2024年新高考英语二轮复习零失误规范训练【小题狂练】
专题13 阅读理解猜测词义题25篇100题(考情+妙招+模拟) 解析版
技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货
一、近年高考考情
1.（2023 新高考I卷 C篇）29题
2.（2023 新高考II卷 C篇）30题
3.（2023 全国甲卷 B篇）24题
4.（2023 全国乙卷 B篇）24题
5.（2023 浙江1月卷 B篇）24题
6.（2023 浙江1月卷 B篇）29题
7.（2022 新高考I卷 C篇）30题
8.（2022 新高考II卷 C篇）30题
9.（2022 全国甲卷 B篇）28题
10.（2021 新高考I卷 C篇）30题
11.（2021 新高考II卷 C篇）30题
12.（2021 全国甲卷 B篇）29题
二、解题小妙招
猜词词义小策略
在阅读理解中，通常通过信息指代类的题目考查考生对于上下文衔接关系以及文章基本结构的把握。信息指代类题目在高考英语中有两种:名词(短语)指代题和代词指代题。本专题我们就如何解答名词(短语)指代题进行相关技巧的点拨。
解答名词(短语)指代题时，可以按照如下步骤进行:
1.定位：返回原文，找出名词(短语)所在句;
2.代入：将四个选项代入该名词(短语)，看意思是否通顺;
3.匹配：联系上下文，读懂相关句子的含义，进一步分析四个选项，选出符合上下文语境的最佳答案。
猜词词义思维导图
猜词词义小技巧
1.利用释义法猜词
在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。
2.利用构词法猜词
英语单词可以通过添加词缀、合成或转化的方式构成新词或生成新的词义。同学们要熟记一定数量的词根、前缀和后缀，从而达到通过“解剖”一个单词，对一个生词能够“望文生义”的效果。
3.利用因果关系猜词
若画线单词或短语前后句子之间构成因果关系，那我们便可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推知单词或短语的意义。因果关系的语境通常由because, so, thus, therefore, as a result of, so that, so/such...that...等标志词体现。
4.利用对比关系猜词
运用转折对比描述事物或现象是写作时常用的一种手法，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，抓住这些信号词，结合上下文意，我们就能够快速推测出词义。体现对比关系的词语很多，常见的有but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead of, on the other hand, rather than, on the contrary等。
5.利用语境法解题
有些猜测词义句意题找不到以上标志或线索，我们可以利用上下文提供的语境进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义句意。
6.利用同义关系解题
画线单词或短语前后有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时我们可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。常见的表示同义关系的词或短语有and, or, like, as well, similarly, too, also, either等。
7.利用生活常识解题
在仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系和语境无法猜出词义时，我们可以借助生活经验和普通常识确定词义。
代词如何猜测？
在语篇中有时为了避免重复提及某一个词或者短语，常常用指代词表示，如:要求考生指出代词it，they，one等的指代对象。指代词起连接语篇的作用，它能体现出语篇中各句子之间的逻辑关系。解题时需要做到:
1.原文定位：返回原文，找出指代词。
2.左顾右盼：找与其最接近的名词，名词性词组或句子（90%以上都是往前找答案）。
3.替换验证：替换该指代词，看逻辑是否通顺，范围是否一致。
三、零失误小妙招
1.做题留痕，依据题干在原文圈划答题区间；
2.划掉错项，去伪存真，快速作答提升效率；
3.错题反思，专用笔记本记录错因举一反三。
模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！
（2024·江苏南通·统考模拟预测）“I am so sorry,” I tearfully said to my principal investigator (PI), explaining I would not be able to return to work as originally planned. Before I became a parent, I had assumed a baby would fit right into my academic plans. But now, as the end of my leave approached, I realized I couldn’t simply carry on as I always had. I was worried this decision might signal the end of my academic career-but I felt I had no other choice.
Thankfully, my PI had more foresight. He told me I didn’t need to resign and that he could offer me a contract that would allow me to contribute to our project from afar. It proved to be an absolute career lifeline tailored to me.
Then five years after stepping back from academia, I felt ready to re-enter more fully. Because I had been able to keep my hand in during my time away, the prospect was much less dauntingthan it would have been otherwise. I ended up landing a lecturer position that allowed me to slowly ease back in, focusing on teaching and scholarship with research taking a back seat. And when, 4 years on, a senior lectureship position came up in the very group I had left a decade earlier, the timing was right. With both of my children in “big school,” I was ready to really put my foot down on the career accelerator. I got the job.
Now, 6 months into my new role, I am happy to be right where it all began, with involvement in so many interesting projects. But what truly made the difference for me was the offer of what I needed during that time away. I hope more institutions and PIs can come up with creative provisions for those in their workforce who don’t want to give up their careers but want-or-need to take extended periods of leave. And to those who are taking such breaks, or considering it, know that returning is possible. Above all, on both sides: Please do not discount extended leavers. We have a lot to offer — if we are given the chance.
1. What can we learn about the author from the first paragraph
A. She chose to sacrifice her family for her career.
B. Her path to PI began when she became a parent.
C. She struck a balance between work and family.
D. She had intended to stick to her academic plans.
2. What does the underlined word “daunting” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Realistic. B. Scary. C. Unlikely. D. Attractive.
3. What contributed most to her success according to the author
A. Supportive work environment. B. Academic researches.
C. Involvement in engaging projects. D. Interest in the projects.
4. What’s the author’s purpose of writing the passage
A. To analyze. B. To entertain. C. To promote. D. To report.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者讲述了自己成为父母后因为无法回到原来的工作岗位而感到困惑和担忧。然而，幸运的是，他们的研究主任为他提供了一份可以远程参与项目的合同，这成为了他职业生涯的转折点。经过几年的休假，作者感到自己已经准备好重新全职工作，最终找到了一份讲师职位。凭借着之前在离开期间的经验，回归工作并没有那么困难。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Before I became a parent, I had assumed a baby would fit right into my academic plans. But now, as the end of my leave approached, I realized I couldn’t simply carry on as I always had. I was worried this decision might signal the end of my academic career-but I felt I had no other choice.( 在我为人父母之前，我曾以为有个孩子正好符合我的学业计划。但现在，随着我的假期即将结束，我意识到我不能像往常一样简单地继续下去。我担心这个决定可能标志着我学术生涯的结束，但我觉得我别无选择。)”可知，作者之前认为孩子会完全适应她的学术计划，但现在她意识到不能像以前一样继续工作，因此她感到困惑和担忧即作者本来打算坚持自己的学业计划。故选D。
2. 词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“Then five years after stepping back from academia, I felt ready to re-enter more fully. Because I had been able to keep my hand in during my time away(在退出学术界五年后，我觉得自己已经准备好更全面地重返学术界。因为在我离开的这段时间里，我一直在工作)”可推知，此处指虽然作者退出了学术界，但是一直没有让自己对学术界生疏，一直在进行工作，让自己对学术界保持着熟悉的状态，因此前景远没有以前那么让作者害怕。故划线词与B选项“Scary.(害怕的)”为同义词。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But what truly made the difference for me was the offer of what I needed during that time away. I hope more institutions and PIs can come up with creative provisions for those in their workforce who don’t want to give up their careers but want-or need-to take extended periods of leave.( 但真正对我产生影响的是在这段时间里我所需要的东西。我希望更多的机构和负责人能够为那些不想放弃自己的事业，但希望或需要延长休假时间的员工提供创造性的规定。)”可知，现在，6个月过去了，作者很高兴回到了一切的起点，在众多有趣的项目中参与其中，但最让其开心的是能够在那段时间离开时得到所需的帮助。因此作者认为最为重要的是支持性的工作环境。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But what truly made the difference for me was the offer of what I needed during that time away. I hope more institutions and PIs can come up with creative provisions for those in their workforce who don’t want to give up their careers but want-or need-to take extended periods of leave. And to those who are taking such breaks, or considering it, know that returning is possible. Above all, on both sides: Please do not discount extended leavers. We have a lot to offer-if we are given the chance.(但真正对我产生影响的是在这段时间里我所需要的东西。我希望更多的机构和负责人能够为那些不想放弃自己的事业，但希望或需要延长休假时间的员工提供创造性的规定。对于那些正在休假或考虑休假的人，要知道，回来是可能的。最重要的是，双方:请不要轻视长期离职者。如果给我们机会，我们有很多东西可以提供。)”可知，从文章最后一段可以看出，作者希望通过自己的经历告诉人们，回归工作是可能的，并呼吁更多的机构和领导提供有创意的设施，不要轻易忽视那些休长期假期的人的能力和价值。因此，作者写这篇文章的目的是促进人们对于这个问题的关注和重视。故选C。
（2024下·山东菏泽·高三山东省东明县第一中学校考开学考试）Using fatty foods to comfort eat during times of stress can harm the body’s recovery from the pressure, research suggests.
Although many people turn to unhealthy foods such as chocolate, crisps or pastries when they are feeling the strain, researchers have found this can reduce blood flow to the brain and cause poorer vascular (血管的) function, which in turn can have a negative effect on mental health and increase the risk of heart disease. The researchers suggest people resist the attraction of convenient treats by eating fruits and vegetables instead.
Prof Jet Veldhuijzen van Zanten said, “We looked at healthy 18- to 30-year-olds for this study, and to see such a clear difference in how their bodies recover from stress when they eat fatty foods is staggering.” For people who already have an increased risk of cardiovascular (心血管) disease, the impacts could be even more serious. We all deal with stress all the time, but especially for those of us in high-stress jobs and at risk of cardiovascular disease, these findings should be taken seriously. This research can help us make decisions that reduce risks rather than make them worse.
The study involved a group of young healthy adults who were given two butter bread as breakfast. The participants were then asked to do mental maths, increasing in speed for eight minutes, and alerted when they got an answer wrong. They could also see themselves on a screen.
The researchers found that consuming fatty foods when mentally stressed reduced vascular function by 1.74%. Previous studies have shown that a 1% reduction in vascular function leads to a 13% increase in cardiovascular disease risk.
“We also know that the elasticity (弹性) of our blood tubes, which is a measure of vascular function, declines following mental stress,” said the study’s first author, Rosalind Baynham from the University of Birmingham.
5. What’s the finding of the research
A. Why people like fatty foods.
B. How people recover from stress.
C. What people should eat to keep fit.
D. Eating fatty foods when stressed is bad for health.
6. What suggestion is given to decrease the risk of heart disease
A. Seeking low-stress jobs. B. Dining out in clean restaurants.
C. Examining your body regularly. D. Eating more fruits and vegetables.
7. What does the underlined word “staggering” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Disappointing. B. Shocking.
C. Confusing. D. Exciting.
8. Where is the text probably taken from
A. A magazine. B. A textbook.
C. A science fiction. D. A recipe book.
【答案】5. D 6. D 7. B 8. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了高脂肪食物对身体恢复的负面影响。
5. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Using fatty foods to comfort eat during times of stress can harm the body’s recovery from the pressure, research suggests(研究表明，在压力大的时候用高脂肪食物来安慰自己可能会对身体从压力中恢复造成伤害。)”可知，研究发现有压力时吃高脂肪食物对健康有害，故选D项。
6. 细节理解题。根据第二段“There searchers suggest people resist the attraction of convenient treats by eating fruits and vegetables instead(研究人员建议人们通过食用水果和蔬菜来抵制方便食品的诱惑)”可知针对降低心脏病的危险，给的建议是多吃水果和蔬菜，故选D项。
7. 词句猜测题。根据上文“a clear difference(一个明显的区别)”和下文“For people who already have an increased risk of cardiovascular(心血管)disease, the impacts could be even more serious(对于那些已经有心血管疾病风险增加的人来说，影响可能会更加严重。)”可推理出划线词的含义是“令人吃惊的”，故选B项。
8. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Using fatty foods to comfort eat during times of stress can harm the body’s recovery from the pressure, research suggests(研究表明，在压力大的时候用高脂肪食物来安慰自己可能会对身体从压力中恢复造成伤害。)”、第二段“The researchers suggest people resist the attraction of convenient treats by eating fruits and vegetables instead(研究人员建议人们通过食用水果和蔬菜来抵制方便食品的诱惑。)”、第三段“We all deal with stress all the time, but especially for those of us in high-stress jobs and at risk of cardiovascular disease, these findings should be taken seriously. This research can help us make decisions that reduce risks rather than make them worse(我们都会一直面临压力，但特别是对于我们这些从事高压力工作且有心血管疾病风险的人来说，应该认真对待这些发现。这项研究可以帮助我们做出减少风险而不是加剧风险的决策)”以及最后一段““We also know that the elasticity(弹性)of our blood tubes, which is a measure of vascular function, declines following mental stress,” said the study’s first author, Rosalind Baynham from the University of Birmingham.(伯明翰大学的研究首席作者罗莎琳德·贝纳姆说：“我们还知道，精神压力之后，我们血管的弹性——这是衡量血管功能的一个指标——会下降。”)”可知，本文主要讲了在压力下吃高脂肪食物对身体恢复的负面影响，并提出了应该吃水果和蔬菜等健康食物来抵抗这种影响。文章内容与人们的生活健康息息相关，最可能来自杂志，故选A项。
（2023上·浙江绍兴·高二统考期末）Flash droughts (突发性干旱) develop fast, and when they hit at the wrong time, they can ruin a region’s agriculture. They are also becoming increasingly common as the planet warms. In a study published in the journal Communication Earth &Environment, we found that the risk of flash droughts, which can develop in a few weeks, is on pace to rise in every major agricultural region around the world in the coming decades.
In North America and Europe, cropland that had a 32% annual chance of a flash drought a few years ago could have a greater chance of a flash drought by the final decades of this century. That result would put food production, energy, and water supplies under increasing pressure. The cost of ravage will also rise. A flash drought in the Dakotas and Montana in 2017 caused $2.6 billion in agricultural damage in America alone.
All droughts begin when rainfall stops. What’s interesting about flash droughts is how fast they reinforce themselves, with some help from the warming climate. When the weather is hot and dry, soil loses water rapidly. Dry air extracts moisture from the land, and rising temperature can increase this evaporative demand. The lack of rain during a flash drought can further contribute to the feedback processes. Under these conditions, crops and vegetation begin to die much more quickly than they do during typical long-term droughts.
In our study, we used climate models and data from the past 170 years to assess the drought risks ahead under three conditions for how quickly the world takes action to slow the pace of global warming. If greenhouse gas emissions (排放物) from vehicles, power plants, and other human sources continue at a high rate, we found that cropland in much of North America and Europe would have a 53% annual chance of flash droughts, respectively, by the final decades of this century. Globally, the largest projected increases in flash droughts would be in Europe and the Amazon. Slowing emissions can reduce the risk significantly, but we found flash droughts would still increase by about 6% worldwide under low-emission conditions.
9. Why is the flash drought a concern
A. It often develops and strikes unexpectedly. B. It does go hand in hand with rainfall.
C. It can be destructive to regional agriculture. D. Its chance has increased dramatically.
10. What does the underlined word “ravage” mean in paragraph 2
A. Control. B. Assessment. C. Production. D. Damage.
11. Which of the following is a direct contributor to flash droughts
A. The constant rainfall. B. The increasing food demand.
C. The warming planet. D. The fast pace of modern life.
12. What can be done to reduce the drought risks according to the last paragraph
A. To cut down on carbon footprint. B. To evaluate the risks regularly.
C. To study climate models and data. D. To monitor weather condition.
【答案】9. C 10. D 11. C 12. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了骤发性干旱的特点、对农业的影响以及解决措施。
9. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Flash droughts (突发性干旱) develop fast, and when they hit at the wrong time, they can ruin a region’s agriculture.(突发性干旱发展迅速，当它们在错误的时间发生时，它们可以摧毁一个地区的农业)”可知，突发性干旱是一个令人担忧的问题是因为可能对区域农业造成破坏。故选C。
10. 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“A flash drought in the Dakotas and Montana in 2017 caused $2.6 billion in agricultural damage in America alone.”可知，2017年，达科他州和蒙大拿州的一场突如其来的干旱仅在美国就造成了26亿美元的农业损失，由此表明骤发性干旱带来的破坏的代价也在上升。故划线词意思是“破坏”。故选D。
11. 细节理解题。根据第一段“They are also becoming increasingly common as the planet warms.(随着地球变暖，它们也变得越来越普遍)”以及第三段“What’s interesting about flash droughts is how fast they reinforce themselves, with some help from the warming climate.(突发性干旱的有趣之处在于，在气候变暖的帮助下，它们会以多么快的速度自我强化)”可知，地球变暖是造成突发性干旱的直接原因。故选C。
12. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Slowing emissions can reduce the risk significantly, but we found flash droughts would still increase by about 6% worldwide under low-emission conditions.(减缓排放可以显著降低风险，但我们发现，在低排放条件下，全球突发性干旱仍将增加约6%)”可知，减少碳足迹可以减少干旱的风险。故选A。
（2023上·河北·高三校联考开学考试）In September 2005, the ground suddenly sank 10 feet in a certain area in northern Ethiopia, rapidly separated on both sides, with large holes that could engulf several camels and several goats. In the next three weeks, 160 earthquakes occurred in this area, forming a large crack 25 feet wide and approximately 0.34 miles long.
Tim Wright, a geophysicist at the University of Leeds in England, used satellite radar data to accurately piece together the formation process of this crack. When the African and Arab tectonic plates drift to both sides, the crust between the two plates weakens. Wright said: “The magma (岩浆) formed at the bottom of the crust will drop down regularly, just like the Lava lamp, forming a ‘balloon’, which will gradually expand. When the ‘balloon’ reaches the critical pressure, it will explode.”
According to Wright’s estimate, in the next 1 million years or so, the cracks will continue to expand, and the Horn of Africa will completely detach from the African continent, forming the eighth largest continent on Earth—East Africa. Wright said that this geological process always occurs, but ground separating usually only occur at the bottom of the sea, which is difficult for people to see. He said, “This is the first time we have directly observed this extremely important geological process using modern instruments.”
This discovery caused a shocking in the scientific community. In 2006, inspection teams from the UK, France, Italy, and the United States came to Afar one after another. After analysis and research, they predicted that a new continent would be formed in one million years, the Great Rift Valley in East Africa would be 10 times longer than it is today, and the Cape of Good Hope in East Africa would be separated from the African continent. In response, American geologist Cindy Ebinger said, “Many people believe that violent geological phenomena only occurred in distant ancient times, but we can now see them happening.”
What is the future of the Great Rift Valley Perhaps our humans can only wait and see.
13. What is the purpose of the data in the first paragraph
A. Describe economic losses B. Illustrate the impact of sinking
C. Explain the research results D. Number of participants named for the study
14. Why does the author take the Lava lamp as an example in the second paragraph
A. To better explain plate splitting B. Further increase research funny
C. Explain satellite radar data D. Causing a shock in the scientific community
15. Which of the following may be the best explanation for the underlined word “detach”
A. sink B. destroy C. contribute D. divide
16. Which of the following statement is true according to the passage
A. The ground in Ethiopia sank and swallowed 160 camels.
B. Ground cracking rarely occurs on the seabed.
C. Teams from four countries predict there will be eight continents in one million years.
D. Intense geological phenomena only occur in distant ancient times.
【答案】13. C 14. A 15. D 16. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2005年9月，在埃塞俄比亚北部的某一地区，地面突然下沉10英尺，在接下来的三个星期里，这个地区发生了160次地震，形成了一个宽25英尺，长约0.34英里的大裂缝。裂缝可能将继续扩大。
13. 推理判断题。由文章第一段“In September 2005, the ground suddenly sank 10 feet in a certain area in northern Ethiopia, rapidly separated on both sides, with large holes that could engulf several camels and several goats. In the next three weeks, 160 earthquakes occurred in this area, forming a large crack 25 feet wide and approximately 0.34 miles long. (2005年9月，在埃塞俄比亚北部的某一地区，地面突然下沉10英尺，两侧迅速分开，形成了大洞，可以吞没几头骆驼和几只山羊。在接下来的三个星期里，这个地区发生了160次地震，形成了一个宽25英尺，长约0.34英里的大裂缝。)”可知，第一段数据的目的是对下面的研究结果进行解释。故选C。
14. 推理判断题。由文章第二段“Tim Wright, a geophysicist at the University of Leeds in England, used satellite radar data to accurately piece together the formation process of this crack. When the African and Arab tectonic plates drift to both sides, the crust between the two plates weakens. Wright said: “The magma (岩浆) formed at the bottom of the crust will drop down regularly, just like the Lava lamp, forming a ‘balloon’, which will gradually expand. When the ‘balloon’ reaches the critical pressure, it will explode.” (英国利兹大学的地球物理学家蒂姆·赖特利用卫星雷达数据准确地拼凑出了这条裂缝的形成过程。当非洲和阿拉伯构造板块向两侧漂移时，两个板块之间的地壳会变弱。赖特说：“地壳底部形成的岩浆会有规律地下降，就像熔岩灯一样，形成一个‘气球’，它会逐渐膨胀。当‘气球’达到临界压力时，它就会爆炸。”)”可知，在第二段中以熔岩灯为例是为了更好地解释板块分裂。故选A。
15. 词句猜测题。由文章第三段中“According to Wright’s estimate, in the next 1 million years or so, the cracks will continue to expand, and the Horn of Africa... (根据赖特的估计，在未来100万年左右的时间里，裂缝将继续扩大，非洲之角……)”和“forming the eighth largest continent on Earth—East Africa. (形成地球上第八大大陆——东非)”可知，根据赖特的估计，在未来100万年左右的时间里，裂缝将继续扩大，非洲之角将完全从非洲大陆分离出来，形成地球上第八大大陆——东非。所以划线词的意思为“分离”。A. sink下沉；B. destroy摧毁；C. contribute贡献；D. divide分开，分散。故选D。
16. 推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中“This discovery caused a shocking in the scientific community. In 2006, inspection teams from the UK, France, Italy, and the United States came to Afar one after another. After analysis and research, they predicted that a new continent would be formed in one million years, the Great Rift Valley in East Africa would be 10 times longer than it is today, and the Cape of Good Hope in East Africa would be separated from the African continent. In response, American geologist Cindy Ebinger said, “Many people believe that violent geological phenomena only occurred in distant ancient times, but we can now see them happening.” (这一发现在科学界引起了震惊。2006年，英国、法国、意大利、美国的核查组陆续来到阿法尔。经过分析和研究，他们预测100万年后将形成一个新的大陆，东非大裂谷的长度将是现在的10倍，东非的好望角将与非洲大陆分离。对此，美国地质学家辛迪·埃宾格说：“许多人认为剧烈的地质现象只发生在遥远的古代，但我们现在可以看到它们的发生。”)”可知，来自四个国家的团队预测，一百万年后将有八大洲。故选C。
（2024·广东汕头·统考一模）A wild African bird that will lead people to trees with honeycomb (蜂巢) seems to somehow learn the distinct whistles and calls of the human foragers (觅食者) who live near them.
This bird species has far more information about what the bees are doing than humans ever could. In Tanzania, Hadza foragers can use a special whistle to attract this bird, which will then fly down and start leading them to honey. With its noisy chattering sound, the bird is very conspicuous. Once the bird arrives at a tree with honey inside, it will rest near the beehive silently, seemingly not to disturb the bees. “That’s the signal to the Hadza to really start searching,” says Brian Wood, an anthropologist at University of California, Los Angeles. Pretty soon, the foragers will locate the hive and cut open the tree trunk.
It is found that the birds are more likely to show up when the familiar signal used by the locals is being broadcast. According to the research, the birds appear 82% of the time when Hadza whistles are being played. But they appear only 24% of the time when the researchers play the whistles traditionally used in a different country.
This makes it clear that the birds have learned what their human neighbors do when they want to partner up and go honey-hunting. “This is a very strong result which supports the idea that there’s a learning process involved,” says Wood.
But how do the birds learn It’s still unclear. What is clear is that this human-animal communication seems to benefit both parties, and it may go back many thousands of years. When the honeycomb is out, the birds get some of the beeswax, which they love to eat. And the human foragers get the honey—which is an enormously important food for the Hadza. Wood has calculated that the Hadza get about 10% of the calories in their annual diet with the help of the birds.
17. What does the underlined word “conspicuous” in Para.2mean
A. Eye-catching. B. Care-free. C. Naughty. D. Attractive.
18. What can we know about the birds
A. They are raised by humans. B. They help cut open the tree trunk.
C. They feed on honey as their annual diet. D. They can distinguish different whistles.
19. Which of the following can best describe the honey gathering
A. A complex dilemma. B. An unfair trade.
C. A double-edged sword. D. A win-win cooperation.
20. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. The familiar signal in the forest.
B. A talented expert in hunting the bees.
C. A wonderful guide to collecting honey.
D. The human-animal communication in Tanzania.
【答案】17. A 18. D 19. D 20. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一种将人类带到有蜂巢的树上的非洲野鸟似乎不知何故学会了住在它们附近的人类觅食者独特的口哨声和叫声，从而帮助人类和自己获得蜂蜜。
17. 词句猜测题。根据上文“With its noisy chattering sound(这只鸟叽叽喳喳叫得很响)”可知，响亮的叫声这只鸟引人注目，由此可知，conspicuous意为“引人注目的”。故选A。
18. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“It is found that the birds are more likely to show up when the familiar signal used by the locals is being broadcast. According to the research, the birds appear 82% of the time when Hadza whistles are being played. But they appear only 24% of the time when the researchers play the whistles traditionally used in a different country.(研究发现，当播放当地人熟悉的信号时，这些鸟更有可能出现。根据这项研究，当哈扎哨声响起时，这些鸟出现的几率为82%。但当研究人员吹响另一个国家传统上使用的哨子时，它们出现的几率只有24%。)”可知，这些鸟能够区分不同的哨声。故选D。
19. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“What is clear is that this human-animal communication seems to benefit both parties, and it may go back many thousands of years.(可以肯定的是，这种人类与动物之间的交流似乎对双方都有好处，而且这种交流可能可以追溯到几千年前。)”可知，这个采蜜的过程是一个双赢的合作。故选D。
20. 主旨大意题。文章讲述了一种将人类带到有蜂巢的树上的非洲野鸟似乎不知何故学会了住在它们附近的人类觅食者独特的口哨声和叫声，从而帮助人类和自己获得蜂蜜。由此可知，C项：A wonderful guide to collecting honey.(一个收集蜂蜜的好向导。)是最合适的标题。故选C。
（2024·广东湛江·统考一模）For the history of life on Earth, organisms have relied on the light of the sun, moon, and stars to find their way and schedule their lives. While the beginning of electric lighting in the late 19th century may have benefited humans, it has caused problems in the natural world. Among the impacts of artificial light at night(ALAN), light pollution lures migrating birds to cities with shocking consequences, contributes to the alarming decline in insect populations, and convinces sea turtle babies to amble(缓行)away from the water instead of towards it.
Now, a new study from the University of Plymouth adds another disappointing finding about how ALAN is affecting the creatures with whom we share the planet: Light pollution from coastal cities can trick corals(珊瑚)into reproducing outside of the optimum times when they would normally reproduce.
Using a combination of light pollution data and spawning(产卵)observations, researchers were able to show for the first time that corals exposed to ALAN are spawning one to three days earlier and closer to the full moon compared to those on unlit corals. “That shift may reduce the survival and fertilization success of gametes(配子)and genetic connectivity between nearby lit and unlit coral systems,” they explain.
“Corals are among the most biodiverse, economically important, and threatened ecosystems on the planet,” write the authors of the study.
“Climate change has led to mass bleaching(褪色)events. Habitat destruction, fisheries, and pollution have reduced corals substantially since the 1950s,” they write, adding, “The complete loss of corals is anticipated over the next 100 years.”
If we want to reduce the harm ALAN is causing, we could perhaps look to delay the switching-on of night-time lighting in coastal regions to ensure the natural dark period between sunset and moonrise when coral reproduction remains undisturbed.
21. Why is the first paragraph written
A. To present the topic of the text. B. To advocate energy conservation.
C. To explain a natural phenomenon. D. To provide background information.
22. What does the underlined word “optimum” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Possible. B. Appropriate. C. Flexible. D. Sensitive.
23. What is the researchers’ major concern over corals
A. Extinction. B. Losing value.
C. Terrible diseases. D. Exposure to moonlight.
24. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Creatures Rely on Natural Lights to Schedule Their Life
B. Night-time Lighting Shortens Natural Dark Period
C. Coastal Lights Trick Corals into Early Spawning
D. Light Pollution Leads to Serious Consequences
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了海滨城市的照明对珊瑚的影响。这些照明产生的光会使珊瑚比不受光污染的珊瑚产卵早，从而对其产生不利影响。
21. 推理判断题。根据第一段内容“For the history of life on Earth, organisms have relied on the light of the sun, moon, and stars to find their way and schedule their lives. While the beginning of electric lighting in the late 19th century may have benefited humans, it has caused problems in the natural world. Among the impacts of artificial light at night(ALAN), light pollution lures migrating birds to cities with shocking consequences, contributes to the alarming decline in insect populations, and convinces sea turtle babies to amble(缓行)away from the water instead of towards it.(在地球上生命的历史中，生物一直依靠太阳、月亮和星星的光来找到自己的路，安排自己的生活。虽然19世纪末开始的电灯可能给人类带来了好处，但它也给自然界带来了问题。在夜间人造光(ALAN)的影响中，光污染将候鸟吸引到城市，带来令人震惊的后果，导致昆虫数量惊人的下降，并使海龟宝宝远离水而不是靠近水。)”可知，文章第一段介绍了始于 19 世末的人造光源对自然产生的不好的影响，结合第二段“Now, a new study from the University of Plymouth adds another disappointing finding about how ALAN is affecting the creatures with whom we share the planet: Light pollution from coastal cities can trick corals(珊瑚)into reproducing outside of the optimum times when they would normally reproduce.(现在，普利茅斯大学的一项新研究增加了另一个令人失望的发现，即ALAN如何影响与我们共享地球的生物：沿海城市的光污染会诱使珊瑚在正常繁殖的最佳时间之外繁殖。)”讲述文章主题是阐述人造光对于珊瑚的危害可推断，第一段的目的是提出提供了背景信息。故选D。
22. 词句猜测题。分析句子可知，后面的定语从句“when they would normally reproduce(当它们正常繁殖的时候)”修饰the optimum time可知“the optimum times”指的是“珊瑚正常的繁殖时间”，所以画线词与appropriate“合适的，恰当的”。故选B。
23. 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中“The complete loss of corals is anticipated over the next 100 years.( 预计珊瑚将在未来100年内完全消失。)”可知，研究人员最大的担心是珊瑚的灭绝。故选A。
24. 主旨大意题。通读全文特别是第二段“Now, a new study from the University of Plymouth adds another disappointing finding about how ALAN is affecting the creatures with whom we share the planet: Light pollution from coastal cities can trick corals(珊瑚)into reproducing outside of the optimum times when they would normally reproduce.(现在，普利茅斯大学的一项新研究增加了另一个令人失望的发现，即ALAN如何影响与我们共享地球的生物：沿海城市的光污染会诱使珊瑚在正常繁殖的最佳时间之外繁殖。)”可知，本文主要介绍了海滨城市的照明对珊瑚的影响。这些照明产生的光会使珊瑚比不受光污染的珊瑚产卵早，从而对其产生不利影响，因此 C 项“海岸灯光诱使珊瑚提早产卵”为合适的标题。故选C。
（2024·重庆·校联考二模）It was the middle of third grade and I am not sure what had gotten into me. I lied for no reason at all and about the daffiest things. I lied that I had eaten all my dinner. I lied that I had brushed my teeth. My lies were not hurting anyone, but I felt the need to say things that were not so.
My parents tried everything to understand why I made up stuff. Was I looking for attention Maybe. I soon realized the new attention I was getting was horrible. I was labeled a liar and my parents did not trust me.
My sisters and I were invited to spend the weekend with my aunt. We all loved the times at Aunt Kim’s house because she spoiled us. She gave us the perfect food—hot dogs and cheese. She had cool pencils, erasers and other supplies that any young girl would love to have.
Then it happened... someone took one of Aunt Kim’s art pencils and drew across the entire top of the wall.When Aunt Kim discovered the destruction, all three of us were asked to confess(承认). Nobody did! She told us how disappointed she was and was on the phone with my parents. They were on their way to pick me up!
It had to be me! I was the liar. No amount of protesting could convince any of them that I had not committed the crime. I was taken home and sent to my room for the test of the day.
And then there was a knock at the front door! Aunt Kim was standing there. It turns out my younger sister finally felt guilty! She confessed that she was the one
Funny, I don’t even remember being mad at my sister. I learned a valuable lesson. No matter how big or small your lies, once you are labeled a liar, earning trust takes a lot of work and time. I promised myself right then I would be an honest person.
25. What does the underlined word “daffiest” mean in Paragraph 1
A. Cleverest B. Silliest C. Funniest. D. Ughest
26. What was my parents’ reaction to my lying
A. They didn’t put their trust in me. B. They were willing to believe me.
C. They didn’t love me anymore. D. They regretted to trust me.
27. What might happen to the author in the near future
A. She might hate her aunt. B. She would blame her sister.
C. She might leave her family. D. She would never lie again.
28. What did the author intend to express
A. A lie may take care of the present and future. B. We never know the love of the parents
C. To have a bad reputation is to be half hanged. D. Every family has its own source of shame.
【答案】25. B 26. A 27. D 28. C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者三年级的时候无缘无故说谎的故事。他被贴上了说谎者的标签，父母不再信任他。一天在阿姨家有人拿笔在整个墙头上画了个遍，没有人相信作者不是画画的人。最终作者明白到无论说谎的大小，一旦被贴上说谎者的标签，赢得信任需要很多时间和努力，因为作者发誓从此要成为一个诚实的人。
25. 词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的内容“ I lied that I had eaten all my dinner. I lied that I had brushed my teeth. My lies were not hurting anyone, but I felt the need to say things that were not so.(我撒谎说我吃完了所有的晚餐。我撒谎说我刷过牙了。我的谎言并没有伤害到任何人，但我觉得有必要说些不伤人的话。)”可知，作者在三年的时候，毫无理由的撒了一些最愚蠢的谎话即作者撒谎说自己吃完了所有的晚餐以及说自己刷过牙。故划线词与B选项“Silliest(最愚蠢的)”为同义词。故选B。
26. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“I was labeled a liar and my parents did not trust me.(我被贴上了骗子的标签，我的父母也不信任我。)”可知，因为作者总是撒谎，所以作者的父母不在相信作者。故选A。
27. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“No matter how big or small your lies, once you are labeled a liar, earning trust takes a lot of work and time. I promised myself right then I would be an honest person.(无论你的谎言有多大或多小，一旦你被贴上骗子的标签，赢得信任需要大量的工作和时间。从那时起，我向自己保证，我要做一个诚实的人。)”可知，作者认为无论谎言有多大或多小，一旦被贴上骗子的标签，赢得信任需要大量的工作和时间。从那时起，作者向自己保证，要做一个诚实的人。因此推断未来作者不会在撒谎。故选D。
28. 推理判断题。通读全文，文章讲述了作者三年级的时候无缘无故说谎的故事。他被贴上了说谎者的标签，父母不再信任他。一天在阿姨家有人拿笔在整个墙头上画了个遍，没有人相信作者不是画画的人。最终作者明白到无论说谎的大小，一旦被贴上说谎者的标签，赢得信任需要很多时间和努力，因为作者发誓从此要成为一个诚实的人。因为作者通过文章阐述的道理是有坏名声等于被绞死了一半即一定要诚实不要撒谎。故选C。
（2024·江西九江·校联考二模）A genetic change known as the Himalayan gene has made this breed’s fur extra sensitive to temperature — but also leaves them easy to get certain diseases.
With 73 cat breeds recognized by the International Cat Association, it can be difficult to discern a Ragdoll from a Ragamuffin. Most of us, though, can pick out a Siamese cat. Known for their dark eye masks, nose, and tail — called “points” that stand out against their cream-colored bodies and sparkling blue eyes, the Siamese is one of the world’s easily recognized breeds.
Those trademark points stem from a genetic change known as the Himalayan gene, which was discovered in the breed in 2005. This hidden gene; passed down from both parents, also gives the felines (猫科动物) temperature-sensitive fur that can change color.
In the mother’s body, Siamese kittens develop at temperatures of about 101 Fahrenheit, a cat’s normal temperature. Once born, all-white kittens eventually begin to cool at their extremities (端点), such as their tail, legs, ears , and face. These lower temperatures cause the Himalayan gene to activate the body’s melanin (黑色素), also found in people. That’s why a Siamese cat’s warmer bodies stay light, but their cooler parts become darker as they mature.
“You can see them change,” says Betsy Arnold, a vet who runs a cats-only practice in Rochester, New York, and started breeding Siamese when she was in her teens.
At about two weeks old, Arnold says, dark color begins to spread to their limbs. By about a month old, their final color emerges, which may be one of several varieties, among them blue point, lilac point, chocolate point, and seal point, which has a light, cream-colored coat with dark brown color on its paws, tail, nose, and ears.
29. What may the underlined part in paragraph 2 mean
A. Take care of those sick cats. B. Tell the difference between them.
C. Take them back to the rescuer center. D. Evaluate their health conditions.
30. Why is a Siamese cat easy to recognize from others
A. It stands out against other cream-colored cats. B. Its fur is sensitive to the temperature outside.
C. It has a genetic change — the Himalayan gene. D. Its extremities are all dark-colored with blue eyes.
31. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. The color change of a Siamese is a gradual process. B. An elderly Siamese can change its color.
C. A Siamese can only change its color to black. D. Siamese cats are sensitive to climate change.
32. What might be the best title for the article
A. How Siamese Cats Change Their Colors B. How a Mysterious Gene was Found in Nature
C. What Scientists Found in Himalaya D. Why a Siamese Cat Looks Strange
【答案】29. B 30. D 31. A 32. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了喜马拉雅基因导致暹罗猫四肢及尖端颜色变深的原理。
29. 词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句“With 73 cat breeds recognized by the International Cat Association, it can be difficult to...”（国际猫协认可的猫品种有73种，很难……）及第三句“Most of us, though, can pick out a Siamese cat.”（不过，我们大多数人都能认出暹罗猫。）可知，猫的品种很多，但暹罗猫因其独特的特点很容易辨认，故推知大部分猫都很难区分，故discern a Ragdoll from a Ragamuffin应表示“分辨它们之间的区别”。故选B项。
30. 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Known for their dark eye masks, nose, and tail — called “points” that stand out against their cream-colored bodies and sparkling blue eyes, the Siamese is one of the world’s easily recognized breeds.”（暹罗猫是世界上最容易识别的品种之一，它们以黑色眼周、鼻头和尾巴而闻名，被称为“斑点”，与它们奶油色的身体和闪闪发光的蓝眼睛相衬。）及第四段二三句“Once born, all-white kittens eventually begin to cool at their extremities, such as their tail, legs, ears , and face. These lower temperatures cause the Himalayan gene to activate the body’s melanin, also found in people.”（一旦出生，全白的小猫最终开始在他们的四肢端点，如他们的尾巴，腿，耳朵和脸变冷。这些较低的温度会使喜马拉雅基因激活体内的黑色素，这种基因也存在于人体内。）可知，由于喜马拉雅基因激活了暹罗猫体内的黑色素，导致其四肢及尖端黑色素沉淀，而眼睛是蓝色的。这种四肢和尖端都是深色但眼睛是蓝色的特色使其易于辨认。故选D项。
31. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“At about two weeks old, Arnold says, dark color begins to spread to their limbs. By about a month old, their final color emerges, which may be one of several varieties, among them blue point, lilac point, chocolate point, and seal point, which has a light, cream-colored coat with dark brown color on its paws, tail, nose, and ears.”（阿诺德说，大约两周大的时候，深色开始向四肢扩散。大约一个月大的时候，它们的最终颜色出现了，可能是几种颜色中的一种，其中有蓝点、丁香点、巧克力点和海豹点，它们有浅色的奶油色皮毛，爪子、尾巴、鼻子和耳朵是深棕色的。）可知，暹罗猫的颜色变化是一个渐进的过程，不是一蹴而就的。故选A项。
32. 主旨大意题。根据第四段二三句“Once born, all-white kittens eventually begin to cool at their extremities, such as their tail, legs, ears , and face. These lower temperatures cause the Himalayan gene to activate the body’s melanin, also found in people.”（一旦出生，全白的小猫最终开始在他们的四肢端点，如他们的尾巴，腿，耳朵和脸变冷。这些较低的温度会使喜马拉雅基因激活体内的黑色素，这种基因也存在于人体内。）及最后一段“At about two weeks old, Arnold says, dark color begins to spread to their limbs. By about a month old, their final color emerges, which may be one of several varieties, among them blue point, lilac point, chocolate point, and seal point, which has a light, cream-colored coat with dark brown color on its paws, tail, nose, and ears.”（阿诺德说，大约两周大的时候，深色开始向四肢扩散。大约一个月大的时候，它们的最终颜色出现了，可能是几种颜色中的一种，其中有蓝点、丁香点、巧克力点和海豹点，它们有浅色的奶油色皮毛，爪子、尾巴、鼻子和耳朵是深棕色的。）并结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了暹罗猫的体貌特征，及引起它体貌颜色变化的原因。故选A项。
（2024·安徽黄山·统考一模）My Ph.D. (博士学位) adviser had encouraged me to take a vacation. So I was sitting at an airport restaurant, when I received the email. It informed me I had failed my qualifying exam on my second attempt, which meant dismissal from the program. I knew things hadn’t gone perfectly. But I was still shocked. How was it possible that one exam could erase all my other successes and define me as unfit to be a scientist
I wasn’t sure what to expect when I started my Ph.D. program. As a first-generation college graduate, I didn’t have family members who could tell me what it was like. I had put in a lot of effort, but it didn’t seem to pay off during my first year.
I ended that year with increased confidence, eager to put my newfound knowledge into action. But my confidence took a plunge shortly thereafter, when I made my first attempt at the qualifying exam. I had never taken a presentation before, so the experience was terrifying. I stood in front of my exam committee.
Once it was over, my committee told me I’d conditionally passed, which meant I’d have one more chance. For the next 2 months, I did everything in my power to prepare. When the exam was over, I left the room feeling a mix of fear and relief. But those feelings changed to frustration the next day, after I learned I’d failed.
But soon, things started to change. After a series of meetings, faculty members (全体教师) decided to do away with the qualifying exam structure I’d struggled with. Students would be asked questions, so that faculty could learn more about their knowledge and provide constructive feedback.
As a result, I’m now back to working on the program. I try to stay focused on becoming the best scientist I can be. In the end, I am much more than that one-hour exam.
33. What was the author informed of in the email
A. His Ph.D. adviser would leave his program.
B. He was permitted to take a holiday to relax.
C. He didn’t perform well to pass the qualifying exam.
D. His research project had achieved remarkable results.
34. How did the author feel about his first year on the Ph.D. program
A. It was boring. B. It was hopeful. C. It was enjoyable. D. It was challenging.
35. What do the underlined words “took a plunge” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Paid off. B. Failed somebody. C. Experienced a decline. D. Continued to grow.
36. What can we learn about the change
A. Students would not be defined by one exam.
B. Students don’t need to attend qualifying exams.
C. Standards for qualified scientists have been simplified.
D. Students would be given special support from college.
【答案】33. C 34. D 35. C 36. A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己在攻读博士学位时，尽管经历很多次失败，但仍不气馁，始终意志坚定地坚持自己成为科学家的梦想。
33. 细节理解题。由文章第一段中“So I was sitting at an airport restaurant, when I received the email. It informed me I had failed my qualifying exam on my second attempt, which meant dismissal from the program. (当我收到这封邮件时，我正坐在机场的一家餐厅里。它告诉我，我在第二次考试中没有通过资格考试，这意味着我被除名了。)”可知，作者在电子邮件中得知自己表现不好，没能通过资格考试。故选C。
34. 推理判断题。由文章第二段中“I wasn’t sure what to expect when I started my Ph.D. program. As a first-generation college graduate, I didn’t have family members who could tell me what it was like. I had put in a lot of effort, but it didn’t seem to pay off during my first year. (当我开始攻读博士学位时，我不确定会发生什么。作为第一代大学毕业生，我没有家人能告诉我那是什么感觉。我付出了很多努力，但第一年似乎并没有得到回报。)”可知，作者认为自己博士项目的第一年很有挑战性。故选D。
35. 词句猜测题。由文章第三段中“I ended that year with increased confidence, eager to put my newfound knowledge into action (那一年结束了，我信心大增，渴望把我新学到的知识付诸行动。)”可知，一年结束作者信心大增，划线词前的But表示转折，因此推断画线句句意为：但此后不久，当我第一次尝试参加资格考试时，我的信心大跌。所以画线词的含义是“下降，衰退”。A. Paid off得到了回报；B. Failed somebody辜负了某人；C. Experienced a decline经历了衰退；D. Continued to grow持续增长。故选C。
36. 推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中“After a series of meetings, faculty members decided to do away with the qualifying exam structure I’d struggled with. Students would be asked questions, so that faculty could learn more about their knowledge and provide constructive feedback. (经过一系列的会议，教师们决定取消我一直纠结的资格考试结构。学生将被问及问题，这样教师就可以更多地了解他们的知识，并提供建设性的反馈。)”和最后一段中“I try to stay focused on becoming the best scientist I can be. In the end, I am much more than that one-hour exam. (我努力专注于成为我所能成为的最好的科学家。最后，我比那一个小时的考试要重要得多。)”可知，从作者的经历，我们可以得知学生不会被一次考试所定义。故选A。
（2024下·湖南·高三湖南师大附中校考阶段练习）Since we were kids, we’ve been taught the difference between good and evil. But the world is not black and white anymore, even in the realm of movies. Here are reasons why we’re so captured by those “bad guys”.
Villains (反派主角) are realistic. Studies have proven that we are more likely to sympathize with characters who are similar to us. Good guys are often portrayed in movies as nearly perfect, and it’s hard to relate to them. We all have our own imperfections and a dark side. So, villains are often more realistic than good guys are.
At the same time, modern antagonists aren’t 100% evil. They’re complex and troubled characters who have their own story. Everyone hates Dolores Umbridge from the Harry Potter movies because she’s unreasonably ill-natured. There’s no story and no logic behind her behavior. She’s just self-serving. But many antagonists actually have their point which we see, and often even accept. We see what they’re going through and what they’re thinking, and we can’t help but empathize with them.
We’re curious about them. Every time we see a person acting bad or weird, we want to know why. And that makes us eager to know more about them, about their past, and about what they’re even thinking. They’re controversial, and we like to analyze these characters and their actions. They’re not pure evil, and modern movies do a good job of emphasizing this. There’s something that made them evil or something that won’t let them be good. There’s some internal conflict constantly going on within the character that we just find fascinating.
Villains are unpredictable. We never know what will happen to the villain. And that makes us care about them during the whole story. It’s what gets us hooked on watching them through to the end. Also, you can’t predict their actions. There are not many options aside from the right thing to do for the hero. But there’re many absolutely crazy possibilities for the villain that we couldn’t come up with even in our wildest dreams. And this makes us interested in watching them.
37. According to paragraphs 2~3, why are we attracted by antagonists
A. They are unreasonably evil. B. They are easier to understand.
C. They actually behave morally. D. They are powerful and cool.
38. What can we infer from the 4th paragraph
A. Modern movies are good at beautifying villains.
B. Villains’ bright sides make us curious about them.
C. Hidden factors shape villains into the evil.
D. Evil arises when goodness is hidden.
39. What does the underlined phrase “hooked on” in paragraph 5 mean
A. Addicted to. B. Isolated from. C. Discouraged from. D. Distracted from.
40. What is the best title for the passage
A. Differences between Villains and Heroes
B. The Complexity of Villains
C. The Characteristics of Villains
D. The Attractions of Villains
【答案】37. B 38. C 39. A 40. D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了人们为什么更喜欢电影中的反派角色并介绍了反派角色吸引人的原因。
【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Studies have proven that we are more likely to sympathize with characters who are similar to us.(研究证明，我们更容易同情与自己相似的人)及“We all have our own imperfections and a dark side. So, villains are often more realistic than good guys are.”(我们都有自己的缺点和阴暗面。所以，反派往往比好人更现实)”可知，我们更容易被反派吸引是因为他们更容易理解，与我们产生共鸣。故选B项。
2. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“There’s something that made them evil or something that won’t let them be good. There’s some internal conflict constantly going on within the character that we just find fascinating.(有什么东西让他们变坏了，或者有什么东西不让他们变好。这个角色的内心冲突不断，我们觉得很吸引人)”可知，有一些内部的隐藏因素促使反派角色变坏。故选C项。
3. 词义猜测题。根据划线短语前一句“And that makes us care about them during the whole story.(这让我们在整个故事中都关心他们)”可知，我们很关注坏人在故事中的发展，再结合后文“watching them through to the end(看着他们走到最后)”可知，划线短语与Addicted to意思相近，表示“着迷于”。故选A项。
4. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“But the world is not black and white anymore, even in the realm of movies. Here are reasons why we’re so captured by those “bad guys”.(但即使在电影领域，世界也不再是非黑即白。以下是我们被这些“坏人”俘获的原因)”及下文内容可知，本文介绍了人们为什么更喜欢电影中的反派角色并介绍了反派角色吸引人的原因。D选项“反派的魅力”符合本文主旨。故选D项。
（2024·内蒙古赤峰·统考一模）The rainforests are alive with the sound of animals. Besides the pleasure of the noise, it is also useful to ecologists. If you want to measure the biodiversity of a piece of land, listening out for animal calls is much easier than searching in the undergrowth for tracks. But such “bioacoustics (生物声音的) analysis” is still time-consuming, and it requires an expert pair of ears.
In a paper published on October 17th, a group of researchers led by Jorg Müller, an ecologist at the University of Würzburg, describe a better way: have a computer do the job. Smartphone apps already exist that will identify birds, bats or mammals simply by listening to the sounds they make. Their idea was to apply the principle to conservation work.
The researchers took recordings from across 43 sites in the Ecuadorean rainforest. Some sites were relatively clean, old-growth forest. Others were areas that had recently been cleared for pasture or cacao planting. And some had been cleared but then abandoned, allowing the forest to regrow.
Sound recordings were taken four times every hour, over two weeks. The various calls were identified manually by an expert, and then used to construct a list of the species present. As expected, the longer the land had been free from agricultural activity, the greater the bio-diversity it hosted. Then it was the computer’s turn. The researchers fed their recordings to artificial intelligence models that had been trained, using sound samples from elsewhere in Ecuador, to identify 75 bird species from their calls. “We found that the AI tools could identify the sounds as well as the experts,” says Dr Müller.
Of course, not everything in a rain-forest makes a noise. Dr Müller and his colleagues used light-traps to capture night-flying insects, and DNA analysis to identify them. Reassuringly, they found that the diversity of noisy animals was a reliable indicator of the diversity of quieter ones, suggesting that this method could be used to monitor the effectiveness of reforestation projects.
The study, published in Nature Communications, could have implications beyond ecology. Companies such as L’Oreal and Shell have been investing in forest restoration projects worldwide. Dr Müller suggests that this automated approach could provide a standardized way to monitor these efforts and verify whether they are as successful as claimed.
41. What information does paragraph 1 provide about “bioacoustic analysis”
A. It requires special skill and time. B. It can only be performed on land.
C. It assesses biodiversity easily. D. It makes animal calls attractive.
42. What does “the job” underlined in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Describing how the research was conducted. B. Protecting the birds and mammals from danger.
C. Measuring the biodiversity of a piece of land. D. Monitoring how the smartphone works.
43. What can be inferred from paragraphs 4
A. Biodiversity can be enhanced by minimizing agricultural activities.
B. Both light-traps and sound recordings can be used to identify noisy animals.
C. The larger number of noisy animals, the smaller number of quieter ones.
D. Al tools could potentially be used to monitor agriculture development.
44. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Protect a Forest’s Inhabitants by Listening B. Identify the Calls of the Wild with AI Aid
C. Promote Rainforest Biodiversity Through AI D. Find a Way to Monitor Deforestation Situation
【答案】41. A 42. C 43. A 44. B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究人员发明了让计算机来进行动物声音识别的工作，解释了其工作原理以及应用情况。
41. 细节理解题。根据第一段“But such “bioacoustics (生物声音的) analysis” is still time-consuming, and it requires an expert pair of ears.(但是这种“生物声学分析”仍然很耗时，而且需要一双专业的耳朵)”可知，第一段提到了“生物声学分析”需要特殊的技巧和且耗时。故选A。
42. 词句猜测题。根据第一段“If you want to measure the biodiversity of a piece of land, listening out for animal calls is much easier than searching in the undergrowth for tracks. But such “bioacoustics (生物声音的) analysis” is still time-consuming, and it requires an expert pair of ears. (如果你想测量一块土地的生物多样性，听动物的叫声比在灌木丛中寻找足迹要容易得多。但是这种“生物声学分析”仍然很耗时，而且需要一双专业的耳朵)”可知，研究人员如今发现了更好的方法，那就是通过计算机来测量一块土地的生物多样性。故划线词指的是“测量一块土地的生物多样性”。故选C。
43. 推理判断题。根据第四段“As expected, the longer the land had been free from agricultural activity, the greater the bio-diversity it hosted.(正如预期的那样，土地远离农业活动的时间越长，它所承载的生物多样性就越大)”可知，生物多样性可以通过尽量减少农业活动来增强。故选A。
44. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“In a paper published on October 17th, a group of researchers led by Jorg Müller, an ecologist at the University of Würzburg, describe a better way: have a computer do the job. Smartphone apps already exist that will identify birds, bats or mammals simply by listening to the sounds they make. Their idea was to apply the principle to conservation work.(在10月17日发表的一篇论文中，由维尔茨堡大学的生态学家Jorg Müller领导的一组研究人员描述了一种更好的方法：让计算机来完成这项工作。智能手机应用程序已经可以通过简单地听鸟类、蝙蝠或哺乳动物发出的声音来识别它们。他们的想法是将这一原理应用于保护工作)”结合文章主要说明了研究人员发明了让计算机来进行动物声音识别的工作，解释了其工作原理以及应用情况。故B选项“用AI辅助识别野性的呼唤”最符合文章标题。故选B。
（2024下·陕西·高三校联考阶段练习）Jill Wright’s son, Harry, was a natural performer. From learning dance moves on TV at 18 months to winning a talent contest at seven, his love for the stage was evident early on. His talent led him to be a performer in The Book of Mormon on West End by 20. However, a tragic turn came when Harry was diagnosed with a brain tumor (肿瘤) and, after a brave battle, passed away in 2019, at the age of 25. His death upturned Wright’s life.
This year, at 61, Wright staged a show written by Harry, at St. Paul’s Church in his memory. After working for 40 years as a speech and language therapist (治疗专家) for children with special needs, she has switched careers to become a dresser, a move inspired by Harry’s own suggestions during his lifetime, as Wright made costumes for Harry throughout his childhood. Harry’s death allowed her to reflect and prepare for change.
However, the change wasn’t easy. For months, she sent her CV (简历) to theatres and productions to no avail. Finally, Wright’s persistence paid off when she received a job offer as a dresser for Les Misérables. Embracing her new role, she found joy and comfort in her work, dressing four performers and also providing emotional support. Now Wright works on eight shows over a six-day week and leaves the theatre at about 10: 45 pm after an evening performance, before returning home to Chingford, East London. The hours have given her a new understanding of the demanding life Harry once led.
Wright has experienced loss before. She was 22 when her husband, whom she had married two years earlier, died suddenly from a heart attack. These experiences have shaped her understanding and philosophy of life. “Life’s events and circumstances can pave the way for a new future. Even in our darkest days, there is a light to be found. Happiness and sadness can coexist in our daily lives,” Wright said.
45. What motivated Wright to change her career
A. The death of her husband. B. Emotional support from friends.
C. The influence and memory of Harry. D. A long desire to work in the theatre.
46. What does the underlined phrase “to no avail” mean
A. With great hope. B. With no outcome.
C. With considerable effort. D. With professional help.
47. What can we know about Wright from the last paragraph
A. She got married at the age of 20. B. She suffered from a heart attack.
C. Her husband affected her a lot. D. Her career met many challenges.
48. Which of the following can best describe Jill Wright
A. Gentle and outgoing. B. Talented and tough.
C. Sincere and thoughtful. D. Humorous and conservative.
【答案】45. C 46. B 47. A 48. B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，因儿子哈里生前的建议，61岁的吉尔·赖特转行成为了一名化妆师，到处投简历，最终收到了《悲惨世界》化妆师的工作邀请，她在工作中找到了快乐和安慰，对哈里曾经过的艰苦生活有了新的认识，她认为不愉快的经历塑造了她对生活的理解和哲学。
45. 细节理解题。由第二段中“After working for 40 years as a speech and language therapist (治疗专家) for children with special needs, she has switched careers to become a dresser, a move inspired by Harry’s own suggestions during his lifetime, as Wright made costumes for Harry throughout his childhood. Harry’s death allowed her to reflect and prepare for change. (在为有特殊需求的儿童做了40年的言语和语言治疗师后，她转行成为了一名化妆师，这一举动的灵感来自哈里生前的建议，因为赖特在哈里的整个童年都为他制作服装。哈里的死让她反思并为改变做准备)”可知，哈里的影响和对哈里的记忆促使赖特改变了她的职业生涯。故选C项。
46. 词句猜测题。由第三段中“However, the change wasn’t easy. For months, she sent her CV (简历) to theatres and productions to no avail. Finally, Wright’s persistence paid off when she received a job offer as a dresser for Les Misérables. (然而，转行并不容易。几个月来，她把自己的简历发给剧院和制片公司，to no avail。最后，赖特的坚持得到了回报，她收到了《悲惨世界》化妆师的工作邀请)”可知，转行并不容易，通过坚持不懈的努力才获得了工作邀请，说明一开始她到处投简历并没有收到（被录用的）结果，划线部分意为“没有结果（With no outcome）”。故选B项。
47. 细节理解题。由最后一段中“She was 22 when her husband, whom she had married two years earlier, died suddenly from a heart attack. (她22岁时，两年前结婚的丈夫突然死于心脏病发作)”可知，赖特20岁就结婚了。故选A项。
48. 推理判断题。由第一段中的“However, a tragic turn came when Harry was diagnosed with a brain tumor (肿瘤) and, after a brave battle, passed away in 2019, at the age of 25. (然而，悲剧的转折发生了，哈里被诊断出患有脑瘤，经过一场勇敢的战斗，于2019年去世，享年25岁)”，第二段中“After working for 40 years as a speech and language therapist (治疗专家) for children with special needs, she has switched careers to become a dresser, a move inspired by Harry’s own suggestions during his lifetime, as Wright made costumes for Harry throughout his childhood. Harry’s death allowed her to reflect and prepare for change. (在为有特殊需求的儿童做了40年的言语和语言治疗师后，她转行成为了一名化妆师，这一举动的灵感来自哈里生前的建议，因为赖特在哈里的整个童年都为他制作服装。哈里的死让她反思并为改变做准备)”，最后一段中“She was 22 when her husband, whom she had married two years earlier, died suddenly from a heart attack. (她22岁时，两年前结婚的丈夫突然死于心脏病发作)”和最后一段中“Life’s events and circumstances can pave the way for a new future. Even in our darkest days, there is a light to be found. Happiness and sadness can coexist in our daily lives (生活中的事件和环境可以为新的未来铺平道路。即使在我们最黑暗的日子里，也有光明可寻。幸福和悲伤可以在我们的日常生活中共存)”可知，61岁的吉尔·赖特早年丧夫，中年丧子，但仍保持积极心态，遵循儿子生前建议，从做了40年的言语和语言治疗师转行做化妆师，可得出她坚强又有才干。故选B项。
（2024下·重庆·高三重庆南开中学校考阶段练习）Dear Mr. Bran-son,
I truly love Virgin Atlantic, which is why I continue to choose your flights despite a series of unfortunate incidents over the last few years. This latest incident takes the biscuit, though. Mr. Bran-son, look at the mustard. It was intended to accompany mashed potato. However, here was more mustard than any person could handle in a mouthful. The potato masher had obviously broken, so it was decided the next best thing to do was pass the potatoes through the digestive system of a bird and blend it with “a bit” of mustard. Of course, Mr. Bran-son, everybody likes “a bit” of mustard.
By then, I felt a little sick, and I needed a sugar hit. Luckily, a small cookie was provided, but it appeared to be some sort of backstreet underground cookie. Imagine biting into a piece of metal, Mr. Bran-son. 2024年新高考英语二轮复习零失误规范训练【小题狂练】
专题13 阅读理解猜测词义题25篇100题(考情+妙招+模拟) 原卷版
技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货
一、近年高考考情
1.（2023 新高考I卷 C篇）29题
2.（2023 新高考II卷 C篇）30题
3.（2023 全国甲卷 B篇）24题
4.（2023 全国乙卷 B篇）24题
5.（2023 浙江1月卷 B篇）24题
6.（2023 浙江1月卷 B篇）29题
7.（2022 新高考I卷 C篇）30题
8.（2022 新高考II卷 C篇）30题
9.（2022 全国甲卷 B篇）28题
10.（2021 新高考I卷 C篇）30题
11.（2021 新高考II卷 C篇）30题
12.（2021 全国甲卷 B篇）29题
二、解题小妙招
猜词词义小策略
在阅读理解中，通常通过信息指代类的题目考查考生对于上下文衔接关系以及文章基本结构的把握。信息指代类题目在高考英语中有两种:名词(短语)指代题和代词指代题。本专题我们就如何解答名词(短语)指代题进行相关技巧的点拨。
解答名词(短语)指代题时，可以按照如下步骤进行:
1.定位：返回原文，找出名词(短语)所在句;
2.代入：将四个选项代入该名词(短语)，看意思是否通顺;
3.匹配：联系上下文，读懂相关句子的含义，进一步分析四个选项，选出符合上下文语境的最佳答案。
猜词词义思维导图
猜词词义小技巧
1.利用释义法猜词
在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。
2.利用构词法猜词
英语单词可以通过添加词缀、合成或转化的方式构成新词或生成新的词义。同学们要熟记一定数量的词根、前缀和后缀，从而达到通过“解剖”一个单词，对一个生词能够“望文生义”的效果。
3.利用因果关系猜词
若画线单词或短语前后句子之间构成因果关系，那我们便可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推知单词或短语的意义。因果关系的语境通常由because, so, thus, therefore, as a result of, so that, so/such...that...等标志词体现。
4.利用对比关系猜词
运用转折对比描述事物或现象是写作时常用的一种手法，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，抓住这些信号词，结合上下文意，我们就能够快速推测出词义。体现对比关系的词语很多，常见的有but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead of, on the other hand, rather than, on the contrary等。
5.利用语境法解题
有些猜测词义句意题找不到以上标志或线索，我们可以利用上下文提供的语境进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义句意。
6.利用同义关系解题
画线单词或短语前后有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时我们可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。常见的表示同义关系的词或短语有and, or, like, as well, similarly, too, also, either等。
7.利用生活常识解题
在仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系和语境无法猜出词义时，我们可以借助生活经验和普通常识确定词义。
代词如何猜测？
在语篇中有时为了避免重复提及某一个词或者短语，常常用指代词表示，如:要求考生指出代词it，they，one等的指代对象。指代词起连接语篇的作用，它能体现出语篇中各句子之间的逻辑关系。解题时需要做到:
1.原文定位：返回原文，找出指代词。
2.左顾右盼：找与其最接近的名词，名词性词组或句子（90%以上都是往前找答案）。
3.替换验证：替换该指代词，看逻辑是否通顺，范围是否一致。
三、零失误小妙招
1.做题留痕，依据题干在原文圈划答题区间；
2.划掉错项，去伪存真，快速作答提升效率；
3.错题反思，专用笔记本记录错因举一反三。
模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！
（2024·江苏南通·统考模拟预测）“I am so sorry,” I tearfully said to my principal investigator (PI), explaining I would not be able to return to work as originally planned. Before I became a parent, I had assumed a baby would fit right into my academic plans. But now, as the end of my leave approached, I realized I couldn’t simply carry on as I always had. I was worried this decision might signal the end of my academic career-but I felt I had no other choice.
Thankfully, my PI had more foresight. He told me I didn’t need to resign and that he could offer me a contract that would allow me to contribute to our project from afar. It proved to be an absolute career lifeline tailored to me.
Then five years after stepping back from academia, I felt ready to re-enter more fully. Because I had been able to keep my hand in during my time away, the prospect was much less dauntingthan it would have been otherwise. I ended up landing a lecturer position that allowed me to slowly ease back in, focusing on teaching and scholarship with research taking a back seat. And when, 4 years on, a senior lectureship position came up in the very group I had left a decade earlier, the timing was right. With both of my children in “big school,” I was ready to really put my foot down on the career accelerator. I got the job.
Now, 6 months into my new role, I am happy to be right where it all began, with involvement in so many interesting projects. But what truly made the difference for me was the offer of what I needed during that time away. I hope more institutions and PIs can come up with creative provisions for those in their workforce who don’t want to give up their careers but want-or-need to take extended periods of leave. And to those who are taking such breaks, or considering it, know that returning is possible. Above all, on both sides: Please do not discount extended leavers. We have a lot to offer — if we are given the chance.
1. What can we learn about the author from the first paragraph
A. She chose to sacrifice her family for her career.
B. Her path to PI began when she became a parent.
C. She struck a balance between work and family.
D. She had intended to stick to her academic plans.
2. What does the underlined word “daunting” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Realistic. B. Scary. C. Unlikely. D. Attractive.
3. What contributed most to her success according to the author
A. Supportive work environment. B. Academic researches.
C. Involvement in engaging projects. D. Interest in the projects.
4. What’s the author’s purpose of writing the passage
A. To analyze. B. To entertain. C. To promote. D. To report.
（2024下·山东菏泽·高三山东省东明县第一中学校考开学考试）Using fatty foods to comfort eat during times of stress can harm the body’s recovery from the pressure, research suggests.
Although many people turn to unhealthy foods such as chocolate, crisps or pastries when they are feeling the strain, researchers have found this can reduce blood flow to the brain and cause poorer vascular (血管的) function, which in turn can have a negative effect on mental health and increase the risk of heart disease. The researchers suggest people resist the attraction of convenient treats by eating fruits and vegetables instead.
Prof Jet Veldhuijzen van Zanten said, “We looked at healthy 18- to 30-year-olds for this study, and to see such a clear difference in how their bodies recover from stress when they eat fatty foods is staggering.” For people who already have an increased risk of cardiovascular (心血管) disease, the impacts could be even more serious. We all deal with stress all the time, but especially for those of us in high-stress jobs and at risk of cardiovascular disease, these findings should be taken seriously. This research can help us make decisions that reduce risks rather than make them worse.
The study involved a group of young healthy adults who were given two butter bread as breakfast. The participants were then asked to do mental maths, increasing in speed for eight minutes, and alerted when they got an answer wrong. They could also see themselves on a screen.
The researchers found that consuming fatty foods when mentally stressed reduced vascular function by 1.74%. Previous studies have shown that a 1% reduction in vascular function leads to a 13% increase in cardiovascular disease risk.
“We also know that the elasticity (弹性) of our blood tubes, which is a measure of vascular function, declines following mental stress,” said the study’s first author, Rosalind Baynham from the University of Birmingham.
5. What’s the finding of the research
A. Why people like fatty foods.
B. How people recover from stress.
C. What people should eat to keep fit.
D. Eating fatty foods when stressed is bad for health.
6. What suggestion is given to decrease the risk of heart disease
A. Seeking low-stress jobs. B. Dining out in clean restaurants.
C. Examining your body regularly. D. Eating more fruits and vegetables.
7. What does the underlined word “staggering” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Disappointing. B. Shocking.
C. Confusing. D. Exciting.
8. Where is the text probably taken from
A. A magazine. B. A textbook.
C. A science fiction. D. A recipe book.
（2023上·浙江绍兴·高二统考期末）Flash droughts (突发性干旱) develop fast, and when they hit at the wrong time, they can ruin a region’s agriculture. They are also becoming increasingly common as the planet warms. In a study published in the journal Communication Earth &Environment, we found that the risk of flash droughts, which can develop in a few weeks, is on pace to rise in every major agricultural region around the world in the coming decades.
In North America and Europe, cropland that had a 32% annual chance of a flash drought a few years ago could have a greater chance of a flash drought by the final decades of this century. That result would put food production, energy, and water supplies under increasing pressure. The cost of ravage will also rise. A flash drought in the Dakotas and Montana in 2017 caused $2.6 billion in agricultural damage in America alone.
All droughts begin when rainfall stops. What’s interesting about flash droughts is how fast they reinforce themselves, with some help from the warming climate. When the weather is hot and dry, soil loses water rapidly. Dry air extracts moisture from the land, and rising temperature can increase this evaporative demand. The lack of rain during a flash drought can further contribute to the feedback processes. Under these conditions, crops and vegetation begin to die much more quickly than they do during typical long-term droughts.
In our study, we used climate models and data from the past 170 years to assess the drought risks ahead under three conditions for how quickly the world takes action to slow the pace of global warming. If greenhouse gas emissions (排放物) from vehicles, power plants, and other human sources continue at a high rate, we found that cropland in much of North America and Europe would have a 53% annual chance of flash droughts, respectively, by the final decades of this century. Globally, the largest projected increases in flash droughts would be in Europe and the Amazon. Slowing emissions can reduce the risk significantly, but we found flash droughts would still increase by about 6% worldwide under low-emission conditions.
9. Why is the flash drought a concern
A. It often develops and strikes unexpectedly. B. It does go hand in hand with rainfall.
C. It can be destructive to regional agriculture. D. Its chance has increased dramatically.
10. What does the underlined word “ravage” mean in paragraph 2
A. Control. B. Assessment. C. Production. D. Damage.
11. Which of the following is a direct contributor to flash droughts
A. The constant rainfall. B. The increasing food demand.
C. The warming planet. D. The fast pace of modern life.
12. What can be done to reduce the drought risks according to the last paragraph
A. To cut down on carbon footprint. B. To evaluate the risks regularly.
C. To study climate models and data. D. To monitor weather condition.
（2023上·河北·高三校联考开学考试）In September 2005, the ground suddenly sank 10 feet in a certain area in northern Ethiopia, rapidly separated on both sides, with large holes that could engulf several camels and several goats. In the next three weeks, 160 earthquakes occurred in this area, forming a large crack 25 feet wide and approximately 0.34 miles long.
Tim Wright, a geophysicist at the University of Leeds in England, used satellite radar data to accurately piece together the formation process of this crack. When the African and Arab tectonic plates drift to both sides, the crust between the two plates weakens. Wright said: “The magma (岩浆) formed at the bottom of the crust will drop down regularly, just like the Lava lamp, forming a ‘balloon’, which will gradually expand. When the ‘balloon’ reaches the critical pressure, it will explode.”
According to Wright’s estimate, in the next 1 million years or so, the cracks will continue to expand, and the Horn of Africa will completely detach from the African continent, forming the eighth largest continent on Earth—East Africa. Wright said that this geological process always occurs, but ground separating usually only occur at the bottom of the sea, which is difficult for people to see. He said, “This is the first time we have directly observed this extremely important geological process using modern instruments.”
This discovery caused a shocking in the scientific community. In 2006, inspection teams from the UK, France, Italy, and the United States came to Afar one after another. After analysis and research, they predicted that a new continent would be formed in one million years, the Great Rift Valley in East Africa would be 10 times longer than it is today, and the Cape of Good Hope in East Africa would be separated from the African continent. In response, American geologist Cindy Ebinger said, “Many people believe that violent geological phenomena only occurred in distant ancient times, but we can now see them happening.”
What is the future of the Great Rift Valley Perhaps our humans can only wait and see.
13. What is the purpose of the data in the first paragraph
A. Describe economic losses B. Illustrate the impact of sinking
C. Explain the research results D. Number of participants named for the study
14. Why does the author take the Lava lamp as an example in the second paragraph
A. To better explain plate splitting B. Further increase research funny
C. Explain satellite radar data D. Causing a shock in the scientific community
15. Which of the following may be the best explanation for the underlined word “detach”
A. sink B. destroy C. contribute D. divide
16. Which of the following statement is true according to the passage
A. The ground in Ethiopia sank and swallowed 160 camels.
B. Ground cracking rarely occurs on the seabed.
C. Teams from four countries predict there will be eight continents in one million years.
D. Intense geological phenomena only occur in distant ancient times.
（2024·广东汕头·统考一模）A wild African bird that will lead people to trees with honeycomb (蜂巢) seems to somehow learn the distinct whistles and calls of the human foragers (觅食者) who live near them.
This bird species has far more information about what the bees are doing than humans ever could. In Tanzania, Hadza foragers can use a special whistle to attract this bird, which will then fly down and start leading them to honey. With its noisy chattering sound, the bird is very conspicuous. Once the bird arrives at a tree with honey inside, it will rest near the beehive silently, seemingly not to disturb the bees. “That’s the signal to the Hadza to really start searching,” says Brian Wood, an anthropologist at University of California, Los Angeles. Pretty soon, the foragers will locate the hive and cut open the tree trunk.
It is found that the birds are more likely to show up when the familiar signal used by the locals is being broadcast. According to the research, the birds appear 82% of the time when Hadza whistles are being played. But they appear only 24% of the time when the researchers play the whistles traditionally used in a different country.
This makes it clear that the birds have learned what their human neighbors do when they want to partner up and go honey-hunting. “This is a very strong result which supports the idea that there’s a learning process involved,” says Wood.
But how do the birds learn It’s still unclear. What is clear is that this human-animal communication seems to benefit both parties, and it may go back many thousands of years. When the honeycomb is out, the birds get some of the beeswax, which they love to eat. And the human foragers get the honey—which is an enormously important food for the Hadza. Wood has calculated that the Hadza get about 10% of the calories in their annual diet with the help of the birds.
17. What does the underlined word “conspicuous” in Para.2mean
A. Eye-catching. B. Care-free. C. Naughty. D. Attractive.
18. What can we know about the birds
A. They are raised by humans. B. They help cut open the tree trunk.
C. They feed on honey as their annual diet. D. They can distinguish different whistles.
19. Which of the following can best describe the honey gathering
A. A complex dilemma. B. An unfair trade.
C. A double-edged sword. D. A win-win cooperation.
20. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. The familiar signal in the forest.
B. A talented expert in hunting the bees.
C. A wonderful guide to collecting honey.
D. The human-animal communication in Tanzania.
（2024·广东湛江·统考一模）For the history of life on Earth, organisms have relied on the light of the sun, moon, and stars to find their way and schedule their lives. While the beginning of electric lighting in the late 19th century may have benefited humans, it has caused problems in the natural world. Among the impacts of artificial light at night(ALAN), light pollution lures migrating birds to cities with shocking consequences, contributes to the alarming decline in insect populations, and convinces sea turtle babies to amble(缓行)away from the water instead of towards it.
Now, a new study from the University of Plymouth adds another disappointing finding about how ALAN is affecting the creatures with whom we share the planet: Light pollution from coastal cities can trick corals(珊瑚)into reproducing outside of the optimum times when they would normally reproduce.
Using a combination of light pollution data and spawning(产卵)observations, researchers were able to show for the first time that corals exposed to ALAN are spawning one to three days earlier and closer to the full moon compared to those on unlit corals. “That shift may reduce the survival and fertilization success of gametes(配子)and genetic connectivity between nearby lit and unlit coral systems,” they explain.
“Corals are among the most biodiverse, economically important, and threatened ecosystems on the planet,” write the authors of the study.
“Climate change has led to mass bleaching(褪色)events. Habitat destruction, fisheries, and pollution have reduced corals substantially since the 1950s,” they write, adding, “The complete loss of corals is anticipated over the next 100 years.”
If we want to reduce the harm ALAN is causing, we could perhaps look to delay the switching-on of night-time lighting in coastal regions to ensure the natural dark period between sunset and moonrise when coral reproduction remains undisturbed.
21. Why is the first paragraph written
A. To present the topic of the text. B. To advocate energy conservation.
C. To explain a natural phenomenon. D. To provide background information.
22. What does the underlined word “optimum” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Possible. B. Appropriate. C. Flexible. D. Sensitive.
23. What is the researchers’ major concern over corals
A. Extinction. B. Losing value.
C. Terrible diseases. D. Exposure to moonlight.
24. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Creatures Rely on Natural Lights to Schedule Their Life
B. Night-time Lighting Shortens Natural Dark Period
C. Coastal Lights Trick Corals into Early Spawning
D. Light Pollution Leads to Serious Consequences
（2024·重庆·校联考二模）It was the middle of third grade and I am not sure what had gotten into me. I lied for no reason at all and about the daffiest things. I lied that I had eaten all my dinner. I lied that I had brushed my teeth. My lies were not hurting anyone, but I felt the need to say things that were not so.
My parents tried everything to understand why I made up stuff. Was I looking for attention Maybe. I soon realized the new attention I was getting was horrible. I was labeled a liar and my parents did not trust me.
My sisters and I were invited to spend the weekend with my aunt. We all loved the times at Aunt Kim’s house because she spoiled us. She gave us the perfect food—hot dogs and cheese. She had cool pencils, erasers and other supplies that any young girl would love to have.
Then it happened... someone took one of Aunt Kim’s art pencils and drew across the entire top of the wall.When Aunt Kim discovered the destruction, all three of us were asked to confess(承认). Nobody did! She told us how disappointed she was and was on the phone with my parents. They were on their way to pick me up!
It had to be me! I was the liar. No amount of protesting could convince any of them that I had not committed the crime. I was taken home and sent to my room for the test of the day.
And then there was a knock at the front door! Aunt Kim was standing there. It turns out my younger sister finally felt guilty! She confessed that she was the one
Funny, I don’t even remember being mad at my sister. I learned a valuable lesson. No matter how big or small your lies, once you are labeled a liar, earning trust takes a lot of work and time. I promised myself right then I would be an honest person.
25. What does the underlined word “daffiest” mean in Paragraph 1
A. Cleverest B. Silliest C. Funniest. D. Ughest
26. What was my parents’ reaction to my lying
A. They didn’t put their trust in me. B. They were willing to believe me.
C. They didn’t love me anymore. D. They regretted to trust me.
27. What might happen to the author in the near future
A. She might hate her aunt. B. She would blame her sister.
C. She might leave her family. D. She would never lie again.
28. What did the author intend to express
A. A lie may take care of the present and future. B. We never know the love of the parents
C. To have a bad reputation is to be half hanged. D. Every family has its own source of shame.
（2024·江西九江·校联考二模）A genetic change known as the Himalayan gene has made this breed’s fur extra sensitive to temperature — but also leaves them easy to get certain diseases.
With 73 cat breeds recognized by the International Cat Association, it can be difficult to discern a Ragdoll from a Ragamuffin. Most of us, though, can pick out a Siamese cat. Known for their dark eye masks, nose, and tail — called “points” that stand out against their cream-colored bodies and sparkling blue eyes, the Siamese is one of the world’s easily recognized breeds.
Those trademark points stem from a genetic change known as the Himalayan gene, which was discovered in the breed in 2005. This hidden gene; passed down from both parents, also gives the felines (猫科动物) temperature-sensitive fur that can change color.
In the mother’s body, Siamese kittens develop at temperatures of about 101 Fahrenheit, a cat’s normal temperature. Once born, all-white kittens eventually begin to cool at their extremities (端点), such as their tail, legs, ears , and face. These lower temperatures cause the Himalayan gene to activate the body’s melanin (黑色素), also found in people. That’s why a Siamese cat’s warmer bodies stay light, but their cooler parts become darker as they mature.
“You can see them change,” says Betsy Arnold, a vet who runs a cats-only practice in Rochester, New York, and started breeding Siamese when she was in her teens.
At about two weeks old, Arnold says, dark color begins to spread to their limbs. By about a month old, their final color emerges, which may be one of several varieties, among them blue point, lilac point, chocolate point, and seal point, which has a light, cream-colored coat with dark brown color on its paws, tail, nose, and ears.
29. What may the underlined part in paragraph 2 mean
A. Take care of those sick cats. B. Tell the difference between them.
C. Take them back to the rescuer center. D. Evaluate their health conditions.
30. Why is a Siamese cat easy to recognize from others
A. It stands out against other cream-colored cats. B. Its fur is sensitive to the temperature outside.
C. It has a genetic change — the Himalayan gene. D. Its extremities are all dark-colored with blue eyes.
31. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. The color change of a Siamese is a gradual process. B. An elderly Siamese can change its color.
C. A Siamese can only change its color to black. D. Siamese cats are sensitive to climate change.
32. What might be the best title for the article
A. How Siamese Cats Change Their Colors B. How a Mysterious Gene was Found in Nature
C. What Scientists Found in Himalaya D. Why a Siamese Cat Looks Strange
（2024·安徽黄山·统考一模）My Ph.D. (博士学位) adviser had encouraged me to take a vacation. So I was sitting at an airport restaurant, when I received the email. It informed me I had failed my qualifying exam on my second attempt, which meant dismissal from the program. I knew things hadn’t gone perfectly. But I was still shocked. How was it possible that one exam could erase all my other successes and define me as unfit to be a scientist
I wasn’t sure what to expect when I started my Ph.D. program. As a first-generation college graduate, I didn’t have family members who could tell me what it was like. I had put in a lot of effort, but it didn’t seem to pay off during my first year.
I ended that year with increased confidence, eager to put my newfound knowledge into action. But my confidence took a plunge shortly thereafter, when I made my first attempt at the qualifying exam. I had never taken a presentation before, so the experience was terrifying. I stood in front of my exam committee.
Once it was over, my committee told me I’d conditionally passed, which meant I’d have one more chance. For the next 2 months, I did everything in my power to prepare. When the exam was over, I left the room feeling a mix of fear and relief. But those feelings changed to frustration the next day, after I learned I’d failed.
But soon, things started to change. After a series of meetings, faculty members (全体教师) decided to do away with the qualifying exam structure I’d struggled with. Students would be asked questions, so that faculty could learn more about their knowledge and provide constructive feedback.
As a result, I’m now back to working on the program. I try to stay focused on becoming the best scientist I can be. In the end, I am much more than that one-hour exam.
33. What was the author informed of in the email
A. His Ph.D. adviser would leave his program.
B. He was permitted to take a holiday to relax.
C. He didn’t perform well to pass the qualifying exam.
D. His research project had achieved remarkable results.
34. How did the author feel about his first year on the Ph.D. program
A. It was boring. B. It was hopeful. C. It was enjoyable. D. It was challenging.
35. What do the underlined words “took a plunge” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Paid off. B. Failed somebody. C. Experienced a decline. D. Continued to grow.
36. What can we learn about the change
A. Students would not be defined by one exam.
B. Students don’t need to attend qualifying exams.
C. Standards for qualified scientists have been simplified.
D. Students would be given special support from college.
（2024下·湖南·高三湖南师大附中校考阶段练习）Since we were kids, we’ve been taught the difference between good and evil. But the world is not black and white anymore, even in the realm of movies. Here are reasons why we’re so captured by those “bad guys”.
Villains (反派主角) are realistic. Studies have proven that we are more likely to sympathize with characters who are similar to us. Good guys are often portrayed in movies as nearly perfect, and it’s hard to relate to them. We all have our own imperfections and a dark side. So, villains are often more realistic than good guys are.
At the same time, modern antagonists aren’t 100% evil. They’re complex and troubled characters who have their own story. Everyone hates Dolores Umbridge from the Harry Potter movies because she’s unreasonably ill-natured. There’s no story and no logic behind her behavior. She’s just self-serving. But many antagonists actually have their point which we see, and often even accept. We see what they’re going through and what they’re thinking, and we can’t help but empathize with them.
We’re curious about them. Every time we see a person acting bad or weird, we want to know why. And that makes us eager to know more about them, about their past, and about what they’re even thinking. They’re controversial, and we like to analyze these characters and their actions. They’re not pure evil, and modern movies do a good job of emphasizing this. There’s something that made them evil or something that won’t let them be good. There’s some internal conflict constantly going on within the character that we just find fascinating.
Villains are unpredictable. We never know what will happen to the villain. And that makes us care about them during the whole story. It’s what gets us hooked on watching them through to the end. Also, you can’t predict their actions. There are not many options aside from the right thing to do for the hero. But there’re many absolutely crazy possibilities for the villain that we couldn’t come up with even in our wildest dreams. And this makes us interested in watching them.
37. According to paragraphs 2~3, why are we attracted by antagonists
A. They are unreasonably evil. B. They are easier to understand.
C. They actually behave morally. D. They are powerful and cool.
38. What can we infer from the 4th paragraph
A. Modern movies are good at beautifying villains.
B. Villains’ bright sides make us curious about them.
C. Hidden factors shape villains into the evil.
D. Evil arises when goodness is hidden.
39. What does the underlined phrase “hooked on” in paragraph 5 mean
A. Addicted to. B. Isolated from. C. Discouraged from. D. Distracted from.
40. What is the best title for the passage
A. Differences between Villains and Heroes
B. The Complexity of Villains
C. The Characteristics of Villains
D. The Attractions of Villains
（2024·内蒙古赤峰·统考一模）The rainforests are alive with the sound of animals. Besides the pleasure of the noise, it is also useful to ecologists. If you want to measure the biodiversity of a piece of land, listening out for animal calls is much easier than searching in the undergrowth for tracks. But such “bioacoustics (生物声音的) analysis” is still time-consuming, and it requires an expert pair of ears.
In a paper published on October 17th, a group of researchers led by Jorg Müller, an ecologist at the University of Würzburg, describe a better way: have a computer do the job. Smartphone apps already exist that will identify birds, bats or mammals simply by listening to the sounds they make. Their idea was to apply the principle to conservation work.
The researchers took recordings from across 43 sites in the Ecuadorean rainforest. Some sites were relatively clean, old-growth forest. Others were areas that had recently been cleared for pasture or cacao planting. And some had been cleared but then abandoned, allowing the forest to regrow.
Sound recordings were taken four times every hour, over two weeks. The various calls were identified manually by an expert, and then used to construct a list of the species present. As expected, the longer the land had been free from agricultural activity, the greater the bio-diversity it hosted. Then it was the computer’s turn. The researchers fed their recordings to artificial intelligence models that had been trained, using sound samples from elsewhere in Ecuador, to identify 75 bird species from their calls. “We found that the AI tools could identify the sounds as well as the experts,” says Dr Müller.
Of course, not everything in a rain-forest makes a noise. Dr Müller and his colleagues used light-traps to capture night-flying insects, and DNA analysis to identify them. Reassuringly, they found that the diversity of noisy animals was a reliable indicator of the diversity of quieter ones, suggesting that this method could be used to monitor the effectiveness of reforestation projects.
The study, published in Nature Communications, could have implications beyond ecology. Companies such as L’Oreal and Shell have been investing in forest restoration projects worldwide. Dr Müller suggests that this automated approach could provide a standardized way to monitor these efforts and verify whether they are as successful as claimed.
41. What information does paragraph 1 provide about “bioacoustic analysis”
A. It requires special skill and time. B. It can only be performed on land.
C. It assesses biodiversity easily. D. It makes animal calls attractive.
42. What does “the job” underlined in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Describing how the research was conducted. B. Protecting the birds and mammals from danger.
C. Measuring the biodiversity of a piece of land. D. Monitoring how the smartphone works.
43. What can be inferred from paragraphs 4
A. Biodiversity can be enhanced by minimizing agricultural activities.
B. Both light-traps and sound recordings can be used to identify noisy animals.
C. The larger number of noisy animals, the smaller number of quieter ones.
D. Al tools could potentially be used to monitor agriculture development.
44. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Protect a Forest’s Inhabitants by Listening B. Identify the Calls of the Wild with AI Aid
C. Promote Rainforest Biodiversity Through AI D. Find a Way to Monitor Deforestation Situation
（2024下·陕西·高三校联考阶段练习）Jill Wright’s son, Harry, was a natural performer. From learning dance moves on TV at 18 months to winning a talent contest at seven, his love for the stage was evident early on. His talent led him to be a performer in The Book of Mormon on West End by 20. However, a tragic turn came when Harry was diagnosed with a brain tumor (肿瘤) and, after a brave battle, passed away in 2019, at the age of 25. His death upturned Wright’s life.
This year, at 61, Wright staged a show written by Harry, at St. Paul’s Church in his memory. After working for 40 years as a speech and language therapist (治疗专家) for children with special needs, she has switched careers to become a dresser, a move inspired by Harry’s own suggestions during his lifetime, as Wright made costumes for Harry throughout his childhood. Harry’s death allowed her to reflect and prepare for change.
However, the change wasn’t easy. For months, she sent her CV (简历) to theatres and productions to no avail. Finally, Wright’s persistence paid off when she received a job offer as a dresser for Les Misérables. Embracing her new role, she found joy and comfort in her work, dressing four performers and also providing emotional support. Now Wright works on eight shows over a six-day week and leaves the theatre at about 10: 45 pm after an evening performance, before returning home to Chingford, East London. The hours have given her a new understanding of the demanding life Harry once led.
Wright has experienced loss before. She was 22 when her husband, whom she had married two years earlier, died suddenly from a heart attack. These experiences have shaped her understanding and philosophy of life. “Life’s events and circumstances can pave the way for a new future. Even in our darkest days, there is a light to be found. Happiness and sadness can coexist in our daily lives,” Wright said.
45. What motivated Wright to change her career
A. The death of her husband. B. Emotional support from friends.
C. The influence and memory of Harry. D. A long desire to work in the theatre.
46. What does the underlined phrase “to no avail” mean
A. With great hope. B. With no outcome.
C. With considerable effort. D. With professional help.
47. What can we know about Wright from the last paragraph
A. She got married at the age of 20. B. She suffered from a heart attack.
C. Her husband affected her a lot. D. Her career met many challenges.
48. Which of the following can best describe Jill Wright
A. Gentle and outgoing. B. Talented and tough.
C. Sincere and thoughtful. D. Humorous and conservative.
（2024下·重庆·高三重庆南开中学校考阶段练习）Dear Mr. Bran-son,
I truly love Virgin Atlantic, which is why I continue to choose your flights despite a series of unfortunate incidents over the last few years. This latest incident takes the biscuit, though. Mr. Bran-son, look at the mustard. It was intended to accompany mashed potato. However, here was more mustard than any person could handle in a mouthful. The potato masher had obviously broken, so it was decided the next best thing to do was pass the potatoes through the digestive system of a bird and blend it with “a bit” of mustard. Of course, Mr. Bran-son, everybody likes “a bit” of mustard.
By then, I felt a little sick, and I needed a sugar hit. Luckily, a small cookie was provided, but it appeared to be some sort of backstreet underground cookie. Imagine biting into a piece of metal, Mr. Bran-son. That would be softer on the teeth than this one.
Exhausted and starving, I decided to resort to your world-famous onboard entertainment, so I switched on the screen. Guess what It was incredibly hard to capture Boris Johnson’s face through the flickering white lines running up and down the screen. I’d had enough, but my only option was to simply stare at the seat and wait for either food or sleep. Neither came for an incredibly long time.
So that was that. As I said at the start, I love your brand. It’s just a shame that such a simple thing could bring it crashing to its knees and begging for food.
Best regards,
Oliver Beale
49. What feeling does the underlined phrase “takes the biscuit” in paragraph 1 imply
A. An air of indifference. B. A sense of frustration.
C. A hint of anxiety. D. A burst of pain.
50. What did the author think of the mashed potato
A. It looked like metal. B. It tasted like bird food.
C. It contained too much mustard. D. It was cooked in a special way.
51. Why did the author turn on the screen
A. To distract himself from feeling unwell. B. To find out information about the flight.
C. To appreciate a famous actor’s performance. D. To test the quality of onboard entertainment.
52. What’s the purpose of the letter
A. To offer constructive suggestions. B. To warn against an airline company.
C. To inquire about solutions to a problem. D. To complain about unsatisfactory service.
（2024下·江苏扬州·高三统考开学考试）A recent study, led by Professor Andrew Barron, Dr. HaDi MaBouDi, and Professor James Marshall, illustrates how evolution has fine-tuned honey bees to make quick judgments while minimizing danger.
“Animal lives are full of decisions,” says Professor Barron. “A honey bee has a brain smaller than a sesame (芝麻) seed. And yet it can make decisions faster and more accurately than’ we can. A robot programmed to do a bee’s job would need the backup of a supercomputer.”
Bees need to work quickly and efficiently. They need to make decisions. Which flower will have a sweet liquid While they’re flying, they face threats from the air. While landing, they’re vulnerable to potential hunter, some of which pretend to look like flowers.
Researchers trained 20 bees to associate each of the five different colored “flower disks” with their visit history of reward and punishment. Blue flowers always had sugar juice. Green flowers always had a type of liquid with a bitter taste for bees. Other colors sometimes had glucose (葡萄糖). “Then we introduced each bee to a ‘garden’ with artificial ‘flowers’. We filmed each bee and timed their decision-making process,” says Dr. MaBouDi. “If the bees were confident that a flower would have food, they quickly decided to land on it, taking an average of 0.6 seconds. If they were confident that a flower wouldn’t have food, they made a decision just as quickly. If unsure, they took on average 1.4 seconds, and the time reflected the probability that a flower had food.”
The team then built a computer model mirroring the bees’ decision-making process. They found the structure of the model looked very similar to the physical layout of a bee brain. “AI researchers can learn much from bees and other ‘simple’ animals. Millions of years of evolution has led to incredibly efficient brains with very low power requirements,” says Professor Marshall who co-founded a company that uses insect brain patterns to enable machines to move autonomously, like nature.
53. Why does Professor Andrew Barron mention “a supercomputer”
A. To illustrate how a honey bee’s brain resemble each other.
B. To explain how animals arrive at informed decisions fast.
C. To demonstrate how a robot could finish a honey bee’s job.
D. To emphasize how honey bees make decisions remarkably.
54. Which of the following can best replace “vulnerable to” underlined in paragraph 3
A. Easily harmed by. B. Highly sensitive to.
C. Deeply critical to. D. Closely followed by.
55. What influenced the speed of trained bees in making decisions
A. Their judgments about reward and punishment.
B. Their preference for the colors of flower disks.
C. Their confirmation of food’s presence and absence.
D. Their ability to tell real flowers from artificial ones.
56. What message does Professor James Marshall want to give us
A. The power of bee brains is underestimated. B. Biology can inspire future AI.
C. Autonomous machines are changing nature. D. AI should be far more efficient.
（2024·福建漳州·统考二模）In the Pixar movie Up, a fun cartoon dog called Dug wears a magical collar which can detect and translate his barks and cries into fluent human speech. Humans have always been fascinated by the potential to communicate with the animals. This week, an article in the New York Times documented major efforts from a group of researchers using machine-learning algorithms (算法) to analyze the different calls of whales, chickens, bats, cats, and more.
There are several ways to train AI systems now. Typically, Al systems learn through training with labeled data of human language which can be well supplied by the Internet. But analyzing animal language is different. Scientists have to instruct software programs on what to look for, and how to organize the data. This process requires matching gained vocal (发声的) recordings with the visual social behaviors of animals. A group studying Egyptian fruit bats, for example, also used video cameras to record the bats themselves to provide context for the calls.
Many critics of this approach point out two weaknesses of current AI language models: being unable to truly understand the relationships between words and the objects in the real world, and scientists’ little understanding of animal societies. Al language models for humans rely on a computer mapping out the relationship between words and the contexts they could appear in. But these models have their own weak points, and can sometimes be a black box—researchers know what goes in and comes out, but don’t quite understand how the algorithm is arriving at the conclusion.
Another factor that researchers should take into account is that animal communications might not work at all like human communications. There might be unique elements to animal language due to physiological and behavioral differences.
Making a Translator for animals has been a popular project that’s been in the works for the last decade. Although some software has shown some success in identifying the basic vocabulary of certain animals, it’s still a far cry from understanding the complex animal languages.
57. Why do researchers use Al to analyze animals’ calls
A. To tell the differences among animals.
B. To test Al’s ability of translating animal language.
C. To understand animal language better.
D. To explore the fun of communicating with animals.
58. What makes analyzing animal language different
A. The lack of labeled data for training Al systems.
B. The difficulty in relating human speech to real objects.
C. The need for sound recordings to provide context.
D. The matching of vocal recordings with their calls.
59. What does the underlined term “black box” refer to in Paragraph 3
A. Al language models to study animal communication.
B. The researchers’ study on animal societies.
C. The relationship between words and context.
D. The method of Al algorithms to draw conclusions.
60. What is the text mainly about
A. Al systems for animal language translation.
B. Limitations of current Al language models.
C. Unique aspects of detecting animal language.
D. Challenges in creating a translator for animals.
（2024下·重庆·高三重庆市育才中学校联考阶段练习）On the day he almost died, Kimbal Musk had food on the brain. The Internet startup talent and restauranteur had just arrived in Jackson Hole from a conference where chef Jamie Oliver had spoken about the benefits of healthy eating. This was something Musk thought about a lot — how he might make a difference to the food industry — but beyond expanding his farm-to-table movement along with his restaurant, Musk hadn’t yet broken the code. Then he went sailing down a snowy slope and fell over, breaking his neck. The left side of his body was paralyzed.
Musk eventually made a full recovery, but it involved spending two months on his back, which gave him plenty of time to come up with a plan. Since then, he has launched an initiative to put “learning gardens” in public schools across America; attracted Generation Z to the farming profession by changing shipping containers into high-tech, data-driven, year-round farms; and this year, is kicking off a new campaign to create one million at-home gardens.
Aimed at reaching low-income families, the Million Gardens Movement was inspired by the pandemic, as both a desire to feel more connected to nature and food insecurity have been at the forefront of so many people’s lives. “We were getting a lot of inquiries about gardening from people that had never gardened before,” says Musk. “People were looking to garden for a bunch of reasons: to supplement their budget, to improve the nutritional quality of their diets, or just to cure the boredom that came with the lockdown.”
The program offers free garden kits that can be grown indoors or outdoors, and will be distributed through schools that Musk’s non-profit, Big Green, has already partnered with. It also offers free courses on how to get the garden growing and fresh seeds and materials for the changing growing seasons. “I grew up in the projects when I was young, in what we now call food deserts,” says EVE, one of the many celebrities who have teamed up with the organization to encourage people to pick up a free garden. “What I love about this is that it's not difficult. We are all able to grow something.”
61. What does the underlined expression “broken the code” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A. broken the rule. B. found a way out.
C. spared no effort. D. made up his mind.
62. What can we learn about the Million Gardens Movement
A. It has just accomplished its target.
B. It has mainly attracted young generations.
C. It increases economic burdens for the poor.
D. It is partly due to the lack of food security.
63. Which of the following best describes Musk
A. Serious. B. Flexible. C. Charitable. D. Straightforward.
64. Why is EVE taken as an example
A. To share his experience in a food desert.
B. To encourage people to start a free garden.
C. To clarify the reason why he loves a garden.
D. To demonstrate the program to be non-profit.
（2023·浙江绍兴·统考模拟预测）BANGKOK - The world is “failing” on a commitment to stop and reverse (彻底改变) deforestation by 2030, with global losses increasing last year, a group of NGOs and researchers warned Tuesday.
In 2021, leaders from over 100 countries and territories -representing the vast majority of the world’s forests-promised to stop and reverse forest loss by 2030. But an annual assessment released Tuesday found global deforestation actually increased by four percent last year, and the world remains well off track to meet the 2030 commitment. “That 2030 goal is not just nice to have, it’s essential for maintaining a livable climate for humanity,” warned Erin Matson, a lead author of the Forest Declaration Assessment.
Forests are not only key habitats for animal life but serve as important regulators of the global climate and carbon sponges that take in the emissions human activity generates. However, deforestation last year was over 20 percent higher than it should have been to meet the leaders’ commitment, with 6.6 million hectares of forest lost, much of it primary forest in tropical regions.
“Data year over year does tend to shift. So one year is not the be-all, end-all,” said Matson. “But what is really important is the trend. And since the baseline of 2018 to 2020, we’re going in the wrong direction.”
The assessment was not universally depressing, with about 50 countries considered on course to end deforestation. In particular, Brazil, Indonesia and Malaysia saw “dramatic reductions” in forest loss. Those gains are at risk however, the report warns. In Brazil, for instance, while there has been renewed interest in protecting the Amazon, another key ecosystem - the Cerrado savannah - has instead become a target.
The report praised new rules introduced by the European Union intended to block the imports of commodities(商品) that drive deforestation. But it called for stronger global action, including more money to conserve forests, and the end of subsidies to sectors like agriculture that drive deforestation.
“The world is failing forests with disastrous consequences on a global scale,” said Fran Price, WWF’s global forest lead. “Since the global commitment was made, an area of tropical forest the size of Denmark has been lost. We want to see nature and forest high on the agenda!”
65. What does the assessment indicate
A. Tough policies should be introduced. B. Deforestation is intensifying.
C. Commitment should be taken seriously. D. Global warming is worsening.
66. How do you understand the underlined sentence by Matson
A. It is normal that data changes sharply. B. The assessment is far from accurate.
C. Emphasis should be put on the trend. D. To have a clear goal in place matters.
67. What are paragraphs 5 and 6 meant to tell us
A. The widespread damage to forests. B. Proper measures yet-to-be-taken.
C. The ban on nature-related products. D. Some bright sides of the situation.
68. What did Price want to convey
A. Forest conservation is a priority. B. Forest restoration is a long-term project.
C. Forest destruction is just regional. D. Forest assessment should be globalized.
（2024·云南红河·统考二模）We’ve all heard the phrase “use your time wisely” in our lives. How can we use our time “wisely” In an increasingly urbanizing world, we are busier, required to do more to get into college or other higher academic institutions, or to get a job and do well at it. Because of that, things we do to relax, like reading a book, going out with friends or napping, are becoming rarer.
Doing something that doesn’t quite directly help you reach your goal (like the things for relaxation) is often viewed as “wasting your time” because we only have limited time. But even if relaxing or having fun takes time away from being “productive”, they shouldn’t be considered “a waste of time”. If we don’t do things for fun, what is there to enjoy in life
There have been numerous studies indicating how relaxation and going out with friends can improve your mental and physical health. Being able to take part in an enjoyable hobby or spend time with someone you enjoy being around can help release “feel good” hormones (荷尔蒙) that can reduce some stress in your daily life, thus improving physical health in the long run.
But of course, as a part-time hypocrite (伪善者) on this topic, sometimes when I find myself enjoying a book, playing a video game, or scrolling on TikTok, I get this awful feeling instantly after that I could have used that time to do something productive like taking textbook notes or finishing an assignment. Or maybe I would go out with my friends during the day and come back to my dorm just to think about how I could have used that time to study for an upcoming exam. We’ve all been there.
However, even if it isn’t evident, doing those little things prevents us from burning out too fast. It creates some positive memories hanging in your mind that will hopefully get you through a tough patch. You need to relax in order to be productive later on. The popular concept of a work-life balance also tells us you should do things that you enjoy to keep the balance, and therefore, would not be considered “a waste of time”.
69. What is often thought as “a waste of time” according to paragraph 2
A. Hanging out with friends. B. Preparing for a business trip.
C. Training for school basketball matches. D. Reading for an essay assigned last week.
70. How does relaxation benefit us
A. It improves our health shortly.
B. It develops our hobbies greatly.
C. It releases hormones to develop our stress.
D. It strengthens us physically and mentally.
71. What does the underlined sentence “We’ve all been there.” mean
A. We’ve taken the exam. B. We’ve been somewhere already.
C. We all have had the same experience. D. We all have come back to the dormitory.
72. What’s the author’s attitude toward “wasting time”
A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Disapproving. D. Conservative.
（2024下·浙江·高三校联考开学考试）Coco Gauff used to visit the Grand Slam tournament (大满贯锦标赛) as a kid to see her idols Serena and Venus Williams. Now she is a champion there herself. On Sept 9, the 19-year-old from the US won her first major women’s singles title at the 2023 US Open (美国网球公开赛).
After an average start, Gauff surged to a 2-6, 6-3, 6-2 victory over her bigger, stronger opponent, Aryna Sabalenka, from Belarus, who became the new world No.1 the day after the tournament ended.
Unlike the Williams sisters, who have obvious force and power, Gauff is small and slim. But she moves fast on the tennis court. Forbes magazine said, “She is the quickest and perhaps already the best returner of impossible shots in tennis history.”
Even though Sabalenka is a very powerful hitter, it felt like she had to finish each point four or five times, as Gauff’s defense was so perfect, noted The Telegraph. This ended up frustrating Sabalenka and caused her to make 46 unforced errors.
Gauff thus became the first American teenager to win the US Open since Serena Williams, then 17, in 1999. When asked about “taking the torch” from the 23-time Grand Slam winner and the similarity between their tennis careers, Gauff told ESPN, “Serena is Serena. She’s the greatest of all time... I’d hope to do half of what she did. But I’m not going to compare myself to her. She’s some one that I look up to.”
Now, Gauff’s big win has left tennis fans wondering: When’s her next Grand Slam That’s no easy task. Two of the past four US Open women’s champions were teenagers at the time, Canada’s Bianca Andreescu in 2019 and the UK’s Emma Raducanu in 2021, and neither has come close to repeating their success yet. But one thing about Gauff is certain — that at just 19 years old, the sky’s the limit.
73. What do we know about Gauff’s performance in the game at the 2023 US Open
A. She made 46 unforced errors. B. She was leading from the start.
C. She defeated a stronger opponent. D. She became world No.1 afterwards.
74. According to the text, what are Gauff’s advantages
A. Her force and power. B. Her speed and defense.
C. Her figure and height. D. Her services and attacks.
75. Who is “the 23-time Grand Slam winner” mentioned in paragraph 5
A. Aryna Sabalenka. B. Bianca Andreescu. C. Coco Gauff. D. Serena Williams.
76. What does the underlined sentence “the sky’s the limit” imply in the last paragraph
A. It is hard for Gauff to push back her limits.
B. Gauff will consider switching to other sports.
C. Gauff has potential for greater future success.
D. Teenage sportsmen often fail to continue their success.
（2024下·重庆·高三重庆巴蜀中学校考阶段练习）Recently it has dawned on the government that closing more than 1,000 of England’s railway station ticket offices would not be very smart politics.The transport secretary, Mark Harper,announced that train operators had been asked to withdraw the cost-cutting strategy, which the government itself had originally pushed on them.The writing was already on the wall in the summer,when public anger led to an extension of the consultation period on the proposed closures.By the time it ended,750,000 responses had been recorded,99%of them negative.
The public’s concerns were over future access to travel advice and information,assistance for disabled people,safety at understaffed stations,and consequences for the digitally excluded. But the passionate opposition also underlined a widespread sense that railway stations must be more than transit(交通)bined with a reformed ticketing system,that insight should now inform a positive approach to breathing life into England’s railways and attracting more people back on to trains.
As a report published this autumn by the Campaign for Better Transport sets out,there is an urgent case for fairer ticketing reform across the network.For over a decade,the relative cost of taking the train rather than the car has skyrocketed,as fares have risen while fuel duty has been frozen.Over a third of the public are confused by the numerous types of ticket available,and the complex regulations that apply to them.Why should an anytime return from Chelmsford to London cost &32.60,when to cover the same distance from Grays to London costs E 13.40
The failed attempt to shut down ticket offices had its roots in a short-term ministerial response to falling revenues(收入).But as the country strives to achieve a challenging green transition,the government should work to establish a simpler,fairer ticketing system that offers imaginative rewards to take the train;and to develop an ambitious plan for our stations —one that reflects their important role in the lives of the travelling public.
77. What does the underlined words in the first paragraph probably mean
A. The public expressed their anger.
B. The proposal was put up on a wall.
C. Unfavorable outcome was expected.
D. The government adopted the policy.
78. What can be inferred about England’s railways
A. They have expanded their services.
B. They have undergone ticketing reform.
C. They have included more transit zones.
D. They have seen a decline in public favor.
79. What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on
A. The popularity of car ownership.
B. The development of ticketing reform.
C. The problems of the ticketing system.
D. The application of complex regulations.
80. What is the best title for the text
A. Rising Prices of Train Travel
B. Urgent Calls for Rail Revival
C. Failed Closure of Railway Stations
D. Tough Route to Green Transit Initiatives
（2022·山东·校联考模拟预测）Experienced climbers of Mount Qomolangma are wondering if new proposed rules will solve the root causes of various deadly accident on the world’s tallest mountain. The proposals, if approved by the government of Nepal, would add steps to the permitting process for mountaineers as well as limitation to tourism companies to prevent the disaster in last May happening again.
Traditionally, Nepal has given climbing permits to anyone prepared to pay a fee of $11, 000. In 2019, the government approved a record high of 381 permits. With essential Sherpas and guides added, more than 800 people were trying to reach the peak during the short weather window. The overcrowding led to deadly delays in what is known as the “death zone”, the area above 8, 000 meters, and the death of eleven climbers eventually, many of them dying in late May after they were stuck there. It also raised suspicions that guide companies were urging inexperienced or incompetent mountaineers to attempt the climb.
To reduce the potential risks, among the suggested changes is a rule for those who want to climb the Mount to have a qualified doctor prepare a report on their medical history and general health. Another is that climbers provide evidence they have climbed another tall mountain in Nepal. They will also need to be accompanied by a trained Nepalese guide.
American mountaineer Ed Viesturs said the proposed changes will likely limit the amount of climbers able to plan journeys up the Mount, yet will not do enough to stop the “group think” mentality that led to the traffic jam in late May. He said climb leaders at base camp also needed to consider how to fix the problem. “I know several climbers who waited until later and had the mountain almost to themselves,” Viesturs said of the 2019 climbing season. “We really need to answer why so many people are there on the same day How can you control it ”
81. What is the purpose of the new proposals
A. To attract more mountaineers.
B. To issue security warnings of the climb.
C. To guide inexperienced climbers.
D. To avoid death on Mount Qomolangma.
82. What does the underlined word “It” refer to in paragraph 2
A. The record high. B. The overcrowding.
C. The “death zone”. D. The short weather window.
83. What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. New requirements for the climbers.
B. The procedure for getting a permit.
C. Importance of applying the proposals.
D. Qualifications of the applicants.
84. What’s Ed Viesturs’ attitude to the new proposed rules
A. Disapproving. B. Favourable.
C. Doubtful. D. Curious.
（2024下·广东东莞·高三校联考阶段练习）Tonight, our family was going out to play under the full moon.
My husband Todd and I first started going on full moon walks for ourselves, as we needed these little doses of moonlight to stay happy, though sometimes we had to hike through the forest to find a perfect spot. But after we became parents, we did this for our children. We wanted to show Sierra and Bryce that it was not necessary to travel far from home to have an adventure and learn something new, and that there was much magic in the natural world, available to all.
Once we arrived at our location, Sierra and I stood holding hands, waiting to cheer the full moon in its rising—a thin sliver of the appealing moon emerged above the ridge of the mountain afar. Soon, more of the moon came out until it turned into a brilliant orange sphere. Todd explained to Sierra and Bryce that the moon generates no light, but simply acts like a mirror, reflecting the sunlight back to us. “Does the moon’s face change ” Bryce asked. I told him that the moon rotates (旋转) around the earth, but does not spin by itself, so the same side of the moon is always facing the earth. Sierra remarked that the moon looked larger and closer when it was rising. I explained that it is a visual illusion (错觉) because it is so close to the horizon that the moon magically tricks our eyes into comparing it with nearby objects, thus creating the impression of the increased size.
Much of the knowledge that I shared with the kids was learned from my parents. During my childhood, they would take me on educational adventures out in the woods, and as I later found, so did their parents. So every time I go for a full moon walk with my beloved family, I thank those wise educators who came before me.
To educate, sometimes all it takes is going outdoors and gazing up at the heavens.
85. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Going on a hike through the forest.
B. Taking a walk under the full moon.
C. Watching magic shows every month.
D. Traveling far from home for adventure.
86. What can we learn from their family outing
A. The kids were reluctant to participate.
B. Todd mentioned the mirror to explain sunlight.
C. The kids exhibited a spirit of exploration about the moon.
D. The author used a magic trick to explain the larger moon.
87. Which of the following best describes the parents
A. Creative and faithful. B. Selfless and brave.
C. Inspiring and generous. D. Insightful and patient.
88. What does the story convey to the readers
A. Life is what you make it.
B. Every cloud has a silver lining.
C. Nature is the best teacher.
D. God helps those who help themselves.
（2024·陕西西安·西安中学校考三模）If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜间活动) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don’t think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences — called light pollution — whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky. Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels — and light rhythms — to which many forms of life, including ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected.
In most cities the sky looks as thou
