2023-2024学年高中英语：句法-五大基本句型课件(共27张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2023-2024学年高中英语：句法-五大基本句型课件(共27张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-03-12 15:01:53 | ||
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(共27张PPT)
英语简单句五大基本句型
英语五大基本句型
You come. 你来。
I love you. 我爱你。
I you you my heart. 我把心给你。
You make me happy. 你让我快乐。
You are my everything. 你是我的一切。
总结：英语句子有以下严格要求：1.必须有_________；2.必须有_______；
3.要能表达____________，若意思不完整则需要在主语和谓语动词后添加其他补充成分如表语/宾语/宾补。
主语
谓语
一个完整的意思
主谓
主谓宾
主谓间宾直宾
主谓宾+宾补
主系表
1. The sun │was shining.
2. What he said │does not matter.
基本句型 一：
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面不能加宾语。
ＳＶ（主＋谓）
小试牛刀：用主谓句型翻译下面的句子。
1.月亮升起了。
__________________________________________
2.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
__________________________________________
The moon rose.
We all breathe，eat and drink.
基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）
1. They │talked │ for half an hour.
2. The pen │writes│ smoothly
此句型实际是句型一的延伸，在谓语后面跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等做状语。
S V A (主+ 谓+ 状)
小试牛刀：用主谓状句型翻译下面的句子。
1. 那天早上我们谈了很多。
____________________________________________
2. 会议将持续两个小时。
____________________________________________
That morning we talked a lot.
The meeting will last two hours.
Ｓ Ｖ A（主＋谓+状）
1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.
2. The dinner │smells │good.
3. He │is growing │tall and strong.
基本句型二：
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。
S V P (主+ 系+ 表)
小试牛刀：用主系表句型翻译下面的句子。
1.一切看来都不同了。
_____________________________________
2.他的脸红了。
_____________________________________
Everything seems/looks different.
His face turned red.
基本句型二：ＳＶP（主＋系+表）
1. Who │knows │the answer
2. He │enjoys │reading.
3. He │admits │that he was mistaken.
基本句型三：
此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等
S V O (主+ 谓+ 宾)
小试牛刀：用主谓宾句型翻译下面的句子。
孩子们探索了那座山。
________________________________________________
2. 我们学校组织了一次羽毛球赛。
_______________________________________________
The children explored the mountain.
Our school organised a badminton match.
基本句型三：ＳＶO（主＋谓+宾）
1.She│ looked after │her sister│ patiently .
2.We │should serve│ the people│ heart and soul.
3.I│was writing │my homework│ when the teacher came in.
此句型是基本句型四的延伸，在句子末尾可以加副词，介词短语，状语从句等充当状语
S V O A (主+ 谓+ 宾+状)
小试牛刀：用主谓宾状句型翻译下面的句子。
1.这本书他读过多次了。
________________________________________________
2.他们成功地完成了计划。
________________________________________________
He has read/read the book many times.
They have carried out the plan successfully.
Ｓ Ｖ O A（主＋谓+宾+状）
1. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal.
2. He │brought │you │a dictionary.
3. He │showed │me │how to run the machine.
基本句型四：
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。
S V O O (主+ 谓+ 间宾+直宾)
小试牛刀：用主谓双宾状句型翻译下面的句子。
1.我给他看我的照片。
________________________________________________
2.我告诉他汽车晚点了。
________________________________________________
I showed him my photos.
I told him that the bus was late.
基本句型四：ＳＶOO（主＋谓+间宾+直宾）
一、找出下列句子的句式结构。
1. Challenges might sometimes put you under pressure.
2. It all depends on what you do.
3.I had pictured it over and over again in my mind.
4. The campus was still quiet when I arrived.
5. The girl next to me gave me a nudge.
6. His words made me a lot more relaxed.
习 题
二、按要求翻译下面的句子。
1.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。（主谓状）
2.我们有同样的名字。（主谓宾）
3.你应该帮你朋友一把。（主谓双宾）
Over the past ten years, my hometown has changed greatly.
We have the same name.
You should give your friend a hand.
习 题
1. They │appointed │him │manager.
2. They │painted │the door │green.
3. This │set │them │thinking.
4. They │found │the house │deserted.
基本句型五：
此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
S V O C (主+ 谓+宾+宾补)
小试牛刀：用主谓宾宾补句型翻译下面的句子。
1. 战争使他成为一名战士。
_______________________________________________
2. 新方法使这项工作变得轻松.
________________________________________________
The war made him a soldier.
New methods make the job easy.
基本句型五：S V O C（主＋谓+宾+宾补）
There is a hill in the middle of the park.
Once upon a time there was an old king in the town．
基本句型六：
此句型是由“there＋be＋主语＋状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。 它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。
There be句型
小试牛刀：用There be句型翻译下面的句子。
1.高中生活会有很多挑战。
________________________________________________.
2.我们学校有一个体育馆。
________________________________________________
There will be many challenges in senior high.
There is a gym in our school.
基本句型六：There be句型
知识拓展
常用的英语句子并不都像基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。我们称之为：定语、状语。
We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers.
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.
一、找出下列句子的句式结构。
习 题
1）Mr. Black is English.
___________________
2）The teacher taught us some new words.
___________________
3）The farmer is picking the apples.
___________________
4）The temperature dropped.
___________________
5）They turned to the right.
___________________
6）I would like to be your pen-friend.
___________________
7）I have short black hair and brown eyes.
___________________
8）I also enjoy playing chess.
___________________
9）I have a brother called Edwin.
___________________
10）My ambition is to be an engineer.
___________________
参考答案：
1)SVP 2)SVOO 3)SVO 4)SV 5)SV
6)SVO 7)SVO 8)SVO 9)SVOC 10)SVP
二、分析句子成分及句子结构。
1. Everyone makes mistakes in his or her life．
2. This photo reminded the old man of the days when he was young.
3. My PE teacher often teaches us how to play football.
4. In the past few years, great changes have taken place in Lianyungang.
5. These flowers in the garden smell very sweet.
6. It took me almost a whole day to deal with so many emails.
7. Professor Li had gave us a very meaningful lesson before we graduated from our college.
习 题
8. Finally we worked out the question, a very difficult question.
9. They went climbing on the morning of May and came back in the afternoon．
10. I think playing tennis is a good way to learn the spirit of teamwork.
11. That’s a good habit. It keeps you healthy.
12. Make sure you have prepared everything well before you carry out the plan．
13. The Dragon Boat Festival this year will come in four days.
14. A study shows that good habits play a very important part in children’s education.
15. The government is spending plenty of money building the countryside.
16. He promised to come for the interview on Monday.
17. I heard him speaking loudly when I passed by just now.
18. Let’s go to the nearest restaurant to get something to eat.
习 题
THANK YOU！
英语简单句五大基本句型
英语五大基本句型
You come. 你来。
I love you. 我爱你。
I you you my heart. 我把心给你。
You make me happy. 你让我快乐。
You are my everything. 你是我的一切。
总结：英语句子有以下严格要求：1.必须有_________；2.必须有_______；
3.要能表达____________，若意思不完整则需要在主语和谓语动词后添加其他补充成分如表语/宾语/宾补。
主语
谓语
一个完整的意思
主谓
主谓宾
主谓间宾直宾
主谓宾+宾补
主系表
1. The sun │was shining.
2. What he said │does not matter.
基本句型 一：
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面不能加宾语。
ＳＶ（主＋谓）
小试牛刀：用主谓句型翻译下面的句子。
1.月亮升起了。
__________________________________________
2.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
__________________________________________
The moon rose.
We all breathe，eat and drink.
基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）
1. They │talked │ for half an hour.
2. The pen │writes│ smoothly
此句型实际是句型一的延伸，在谓语后面跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等做状语。
S V A (主+ 谓+ 状)
小试牛刀：用主谓状句型翻译下面的句子。
1. 那天早上我们谈了很多。
____________________________________________
2. 会议将持续两个小时。
____________________________________________
That morning we talked a lot.
The meeting will last two hours.
Ｓ Ｖ A（主＋谓+状）
1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.
2. The dinner │smells │good.
3. He │is growing │tall and strong.
基本句型二：
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。
S V P (主+ 系+ 表)
小试牛刀：用主系表句型翻译下面的句子。
1.一切看来都不同了。
_____________________________________
2.他的脸红了。
_____________________________________
Everything seems/looks different.
His face turned red.
基本句型二：ＳＶP（主＋系+表）
1. Who │knows │the answer
2. He │enjoys │reading.
3. He │admits │that he was mistaken.
基本句型三：
此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等
S V O (主+ 谓+ 宾)
小试牛刀：用主谓宾句型翻译下面的句子。
孩子们探索了那座山。
________________________________________________
2. 我们学校组织了一次羽毛球赛。
_______________________________________________
The children explored the mountain.
Our school organised a badminton match.
基本句型三：ＳＶO（主＋谓+宾）
1.She│ looked after │her sister│ patiently .
2.We │should serve│ the people│ heart and soul.
3.I│was writing │my homework│ when the teacher came in.
此句型是基本句型四的延伸，在句子末尾可以加副词，介词短语，状语从句等充当状语
S V O A (主+ 谓+ 宾+状)
小试牛刀：用主谓宾状句型翻译下面的句子。
1.这本书他读过多次了。
________________________________________________
2.他们成功地完成了计划。
________________________________________________
He has read/read the book many times.
They have carried out the plan successfully.
Ｓ Ｖ O A（主＋谓+宾+状）
1. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal.
2. He │brought │you │a dictionary.
3. He │showed │me │how to run the machine.
基本句型四：
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。
S V O O (主+ 谓+ 间宾+直宾)
小试牛刀：用主谓双宾状句型翻译下面的句子。
1.我给他看我的照片。
________________________________________________
2.我告诉他汽车晚点了。
________________________________________________
I showed him my photos.
I told him that the bus was late.
基本句型四：ＳＶOO（主＋谓+间宾+直宾）
一、找出下列句子的句式结构。
1. Challenges might sometimes put you under pressure.
2. It all depends on what you do.
3.I had pictured it over and over again in my mind.
4. The campus was still quiet when I arrived.
5. The girl next to me gave me a nudge.
6. His words made me a lot more relaxed.
习 题
二、按要求翻译下面的句子。
1.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。（主谓状）
2.我们有同样的名字。（主谓宾）
3.你应该帮你朋友一把。（主谓双宾）
Over the past ten years, my hometown has changed greatly.
We have the same name.
You should give your friend a hand.
习 题
1. They │appointed │him │manager.
2. They │painted │the door │green.
3. This │set │them │thinking.
4. They │found │the house │deserted.
基本句型五：
此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
S V O C (主+ 谓+宾+宾补)
小试牛刀：用主谓宾宾补句型翻译下面的句子。
1. 战争使他成为一名战士。
_______________________________________________
2. 新方法使这项工作变得轻松.
________________________________________________
The war made him a soldier.
New methods make the job easy.
基本句型五：S V O C（主＋谓+宾+宾补）
There is a hill in the middle of the park.
Once upon a time there was an old king in the town．
基本句型六：
此句型是由“there＋be＋主语＋状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。 它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。
There be句型
小试牛刀：用There be句型翻译下面的句子。
1.高中生活会有很多挑战。
________________________________________________.
2.我们学校有一个体育馆。
________________________________________________
There will be many challenges in senior high.
There is a gym in our school.
基本句型六：There be句型
知识拓展
常用的英语句子并不都像基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。我们称之为：定语、状语。
We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers.
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.
一、找出下列句子的句式结构。
习 题
1）Mr. Black is English.
___________________
2）The teacher taught us some new words.
___________________
3）The farmer is picking the apples.
___________________
4）The temperature dropped.
___________________
5）They turned to the right.
___________________
6）I would like to be your pen-friend.
___________________
7）I have short black hair and brown eyes.
___________________
8）I also enjoy playing chess.
___________________
9）I have a brother called Edwin.
___________________
10）My ambition is to be an engineer.
___________________
参考答案：
1)SVP 2)SVOO 3)SVO 4)SV 5)SV
6)SVO 7)SVO 8)SVO 9)SVOC 10)SVP
二、分析句子成分及句子结构。
1. Everyone makes mistakes in his or her life．
2. This photo reminded the old man of the days when he was young.
3. My PE teacher often teaches us how to play football.
4. In the past few years, great changes have taken place in Lianyungang.
5. These flowers in the garden smell very sweet.
6. It took me almost a whole day to deal with so many emails.
7. Professor Li had gave us a very meaningful lesson before we graduated from our college.
习 题
8. Finally we worked out the question, a very difficult question.
9. They went climbing on the morning of May and came back in the afternoon．
10. I think playing tennis is a good way to learn the spirit of teamwork.
11. That’s a good habit. It keeps you healthy.
12. Make sure you have prepared everything well before you carry out the plan．
13. The Dragon Boat Festival this year will come in four days.
14. A study shows that good habits play a very important part in children’s education.
15. The government is spending plenty of money building the countryside.
16. He promised to come for the interview on Monday.
17. I heard him speaking loudly when I passed by just now.
18. Let’s go to the nearest restaurant to get something to eat.
习 题
THANK YOU！