2023-2024学年高中英语：时态（2）课件(共21张PPT)

(共21张PPT)
时态 （2）
16种时态
1). 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例：I have lost my key.（说明过去某时丢的，现在还未找到。）
2). 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
　 例：I have known him for ten years.
3). 表示从过去到现在之间曾经经历过的事。
例：We have been to the Summer Palace twice.
They are not here. They have gone to the Summer Palace.
常用的时间状语：already，yet，ever，never，just，before，recently，lately，for+时间段，since+时间点，in the past/last+段时间，so far，by now，up to now等
现在完成时
future
past
now
future
past
now
主语+have/has+动词的过去分词
①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他.
②否定句：主语+have not/has not+动词的过去分词+其他。
③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他
肯定回答：Yes,I have.或Yes,she/he/人名 has.
否定回答：No,I haven't.或No，she/he/人名 hasn't.
过去分词变化规则
（一）规则变化
变化规则 原形 过去式 过去分词
一般在动词原形后加-ed look looked looked
以-e结尾的动词加-d move moved moved
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed study studied studied
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ed stop plan stopped planned stopped
planned
（二）不规则变化
英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则，可分为以下类型：
原形 过去式 过去分词
cut cut cut
put put put
cost cost cost
2.ABB型 即过去式、过去分词相同
原形 过去式 过去分词
find found found
pay paid paid
leave left left
1. AAA型 即原形、过去式、过去分词三者都相同
3.ABA型 即原形和过去分词相同
原形 过去式 过去分词
come came come
run ran run
become became become
4.AAB型 即原形和过去式相同
原形 过去式 过去分词
beat beat beaten
5.ABC型 即原形、过去式、过去分词三者都不同
原形 过去式 过去分词
begin began begun
drink drank drunk
give gave given
原形 过去式 过去分词
dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt
spell spelled/spelt spelled/spelt
smell smelled/smelt smelled/smelt
5.有些动词有两种过去式和过去分词
注意：因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时，有动态和延续性的特点，要用延续性动词，不能使用瞬间动词。
例：The old man has been dead for 2 years.（过去分词做表语表示状态，可以延续）
The old man died 2 years ago.（终端动词）
而现在完成进行时表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。
动作 leave die marry join begin
状态 be away be dead be married be in be on
( ) 1. I __________ this computer for 5 years.
A. bought B. has C. have bought D. have had
( ) 2. She __________ Paris since two years ago.
A. has left from B. has been away from
C. went away from D. was away from
( ) 3. It ________ ten months since I entered the this school.
A. is B. has been C. was D. A and B
( ) 4. - How long ______ you ______ the story books from the library
- Two weeks.
A. have, kept B. have, borrowed C. did, borrow D. have lent
1.My father came back from the bookshop just now.
My father ______ just ________ ______ the book shop.
2.He began to learn Chinese in 2001.
He _____ _______ Chinese since 2001.
3.The film began two minutes ago.
The film _____ ______ ______ since two minutes ago.
4.He has had the motorbike for two years.
It’s two years ______he ________ the motorbike.
He ________ the motorbike two years ______.
Two years ______ ______ since he ______ the motor bike
表示过去某时开始，一直持续到另一时间和状态。即动作完成于某个过去时间之前。常用的时间状语：由by，before等词构成的表示时间的介词短语。“过去的过去”这种逻辑关系常通过上下文体现出来，而不一定受某个时间状语的限制。
例：We had not heard from him by the end of last year.
She said she had learned French for six years.
过去完成时
future
past
now
基本结构：had +过去分词
肯定句：had+过去分词
否定句：had not+ 过去分词
一般疑问句:had+ 主语+ 过去分词
回答：Yes, 主语+ had. / No, 主语+ hadn’t.
特殊疑问句： 疑问词+一般疑问句
We ___________(learn) 30 lessons by the end of last month.
He found the book that he__________.
3. I didn’t know I __________you so much trouble.
5. After he ________________his work, he went to bed.
had learnt
had lost
had given
(had) finished
现在完成进行时
常用来表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。
例：I'm very tired. I have been checking the students' papers all the morning.
表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。
例：I have been calling him many times this morning，but I can't get through.
现在完成时 表示过去开始的一个动作到目前为止已经完成，体现动作的结果
现在完成进行时 表示过去开始的一个动作到目前为止仍在进行，甚至仍将继续
现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别：
I've read Tiny Times.
我已经读过《小时代》了。(已经完成)
I have been reading Tiny Times these days.
这些天我一直在读《小时代》。(仍在进行甚至仍将继续)
1. Since Zhangjiajie ____________________ (improve) its transportation and service for long, the city now can receive 36，200 tourists per day.
2. —Tony，why are your eyes red
—I _______________ (cut)up peppers for the last five minutes.
has been improving
have been cutting
时 态 谓 语 构 成
一般现在时 do / does/ am,is,are
一般过去时 did / was, were
一般将来时 be going to＋do
will / shall + do
现在进行时 be(am/is/are)＋doing
过去进行时 was / were +doing
现在完成时 have / has +done
过去完成时 had + done
过去将来时 would + do
现在完成进行时 have/has been doing
时 态 （1+2） 总结
1.The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years.
Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
2.—Our country ______ a lot so far .
　—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good
Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better
3.Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study
Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying
4. The students their classroom when the visitors arrived.
A . have cleaned B. had cleaned
C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned
5. My brother here for three years.
Ａ. have come Ｂ. came Ｃ. haven’t come Ｄ.come
1. He ______ swimming in the river every day in summer. (go)
2.Tom and Mike always __________ (swim) in the river. They ________ (swim) in the swimming pool three days ago. Look! They ________________ (swim).
3. Jim with his parents __________(visit) the Great Wall the day after tomorrow.
4. What you (do) tomorrow afternoon
5. He is very hungry. He_________ anything for three days. ( not eat )
6. He ______ to the radio when I came in, ( listen )
7.“ When ______ you ______ the car ” “ In 1998 . ”( buy )
8. We ______ good friends since we met at school . （be）
9. What ______ you ______ at five yesterday afternoon (do)
10. I can’t find my pen . Who ______ it ( take )
11. He says that he ______ back in five minutes . ( come )
12. I ______ my bike, so I have to walk to school. ( lose )