2024届高考英语外刊时文精读精练（2）（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语外刊时文精读精练（2）（含答案） |  | |
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2024年高考英语外刊时文精读精练 (2)
Consumer health care，Slumber party 消费者保健，睡衣派对
主题语境：人与社会 主题语境内容：科学与技术
【外刊原文】（斜体单词为超纲词汇，认识即可；下划线单词为课标词汇，需熟记。）
【1】The rich world has a sleep deficit（亏损）. The average American adult snoozes（打盹） almost two hours less than their great grandparents did. More than a third of Americans get less than seven hours of kip a night. The resulting（作为结果的） fatigue（疲劳） has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease, hypertension（高血压） and other ailments（小病）. It may cost America’s economy as much as $400bn a year, according to one study. Other wealthy countries are similarly sleepless. Consumption of alcohol and caffeine are partly to blame, as is exposure（暴露） to phone and computer screens. Ironically（讽刺地）, people are turning to some of those same devices for help.
【2】Tiny sensors（传感器） are now more easily embedded（植入） into wearable gadgets（小配件） to observe users overnight. Consumer-electronics giants such as Google, Samsung and Huawei offer sleep-related technology in their gadgets. Although Apple seems to be winding down Beddit, a Finnish maker of bed sensors it acquired in 2017 for an undisclosed （未公开的）amount, it has incorporated（使并入） sleep functionalities into its new smart watches.
【3】Specialist “sleep-tech” startups offer fancier （花哨的）wares. Oura Health, also from Finland and valued at nearly $1bn, sells a $300 titanium ring （钛戒指）that weighs a few grams and has built-in heart-rate, oxygen and activity monitors; Kim Kardashian is a fan. Kokoon, a British firm, makes a wireless headset（无线耳机） whose tiny earbuds play relaxing sounds while sensors infer the sleep stage from blood-oxygen levels. Eight Sleep, an American one, charges $2,000 for its app-synched mattress（床垫） that heats up and cools as the sleeper’s body temperature changes through the night.
【4】The combination of more sleeplessness and better technology has led to a boom in the sleep-assistance industry. Global Market insights, a research firm, reckons(估计) that worldwide revenues（收入） from sales of such gizmos reached $12.5bn in 2020 and could be more than triple（三倍的） that in five years. Matteo Franceschetti, boss of Eight Sleep, thinks the addressable market for his company is “literally（确实地） everyone in the world”. After all, everybody sleeps.
【5】True. But not everybody sleeps poorly (or can afford $2,000 on his firm’s self-styled “Lamborghini of mattresses”). And the technology, though it is improving, remains far from perfect. Sleeping with a watch is irritating, and the battery（电池） may die overnight. Your correspondent（记者） struggled to wear the Kokoon headset over the satin scarf（缎面头巾） protecting her hair, and the “brown noise” designed to drown out snoring sounded more like the jarring static （刺耳静电声）of an old television set.
【6】There are problems with sleep-tech’s business models, too. People can get bored of wearables, and frustrated when the improvements fail to materialise（实现）. According to a survey last year by Rock Health Advisory, a consultancy（顾问）, almost 40% of sleep-wearables users abandoned their devices, mostly because they did not have the desired soporific（催眠的） effect. Kokoon, Oura and Eight Sleep have all recently introduced membership models to try and keep people updating their devices. Subscriptions（订阅）give the companies a more stable revenue stream than one-off device（装置） sales, as well as providing data that can then be used to improve their products. But it can also be interpreted as an implicit（暗示的） acknowledgement that the devices are not an instant cure. (Oura says that it now offers various other insights into ring-wearers’ health that are not directly related to sleep.)
【7】Many scientists worry that, as with many emerging consumer-health technologies, sleep-tech often lacks the gold-standard randomized controlled（随机对照的） clinical （临床的）studies where it is tested on many patients and against placebos（安慰剂）. Ingo Fietze runs a sleep centre at Charité Berlin, a big university hospital, and studies novel gadgets and mattresses at a private lab he set up on the side. He says that when he asked Samsung, a South Korean device-maker, and Huawei, a Chinese one, to share the methods behind their watches’ metrics, he did not hear back. In any case, says Mr Fietze, no existing wearables, which track sleep using various proxy（代理） measures, can match a clinical polysomnogram (PSG), which takes data directly from the brain using electrodes. Samsung did not respond to a request for comment. Huawei says its device measures sleep duration（持续） with accuracy comparable（可匹敌的） to a PSG.
【8】Sleep-tech may, scientists concede（承认）, help mild insomniacs and sensitive sleepers decide whether they need clinical interventions. Monitoring blood-oxygen in real time, as some wearables do, can help identify disorders including sleep apnea(呼吸暂停), a condition whose sufferers stop breathing while they sleep .But ultimately, Mr Fietze believes, “no gadget can make your sleep better.” If consumers in need of more shuteye reach a similar conclusion, sleep-tech investors’ （投资者）dreams of riches may turn into a profitless（无益的） nightmare.
【译文】
富裕国家的人们存在睡眠不足的问题。美国普通成年人的睡眠时长比他们的曾祖父母那代人少近两个小时。超过三分之一的美国人每晚睡眠时间不足7小时。睡眠不足产生的疲劳与阿尔茨海默病、高血压等疾病的产生密切相关。一项研究显示，这可能会让美国经济每年遭受高达4000亿美元的损失。其他富裕国家也同样遭受失眠问题的困扰。造成失眠的部分原因在于酒精和咖啡因的摄入以及手机和电脑的使用。讽刺的是，人们正在依靠手机和电脑这类设备解决失眠这一问题。
微型传感器现在更容易嵌入到可穿戴设备中，以便在夜间监测用户。谷歌、三星和华为等消费电子行业巨头的产品中都有与睡眠相关的技术。2017年，苹果收购了芬兰床上传感器制造商贝迪特（Beddit），收购金额未公布。尽管苹果似乎正在逐步关闭该公司，但它已经将睡眠功能纳入了其新款智能手表。
专业的“睡眠科技”初创公司提供的产品更花哨。同样来自芬兰、价值近10亿美元的Oura Health出售价值300美元的钛戒指，戒指重量只有几克，内置心率、氧气和活动监测器；金·卡戴珊(KimKardashian)是这款戒指的狂热爱好者。英国公司Kokoon制造了一种无线耳机，它的微型耳塞可以播放放松的声音，而传感器则可以根据血氧水平来推断睡眠阶段。美国一家名为Eight Sleep的公司推出了一款可与应用程序同步的床垫，售价为2000美元。这款床垫可以根据睡眠者的夜间体温变化而升温或降温。
失眠者的增多和技术的发展使得助眠行业繁荣发展。据调研公司Global Market insights估计，2020年，全球范围内此类设备的销售收入达到125亿美元，并且这一数值五年内可能会翻三倍多。Eight Sleep的老板马迪奥·弗朗切斯克蒂（Matteo Franceschetti）认为他公司的潜在市场是“世界上的每一个人”。毕竟，每个人都要睡觉。
他说的没错，但并不是所有人的睡眠质量都很差，也不是所有人都会花2000美元购买他公司自诩的“床垫届兰博基尼”。尽管睡眠技术在不断改进，但仍存在不足。手腕上戴手表睡觉会让人感觉不适，而且电池可能一夜之间就没电了。本报记者发现，如果戴了保护头发的缎面头巾，再佩戴Kokoon耳机就比较困难，而用来掩盖鼾声的“棕色噪音”听起来更像是旧电视机发出的刺耳静电声。
睡眠科技公司的商业模式也存在问题。人们可能会厌烦可穿戴设备，同时，当公司所吹嘘的改进未能实现时，人们也会感到失望。咨询公司Rock Health Advisory去年的一项调查显示，近40%的用户停用了可穿戴睡眠设备，主要是因为它们没有达到预期的催眠效果。睡眠科技公司Kokoon、Oura和Eight Sleep最近都推出了会员模式，试图让人们不断更新他们的设备。与一次性的设备销售相比，订阅制能给这些公司带来更稳定的收入流，同时还能提供用于改进产品的数据。但这也可以理解为公司默认这些设备并不能立竿见影地解决失眠问题。(Oura公司表示，该公司现在为睡眠监测戒指佩戴者提供了多种健康建议，但与睡眠并无直接关联。)
许多科学家担心，与诸多新兴的消费者健康技术一样，睡眠技术往往缺乏标准化的随机对照临床研究，即缺少在大量患者身上进行测试，并与安慰剂进行对比的临床研究。英格费兹（Ingo Fietze） 在大型高校医院Charité Berlin经营着一家睡眠中心，他还在自己的私人实验室里研究新型助眠工具和床垫。他说，他曾要求韩国设备制造商三星和中国设备制造商华为分享其测量手表指标的方法，但并未得到回应。费兹说，无论如何，现有的使用各种替代方法跟
踪睡眠的可穿戴设备都无法与临床多导睡眠图(PSG)相媲美，因为后者通过电极直接从大脑中获取数据。三星对此不予置评。华为表示，其设备测量睡眠持续时间的准确度与PSG相当。
科学家们承认，睡眠技术可以帮助轻度失眠症患者和敏感睡眠者决定他们是否需要临床干预。像一些可穿戴设备那样，实时监测血氧量可以帮助识别睡眠呼吸暂停综合症（患者在睡觉时呼吸停止的现象）等疾病，全球约有10亿人患有这种疾病。但最终，费兹认为 “没有什么设备可以改善睡眠质量。”如果失眠消费者得出类似的结论，那么睡眠科技投资者的发财梦可能会变成一场无利可图的噩梦。
【背景知识】
PSG：多导睡眠图。又称睡眠脑电图。主要用于睡眠和梦境研究以及抑郁症和睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的诊断。
sleep apnea：睡眠呼吸暂停综合症。别称重症鼾病。睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）是一种病因不明的睡眠呼吸疾病，临床表现有夜间睡眠打鼾伴呼吸暂停和白天嗜睡。由于呼吸暂停引起反复发作的夜间低氧和高碳酸血症，可导致高血压，冠心病，糖尿病和脑血管疾病等并发症及交通事故，甚至出现夜间猝死。因此睡眠呼吸暂停综合征是一种有潜在致死性的睡眠呼吸疾病，其治疗方法分为手术治疗和非手术治疗两类。
【课标词汇】
Observe
观察；观测；监视
He spent a year in the jungle, observing how deforestation is affecting local tribes.他在丛林里呆了1年，考察滥伐森林对当地部落造成了何种影响。
注意到，觉察到；看到
Jack observed a look of anxiety on his brother's face.杰克注意到了他哥哥脸上焦急的神情。
In all these films one observes that directors are taking a new interest in Native American culture.在所有这些电影中，人们发现导演们对美国本土文化产生了新的兴趣。
遵守，奉行（法律、规则或习俗）
People must observe the law. Nobody should be an exception.人们必须遵纪守法，谁都不应该例外。
Infer推断，推论，推理
What do you infer from her refusal 你从她的拒绝中能推断出甚么？
I inferred from her expression that she wanted to leave.从她的表情我可判断出她想离开。
Charge
收费，要价，开价
How much/What do you charge for a haircut and blow-dry 剪发和吹风要收多少钱？
The bank charged commission to change my traveller's cheques.银行兑现我的旅行支票收取了手续费。
2)指控，控告
She is charged with murdering her husband.她被指控谋害了自己的丈夫。
3)充电
It's not working - I don't think the battery is charging.它不能运作——我觉得电池没在充电。
Boom（经济的）繁荣，景气;（数量的）增长；（频率的）加快；成功
An economic boom followed, especially in housing and construction...接着出现了经济繁荣，尤其是在房地产业和建筑业。
The 1980s were indeed boom years.20世纪80年代是真正的繁荣时期。
...the cycle of boom and bust which has damaged us for 40 years.40年来给我们造成巨大破坏的经济繁荣与萧条的交替循环
The boom in the sport's popularity has meant more calls for stricter safety regulations...该项体育运动的兴起意味着制定更加严格的安全规则的呼声更高了。
Struggle
奋力;努力
Those who have lost their jobs struggle to pay their supermarket bills.那些失业的人们想方设法以支付超市的账单。
艰难地做;吃力地做
I struggled with my bags, desperately looking for a porter.我提着行李艰难地走着，迫切地寻找着搬运工。
Abandon
离弃；放弃；抛弃；遗弃
We had to abandon the car.我们不得不弃车而去。
By the time the rebel troops arrived, the village had already been abandoned.当叛军杀到时，村民已经撤离了村庄。
As a baby he'd been abandoned by his mother.他在繦褓之中就被母亲遗弃了。
放弃；中止
The match was abandoned at half-time because of the poor weather conditions.由于天气状况太差，比赛进行了一半就停止了。
沉湎于；放纵
He abandoned himself to his emotions.他任由自己的情绪发泄。
Update
1）更新
The database updates automatically when new information is entered. 当输入新信息时，数据库会自动更新。
2）最新报道；最新消息
News updates throughout the day on Radio 5 Live! 第5套广播节目全天候播出最新新闻报道。
stable 稳定的；稳固的；牢固的
If the foundations of the house aren't stable, collapse is possible.如果房子的地基不稳，就有可能倒塌。
The hospital said she was in a stable condition (= not likely to get worse) following the operation.院方说她手术之后情况稳定。
Lack
1）n没有…，…匮乏，…短缺
Lack of sleep had made him irritable.睡眠不足令他烦躁易怒。
If he fails it won't be for/through lack of effort (= he has certainly tried).他若失败了，那肯定不是因为他努力不够。
We won't be going on holiday this year - lack of funds, I'm afraid.今年我们恐怕不会去渡假了——因为没钱。
V. 缺少，缺乏
He just lacks a little confidence.他只是有点缺乏自信。
We are lacking three members of staff due to illness.我们有三人因病缺席。
Match
与…相称，与…相配
Her nails were painted bright red to match her dress...她的指甲涂成了大红色，为的是与裙子相配。
All the chairs matched...所有椅子都是配套的。
比得上,与…不相上下
Our value system does not match with their value system.我们的价值体系和他们的并不相同。
11.respond回答，作答；回应，作出反应
I asked her what the time was, but she didn't respond.我问她几点了，但是她没理我。
He responded by marching off and slamming the door behind him.他的反应是大步走出房间，狠狠甩上了门。
The police respond to emergencies (= arrive and are ready to deal with emergencies) in just a few minutes.紧急事件发生时，员警在短短几分钟内就会作出反应。
12.mild温和的；和缓的；轻微的
She can't accept even mild criticism of her work.即使别人对她的作品略有微词，她也不能接受。
Sensitive敏感的
Her reply showed that she was very sensitive to criticism.她的回答显示她对批评很敏感。
Identify认出，识别
The gunman in Wednesday's attack has been identified as Lee Giggs, an unemployed truck driver.周三袭击事件中的枪手已被确认为李 吉格斯，一个失业的卡车司机。
The police officer identified him self (= gave his name or proved who he was) and asked for our help.警官表明身份并请求我们帮助。
15.ultimately最终，最后
例句： Ultimately, of course, he'd like to have his own business but that won't be for some time.当然，他最终想拥有自己的企业，但那不会很快实现的。
【重点短语】
1.more than 多于；超出；比……多
例句：Hay fever affects males more than females. 男性感染花粉热多于女性。
2.be partly to blame 有部分责任
例句：Blue jeans are partly to blame for pollution of the Pearl River, United Press International reported.合众国际社透露,蓝色牛仔裤被指责是污染珠江的元凶之一.
3.：turn to... for help 求助于…
例句：He’s a good person,you can turn to him for help if you’re ever in a tough situation.他人好，你有什么犯难的事可以找他。
4.wind down 平静下来；放松一下；（钟表等）慢下来
例句：I haven't even begun to think about quitting, or having a last hurrah, or allowing my career to wind down. 不论是突然退出、来个告别演出，还是逐渐淡出，我甚至完全都没有考虑过。
5.after all 毕竟；终究
例句：After all, The Masters is an invitational tournament. 毕竟，这项大师赛是一场邀请赛。
6.far from 远离；远非；完全不
例句：Far from being a dreamer, she's a level-headed pragmatist. 她是个冷静理智的实用主义者，远非一个空想家。
7.drown out 淹没，压过
例句：They drown out Orpheus' music with the hideous roar of their howlings and their screamings and they tear him limb from limb. 她们用可怕的咆哮和尖叫淹没了俄耳甫斯的音乐，把音乐撕成了碎片。
8.as well as也；和……一样；不但……而且
例句：He's got plenty of brains as well as brawn. 他四肢发达，头脑也不简单。
9.on the side 另外；作为兼职，作为副业
例句：I do a bit of baby-sitting on the side, for extra pocket money. 我还会做一些兼职保姆，赚点零花钱。
10.in real time 实时的；及时的；立即
例句：To make the training realistic the simulation operates in real time. 为使训练真实，模拟是实时运行的。
【长难句分析】
原文：In any case, says Mr Fietze, no existing wearables, which track sleep using various proxy measures, can match a clinical polysomnogram (PSG), which takes data directly from the brain using electrodes.
分析：该句主句的结构为主（Mr Fietze）谓（says）宾语从句（（that）no existing wearables can match a clinical polysomnogram (PSG)），其中宾语从句省略了that，宾语从句的结构为主（no existing wearables）谓（can match）宾（a clinical polysomnogram (PSG)）。which track sleep using various proxy measures为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词wearables; which takes data directly from the brain using electrodes也是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a clinical polysomnogram。
【课标词汇精练】
根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”和“重点短语”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。
When the tax office wrote to me demanding unpaid income tax, I that I had been working abroad since 1998.
He has suffered a heart attack - nothing too serious.
He was very about his scar and thought everyone was staring at him.
Even the smallest baby can its mother by her voice.
Everything will depend on what is said at the meeting with the directors next week.
They had to against all kinds of adversity.
I could see the young boy to free himself.
We were sinking fast, and the captain gave the order to ship.
They had to their attempt to climb the mountain.
We are scared to ourselves to our feelings in case we seem weak or out of control.
The latest edition has been completely revised and .
The president gets regular from the National Security Council.
After several part-time jobs, he's now got a job in a bank.
Her only problem is of confidence.
What we in this house is space to store things.
You don't have to your lipstick exactly to your outfit.
Their strengths in memory and spatial skills .
The role of scientists is to and describe the world, not to try to control it.
The guards failed to who delivered the package.
The old people in the village still the local traditions.
They you $20 just to get in the nightclub.
She's been with murder.
She drove the car round the block to (up) its batteries.
Public transport has not been able to cope adequately with the travel .
The editors the proofreaders are working overtime.
Keys:
responded句意：税务所写信催我缴纳拖欠的所得税税款，我回信说我自从1998年以来一直在国外工作。
mild 句意：他只是轻微的心脏病发作，并不太严重。
sensitive句意：他对自己的伤疤很敏感，以为每个人都在盯着他看。
identify句意：就连年龄最小的婴儿也能根据声音分辨出自己的母亲。
ultimately句意：.一切将最终取决于下周开会和董事们商议的结果。
struggle句意：他们不得不同一切困境做斗争。
struggling句意：我看到小男孩正在奋力挣脱。
abandon句意：我们的船沉得很快，船长下令弃船。
.abandon句意：他们被迫放弃攀登这座山的打算。
abandon句意：我们不敢放纵自己的情感，以免显得太过软弱或缺乏自制。
updated句意：最新的版本已作了彻底的修订与更新。
updates 句意：总统定期从国家安全委员会获得最新信息
stable句意：做了几份兼职工作之后，他目前在银行找到了一份稳定的工作。
lack句意：她唯一的问题是缺乏自信。
lack句意：我们这所房子缺少的是储物空间。
match 句意：你不一定非要让唇膏的颜色同礼服完全搭配。
matched句意：他们在记忆力和空间技能方面势均力敌。
observe句意：科学家的任务是观察和描述这个世界，而不是试图控制它。
observe句意：卫兵没有注意到是谁递送的这个包裹。
observe句意：村里的老人仍然遵守当地的传统。
charge 句意：进夜总会的门他们就收你20美元。
charged句意：她被控谋杀。
charge 句意：她开车绕过街区去给电池充电。
boom句意：公共交通系统还不能充分满足迅速发展的旅游业的需求。
as well as句意： 编辑和校对者都在加班工作
Consumer health care，Slumber party 消费者保健，睡衣派对
主题语境：人与社会 主题语境内容：科学与技术
【外刊原文】（斜体单词为超纲词汇，认识即可；下划线单词为课标词汇，需熟记。）
【1】The rich world has a sleep deficit（亏损）. The average American adult snoozes（打盹） almost two hours less than their great grandparents did. More than a third of Americans get less than seven hours of kip a night. The resulting（作为结果的） fatigue（疲劳） has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease, hypertension（高血压） and other ailments（小病）. It may cost America’s economy as much as $400bn a year, according to one study. Other wealthy countries are similarly sleepless. Consumption of alcohol and caffeine are partly to blame, as is exposure（暴露） to phone and computer screens. Ironically（讽刺地）, people are turning to some of those same devices for help.
【2】Tiny sensors（传感器） are now more easily embedded（植入） into wearable gadgets（小配件） to observe users overnight. Consumer-electronics giants such as Google, Samsung and Huawei offer sleep-related technology in their gadgets. Although Apple seems to be winding down Beddit, a Finnish maker of bed sensors it acquired in 2017 for an undisclosed （未公开的）amount, it has incorporated（使并入） sleep functionalities into its new smart watches.
【3】Specialist “sleep-tech” startups offer fancier （花哨的）wares. Oura Health, also from Finland and valued at nearly $1bn, sells a $300 titanium ring （钛戒指）that weighs a few grams and has built-in heart-rate, oxygen and activity monitors; Kim Kardashian is a fan. Kokoon, a British firm, makes a wireless headset（无线耳机） whose tiny earbuds play relaxing sounds while sensors infer the sleep stage from blood-oxygen levels. Eight Sleep, an American one, charges $2,000 for its app-synched mattress（床垫） that heats up and cools as the sleeper’s body temperature changes through the night.
【4】The combination of more sleeplessness and better technology has led to a boom in the sleep-assistance industry. Global Market insights, a research firm, reckons(估计) that worldwide revenues（收入） from sales of such gizmos reached $12.5bn in 2020 and could be more than triple（三倍的） that in five years. Matteo Franceschetti, boss of Eight Sleep, thinks the addressable market for his company is “literally（确实地） everyone in the world”. After all, everybody sleeps.
【5】True. But not everybody sleeps poorly (or can afford $2,000 on his firm’s self-styled “Lamborghini of mattresses”). And the technology, though it is improving, remains far from perfect. Sleeping with a watch is irritating, and the battery（电池） may die overnight. Your correspondent（记者） struggled to wear the Kokoon headset over the satin scarf（缎面头巾） protecting her hair, and the “brown noise” designed to drown out snoring sounded more like the jarring static （刺耳静电声）of an old television set.
【6】There are problems with sleep-tech’s business models, too. People can get bored of wearables, and frustrated when the improvements fail to materialise（实现）. According to a survey last year by Rock Health Advisory, a consultancy（顾问）, almost 40% of sleep-wearables users abandoned their devices, mostly because they did not have the desired soporific（催眠的） effect. Kokoon, Oura and Eight Sleep have all recently introduced membership models to try and keep people updating their devices. Subscriptions（订阅）give the companies a more stable revenue stream than one-off device（装置） sales, as well as providing data that can then be used to improve their products. But it can also be interpreted as an implicit（暗示的） acknowledgement that the devices are not an instant cure. (Oura says that it now offers various other insights into ring-wearers’ health that are not directly related to sleep.)
【7】Many scientists worry that, as with many emerging consumer-health technologies, sleep-tech often lacks the gold-standard randomized controlled（随机对照的） clinical （临床的）studies where it is tested on many patients and against placebos（安慰剂）. Ingo Fietze runs a sleep centre at Charité Berlin, a big university hospital, and studies novel gadgets and mattresses at a private lab he set up on the side. He says that when he asked Samsung, a South Korean device-maker, and Huawei, a Chinese one, to share the methods behind their watches’ metrics, he did not hear back. In any case, says Mr Fietze, no existing wearables, which track sleep using various proxy（代理） measures, can match a clinical polysomnogram (PSG), which takes data directly from the brain using electrodes. Samsung did not respond to a request for comment. Huawei says its device measures sleep duration（持续） with accuracy comparable（可匹敌的） to a PSG.
【8】Sleep-tech may, scientists concede（承认）, help mild insomniacs and sensitive sleepers decide whether they need clinical interventions. Monitoring blood-oxygen in real time, as some wearables do, can help identify disorders including sleep apnea(呼吸暂停), a condition whose sufferers stop breathing while they sleep .But ultimately, Mr Fietze believes, “no gadget can make your sleep better.” If consumers in need of more shuteye reach a similar conclusion, sleep-tech investors’ （投资者）dreams of riches may turn into a profitless（无益的） nightmare.
【译文】
富裕国家的人们存在睡眠不足的问题。美国普通成年人的睡眠时长比他们的曾祖父母那代人少近两个小时。超过三分之一的美国人每晚睡眠时间不足7小时。睡眠不足产生的疲劳与阿尔茨海默病、高血压等疾病的产生密切相关。一项研究显示，这可能会让美国经济每年遭受高达4000亿美元的损失。其他富裕国家也同样遭受失眠问题的困扰。造成失眠的部分原因在于酒精和咖啡因的摄入以及手机和电脑的使用。讽刺的是，人们正在依靠手机和电脑这类设备解决失眠这一问题。
微型传感器现在更容易嵌入到可穿戴设备中，以便在夜间监测用户。谷歌、三星和华为等消费电子行业巨头的产品中都有与睡眠相关的技术。2017年，苹果收购了芬兰床上传感器制造商贝迪特（Beddit），收购金额未公布。尽管苹果似乎正在逐步关闭该公司，但它已经将睡眠功能纳入了其新款智能手表。
专业的“睡眠科技”初创公司提供的产品更花哨。同样来自芬兰、价值近10亿美元的Oura Health出售价值300美元的钛戒指，戒指重量只有几克，内置心率、氧气和活动监测器；金·卡戴珊(KimKardashian)是这款戒指的狂热爱好者。英国公司Kokoon制造了一种无线耳机，它的微型耳塞可以播放放松的声音，而传感器则可以根据血氧水平来推断睡眠阶段。美国一家名为Eight Sleep的公司推出了一款可与应用程序同步的床垫，售价为2000美元。这款床垫可以根据睡眠者的夜间体温变化而升温或降温。
失眠者的增多和技术的发展使得助眠行业繁荣发展。据调研公司Global Market insights估计，2020年，全球范围内此类设备的销售收入达到125亿美元，并且这一数值五年内可能会翻三倍多。Eight Sleep的老板马迪奥·弗朗切斯克蒂（Matteo Franceschetti）认为他公司的潜在市场是“世界上的每一个人”。毕竟，每个人都要睡觉。
他说的没错，但并不是所有人的睡眠质量都很差，也不是所有人都会花2000美元购买他公司自诩的“床垫届兰博基尼”。尽管睡眠技术在不断改进，但仍存在不足。手腕上戴手表睡觉会让人感觉不适，而且电池可能一夜之间就没电了。本报记者发现，如果戴了保护头发的缎面头巾，再佩戴Kokoon耳机就比较困难，而用来掩盖鼾声的“棕色噪音”听起来更像是旧电视机发出的刺耳静电声。
睡眠科技公司的商业模式也存在问题。人们可能会厌烦可穿戴设备，同时，当公司所吹嘘的改进未能实现时，人们也会感到失望。咨询公司Rock Health Advisory去年的一项调查显示，近40%的用户停用了可穿戴睡眠设备，主要是因为它们没有达到预期的催眠效果。睡眠科技公司Kokoon、Oura和Eight Sleep最近都推出了会员模式，试图让人们不断更新他们的设备。与一次性的设备销售相比，订阅制能给这些公司带来更稳定的收入流，同时还能提供用于改进产品的数据。但这也可以理解为公司默认这些设备并不能立竿见影地解决失眠问题。(Oura公司表示，该公司现在为睡眠监测戒指佩戴者提供了多种健康建议，但与睡眠并无直接关联。)
许多科学家担心，与诸多新兴的消费者健康技术一样，睡眠技术往往缺乏标准化的随机对照临床研究，即缺少在大量患者身上进行测试，并与安慰剂进行对比的临床研究。英格费兹（Ingo Fietze） 在大型高校医院Charité Berlin经营着一家睡眠中心，他还在自己的私人实验室里研究新型助眠工具和床垫。他说，他曾要求韩国设备制造商三星和中国设备制造商华为分享其测量手表指标的方法，但并未得到回应。费兹说，无论如何，现有的使用各种替代方法跟
踪睡眠的可穿戴设备都无法与临床多导睡眠图(PSG)相媲美，因为后者通过电极直接从大脑中获取数据。三星对此不予置评。华为表示，其设备测量睡眠持续时间的准确度与PSG相当。
科学家们承认，睡眠技术可以帮助轻度失眠症患者和敏感睡眠者决定他们是否需要临床干预。像一些可穿戴设备那样，实时监测血氧量可以帮助识别睡眠呼吸暂停综合症（患者在睡觉时呼吸停止的现象）等疾病，全球约有10亿人患有这种疾病。但最终，费兹认为 “没有什么设备可以改善睡眠质量。”如果失眠消费者得出类似的结论，那么睡眠科技投资者的发财梦可能会变成一场无利可图的噩梦。
【背景知识】
PSG：多导睡眠图。又称睡眠脑电图。主要用于睡眠和梦境研究以及抑郁症和睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的诊断。
sleep apnea：睡眠呼吸暂停综合症。别称重症鼾病。睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）是一种病因不明的睡眠呼吸疾病，临床表现有夜间睡眠打鼾伴呼吸暂停和白天嗜睡。由于呼吸暂停引起反复发作的夜间低氧和高碳酸血症，可导致高血压，冠心病，糖尿病和脑血管疾病等并发症及交通事故，甚至出现夜间猝死。因此睡眠呼吸暂停综合征是一种有潜在致死性的睡眠呼吸疾病，其治疗方法分为手术治疗和非手术治疗两类。
【课标词汇】
Observe
观察；观测；监视
He spent a year in the jungle, observing how deforestation is affecting local tribes.他在丛林里呆了1年，考察滥伐森林对当地部落造成了何种影响。
注意到，觉察到；看到
Jack observed a look of anxiety on his brother's face.杰克注意到了他哥哥脸上焦急的神情。
In all these films one observes that directors are taking a new interest in Native American culture.在所有这些电影中，人们发现导演们对美国本土文化产生了新的兴趣。
遵守，奉行（法律、规则或习俗）
People must observe the law. Nobody should be an exception.人们必须遵纪守法，谁都不应该例外。
Infer推断，推论，推理
What do you infer from her refusal 你从她的拒绝中能推断出甚么？
I inferred from her expression that she wanted to leave.从她的表情我可判断出她想离开。
Charge
收费，要价，开价
How much/What do you charge for a haircut and blow-dry 剪发和吹风要收多少钱？
The bank charged commission to change my traveller's cheques.银行兑现我的旅行支票收取了手续费。
2)指控，控告
She is charged with murdering her husband.她被指控谋害了自己的丈夫。
3)充电
It's not working - I don't think the battery is charging.它不能运作——我觉得电池没在充电。
Boom（经济的）繁荣，景气;（数量的）增长；（频率的）加快；成功
An economic boom followed, especially in housing and construction...接着出现了经济繁荣，尤其是在房地产业和建筑业。
The 1980s were indeed boom years.20世纪80年代是真正的繁荣时期。
...the cycle of boom and bust which has damaged us for 40 years.40年来给我们造成巨大破坏的经济繁荣与萧条的交替循环
The boom in the sport's popularity has meant more calls for stricter safety regulations...该项体育运动的兴起意味着制定更加严格的安全规则的呼声更高了。
Struggle
奋力;努力
Those who have lost their jobs struggle to pay their supermarket bills.那些失业的人们想方设法以支付超市的账单。
艰难地做;吃力地做
I struggled with my bags, desperately looking for a porter.我提着行李艰难地走着，迫切地寻找着搬运工。
Abandon
离弃；放弃；抛弃；遗弃
We had to abandon the car.我们不得不弃车而去。
By the time the rebel troops arrived, the village had already been abandoned.当叛军杀到时，村民已经撤离了村庄。
As a baby he'd been abandoned by his mother.他在繦褓之中就被母亲遗弃了。
放弃；中止
The match was abandoned at half-time because of the poor weather conditions.由于天气状况太差，比赛进行了一半就停止了。
沉湎于；放纵
He abandoned himself to his emotions.他任由自己的情绪发泄。
Update
1）更新
The database updates automatically when new information is entered. 当输入新信息时，数据库会自动更新。
2）最新报道；最新消息
News updates throughout the day on Radio 5 Live! 第5套广播节目全天候播出最新新闻报道。
stable 稳定的；稳固的；牢固的
If the foundations of the house aren't stable, collapse is possible.如果房子的地基不稳，就有可能倒塌。
The hospital said she was in a stable condition (= not likely to get worse) following the operation.院方说她手术之后情况稳定。
Lack
1）n没有…，…匮乏，…短缺
Lack of sleep had made him irritable.睡眠不足令他烦躁易怒。
If he fails it won't be for/through lack of effort (= he has certainly tried).他若失败了，那肯定不是因为他努力不够。
We won't be going on holiday this year - lack of funds, I'm afraid.今年我们恐怕不会去渡假了——因为没钱。
V. 缺少，缺乏
He just lacks a little confidence.他只是有点缺乏自信。
We are lacking three members of staff due to illness.我们有三人因病缺席。
Match
与…相称，与…相配
Her nails were painted bright red to match her dress...她的指甲涂成了大红色，为的是与裙子相配。
All the chairs matched...所有椅子都是配套的。
比得上,与…不相上下
Our value system does not match with their value system.我们的价值体系和他们的并不相同。
11.respond回答，作答；回应，作出反应
I asked her what the time was, but she didn't respond.我问她几点了，但是她没理我。
He responded by marching off and slamming the door behind him.他的反应是大步走出房间，狠狠甩上了门。
The police respond to emergencies (= arrive and are ready to deal with emergencies) in just a few minutes.紧急事件发生时，员警在短短几分钟内就会作出反应。
12.mild温和的；和缓的；轻微的
She can't accept even mild criticism of her work.即使别人对她的作品略有微词，她也不能接受。
Sensitive敏感的
Her reply showed that she was very sensitive to criticism.她的回答显示她对批评很敏感。
Identify认出，识别
The gunman in Wednesday's attack has been identified as Lee Giggs, an unemployed truck driver.周三袭击事件中的枪手已被确认为李 吉格斯，一个失业的卡车司机。
The police officer identified him self (= gave his name or proved who he was) and asked for our help.警官表明身份并请求我们帮助。
15.ultimately最终，最后
例句： Ultimately, of course, he'd like to have his own business but that won't be for some time.当然，他最终想拥有自己的企业，但那不会很快实现的。
【重点短语】
1.more than 多于；超出；比……多
例句：Hay fever affects males more than females. 男性感染花粉热多于女性。
2.be partly to blame 有部分责任
例句：Blue jeans are partly to blame for pollution of the Pearl River, United Press International reported.合众国际社透露,蓝色牛仔裤被指责是污染珠江的元凶之一.
3.：turn to... for help 求助于…
例句：He’s a good person,you can turn to him for help if you’re ever in a tough situation.他人好，你有什么犯难的事可以找他。
4.wind down 平静下来；放松一下；（钟表等）慢下来
例句：I haven't even begun to think about quitting, or having a last hurrah, or allowing my career to wind down. 不论是突然退出、来个告别演出，还是逐渐淡出，我甚至完全都没有考虑过。
5.after all 毕竟；终究
例句：After all, The Masters is an invitational tournament. 毕竟，这项大师赛是一场邀请赛。
6.far from 远离；远非；完全不
例句：Far from being a dreamer, she's a level-headed pragmatist. 她是个冷静理智的实用主义者，远非一个空想家。
7.drown out 淹没，压过
例句：They drown out Orpheus' music with the hideous roar of their howlings and their screamings and they tear him limb from limb. 她们用可怕的咆哮和尖叫淹没了俄耳甫斯的音乐，把音乐撕成了碎片。
8.as well as也；和……一样；不但……而且
例句：He's got plenty of brains as well as brawn. 他四肢发达，头脑也不简单。
9.on the side 另外；作为兼职，作为副业
例句：I do a bit of baby-sitting on the side, for extra pocket money. 我还会做一些兼职保姆，赚点零花钱。
10.in real time 实时的；及时的；立即
例句：To make the training realistic the simulation operates in real time. 为使训练真实，模拟是实时运行的。
【长难句分析】
原文：In any case, says Mr Fietze, no existing wearables, which track sleep using various proxy measures, can match a clinical polysomnogram (PSG), which takes data directly from the brain using electrodes.
分析：该句主句的结构为主（Mr Fietze）谓（says）宾语从句（（that）no existing wearables can match a clinical polysomnogram (PSG)），其中宾语从句省略了that，宾语从句的结构为主（no existing wearables）谓（can match）宾（a clinical polysomnogram (PSG)）。which track sleep using various proxy measures为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词wearables; which takes data directly from the brain using electrodes也是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a clinical polysomnogram。
【课标词汇精练】
根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”和“重点短语”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。
When the tax office wrote to me demanding unpaid income tax, I that I had been working abroad since 1998.
He has suffered a heart attack - nothing too serious.
He was very about his scar and thought everyone was staring at him.
Even the smallest baby can its mother by her voice.
Everything will depend on what is said at the meeting with the directors next week.
They had to against all kinds of adversity.
I could see the young boy to free himself.
We were sinking fast, and the captain gave the order to ship.
They had to their attempt to climb the mountain.
We are scared to ourselves to our feelings in case we seem weak or out of control.
The latest edition has been completely revised and .
The president gets regular from the National Security Council.
After several part-time jobs, he's now got a job in a bank.
Her only problem is of confidence.
What we in this house is space to store things.
You don't have to your lipstick exactly to your outfit.
Their strengths in memory and spatial skills .
The role of scientists is to and describe the world, not to try to control it.
The guards failed to who delivered the package.
The old people in the village still the local traditions.
They you $20 just to get in the nightclub.
She's been with murder.
She drove the car round the block to (up) its batteries.
Public transport has not been able to cope adequately with the travel .
The editors the proofreaders are working overtime.
Keys:
responded句意：税务所写信催我缴纳拖欠的所得税税款，我回信说我自从1998年以来一直在国外工作。
mild 句意：他只是轻微的心脏病发作，并不太严重。
sensitive句意：他对自己的伤疤很敏感，以为每个人都在盯着他看。
identify句意：就连年龄最小的婴儿也能根据声音分辨出自己的母亲。
ultimately句意：.一切将最终取决于下周开会和董事们商议的结果。
struggle句意：他们不得不同一切困境做斗争。
struggling句意：我看到小男孩正在奋力挣脱。
abandon句意：我们的船沉得很快，船长下令弃船。
.abandon句意：他们被迫放弃攀登这座山的打算。
abandon句意：我们不敢放纵自己的情感，以免显得太过软弱或缺乏自制。
updated句意：最新的版本已作了彻底的修订与更新。
updates 句意：总统定期从国家安全委员会获得最新信息
stable句意：做了几份兼职工作之后，他目前在银行找到了一份稳定的工作。
lack句意：她唯一的问题是缺乏自信。
lack句意：我们这所房子缺少的是储物空间。
match 句意：你不一定非要让唇膏的颜色同礼服完全搭配。
matched句意：他们在记忆力和空间技能方面势均力敌。
observe句意：科学家的任务是观察和描述这个世界，而不是试图控制它。
observe句意：卫兵没有注意到是谁递送的这个包裹。
observe句意：村里的老人仍然遵守当地的传统。
charge 句意：进夜总会的门他们就收你20美元。
charged句意：她被控谋杀。
charge 句意：她开车绕过街区去给电池充电。
boom句意：公共交通系统还不能充分满足迅速发展的旅游业的需求。
as well as句意： 编辑和校对者都在加班工作