必修3 unit 2 过去分词作定语
观察以下句子：
①The suggestions mentioned in class was solved by the teacher.
②The injured person was treated in time as soon as the ambulance came.
③The product has passed the required standard.
④The room decorated by some students looked new.
⑤The stolen car was found by the police.
⑥The people here were ill because they drank the polluted water.
总结规律：
(1)例句①②③④⑤⑥中的过去分词(短语)作定语。
(2)例句②③⑤⑥中为单个的过去分词作定语，常常放于被修饰名词的前面；例句①④中过去分词短语作定语，常常放于被修饰名词的后面。
一、过去分词作定语
1.过去分词作定语的位置
一般来讲，单个过去分词作定语通常放在被修饰名词的前面，而过去分词短语作定语则放在被修饰名词的后面。如以上例句中单个现在分词为②③⑤⑥;现在分词短语为①④。
注意(1)：有些过去分词单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。
There are few tigers left; it is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying
out.
几乎没有老虎剩余；该是相关部门采取措施保护他们免遭灭绝的时候了。
注意(2)：如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等，一般情况下，单个过去分词放在被修饰词的后面。
Is there anything unsolved
有还未解决的问题吗？
2.转化为形容词的过去分词
有些作定语的过去分词已经转化为形容词，与被修饰词构成系表结构，表示被修饰词的状态。如：seated(就坐的)，broken(破碎的),amused(高兴的),confused(困惑的),hidden(隐藏的),injured(受伤的),worried(担忧的)等。
如以上例句中，injured和polluted为转化为形容词的过去分词。
The hidden secret was given away to the public.
隐藏的秘密被公布与众了。
过去分词作定语的逻辑主语
过去分词作定语时，其逻辑主语就是被修饰的名词。在很多情况下，作定语的过去分词或短语可以改写为定语从句。
The celebrities invited to the party complained about the terrible service.
= The celebrities who was invited to the party complained about the terrible service.
被邀请来晚会的名人们投诉了糟糕的服务。
(过去分词作定语，与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系，即celebrity与invite构成被动关系，所以，替换成相应的定语从句时，定语从句的谓语动词应该用被动态，又根据时态，所以使用was invited。)
②He regretted wasting all the time spent on games.
=He regretted wasting all the time that was spent on games.
他后悔浪费了所有花在游戏上的时间。
(过去分词作定语，与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系，即time与spend构成被动关系，所以，替换成相应的定语从句时，定语从句的谓语动词应该用被动态，又根据时态，所以使用was spent。)
③He failed to take satisfying photos because he just saw the risen sun.
=He failed to take satisfying photos because he just saw the sun which had risen.
他没能拍出满意的照片因为他只是看见了升起来的太阳。
(因为rise为不及物动词，所以此处the risen sun表示“已经升起的太阳”，过去分词不表示被动，而表示完成。)
④The fallen leaves made the park attractive.
=The leaves which had fallen made the park attractive.
这些落叶使得公园有吸引力。
(因为fall为不及物动词，所以此处the fallen leaves表示“已经落下的叶子”，过去分词不表示被动，而表示完成。)
二、过去分词作定语的注意事项
1.过去分词作定语的不同表达方式
①过去分词作定语，可以表示被动或完成的关系
A．只表示被动B．只表示完成 C．既表示被动又表示完成
请判断下列句子中加黑部分属于哪种情况
a.America is a developed country. ________
b.I found it hard to understand the English spoken by the native villagers. ________
c. Is there anything planned for the weekend？________
【答案】B; A; C
②过去分词作定语，表示与被修饰词构成系表关系，即表示状态
The confused boy was very curious about the mystery and raised some questions.
2. 现在分词作定语与过去分词作定语的区别
有些不及物动词的现在分词与其过去分词所表达的时间形成鲜明的对比，这些不及物动词的现在分词表示动作正在进行，而过去分词则表示动作已经完成。如：
falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子——fallen leaves 落叶 boiling water 正在沸腾的水——boiled water 开水
a developing country 一个发展中国家——a developed country 一个发达国家
the rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳-----the risen sun 已经升起的太阳
3.不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。
Our retired soccer coach went to watch us play a game last week.
上周我们已退休的足球教练去看我们打了一场比赛。
The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning.
早上初升的太阳正光辉四射。
三、过去分词、现在分词的被动形式与动词不定式的被动形式作定语的区别
done, being done, to be done三者均表示被动含义，过去分词表示已完成的动作，现在分词一般被动式表示正在进行的动作，而不定式的被动式表示动作尚未发生。
翻译以下句子的黑体词部分：
The building built last year is our teaching building. _________________________________________
The building being built now is our teaching building. _________________________________________
The building to be built next month is our teaching building. _______________________________________
【答案】去年被建造的； 现在正被建造的； 下个月将被建造的
巩固练习：
(1)单句语法填空
①You can see ________ (fall) leaves spinning in the wind.
【答案】fallen
【解析】考查过去分词作定语。句意：你可以看见在空中旋转的落叶。Fall为不及物动词，用来修饰leaves,并非表达被动关系，而是表达完成。所以填fallen。
②Most of the artists ________ (invite) to the party were from South Africa.
【答案】invited
【解析】考查过去分词作定语。句意：大部分被邀请来晚会的人来自于南非。Invite用来修饰名词artists，表达被动关系，所以填invited。
③The ________ (wound) soldiers were arranged well and treated carefully.
【答案】wounded
【解析】考查过去分词作定语。句意：受伤的士兵们被安排好，并被悉心治疗。Wounded为形容词转化来的过去分词，用来修饰名词soldiers，表达被修饰词的状态。所以填wounded。
④The boy ___________(seat) at the back of the classroom is clever.
【答案】seated
【解析】考查过去分词作定语。句意：坐在教室后面的男孩很聪明。Seat用来修饰男孩，不表示被动关系，而是表状态，所以用seated。
⑤Things ___________(lose) never come again.
【答案】lost
【解析】考查过去分词作定语。句意：丢失的东西一去不复返。Lose与被修饰词things,表达被动关系，所以用过去分词，所以填lost。
⑥He likes eating ___________(freeze) food.
【答案】frozen
【解析】考查过去分词作定语。句意：他喜欢吃冷冻的食品。Food与freeze之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词，表示“被冷冻的食品，所以填frozen。
⑦The __________(reserve) table in the restaurant was occupied by the impolite customer.
【答案】reserved
【解析】考查过去分词作定语。句意：在饭馆里被预定的餐桌被不礼貌的顾客占了。Reserve与被修饰词table构成被动关系，所以用过去分词表达被动，所以填reserved。
⑧The island, ____________(join) to the mainland by a bridge, is accessible to everyone.
【答案】joined
【解析】考查过去分词作定语。句意：人人可以到达这个岛屿，这个岛屿被桥梁与大陆连接着。Join与被修饰的名词the island构成被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语，所以填joined。
⑨There was no enough time ____________(leave), so I hurried to the office without breakfast.
【答案】left
【解析】考查过去分词作定语。句意：没有足够的时间剩下了了。所以我没有吃早饭很快走向办公室。Leave与被修饰词time构成被动关系，所以填left。
⑩The ___________ (move) people donated what they had to the victims in the flood-stricken area.
【答案】moved
【解析】考查过去分词作定语。句意：感动的人们将他们的东西捐赠到灾区的受害者手中。Moved为转化为形容词的过去分词，用来修饰people的状态，所以填moved。
（2）句型转换，将定语从句转换成过去分词作定语
①He is a teacher who is admired by his students.
→He is a teacher _________________________.
【答案】admired by his students
【解析】考查过去分词作定语。句意：他是一名被学生欣赏的老师。过去分词作定语可以与定语从句相互转化。定语从句中谓语动词为is admired为被动态，所以在非谓语方面，应该用过去分词作定语，用来修饰名词a teacher。所以应该写为admired by his students。
②The girl, who was brought up by her uncle, has begun to work now.
→The girl, ___________________ by her uncle, has begun to work now.
【答案】brought up
【解析】考查过去分词作定语。句意：被她叔叔抚养长大的女孩现在已经开始工作了。过去分词作定语可以与定语从句相互转化。定语从句中谓语动词为was brought up为被动态，所以在非谓语方面，应该用过去分词作定语，用来修饰名词the girl, 所以应该写为brought up。
③The story which was written by a little boy is popular in schools.
→The story ______________________ is popular in schools.
【答案】written by a little boy
【解析】考查过去分词作定语。句意：被小男孩写的故事在学校受到欢迎。过去分词作定语可以与定语从句相互转化。定语从句中谓语动词为was written为被动态，所以在非谓语方面，应该用过去分词作定语，用来修饰名词the story, 所以应该写为written by a little boy。
④The man who had retired was much interested in painting.
→__________________ was much interested in painting.
【答案】The retired man
【解析】考查过去分词作定语。句意：退休的那个人对绘画非常感兴趣。过去分词作定语，用来修饰名词，表示动作的完成，并不表示被动关系。所以应该写为The retired man。
⑤The student who is dressed in blue is my son.
→The student ________________ is my son.
【答案】dressed in blue
【解析】考查过去分词作定语。句意：穿蓝色衣服的那个学生是我的儿子。过去分词作定语，用来修饰名词，表示状态，并不表示被动关系。所以应该写为dressed in blue。
(3)单项选择
1．According to the report, people in the _____ areas are rebuilding their homes and many roads _____ to the areas have been repaired.
A．flooded…lead B．flooding…leading
C．flooded…leading D．flooding…to lead
【答案】C
【详解】考查过去分词作定语。句意：据报道，受灾地区的人们正在重建家园，许多通往受灾地区的道路已经修复。分析可知，第一个空处的词用来修饰名词areas作定语，和名词之间为被动关系，应用过去分词；第二个空处的词用来修饰名词roads作定语，和名词之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，故选C。
2．There have been several new events ________ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
A．add B．to add C．adding D．added
【答案】D
【详解】考查过去分词作定语。句意：2008年北京奥运会增加了几个新项目。分析句子可知，“add to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games”作后置定语修饰名词events，动词add(增加)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语events之间是被动关系，用过去分词added表被动。故选D项。
3．To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study ________ in 2012.
A．conducted B．conducting C．being conducted D．was conducted
【答案】A
【详解】考查过去分词作定语。句意：回到水污染的问题上，我想让你们看看2012年进行的一项研究。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；动词conduct与名词study之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词作后置定语。故选A。
4．Wuhan’s Huoshenshan Hospital __________ within only ten days has played a very important part in fighting against COVID-19.
A．completed B．having been completed
C．being completed D．to be completed
【答案】A
【详解】考查过去分词作定语。句意：武汉十天内建成的火神山医院在抗击新冠肺炎疫情中发挥了重要作用。根据所给句子分析可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词hospital，complete与hospital是被动关系，且发生在谓语has played之前，因此需要使用过去分词completed形式。故选A。
5． All the Chinese people are expecting the government’s four-thousand-billion financial plan ______ around the country, ______ to improve the current economic situation.
A．carried out; intending B．being carried out; intended
C．to be carried out; intended D．to be carried out; intending
【答案】C
【详解】考查过去分词作定语。句意：所有的中国人民都期待政府明年在全国开展的旨在改善当前的经济形势的四万亿年财政计划。第一空指计划将被实施（carry out），应用不定式的被动作后置定语，第二空：be intended to (do)：意图是……，做非谓语时，省略be，过去分词短语intended to作后置定语，故选C。
6．Mr. Moses was once the head of World Architectural Association(WAA), yet he is now nothing more than a ____________.
A．retired anthropologist B．retiring anthropology
C．retired architect D．retiring architecture
【答案】C
【详解】考查过去分词作定语。句意：摩西先生曾是世界建筑协会(WAA)的主席，但他现在只不过是一个退休的建筑师。表示“退休的”应用过去分词转换的形容词retired；architect“建筑师”，architecture“建筑”，根据上文 the head of World Architectural Association可知，此处是指一个建筑师，应用architect表达，retired architect“退休建筑师”。故选C。
7．The club, ________ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.
A．being founded B．founding C．founded D．to be founded
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：成立25年的该俱乐部正在为过去和现在的会员举行聚会。分析句子结构可知found在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语club构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故选C。
8．With his finger ______ to the ______ window, the teacher asked: “Who did that ”
A．pointing; broken B．pointed; broken
C．pointing; breaking D．pointed; breaking
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词,。句意：老师用手指着那扇破窗户问:“是谁干的 ”。finger 和point to 之间存在逻辑主谓关系，故用现在分词pointing；且window和break之间存在逻辑动宾关系故用broken。综上，故选A。
9．The book __________ by the psychology expert teaches you how to find _________ is causing the stress in your life.
A．referring to; which B．refer to; that C．referred to ; what D．referred to ; how
【答案】C
【详解】考查过去分词作定语和宾语从句。句意：心理学传记提到的那本书教会你如何找到导致生活中压力的东西。本句第一空中动词短语refer to与名词the book构成被动关系，所以使用过去分词做定语；第二空考查宾语从句，what引导区宾语从句并在从句中做主语，且指物。故选C。
10．Most notable of these is China's discovery of an ice-like substance, ________ as “fire ice”, under the South China Sea.
A．knowing B．to be known C．having known D．known
【答案】D
【详解】考查过去分词作定语。句意：其中最引人注目的是中国在南中国海海底发现了一种被称为“可燃冰”的冰状物质。________ as “fire ice”是定语，修饰an ice-like substance， an ice-like substance和know之间是被动关系。再结合固定搭配be known as(被称为；被认为是)可知，此处应该用过去分词作定语。故选D。
11．The key to ________ the problem is to meet the demands ________ by the customers.
A．solving; making B．solving; made C．solve; making D．solve; made
【答案】B
【详解】考查过去分词作定语。句意：解决问题的关键是满足顾客的需求。the key to中的to是介词，接动名词作宾语；demands与make之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作后置定语，故B项正确。
12．Much time ________ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
A．spent B．is spent C．has been spent D．having spent
【答案】A
【详解】考查过去分词作定语。句意：办公室职员长时间坐在办公桌前，通常都受到健康问题的困扰。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故spend在句中作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语time构成被动关系，故用过去分词spent。故选A。
13．The city announced severe measures_____ to hold e-bike riders and restaurants that employ the riders responsible.
A．meaning B．to be meant C．meant D．be meant
【答案】C
【详解】考查过去分词作定语。句意：该市宣布了严厉的措施，这些措施旨在让电动自行车的骑手和雇用这些骑手的餐馆担负责任。be meant to表示“有意要、打算”，此处去掉be作后置定语，故C项正确。
14．The witnesses_________ by the police just now described the fight quite differently.
A．questioned B．being questioned C．to be questioned D．questioning
【答案】A
【详解】考查过去分词作定语。句意：刚刚被警察询问的目击者现在描述这个打斗很不同。这里是非谓语动词做定语，因为witnesses和question是被动关系，用过去分词做定语，所以选A。
15．The question ____at yesterday’s meeting hasn’t been made__________yet.
A．discussing, know B．discussed, known
C．being discussed, know D．to be discussed, know
【答案】B
【详解】考查过去分词作定语。句意：昨天会议上讨论的问题现在都还不知道。discuss用来做定语修饰question的，问题是被讨论，所以要用过去分词。而后面的known则是用来做宾补的，表示让某事被做。答案选B。必修3 unit 2 过去分词作定语
观察以下句子：
①The suggestions mentioned in class was solved by the teacher.
②The injured person was treated in time as soon as the ambulance came.
③The product has passed the required standard.
④The room decorated by some students looked new.
⑤The stolen car was found by the police.
⑥The people here were ill because they drank the polluted water.
总结规律：
(1)例句①②③④⑤⑥中的过去分词(短语)作__________________。
(2)例句②③⑤⑥中为单个的过去分词作定语，常常放于被修饰名词的________；例句①④中过去分词短语作定语，常常放于被修饰名词的________。
一、过去分词作定语
1.过去分词作定语的位置
一般来讲，单个过去分词作定语通常放在被修饰名词的前面，而过去分词短语作定语则放在被修饰名词的后面。如以上例句中单个现在分词为___________;现在分词短语为____________。
注意(1)：有些过去分词单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。
There are few tigers left; it is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying
out.
几乎没有老虎剩余；该是相关部门采取措施保护他们免遭灭绝的时候了。
注意(2)：如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等，一般情况下，单个过去分词放在被修饰词的后面。
Is there anything unsolved
有还未解决的问题吗？
2.转化为形容词的过去分词
有些作定语的过去分词已经转化为形容词，与被修饰词构成系表结构，表示被修饰词的状态。如：seated(就坐的)，broken(破碎的),amused(高兴的),confused(困惑的),hidden(隐藏的),injured(受伤的),worried(担忧的)等。
如以上例句中,__________和___________为转化为形容词的过去分词。
The hidden secret was given away to the public.
隐藏的秘密被公布与众了。
过去分词作定语的逻辑主语
过去分词作定语时，其逻辑主语就是被修饰的名词。在很多情况下，作定语的过去分词或短语可以改写为定语从句。
The celebrities invited to the party complained about the terrible service.
= The celebrities who ____________________ to the party complained about the terrible service.
被邀请来晚会的名人们投诉了糟糕的服务。
②He regretted wasting all the time spent on games.
=He regretted wasting all the time that____________________on games.
他后悔浪费了所有花在游戏上的时间。
③He failed to take satisfying photos because he just saw the risen sun.
=He failed to take satisfying photos because he just saw the sun which___________________.
他没能拍出满意的照片因为他只是看见了升起来的太阳。
④The fallen leaves made the park attractive.
=The leaves which ____________________made the park attractive.
这些落叶使得公园有吸引力。
二、过去分词作定语的注意事项
1.过去分词作定语的不同表达方式
①过去分词作定语，可以表示被动或完成的关系
A．只表示被动B．只表示完成 C．既表示被动又表示完成
请判断下列句子中加黑部分属于哪种情况
a.America is a developed country. ________
b.I found it hard to understand the English spoken by the native villagers. ________
c. Is there anything planned for the weekend？________
②过去分词作定语，表示与被修饰词构成系表关系，即表示状态
The confused boy was very curious about the mystery and raised some questions.
2. 现在分词作定语与过去分词作定语的区别
有些不及物动词的现在分词与其过去分词所表达的时间形成鲜明的对比，这些不及物动词的现在分词表示动作正在进行，而过去分词则表示动作已经完成。如：
falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子——fallen leaves 落叶 boiling water 正在沸腾的水——boiled water 开水
a developing country 一个发展中国家——a developed country 一个发达国家
the rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳-----the risen sun 已经升起的太阳
3.不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。
Our retired soccer coach went to watch us play a game last week.
上周我们已退休的足球教练去看我们打了一场比赛。
The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning.
早上初升的太阳正光辉四射。
三、过去分词、现在分词的被动形式与动词不定式的被动形式作定语的区别
done, being done, to be done三者均表示被动含义，过去分词表示已完成的动作，现在分词一般被动式表示正在进行的动作，而不定式的被动式表示动作尚未发生。
翻译以下句子的黑体词部分：
The building built last year is our teaching building. _________________________________________
The building being built now is our teaching building. ______________________________________
The building to be built next month is our teaching building. __________________________________
巩固练习：
(1)单句语法填空
①You can see ________ (fall) leaves spinning in the wind.
②Most of the artists ________ (invite) to the party were from South Africa.
③The ________ (wound) soldiers were arranged well and treated carefully.
④The boy ___________(seat) at the back of the classroom is clever.
⑤Things ___________(lose) never come again.
⑥He likes eating ___________(freeze) food.
⑦The __________(reserve) table in the restaurant was occupied by the impolite customer.
⑧The island, ____________(join) to the mainland by a bridge, is accessible to everyone.
⑨There was no enough time ____________(leave), so I hurried to the office without breakfast.
⑩The ___________ (move) people donated what they had to the victims in the flood-stricken area.
（2）句型转换，将定语从句转换成过去分词作定语
①He is a teacher who is admired by his students.
→He is a teacher _________________________.
②The girl, who was brought up by her uncle, has begun to work now.
→The girl, ___________________ by her uncle, has begun to work now.
③The story which was written by a little boy is popular in schools.
→The story ______________________ is popular in schools.
④The man who had retired was much interested in painting.
→__________________ was much interested in painting.
⑤The student who is dressed in blue is my son.
→The student ________________ is my son.
(3)单项选择
1．According to the report, people in the _____ areas are rebuilding their homes and many roads _____ to the areas have been repaired.
A．flooded…lead B．flooding…leading
C．flooded…leading D．flooding…to lead
2．There have been several new events ________ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
A．add B．to add C．adding D．added
3．To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study ________ in 2012.
A．conducted B．conducting C．being conducted D．was conducted
4．Wuhan’s Huoshenshan Hospital __________ within only ten days has played a very important part in fighting against COVID-19.
A．completed B．having been completed
C．being completed D．to be completed
5． All the Chinese people are expecting the government’s four-thousand-billion financial plan ______ around the country, ______ to improve the current economic situation.
A．carried out; intending B．being carried out; intended
C．to be carried out; intended D．to be carried out; intending
6．Mr. Moses was once the head of World Architectural Association(WAA), yet he is now nothing more than a ____________.
A．retired anthropologist B．retiring anthropology
C．retired architect D．retiring architecture
7．The club, ________ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.
A．being founded B．founding C．founded D．to be founded
8．With his finger ______ to the ______ window, the teacher asked: “Who did that ”
A．pointing; broken B．pointed; broken
C．pointing; breaking D．pointed; breaking
9．The book __________ by the psychology expert teaches you how to find is causing the stress in your life.
A．referring to; which B．refer to; that C．referred to ; what D．referred to ; how
10．Most notable of these is China's discovery of an ice-like substance, ________ as “fire ice”, under the South China Sea.
A．knowing B．to be known C．having known D．known
11．The key to ________ the problem is to meet the demands ________ by the customers.
A．solving; making B．solving; made C．solve; making D．solve; made
12．Much time ________ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
A．spent B．is spent C．has been spent D．having spent
13．The city announced severe measures_____ to hold e-bike riders and restaurants that employ the riders responsible.
A．meaning B．to be meant C．meant D．be meant
14．The witnesses_________ by the police just now described the fight quite differently.
A．questioned B．being questioned C．to be questioned D．questioning
15．The question ____at yesterday’s meeting hasn’t been made__________yet.
A．discussing, know B．discussed, known
C．being discussed, know D．to be discussed, know
