples. B. By providing statistics.
C. By making comparisons. D. By making classification.
35. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A. Difficulties faced by the disabled.
B. Unreasonableness of forbidding typing.
C. The research-tested benefits of typing.
D. The longtime advocacy for handwriting.
36. Why does the writer mention Socrates and Plato in the last paragraph
A. To thank Plato for his efforts.
B. To defend Socrates’ point of view.
C. To show people’s indifference to typing.
D. To confirm the importance of handwriting.
【答案】33. B 34. A 35. B 36. D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了使用钢笔或铅笔的好处，以及美国、瑞典等国家对手写的重视。
33. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“ However, studies today have found that writing on paper can improve everything from recalling a random series of words to better understanding complex concepts. (然而，今天的研究发现，写在纸上可以提高一切，从回忆一系列随机的单词到更好地理解复杂的概念。)”可知，在纸上写可以提高记忆的效果。故选B。
34. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Many studies have confirmed handwriting’s benefits, and policymakers have taken note. Though America’s curriculum from 2010 does not require handwriting instruction past first grade (roughly age six), about half the states since then have required more teaching of it. In Sweden there is a push for more handwriting and printed books and fewer devices. England’s national curriculum already includes the teaching of basic cursive writing (连写体) skills by age seven. （许多研究证实了手写的好处，政策制定者也注意到了这一点。尽管从2010年开始，美国的课程不再要求一年级以上(大约六岁)的学生进行书写教学，但自那以后，大约有一半的州要求增加书写教学。在瑞典，人们正在推动更多的手写和印刷书籍以及更少的电子设备。英国的国家课程已经包括在7岁之前教授基本的草书写作技能。)”可知，作者通举例子说明学校对书写教学的重视。故选A。
35. 主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“However, several school systems in America have gone so far as to ban most laptops. This is too extreme. Some students have disabilities that make handwriting especially hard. Nearly all will eventually need typing skills. (然而，美国的一些学校甚至禁止使用笔记本电脑。这太极端了。一些学生有残疾，使得书写特别困难。几乎所有人最终都需要打字技能。)”可知，本段讲述的是“禁止打字是不合理的”。故选B。
36. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Socrates may or may not have had a point about the downsides of writing. But no one would remember, much less care, if his student Plato had not noted it down for the benefit of future generations. (苏格拉底可能说到了写作的缺点，也可能没说到。但是，如果他的学生柏拉图没有为了后代的利益而把它记录下来，没有人会记得，更不用说关心了。)”可知，作者提及苏格拉底式为了进一步说明书写的重要性。故选D。
（2021·河南·模拟预测）Think of the last time you disagreed with another person. Maybe you argued with a sibling (兄弟，姊妹) over what to watch on TV. Or perhaps you tried to convince grown-ups that ice cream makes a better dinner than vegetables. How did your disagreement end Were you able to see the issue from the other person’s viewpoint
In many situations, disagreements are unavoidable. They’re part of life. After all, everyone has different opinions. We all have past experiences that shape how we see the world. Still, not all disagreements are bad. In fact, many people look at them as opportunities to learn. They do so by trying to understand where both sides are coming from.
How can you understand both sides of an issue Often, it’s best to start by asking questions. Questions help us learn about the world around us. The right questions can also help us learn about other people. In a disagreement, asking for more information can help you learn about a person’s viewpoint. It can also lead you to gather more facts. This can paint a better picture of the entire issue.
When seeking to understand both sides of an issue, it’s important to know the difference between facts and opinions. Remember, facts are based on true information. Opinions can change from person to person. Paying attention to facts can stop biases (偏见) from taking over in a disagreement. This can help everyone involved see both sides of the issue.
Maybe you’re wondering why it’s important to understand both sides of an issue, anyway. After all, don’t most people just want to prove that their side is right Often, that’s true. However, understanding the whole issue can lead to both sides working together.
Disagreements may be uncomfortable at first. However, when both sides truly try to understand each other, they often find they have more in common than they thought. The next time you disagree with other people, try asking them questions about their viewpoints. You never know what you might learn.
37. What does the underlined word “so” refer to in Paragraph 2
A. Ignoring chances to learn.
B. Knowing more about themselves.
C. Shaping a right way to see the world.
D. Making the disagreements a chance to learn.
38. According to the passage, how can we solve a disagreement
A. By changing the other’s opinion.
B. By making both sides comfortable.
C. By trying to stand in the other’s shoes.
D. By telling facts and opinions apart.
39. How does the author support his view
A. By reasoning. B. By making comparison.
C. By debating. D. By giving examples.
40. What’s the author’s attitude to people’s arguments
A. Indifferent. B. Pessimistic. C. Positive. D. Skeptical.
【答案】37. D 38. C 39. A 40. C
【导语】本文是议论文。在日常生活中人们难免和别人意见不一， 这是很正常的，我们应看到事情的两面性，把分歧当作学习的机会。
37. 词义猜测题。so通常指上文提到的内容；由文章第二段中“Still, not all disagreements are bad. In fact, many people look at them as opportunities to learn. (不过，并非所有分歧都是坏事。事实上，很多人把它们看作是学习的机会。)”可知， 此处so指的“很多人把分歧看作是学习的机会”。A. Ignoring chances to learn忽视学习的机会；B. Knowing more about themselves更多地了解自己；C. Shaping a right way to see the world塑；造正确的世界观D. Making the disagreements a chance to learn让分歧成为学习的机会。故选D。
38. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“How did your disagreement end Were you able to see the issue from the other person’s viewpoint (你们的分歧是如何结束的？你能从别人的角度看问题吗？)”和最后一段中的“when both sides truly try to understand each other, they often find they have more in common than they thought. (当双方真正试图理解对方时，他们往往会发现他们的共同点比他们想象的要多。)”可知，我们可以通过试着站在对方的立场上(思考问题)来解决分歧。故选C。
39. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是本文第一段中“Were you able to see the issue from the other person’s viewpoint (你们的分歧是如何结束的？你能从别人的角度看问题吗？)”引入话题，提出了问题“你能否从对方的角度看待问题”，在第二段中作者提出自己的观点“In many situations, disagreements are unavoidable. (在许多情况下，分歧是不可避免的。)”，接着作者通过推论逐步讲到分歧不可避免，我们可以把分歧看作是学习的机会，看到事情的两面性，故作者通过推理来支持自己的观点。故选A。
40. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“In many situations, disagreements are unavoidable. (在许多情况下，分歧是不可避免的。)”和最后一段中的“However, when both sides truly try to understand each other, they often find they have more in common than they thought. The next time you disagree with other people, try asking them questions about their viewpoints. You never know what you might learn. (分歧一开始可能会让人不舒服。然而，当双方真正试图理解对方时，他们往往会发现他们的共同点比他们想象的要多。下次当你不同意别人的观点时，试着问他们一些关于他们观点的问题。你永远不知道你会学到什么。)”可知，作者认为分歧是学习的机会，因此对分歧持积极的态度。故选C。
（2023上·湖北·高三华中师大一附中校考期中）In 2022, campaign group Fashion Revolution Chelsea dye a garden for its Chelsea Flower Show presentation. An ancient craft, natural dyeing is a practice whose time has come again, with hand tie-dyed fashion also making a comeback in recent years.
The revival has been encouraged by Covid lockdowns, “which allowed people to explore the craft at home, says natural-dyeing enthusiast and teacher Susan Dye. It’s unlikely, though, that the practice would have caught on in quite the same way if not for a continually growing discomfort about fashion’s heavy footprint. From carbon emissions to animal cruelty, fashion is under considerable inspection. “Put it this way, 97% of dyes used in the industry are petrochemically (石油化学产品) based,” says sustainable fashion consultant Jackie Andrews, who helped advise the UN Ethical Fashion Initiative. We’ve got net zero targets which mean we’re going to have to remove all those petrochemicals from the manufacturing cycle.
Fashion is a huge polluter. According to the UN Environment Program, the industry is responsible for up to one-fifth of all industrial water pollution—due to the fact that most clothes today are produced in poorer countries where regulation is weak and enforcement weaker. Waste water is dumped directly into rivers and streams, poisoning the land as well as the water sources of people and animals who rely on them.
It’s easy to see why someone who cares about people, planet and animals, as well as clothes, might turn to natural plant dyeing. From the beauty of the raw materials—often wild plants-to the property of only bonding with natural fiber like cotton and linen (亚麻布) from the minor footprint of recycling old clothing that has grayed or faded over time to the vibrant and long-lasting dyeing results, plant dyeing feels like a quiet act of rebellion. This is why, while beginners start with simply changing their clothes’ color, new worlds open. Many of today’s natural dyers grow their own dye plants, run local community workshops, and advocate for change in industrialized fashion systems and beyond.
41. What is the main reason for the growing discomfort mentioned in paragraph 2
A. The adoption of petrochemical-based dyes
B. The disturbing consequences of the fashion industry.
C. The fashion industry’s focus on luxurious designs.
D. The challenging net zero targets to be achieved.
42. How does the author illustrate Fashion is a huge polluter
A. By making a comparison. B. By listing numbers
C. By giving examples. D. By introducing a new topic
43. What does the underlined phrase a quiet act of rebellion in paragraph 4 refer to
A. A protest against turning to natural fiber.
B. An objection to recycling old clothing
C. A resistance to vibrant colors in natural dyeing
D. A struggle for a sustainable fashion industry
44. What would be the most suitable title for the passage
A. The Environmental Impact of Natural Dyeing
B. The Return of Natural Dyeing with Ethical Appeal
C. Fashion Revolution’s Dye Garden Presentation
D. The Petrochemical Dye Industry and Its Challenges
【答案】41. B 42. C 43. D 44. B
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了天然染色工艺的回归。
41. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It’s unlikely, though, that the practice would have caught on in quite the same way if not for a continually growing discomfort about fashion’s heavy footprint. From carbon emissions to animal cruelty, fashion is under considerable inspection. (然而，如果不是因为人们对时尚的沉重足迹不断感到不安，这种做法不太可能以同样的方式流行起来。从碳排放到虐待动物，时尚都受到了严格的检查。)”可知，时尚业也存在碳排放到虐待动物问题，所以人们感到不适是因为时尚产业令人不安的后果。故选B。
42. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Fashion is a huge polluter. According to the UN Environment Program, the industry is responsible for up to one-fifth of all industrial water pollution—due to the fact that most clothes today are produced in poorer countries where regulation is weak and enforcement weaker. Waste water is dumped directly into rivers and streams, poisoning the land as well as the water sources of people and animals who rely on them. (时尚是一个巨大的污染者。根据联合国环境规划署的数据，服装业造成的水污染占所有工业水污染的五分之一，原因是如今大多数服装都是在监管薄弱、执法不力的较贫穷国家生产的。废水被直接排入河流和小溪，污染了土地，也污染了赖以生存的人和动物的水源。)”可知，这一段用实际例子来说明时尚是一个巨大的污染源。故选C。
43. 词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“It’s easy to see why someone who cares about people, planet and animals, as well as clothes, might turn to natural plant dyeing. From the beauty of the raw materials—often wild plants-to the property of only bonding with natural fiber like cotton and linen (亚麻布) from the minor footprint of recycling old clothing that has grayed or faded over time to the vibrant and long-lasting dyeing results, plant dyeing feels like a quiet act of rebellion. (很容易理解为什么一个关心人类、地球和动物以及衣服的人会转向天然植物染色。从原材料的美丽，到只与天然纤维结合的特性，从回收旧衣服随着时间的推移变灰或褪色的微小足迹，到充满活力和持久的染色效果，植物染色感觉像是一种安静的反叛行为。)”可知，这里描述植物染色和化学染色不一样，所以它是对化学染色的反抗，是对可持续发展的维护，所以画线部分的意思应该是“为可持续发展而做斗争”。故选D。
44. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“In 2022, campaign group Fashion Revolution Chelsea dye a garden for its Chelsea Flower Show presentation. An ancient craft, natural dyeing is a practice whose time has come again, with hand tie-dyed fashion also making a comeback in recent years. (2022年，活动组织“切尔西时尚革命”为其切尔西花展的展示染了一座花园。自然染色是一种古老的工艺，它的时代又来了，近年来，手工扎染时尚也卷土重来。)”可知，本文主要介绍天然染色工艺的回归。B项“自然染色的回归与伦理诉求”符合本文的标题。故选B。
（2023上·重庆梁平·高三统考阶段练习）After a particularly strong storm named Klaus hit southwestern France in 2009, researchers made a curious observation about the damage: nearly all the trees beaten up by winds blowing at speeds of 94 miles per hour, regardless of their species, height or diameter, however, most trees hit by strong winds below that were in good condition. Was this wind-speed threshold(分界线) really the arbiter(仲裁者) of destruction
Physicist Christophe Clanet and his colleagues at France’s cole Polytechnique and ESPCI Paris Tech set to find out by breaking beechwood rods(格木棒) of different lengths and diameters under controlled conditions. To do so, they inserted one end of a given rod into a hole of the same diameter in a block of steel and slowly added force to the other end, causing the rod to bend. Then they measured the critical figures to determine a corresponding wind speed. What they found matched the real-world situation of 2009: the calculated wind speed to break the rods—no matter the size was about 94 mph.
However, several outside experts have concerns about this. For example, Lee Frelich, director of the University of Minnesota Center for Forest Ecology, says that modeling trees as branchless cylinders(无分支气缸) ignores the streamlining (直线型化) of branches in the wind, which in turn changes the relation between force on the trunk and wind speed. In other words, the method did not reflect the complex interactions of real-life biology, weather and physics. Regardless, Clanet and his colleagues do think the results have utility and plan to study whether strong winds can change the breaking point.
45. How did Clanet conduct the study
A. By setting plans and giving examples.
B. By collecting figures and using information.
C. By doing experiment and measuring figures
D. By analyzing data and drawing a conclusion.
46. What’s the attitude of Lee Frelich towards the study
A. Optimistic. B. Indifferent C. Objective. D. Worried.
47. What does the underlined word “utility” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Effect. B. Usefulness. C. Future. D. Significance.
48. Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A. How the wind cuts wood
B. Why the wind destroys wood
C. Wind speed: the changer of winds
D. Whether strong winds can change the breaking point
【答案】45. C 46. D 47. B 48. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家研究强烈的风暴是如何吹倒树木的。
45. 细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“To do so, they inserted one end of a given rod into a hole of the same diameter in a block of steel and slowly add ed force to the other end, causing the rod to bend. Then they measured the critical figures to determine a corresponding wind speed (为了做到这一点，他们将一根给定的杆的一端插入一块钢上相同直径的孔中，并慢慢地向另一端施加力，使杆弯曲。然后，他们测量了临界数字，以确定相应的风速)”可知，Clanet是通过做实验和测量数字进行这项研究的。故选C。
46. 推理判断题。文章第三段讲到“However, several outside experts have concerns about this. For example, Lee Frelich, director of the University of Minnesot a Center for Forest Ecology, says that modeling trees as branchless cylinders(无分支气缸 ) ignores the streamlining (直线型化) of branches in the wind (然而，一些外部专家对此表示担忧。例如，明尼苏达大学森林生态中心主任Lee Frelich说，将树木建模为无枝圆柱体忽略了树枝在风中的流线型)”可知，Lee Frelich很担心这项研究的态度。故选D。
47. 词义猜测题。划线单词上文“In other words, the method did not reflect the complex interactions of real-life biology, weather and physics. (换言之，该方法没有反映现实生活中生物学、天气和物理学的复杂相互作用。)”认为这次实验是无效的，而划线部分所在句子“Regardless, Clanet and his colleagues do think the results have utility and plan to study whether strong winds can change the breaking point. (无论如何，Clanet和他的同事们确实认为这些结果是……，并计划研究强风是否会改变断裂点。)” 是句意转折，可知，第三段中带下划线的单词“utility”是的意思是“有用”。故选B。
48. 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了科学家研究强烈的风暴是如何吹倒树木的。第一段讲到“researchers made a curious observation about the damage: nearly all the trees beaten up by winds blowing at speeds of 94 miles per hour, regardless of their species, height or diameter, (研究人员对这种破坏进行了一个奇怪的观察：几乎所有的树木都被时速94英里的风吹倒了，无论它们的种类、高度或直径如何)”可知，这篇文章最好的标题是：风如何切割木头。故选A。
（2022上·河南·高三校联考期末）Nature can be unforgiving, especially when it comes to the animal world. As such, squirrels need every advantage they can get in order to protect themselves from a variety of predators that may want to make them their next meal. Squirrels pay incredibly close attention to their surroundings, and they pick up alarm calls from other nearby animals in reference to nearby predators. Now, a new study reveals that squirrels also listen to nearby birds’ conversations to make sure there is no threat close by.
Researchers from Oberlin University say that if the talk from birds is relaxing and normal, the squirrel knows it is not in immediate danger. The authors said that squirrels were listening to bird conversations and sounds to assess their safety, so in order to test their theory they observed the behavior of 54 wild Eastern gray squirrels scattered across various parks and areas in Ohio.
First, a threat was shown by playing a record of a red-tailed hawk(鹰), an animal known to hunt and eat both squirrels and other smaller birds. Then, researchers played one of two different recordings; one recording was of many songbirds chattering among one another happily, and the other was with no bird noises. After playing these recordings, each squirrel’s behavior was monitored for three minutes.
As expected, after hearing the initial record, all the squirrels displayed defensive attitudes, such as running away, looking around, or freezing their movements. Interestingly, the squirrels that heard the happy sounds of songbirds returned back to a normal, relaxed state much faster than the other group that heard the quiet sounds.
The study’s authors say that this indicates squirrels use the sounds of nearby animals to ensure their own safety. This allows the squirrel to either get back to what they were doing in a faster manner, or prepare for potential threats more efficiently.
“Perhaps in some circumstances, cues of safety could be as important as cues of danger,” the study reads. The study is published in the scientific journal PLOS ONE.
49. What does the underlined word “predators” mean in the first paragraph
A. Animals that hunt squirrels as food.
B. Animals that make friends with squirrels.
C. Animals that hunt squirrels and birds at night.
D. Animals that steal the food from the squirrels’ nests.
50. What will the squirrels do after hearing the sound of a red-tailed hawk
A. They will stay and freeze.
B. The2024年新高考英语二轮复习零失误规范训练【小题狂练】
专题11阅读理解写作手法题20篇80题(考情+妙招+模拟) 原卷版
技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货
一、近年高考考情
1.（2020年浙江卷C篇）29题
2.（2016年四川卷D篇）35题
二、解题小妙招
高考阅读理解主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一，其共同目的就是增强说服力，服务于段落或篇章的主旨。
1.根据文章题材来判断。
①记叙文多采取以时间为序、以空间为序、以故事情节发展为序等叙事方式进行写作。
②说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比等方式使说明更清晰或更具说服力。
③议论文大多通过举例子、列数字、引名言、作对比是使得观点更可信，更有权威性。
2.根据“原文定位”来判断。
先根据题干判断是具体某段还是全文写作手法，然后寻找标志词，进而找到答案。
①by giving examples 通过举例。标志词:for example, for instance
②by analyzing causes通过分析原因。标志词：as a result/consequence
③by giving definitions通过下定义。标志词：that is to say
④by listing data/statistics通过列数字。标志词：具体数字
⑤by describing a process 通过描述过程。标志词：first, second, third, finally
⑥by following time order 遵循时间顺序。标志词：in 1920，in the 1940s, nowadays
⑦by making comparisons/contrast 通过对比。标志词：but, while,
⑧by making classifications 通过分类。标志词：first, next, then
⑨by analyzing cause and effect 通过分析因果。标志词：That is because….
⑩by following space order 遵循空间顺序。标志词：由近及远，由外到内
三、零失误小妙招
1.做题留痕，依据题干在原文圈划答题区间；
2.划掉错项，去伪存真，快速作答提升效率；
3.错题反思，专用笔记本记录错因举一反三。
模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！
（2024上·山东青岛·高三统考期末）Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents’ praise has put them.
Still, don’t go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.
So what is the right amount of praise Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to put themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.”
Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate (相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it.
1. What can be implied from Jenn Berman’s remarks
A. Parents praise their kids too much.
B. Going to the extremes is common for parents.
C. Parents should understand their kids better.
D. Confidence is significant for kids’ well being.
2. What does the underlined word “backfire” mean
A. Give support. B. Get undesired effect.
C. Put a fire under control. D. Become powerful.
3. As to giving children praise, which aspect will Donahue agree to
A. Praise your children as often as possible.
B. Never expect much of your children.
C. All children deserves a verbal reward.
D. Children’s effort outweighs the result.
4. How does the author develop the last paragraph
A. By answering a question. B. By giving examples.
C. By quoting. D. By making comparison.
（2024上·河南·高三校联考期末）The illusion of choice is a cognitive bias that causes people to believe they have more control over their lives than they actually do. In fact, it is a false sense of control that can lead to suboptimal decision-making.
The concept is relatively new. It was first referred to by American philosopher and psychologist William James. James argues that choices can be forced or avoidable, and that every dilemma based on a complete logical disjunction, with no possibility of not choosing, is an option of this forced kind. In a paper published in 2000, psychologists Sheena Iyengar and Mark Lepper found that people are more likely to purchase products when they are given fewer choices.
The illusion of choice is often used in advertising and marketing to make people feel like they are in control of their purchase decisions. The same techniques may be applied in voting to make voters feel more confident in their choice of who to vote for.
In reality, the illusion of choice is a false sense of control that can lead to making decisions based on incomplete information. A famous example of this is the documentary The Great Hack. The film explores how the data company Cambridge Analytic a used the illusion of choice to control people’s opinions. In the film, it is revealed that Cambridge Analytica used data from the Internet to create targeted ads for users based on their profiles. The ads were designed to appeal to people’s fears and biases in order to affect their opinions on candidates.
The illusion of choice can be a powerful tool to control people. It is essential to be aware of your own biases and tendencies when making decisions. Take time to consider all of your options before making a decision. Be aware of the potential risks and costs associated with your choices. Seek out multiple opinions before making a final decision.
5. What can be learnt about the illusion of choice
A. It improves decision-making. B. It helps people to control life.
C. It affects consumers’ behavior. D. It was introduced long ago.
6. How does the author demonstrate his viewpoint
A. By citing experts’ words. B. By giving examples.
C. By referring to a scientific paper. D. By conducting a study.
7. What is a key factor in avoiding the illusion of choice when making decisions
A. Sharing multiple opinions. B. Making quick decisions.
C. Being aware of biases. D. Ignoring potential risks and costs.
8. What would be a suitable title for the text
A. The Origins of the Illusion of Choice B. Psychological Process of Decision-Making
C. How the Illusion of Choice Is Employed D. The Illusion of Choice: A False Sense of Control
（2022上·河南·高三校联考专题练习）Thanks to my K-drama obsession (痴迷), I’ve started learning Korean, I have a new favorite actor Lee Dong Wook, and I’ve become increasingly curious about Korean folktales. I was familiar with the Rabbit in the Moon and the Gumiho, but the Snail Bride and the Imugi were new to me. I also did not know about “The Tale of Shim Cheong”, where the beautiful daughter of a blind man throws herself into the sea and is taken to the underwater palace of the Dragon King. Axie Oh’s deliciously lovely novel The Girl Who Fell Beneath the Sea is based on this tale, so I was very excited to learn more.
In this retelling, the perfect Shim Cheong is intended to be the Sea God’s hundredth bride. She will be his final bride, the locals say, bringing peace to both the angry god and the village that has been stuck by violent storms for a century. But as Oh’s story opens, a young man named Joon has lost his heart to Cheong and is about to risk everything to stop the sacrifice. To save the life of her brother, Joon’s 16-year-old sister Mina jumps into the sea at the last minute and gives herself to the Sea God instead.
Throughout the story are woven the timeless topics of faith, hope, responsibility, and loyalty to one’s family. And of course one of my favorite themes in all of literature: fate (命运) versus free will. What is it that determines our fate If our path is truly one of our own makings, do we trust ourselves enough to make the “right” choices What if we find our goals changing as we go along
And if you, like me, have fallen hard in love with the legends woven into fantastic dramas like Hotel Del Luna and Tale of the Nine-Tailed, you’ll want to get your hands on The Girl Who Fell Beneath the Sea immediately and keep it in a special place on your bookshelf, for the express purpose of enjoying Axie Oh’s magical tale again and again!
9. What can we learn about Axie Oh from the text
A. She’s an actress. B. She’s a good diver.
C. She’s a great novelist. D. She’s a language expert.
10. Why did Mina throw herself into the sea
A. To search for more sea animals.
B. To bring peace to her village.
C. To accompany her friends Cheong.
D. To rescue her beloved brother Joon.
11. How does the author mainly develop paragraph 3
A. By giving examples. B. By asking questions.
C. By making comparisons. D. By listing figures.
12. What does the author suggest readers do in the last paragraph
A. Write more fantastic dramas.
B. Learn more traditional dramas.
C. Watch The Girl Who Fell Beneath the Sea on TV.
D. Read the book The Girl Who Fell Beneath the Sea.
（2021·湖南长沙·宁乡一中校考一模）It is no secret that play-based learning improves the cognitive, physical, social, and emotional well-being of children. Researchers now believe that certain board games, like Chutes and Ladders and Monopoly, can also help enhance their math skills.
The team at Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile in Santiago, Chile, came to this conclusion after analyzing the results of 19 studies. They were conducted between 2000 and2023. All but one of the studies focused on the relationship between math skills and board games.
In these studies, kids aged 3-9 played board games under the supervision (监督) of teachers or trained adults. The 20-minute sessions were held twice a week for about six weeks. In some cases, one set of kids (the intervention group) played number-centric board games, while the other (the control group) played board games that did not require math skills. in other studies. both the intervention and control groups played number-based games. They were, however, given different games, like Monopoly and Dominoes.
The participants’ math skills were assessed before and after each study. The researchers looked for improvement in four key categories. They included the ability to name numbers and demonstrate simple number knowledge-such as “nine is greater than three.” Changes in the kids’ abilities to add and subtract and their interest in math were also noted.
The results of the study were published in the journal Early Years on July 6, 2023. It revealed that playing board games helps improve the children’s math skills in over half of the four areas. Additionally, nearly a third of the children in the intervention groups scored higher on math tests than those in the control groups.
The researchers hope their findings will inspire the creation of new board games specially designed for classroom learning. Meanwhile, boost your math skills by organizing a game a night or two with family and friends this summer—it all adds up!
13. What’s the researchers’ attitude towards the relationship between play-based learning and children’s well-being
A. Negative. B. Indifferent C. Doubtful. D. Positive.
14. How were the participants’ math skills assessed
A. By giving examples. B. By asking questions.
C. By making comparisons. D. By providing definitions.
15. What do the researchers hope their findings will inspire
A. The improvement of social and emotional well-being in children.
B. The creation of new board games for classroom learning
C. The introduction of play-based learning in schools.
D. The use of board games for physical development
16. What is the main focus of the text
A. The benefits of play-based leaning to children.
B. The solution to improving children’s math skills.
C. The results of a study on board games and math skills
D. The need for new board games for classroom learning.
（2024上·山西·高三统考期末）Greta Thunberg may be the voice of a generation alarmed about climate change but she is also the voice of a generation failing to do much about it. A new study shows that young people, are taking less action to lower their carbon footprint than older Britons and are much worse at taking simple steps to help the environment, such as recycling.
The YouGov survey of 1,008 Britons found that more than 80 per cent of 18-to 24-year-old say they are worried about global warming compared with nearly 70 per cent of the over -65s. A higher proportion (比例) of young people also believe that urgent action is required to deal, with climate change. However, nearly 90 per cent of the over-65s say they recycle as much as possible compared with only half of young people. The over-65s are also more likely to have reduced the number of flights they take, to take steps to save water and to repair items. They are also more likely to turn the heating down and switch off lights in rooms they are not using.
Overall, the study found that 74 per cent of Britons are concerned about climate change and 70 per cent believe urgent action is required. However, the data suggests that the economic climate is affecting people’s willingness to act. Over half of the people questioned said that dealing with, the cost of living is a greater priority than making changes to lower their environmental impact.
Claudine Blamey, group sustainability director at Aviva, said, “The majority of UK residents believe urgent action is required to tackle environmental change. It’s heartening to see that older generations are leading the way through their climate-conscious behaviors and younger people are committing to doing more.” “It is vital that people realize making a difference is within their gift, helping their families, communities and country to get ready,” he added.
17. How did researchers of the YouGov survey support their findings
A. By giving examples. B. By stating arguments.
C. By quoting statistical data. D. By presenting theoretical basis.
18. What can be known from paragraph 3
A. Measures have been taken to get around climate change.
B. Many people in Britain are struggling with their living cost.
C. Most people are unwilling to act to protect the environment.
D. Changes made to lower environmental impact are most effective.
19. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “heartening” in the last paragraph
A. Amusing. B. Confusing. C. Disturbing D. Inspiring
20. What is the best title for the text
A. Britons Lead the Way in Protecting the Environment
B. Action Speaks Louder Regarding Climate Change
C. It Is an Urgent Need to Reduce Carbon Footprint
D. Young People Fail to Act on Carbon Concerns
（2024上·辽宁·高三朝阳市第一高级中学校联考期末）A new international organization, ReShark, including partners from 15 countries and 44 aquariums, is challenging the shark statistics. According to National Geographic, ReShark’s goal is to release 500 endangered zebra sharks in Indonesian waters to increase a wild population that is on the edge of extinction. This is the first-ever attempt to reintroduce captive sharks into the wild.
Marine reintroductions present significant challenges due to the complexity and shortage of ocean life, as well as the difficulty in managing threats, according to National Geographic. Team ReShark understands that the reintroduction may go up in smoke. Unlike land animals that have been successfully reintroduced in the past, such as giant pandas in China, young sharks are more likely to suffer from diseases and be killed by other animals, and they struggle to find food on their own.
Sharks have a remarkable history as one of the oldest vertebrate species, surviving five mass extinctions over a period of 420 million years. They play an important role in marine ecosystems by influencing the ocean’s food chains. However, they are now facing the second-highest rate of disappearance. Research shows that more than 37 percent of the shark species are at risk of extinction due to overfishing, both legal and illegal. Sharks are hunted for their meat. Nearly 100 million sharks are killed by human hands each year, according to the organization Sentient Media.
Despite the alarming decline in shark populations globally, top shark scientists are hopeful that ReShark’s efforts will succeed. Given these challenges, Simon Fraser University ecologist Dulvy initially had some doubts about ReShark’s plans. However, after asking some questions, he was surprised by what the initiative could produce. “This initiative is different,” Dulvy explained. Similarly, Rima Jabado, Dulvy’s successor, recognized ReShark as a unique project that could provide a lifeline for endangered shark species. “It may provide an opportunity for species not to go extinct,” she said.
21. What’s the ReShark’s intention of releasing sharks
A. To conduct shark data collection.
B. To study the living habits of sharks.
C. To save the endangered shark species.
D. To test new ways of keeping sharks.
22. What does the underlined part “go up in smoke” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Disappear. B. Fail. C. Work. D. Influence.
23. How does the Paragraph 3 develop
A. By giving examples. B. By giving descriptions.
C. By making comparison. D. By making classifications.
24. What does Rima Jabado think of ReShark’s project
A. Special and promising. B. Hopeful and effortless.
C. Risky and costly. D. Doubtful and immature.
（2023上·重庆·高三重庆市第十一中学校校考阶段练习）Professionals use the word “amateur” as a disapproving term for those who lack formal training and qualifications. I think such prejudice is a mistake. One day that amateur might just create a new industry.
Typical amateurs are free to invent as they please, try new ideas, fail, and get up and do it all again—but better. As Marshall McLuhan, the media theorist, said: “Amateurs can afford to lose.” They are self-improvers, chasing a dream rather than a laborious, life-long career within a group. Amateurs can do it part-time, for charity or for fun.
Thanks to the Internet, we can all be competent amateurs at almost everything. Now everyone can DIY and experiment—from blogging to film-making to online advice shops. The mysteries, terms and exclusiveness of the self-satisfied old crafts are revealed online for all to see. Besides, the world is vastly more complex now, but that means even the most respected professional needs expert help. The end of the age of authority means we no longer hold elites (精英) such as judges and bankers in such awe. For centuries the club-like professional bodies have taken society in their control, a form of freemasonry (互助协会) for the well-educated and connected.
Charles Leadbeater has written persuasively about the importance of serious amateurs, or “professional amateurs”, who have helped introduce innovations to the mainstream. These passionate amateurs cooperate to give disruptive ideas (颠覆性的观点) possibility. Their constructive ideas contribute to the improvement of mountain bikes. Social enterprises are dominated by enthusiastic amateurs whose priority is to improve the world rather than bill clients. Among the greatest cooperative achievements of the Internet Age have been Wikipedia and Linux. It is surprising there haven’t been more crowded-sourced successes. Perhaps business projects have been too chaotic and lacked the leadership necessary for any complicated project to come to fruition.
Nevertheless, I show my admirations for the armies of gifted amateurs. I don’t deny the importance of education, but I place greater emphasis on results and originality, which are the highlights of amateurism.
25. The advantages of amateurs are listed below except ______.
A. they enjoy more freedom in creation. B. they can afford the cost of failure.
C. they are the fruit of the Internet Age. D. they have a wide range of choices.
26. What can be seen in Paragraph 3
A. The influence of professionals are being challenged.
B. Public opinion is influenced by the small group of elites.
C. Only the competent amateurs can make crafts revealed.
D. Human society has been governed by well-educated groups.
27. How does the author present his point in Paragraph 4
A. By listing figures. B. By making comparisons.
C. By explaining causes. D. By giving examples.
28. What’s the best title for the text
A. The Evolution of Amateurism B. A New Industrial Revolution
C. A Salute to the Amateur D. The End of Authority Age
（2023上·重庆·高三重庆市第十一中学校校考期中）We often share images or thoughts on social networks. Now, researchers at the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) have developed an algorithm (算法) that can analyse the content people post online.
According to William Glasser’s Choice Theory, there are five basic needs: Survival, Power, Freedom, Belonging and Fun. “These needs even have an influence on the images we choose to upload to our Instagram page,” explained Mohammad Mahdi Dehshibi, a researcher at the UOC.
The research team has spent two years working on a deep-learning model that identifies the five needs described by Glasser. For the study, which has been published in the journal IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, the researchers analyzed 86 Instagram profiles, in both Spanish and Persian (波斯语), and developed an algorithm to identify the content of the images and categorize textual content by assigning different labels.
Glasser’s theory argues that each choice users make on social media does not respond to just one basic need — the multi-label approach of this study helps to clear it up. Dehshibi uses an example to explain this: “Imagine that a cyclist is riding up a mountain, and at the top, he can choose between sharing a selfie (自拍照) and a group photo. If he chooses the selfie, we perceive a need for Power, but if he chooses the other option, we can conclude that the person is not only looking for Fun but also a way to satisfy his need for Belonging.”
“Studying data from social networks that belong to non-English-speaking users could help build inclusive and diverse tools and models for addressing mental health problems in people with diverse cultural backgrounds,” Dehshibi adds.
The research team believe that their study can help improve preventive measures, ranging from identification to improved treatment when a person has been diagnosed (诊断) with a mental health disorder.
Back in 2019, University of Vermont researchers developed an artificial-intelligence-based system that can detect signs of anxiety in the speech patterns of young children. Meanwhile, computer scientists from the University of Alberta, Canada, have developed algorithms that can detect and identify depression through people’s voices.
29. What can the algorithm be used to do
A. Introducing William Glasser’s Choice Theory.
B. Creating different databases for the research team.
C. Identifying users’ basic needs from the content they share online.
D. Giving people a tool to post images or thoughts on social networks.
30. How does Dehshibi present his idea in Paragraph 4
A. By providing data. B. By making comparisons.
C. By quoting sayings. D. By giving examples.
31. What does the research team think of their study
A. It can suggest ways to improve social networks.
B. It is useful in handling mental health problems.
C. It is helpful in changing online users’ bad habits.
D. It can link people with diverse cultural backgrounds together.
32. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph
A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the readers.
C. Add some background information. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.
（2024·广东·华南师大附中校考模拟预测）Two and a half millennia ago, Socrates complained that writing would harm students. With a way to store ideas permanently and externally, they would no longer need to memorize. However, studies today have found that writing on paper can improve everything from recalling a random series of words to better understanding complex concepts.
For learning material by repetition, the benefits of using a pen or pencil lie in how the motor and sensory memory of putting words on paper reinforces that material. The scribbling (涂鸦) on a page feeds into visual memory: people might remember a word they wrote down in French class as being at the bottom-left on a page.
One of the best-demonstrated advantages of writing by hand seems to be in note-taking. Students typing on computers wrote down almost twice as many words directly from lectures, suggesting they were not understanding so much as rapidly copying the material. However, handwriting forces note-takers to process and organize ideas into their own words. This aids conceptual understanding at the moment of writing, resulting in better performance on tests.
Many studies have confirmed handwriting’s benefits, and policymakers have taken note. Though America’s curriculum from 2010 does not require handwriting instruction past first grade (roughly age six), about half the states since then have required more teaching of it. In Sweden there is a push for more handwriting and printed books and fewer devices. England’s national curriculum already includes the teaching of basic cursive writing (连写体) skills by age seven.
However, several school systems in America have gone so far as to ban most laptops. This is too extreme. Some students have disabilities that make handwriting especially hard. Nearly all will eventually need typing skills. Virginia Berninger, professor of psychology at the University of Washington, is a longtime advocate of handwriting. But she is not a purist; she says there are research tested benefits for “manuscript” print-style writing but also for typing.
Socrates may or may not have had a point about the downsides of writing. But no one would remember, much less care, if his student Plato had not noted it down for the benefit of future generations.
33. According to the text, why does writing on paper have benefits for learning
A. It provides visual enjoyment in class.
B. It improves the effect of memorization.
C. It promotes the motor and sensory ability.
D. It helps to remember the information forever.
34. How does the author show the emphasis on handwriting instruction at school
A. By giving examples. B. By providing statistics.
C. By making comparisons. D. By making classification.
35. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A. Difficulties faced by the disabled.
B. Unreasonableness of forbidding typing.
C. The research-tested benefits of typing.
D. The longtime advocacy for handwriting.
36. Why does the writer mention Socrates and Plato in the last paragraph
A. To thank Plato for his efforts.
B. To defend Socrates’ point of view.
C. To show people’s indifference to typing.
D. To confirm the importance of handwriting.
（2021·河南·模拟预测）Think of the last time you disagreed with another person. Maybe you argued with a sibling (兄弟，姊妹) over what to watch on TV. Or perhaps you tried to convince grown-ups that ice cream makes a better dinner than vegetables. How did your disagreement end Were you able to see the issue from the other person’s viewpoint
In many situations, disagreements are unavoidable. They’re part of life. After all, everyone has different opinions. We all have past experiences that shape how we see the world. Still, not all disagreements are bad. In fact, many people look at them as opportunities to learn. They do so by trying to understand where both sides are coming from.
How can you understand both sides of an issue Often, it’s best to start by asking questions. Questions help us learn about the world around us. The right questions can also help us learn about other people. In a disagreement, asking for more information can help you learn about a person’s viewpoint. It can also lead you to gather more facts. This can paint a better picture of the entire issue.
When seeking to understand both sides of an issue, it’s important to know the difference between facts and opinions. Remember, facts are based on true information. Opinions can change from person to person. Paying attention to facts can stop biases (偏见) from taking over in a disagreement. This can help everyone involved see both sides of the issue.
Maybe you’re wondering why it’s important to understand both sides of an issue, anyway. After all, don’t most people just want to prove that their side is right Often, that’s true. However, understanding the whole issue can lead to both sides working together.
Disagreements may be uncomfortable at first. However, when both sides truly try to understand each other, they often find they have more in common than they thought. The next time you disagree with other people, try asking them questions about their viewpoints. You never know what you might learn.
37. What does the underlined word “so” refer to in Paragraph 2
A. Ignoring chances to learn.
B. Knowing more about themselves.
C. Shaping a right way to see the world.
D. Making the disagreements a chance to learn.
38. According to the passage, how can we solve a disagreement
A. By changing the other’s opinion.
B. By making both sides comfortable.
C. By trying to stand in the other’s shoes.
D. By telling facts and opinions apart.
39. How does the author support his view
A. By reasoning. B. By making comparison.
C. By debating. D. By giving examples.
40. What’s the author’s attitude to people’s arguments
A. Indifferent. B. Pessimistic. C. Positive. D. Skeptical.
（2023上·湖北·高三华中师大一附中校考期中）In 2022, campaign group Fashion Revolution Chelsea dye a garden for its Chelsea Flower Show presentation. An ancient craft, natural dyeing is a practice whose time has come again, with hand tie-dyed fashion also making a comeback in recent years.
The revival has been encouraged by Covid lockdowns, “which allowed people to explore the craft at home, says natural-dyeing enthusiast and teacher Susan Dye. It’s unlikely, though, that the practice would have caught on in quite the same way if not for a continually growing discomfort about fashion’s heavy footprint. From carbon emissions to animal cruelty, fashion is under considerable inspection. “Put it this way, 97% of dyes used in the industry are petrochemically (石油化学产品) based,” says sustainable fashion consultant Jackie Andrews, who helped advise the UN Ethical Fashion Initiative. We’ve got net zero targets which mean we’re going to have to remove all those petrochemicals from the manufacturing cycle.
Fashion is a huge polluter. According to the UN Environment Program, the industry is responsible for up to one-fifth of all industrial water pollution—due to the fact that most clothes today are produced in poorer countries where regulation is weak and enforcement weaker. Waste water is dumped directly into rivers and streams, poisoning the land as well as the water sources of people and animals who rely on them.
It’s easy to see why someone who cares about people, planet and animals, as well as clothes, might turn to natural plant dyeing. From the beauty of the raw materials—often wild plants-to the property of only bonding with natural fiber like cotton and linen (亚麻布) from the minor footprint of recycling old clothing that has grayed or faded over time to the vibrant and long-lasting dyeing results, plant dyeing feels like a quiet act of rebellion. This is why, while beginners start with simply changing their clothes’ color, new worlds open. Many of today’s natural dyers grow their own dye plants, run local community workshops, and advocate for change in industrialized fashion systems and beyond.
41. What is the main reason for the growing discomfort mentioned in paragraph 2
A. The adoption of petrochemical-based dyes
B. The disturbing consequences of the fashion industry.
C. The fashion industry’s focus on luxurious designs.
D. The challenging net zero targets to be achieved.
42. How does the author illustrate Fashion is a huge polluter
A. By making a comparison. B. By listing numbers
C. By giving examples. D. By introducing a new topic
43. What does the underlined phrase a quiet act of rebellion in paragraph 4 refer to
A. A protest against turning to natural fiber.
B. An objection to recycling old clothing
C. A resistance to vibrant colors in natural dyeing
D. A struggle for a sustainable fashion industry
44. What would be the most suitable title for the passage
A. The Environmental Impact of Natural Dyeing
B. The Return of Natural Dyeing with Ethical Appeal
C. Fashion Revolution’s Dye Garden Presentation
D. The Petrochemical Dye Industry and Its Challenges
（2023上·重庆梁平·高三统考阶段练习）After a particularly strong storm named Klaus hit southwestern France in 2009, researchers made a curious observation about the damage: nearly all the trees beaten up by winds blowing at speeds of 94 miles per hour, regardless of their species, height or diameter, however, most trees hit by strong winds below that were in good condition. Was this wind-speed threshold(分界线) really the arbiter(仲裁者) of destruction
Physicist Christophe Clanet and his colleagues at France’s cole Polytechnique and ESPCI Paris Tech set to find out by breaking beechwood rods(格木棒) of different lengths and diameters under controlled conditions. To do so, they inserted one end of a given rod into a hole of the same diameter in a block of steel and slowly added force to the other end, causing the rod to bend. Then they measured the critical figures to determine a corresponding wind speed. What they found matched the real-world situation of 2009: the calculated wind speed to break the rods—no matter the size was about 94 mph.
However, several outside experts have concerns about this. For example, Lee Frelich, director of the University of Minnesota Center for Forest Ecology, says that modeling trees as branchless cylinders(无分支气缸) ignores the streamlining (直线型化) of branches in the wind, which in turn changes the relation between force on the trunk and wind speed. In other words, the method did not reflect the complex interactions of real-life biology, weather and physics. Regardless, Clanet and his colleagues do think the results have utility and plan to study whether strong winds can change the breaking point.
45. How did Clanet conduct the study
A. By setting plans and giving examples.
B. By collecting figures and using information.
C. By doing experiment and measuring figures
D. By analyzing data and drawing a conclusion.
46. What’s the attitude of Lee Frelich towards the study
A. Optimistic. B. Indifferent C. Objective. D. Worried.
47. What does the underlined word “utility” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Effect. B. Usefulness. C. Future. D. Significance.
48. Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A. How the wind cuts wood
B. Why the wind destroys wood
C. Wind speed: the changer of winds
D. Whether strong winds can change the breaking point
（2022上·河南·高三校联考期末）Nature can be unforgiving, especially when it comes to the animal world. As such, squirrels need every advantage they can get in order to protect themselves from a variety of predators that may want to make them their next meal. Squirrels pay incredibly close attention to their surroundings, and they pick up alarm calls from other nearby animals in reference to nearby predators. Now, a new study reveals that squirrels also listen to nearby birds’ conversations to make sure there is no threat close by.
Researchers from Oberlin University say that if the talk from birds is relaxing and normal, the squirrel knows it is not in immediate danger. The authors said that squirrels were listening to bird conversations and sounds to assess their safety, so in order to test their theory they observed the behavior of 54 wild Eastern gray squirrels scattered across various parks and areas in Ohio.
First, a threat was shown by playing a record of a red-tailed hawk(鹰), an animal known to hunt and eat both squirrels and other smaller birds. Then, researchers played one of two different recordings; one recording was of many songbirds chattering among one another happily, and the other was with no bird noises. After playing these recordings, each squirrel’s behavior was monitored for three minutes.
As expected, after hearing the initial record, all the squirrels displayed defensive attitudes, such as running away, looking around, or freezing their movements. Interestingly, the squirrels that heard the happy sounds of songbirds returned back to a normal, relaxed state much faster than the other group that heard the quiet sounds.
The study’s authors say that this indicates squirrels use the sounds of nearby animals to ensure their own safety. This allows the squirrel to either get back to what they were doing in a faster manner, or prepare for potential threats more efficiently.
“Perhaps in some circumstances, cues of safety could be as important as cues of danger,” the study reads. The study is published in the scientific journal PLOS ONE.
49. What does the underlined word “predators” mean in the first paragraph
A. Animals that hunt squirrels as food.
B. Animals that make friends with squirrels.
C. Animals that hunt squirrels and birds at night.
D. Animals that steal the food from the squirrels’ nests.
50. What will the squirrels do after hearing the sound of a red-tailed hawk
A. They will stay and freeze.
B. They will behave normally.
C. They will keep on their guard.
D. They will look around and run away.
51. How did the researchers get the result
A. By studying the different data.
B. By listing the different figures.
C. By comparing the different responses.
D. By playing different games with the squirrels.
52. What is the best title for the passage
A. Three interesting experiments.
B. Squirrels listen to birds to stay safe.
C. Judging danger from nearby sounds.
D. Squirrels can record the dangerous sound.
（2023上·全国·高三校联考阶段练习）Zheng Xiaoying was born in Shanghai in September 1929. Her youth and passion for music helped her become a conductor in an art troupe (巡回演出团). In the early 1960s, Zheng was sent to the Moscow State Tchaikovsky Conservatory to study opera and symphony conducting, becoming the first professionally trained female conductor in China at that time.
As a student, she conducted the Italian opera “Tosca” in public at a large opera house in the Soviet Union and won great applause not only for the wonderful performance, but also for the Chinese woman on the stage. Recalling this experience, Zheng said it was of great importance for her to become an opera symphony conductor and served as one of the turning points in her life.
After return to China, she did her best to combine Western and Oriental music. In addition to lectures and performances, in 1998, she founded the Xiamen Philharmonic Orchestra. With the concept of “attracting more audiences to the concert hall to enjoy the beauty of music,” the musical orchestra has now gained worldwide recognition. It has also become a popular travel destination in the city of Xiamen.
Besides being a conductor, Zheng is also a teacher. As one of the most famous Chinese conducting professors, she has taught many famed musicians. Many of them are still active on stage, both in China and abroad. Still, as a daughter of the Hakka people, she follows the tradition of valuing education. The Hakka culture enabled her to create a Chinese symphony called “The Echoes of Hakka Earth Building” which promotes China’s cultural achievements in music. So far, the symphony has been performed 80 times in over 12 countries and regions.
Zheng not only promotes the Chinese symphony to the world, she also presents traditional Chinese music. She said the thought of spending her last few seconds on the conductor’s podium (乐队指挥台) would be what she calls “the most romantic” of a desirable career. Now in her 90s, Zheng Xiaoying is still active on the stage, sharing China with the world through her music.
53. What’s a turning point in Zheng’s life
A. Joining in an art troupe.
B. Studying conducting in Moscow.
C. A job at a large opera house in Italy.
D. A public performance in the Soviet Union.
54. What can we know about the Xiamen Philharmonic Orchestra
A. It is a characteristic of Xiamen.
B. Its concept is to draw people’s attention.
C. It combines Western and Oriental music.
D. Its aim is to inspire people’s music talent.
55. How is the fourth paragraph mainly developed
A. By asking questions. B. By listing examples.
C. By analyzing reasons. D. By making comparisons.
56. What do Zheng’s words imply
A. Her desire for romanticism. B. Her ideal of spreading musical ideas.
C. Her enthusiasm for music career. D. Her achievement in music field.
（2024上·湖北·高三校联考阶段练习）Soda bottles and sour cream containers—these plastics typically arrive at recycling plants mixed together in the same bin. But because they are made of different monomers (单体), they must be sorted into different streams before they can be melted to make new products.
“Until about a year ago, everybody thought the only thing you could do is take a plastic, break it back down to a monomer and then re-form it,” says Sanat Kumar, a chemical engineer at Columbia University. To seek new solutions to old recycling problems, his team had to solve a fundamental chemical difficulty: when different plastics are melted together, their various monomers tend to separate from one another. They have developed a process that allows different kinds of plastic to be recycled together. Their findings, reported recently in Nature, could give new life to many items that end up in landfills.
The new process solves this problem by adding chemicals called universal dynamic cross-linkers (交联剂) to the mix. Just as soap brings together oil and water, which creates a bridge, allowing the oil and water to mix together and form a stable liquid, these cross-linkers(when applied under heat)form covalent molecular bonds (共价键) that attach the diverse monomers together. These materials can then be melted and remade again and again because the cross-linkers can break and re-form their bonds.
The researchers hope the technique could eventually help handle more plastic waste—but it’s not yet cheap enough to be widely used at existing recycling facilities. Still, Kumar wishes it would be one way to help recyclers address the plastic waste crisis. “The plastics problem is huge,” he says, “and you’re going to have to look for multiple solutions.”
57. The difficulty of recycling different plastics together lies in how to ________.
A. re-form them more quickly
B. prevent various monomers being apart
C. break them down thoroughly
D. separate various monomers successfully
58. How does the author explain the new process
A. By listing facts.
B. By quoting a report.
C. By providing examples.
D. By making a comparison.
59. What can be inferred about the new technique from the last paragraph
A. It still needs some improvement.
B. It will solve the plastics problem.
C. It has already gained great popularity.
D. It has been affordable for most plants.
60. What can be a suitable title for the test
A. Monomers Are Still Important for Plastics Recycling
B. The Use of Cross-linkers Outperformed Other Chemicals.
C. Multiple Solutions Are Needed for Mixed-Plastics Recycling
D. New Chemical Process Offers Hope for Mixed-Plastics Recycling
（2024·陕西·校联考三模）A physical checkup often begins with a series of questions: What foods do you eat Do you smoke Getting any exercise New research suggests another telling indicator could be added to that list: What was your college major The study finds one’s chosen field of college study is a statistically significant predictor of health in midlife.
The researchers find the four majors associated with the best midlife health are architecture/engineering, biology/life sciences, business, and—here’s a surprise—communications/journalism. Perhaps chasing after big stories keeps us journalists in shape.
It has long been established that people with more education tend to be healthier. But does one’s major matter To find out, the researchers analyzed data from the nationally representative American Community Survey.
Their sample consisted of 3.7 million United States-born adults between the ages of 45 and 64—the time of life when physical functioning problems start to appear. Participants noted whether they had difficulty walking or climbing stairs, dressing or bathing. A “yes” answer in any of those categories resulted in a grade of relatively poor health.
The researchers focused on the 667,362 participants who earned a bachelor’s degree, but went no further in their education. They noted each person’s college major, which they placed into one of 15 categories. They found substantial differences in health across majors. Two majors are particularly disadvantaged in midlife. The chances of poor health are 1.9 times greater among psychology /social work and law/public policy majors compared to business majors. The researchers argue this is likely due to several factors. Psychology majors tend to suffer from high unemployment and low earnings. Law/public policy majors often enter the field of law enforcement(执行).
The researchers say that they have discovered associations, not proof of causality(因果关系). But they make a convincing case that some majors lead people to live healthier lifestyles than others.
Their findings might even inspire a warning country song: Mammas, don’t let your babies grow up to be psychology majors.
61. What can be learned from the first two paragraphs
A. Smoking can lead to poor health. B. Diet is more important than exercise.
C. Physical checkups keep you healthy. D. College major chould be added to a checkup.
62. How do researchers draw their conclusions
A. By doing face-to-face interviews. B. By following participants’ daily routines.
C. By doing medical examinations. D. By analyzing the representative data.
63. Which of the following is against midlife health according to the researchers
A. Engineering. B. Business. C. Psychology. D. Agriculture.
64. What is the best title of the passage
A. College majors can predict midlife health.
B. More majors in college can improve health.
C. The annual physical exam is necessary to life.
D. People with more education tend to be healthier.
（2024上·陕西西安·高三西安中学校考期末）In recent days, the small “potatoes” from southern China have occupied Harbin, the capital city of Northeast China’s Heilongjiang province. The streets and alleys are full of groups of little people sitting on suitcases, feet up in the air, wearing cute hairy hats, light-colored and thick down jackets.
Upon their arrival, in addition to the must do playing in the ice and snow world, they would not let go of the food in the Northeast, but they didn’t expect that Harbin also sells tofu curd.
A little “potato” came to a food stall and asked the boss for a tofu curd, and the boss asked her what to add. The answer — sugar — made the boss widened her eyes and looked at the little “potato” unbelievably. She has never heard of anyone who eats tofu curd with sugar.
Frozen pears sellers knew that southerners have lived a delicate lifestyle back home, so they cut the frozen pears into pieces for them, while the locals usually bite them directly.
The Harbiners are sincerely hospitable. They really spoil the small “potatoes”, which makes the locals who have lived there for decades envious.
In order to welcome the distinguished guests, a transparent glass cover was specially installed in the Harbin Sophia Square by the municipal government to allow them to watch the snow cozily.
Also, an artificial moon shone brightly in the sky to satisfy their fantasy to admire a white moon on a cold winter night. Besides, the Oroqen people were called out from the mountains and forests to pull reindeer in the Central Street of Harbin, just to pet the southern tourists.
According to official data, Harbin received a total of 3.0479 million tourists during this year’s New Year’s Day holiday, with a total tourism income of 5,914 billion. The number of tourists and the total tourism income reached a record high. Iron pot stew is the most popular food, and 100,000 pieces of popsicles (棒冰) are sold in 3 days.
65. What is the boss’s reaction when a small “potato” asks for sugar in her tofu curd
A. Pleased and hesitant. B. Happy and welcoming.
C. Surprised and incredible. D. Excited and enthusiastic.
66. What does the underlined word “installed” in Paragraph 6 probably mean
A. Held. B. Built. C. Operated. D. Protected.
67. What’s the main idea of the last but one paragraph
A. The change of the lifestyle of the northeast people.
B. More measures taken to welcome the southern tourists.
C. The new attractions added to attract tourists in Harbin.
D. The comparison between the small “potatoes” and the local people.
68. How does the author mainly develop the last paragraph
A. By listing numbers. B. By giving explanations.
C. By making comparisons. D. By following the order of time.
（2024·四川攀枝花·统考二模）Recently I’ve been drawn to books which motivate me to look at myself, and hopefully make me a better “me”. The Courage to Be Disliked, by Ichiro Kishimi and Fumitake Koya, has a title I just can’t go past.
The book has taken Japan by storm, using the theories of philosopher Alfred Adler to create conversations between a fictional philosopher and a young man. The conversations cover many broad, interesting and sensitive topics. The philosopher character sticks by the theories of Adler, and explains how we are competent to determine our own lives, and be free of the influence of past experiences and others’ expectations. It’s a way of thinking that allows us to develop the courage to change and to ignore the limitations placed on us.
These often complex topics are played out in a conversational style between the two men. While it’s easy to follow the conversations, the topics will knock around in your own head as you work out whether you sit on the side of the philosopher, the young man, or somewhere in between. The book is well-received by readers primarily owing to the fact that it presents two well-balanced viewpoints in the arguments. You’ll find yourself doing household chores, or at your keyboard, unpacking all the information in your mind and coming to your own conclusions.
You will wholeheartedly agree on some points and want to throw the book at the wall at others. Its content is polarizing (两极分化) and I certainly don’t agree with everything the philosopher or the young man says, but I think that’s the point. The Courage to Be Disliked is there to start a conversation with yourself and do some slightly uncomfortable soul-searching.
69. Which category does the book belong to
A. Self-improvement. B. Philosophy theory.
C. Collection of experiences. D. Biography of Alfred Adler.
70. Which statement might the fictional philosopher agree with
A. People are free of their past influence. B. People can take charge of their life course.
C. People should live up to others’ expectations. D. People ought to take their limitations seriously.
71. How does the book develop
A. By listing sufficient data. B. By making comparisons.
C. By following the time line. D. By presenting dialogues.
72. Why is the book popular with readers
A. It shows ideas in plain language. B. It displays the scientific statistics.
C. It offers balanced sides to the topics. D. It avoids the use of philosophic terms.
（2024·黑龙江·高三专题练习）I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labelled (贴标签) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.
The war broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming, “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder.
The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Kate answered it.
From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled (爬) under her covers, sobbing.
Obviously, that was something she should not go through alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.
Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side. I was so buried in my work that I even didn’t noticed Kate had sat up.
She was watching, her tears dried and her expression showed her disbelief. Then, she reached out her hands to grasp mine. I looked up into her eyes. She smiled at me, “Thanks.”
Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn’t always agree, but we learned the key to living together, giving in, cleaning up and holding on.
73. How is paragraph 1 mainly developed
A. By analyzing causes. B. By showing differences.
C. By describing a process. D. By following time order.
74. Why did I got tired of my roommate Kate
A. Kate always hid my belongings.
B. Kate often wore my clothes.
C. Kate wouldn’t share her books with me.
D. Kate didn’t agree with my way of doing things.
75. What made Kate so angry one evening
A. The author’s shoes were dirty.
B. She heard the author shouting loud.
C. The author’s shoes were in Kate’s place.
D. She got the bad news from her grandma.
76. The author tidied up the room most probably because .
A. she wanted to show her care
B. she was asked by Kate to do so
C. she was scared by Kate’s anger
D. she had planned to do so
（2023·全国·模拟预测）As children, we used to listen to a song called “Sharing is Fun”, which was all about how we can enjoy things better when we share them. I was not always sure I agreed, particularly when it came to sharing my snacks with my two brothers.
But later, I come to be aware that the old German children’s song seems to be true — at least for humans. We altruistically (利他地，无私地) share food: in both hunter-gatherer and industrialized societies; there are customs and institutions to provide needy people with food, even when it is scarce and the donator needs the food themselves.
In a study in Leipzig, three-year-old children were presented with a task in which they had to pull a board with an unequal amount of sweets on either end. If there were five jellybeans on one side of the board and only one on the other side, the children would divide the treats so that everyone got the same amount.
In a very recent study, the 19-month-old infants tested witnessed an experimenter pick up a desirable fruit, “accidentally” dropping it out of reach. When the experimenter tried to reach for the dropped fruit with his outstretched arm, these little kids handed over the fruit, surprisingly even if they were hungry themselves.
It is well known that wolves provide their children with food, but this is probably an inborn action that can be explained by kin selection. Chimpanzees do share food with each other. But there is a difference in terms of with whom, why, and how chimpanzees share. Chimpanzees share independently of the effort each individual invested in the cooperative hunt — in contrast to the above-mentioned children who worked together to pull a board.
Evolutionary scientists have explained human food sharing like this: by giving away food to strangers, individuals may promote partnership and group cohesion (凝聚力), thereby helping the species succeed within the dynamic environment of evolutionary adaptation.
77. Why does the author mention the song “Sharing is Fun”
A. To express his opinion on sharing. B. To explain the pleasure of sharing.
C. To share his memory of childhood. D. To introduce an old children’s song.
78. What do the studies focus on
A. The stages of sharing. B. The benefits of sharing.
C. The purposes of sharing. D. The behaviors of sharing.
79. What does the underlined word “kin” in the fifth paragraph mean
A. Children and zookeepers. B. Hunters and gatherers.
C. Families and relatives. D. Searchers and participants.
80. How does the text develop
A. By analyzing causes. B. By making comparisons.
C. By following time order. D. By making classifications.
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