2023-2024学年高考英语：被动语态课件(共66张PPT)

(共66张PPT)
被动语态
passive voice
WARMING UP
Q：英语中如何表达被的含义？？？
沙僧：“大师兄，师傅被妖怪抓走了，
大师兄，二师兄被妖怪抓走了，
大师兄，师傅和二师兄被妖怪抓走了，
大师兄，我被妖怪抓走了。”
目 录
Part 1
概念&转换方法
Part 2
被动语态构成及分类
Part 3
被动语态时态应用
Part 4
被动语态用法集锦
Part 1
概念&转换方法
01
02
主动语态
句子的主语是动作的执行者，为主动语态 如：Many people speak English.
被动语态
句子的主语是动作的承受者，为被动语态 如：English is spoken by many people.
语态：表示主语和谓语的关系，
英语中只有两种语态
概念
1.变宾为主
2.把谓语变成被动结构
转换方法
3.变主语为介词by的宾语
主动句： 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语
被动句： 主语 + be +及物动词过去分词 + by+ 宾语
有题有真相：
1.Many students study English.
English
is studied
by many students.
转换方法
有题有真相：
2. They make shoes in that factory.
Shoes
are made
by them
in that factory.
转换方法
Part 02
被动语态构成及分类
Tip: be随时态变化，稍后呈现～
被动语态的基本结构
主语 + be + 过去分词 + by 宾语 +其他
动作
承受者
构成：“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”
be+ done
动作
动作
执行者
时间
地点等
构成：S+V+O
（主语+谓语+宾语）
Eg：Tom killed him.
→ He was killed by Tom.
She does her homework at school.(改为被动语态）
动动脑
及物动词被动语态结构
Answer
→ Her homework is done by her at school.
及物动词被动语态结构
构成：S + V+ Oi + Od
（主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语）
.
注：带双宾语句子的被动语态，一般把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，另一个不动。如把直接宾语变为被动语态的则需在间宾前加for或to.
→ A book was given to me by Tom.
双宾语被动语态结构
用例句说话：
I brought him a book.
间接宾语做主语：
→He was brought a book by me.
直接宾语做主语：
→A book was brought for him by me.
He gave the boy an apple．（改为被动语态）
动动脑
双宾语被动语态结构
→The boy was given an apple．
→ An apple was given to the boy．
Answer
双宾语被动语态结构
构成： S + V+ O+ C
（主语+谓语+宾语+宾补）
Children saw the balloons rising.
→ The balloons were seen rising by the children.
They will make Beijing more beautiful. (改为被动语态)
动动脑
带宾语补足语的被动语态结构
→ Beijing will be made more beautiful by them．
Answer
带宾语补足语的被动语态结构
宾语从句
They say Mr. Black will come to China soon.
→ It’s said that Mr. Black will come to China soon.
It’s reported that/ It’s thought that/ It’s believed that/ It’s suggested that/ It’s well known that/ It’s hoped that…
宾语从句的被动语态结构
将下列句子改为被动语态
Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.
His mother gave him a present for his birthday.
I often hear her sing this popular song.
He often tells us interesting stories.
You must answer the question in English .
牛刀小试
Answer
The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
She is often heard to sing this popular song.
We are often told interesting stories by him.
Interesting stories are often told to us by him.
5. The question must be answered in English by you.
牛刀小试
be+动词的过去分词
有各种时态的变化
Part 03
被动语态时态应用
Sun Shangxiang was killed by
Diao Chan.
被动语态时态应用
The lost boy at the street corner last night.
A. was found
B. is found
C. was looked for
一般过去时的被动语态：
被动语态时态应用
The lost boy at the street corner last night.
A. was found
B. is found
C. was looked for
一般过去时的被动语态：
被动语态时态应用
was/were + done
把下列句子变成被动语态
They built the tall building last year.
He took good care of his little brother yesterday.
We cleaned our classroom just now.
They used this room for resting.
They planted many trees two years ago.
被动语态时态应用
The tall building was built by them last year.
His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.
Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.
This room was used for resting by them.
Many trees were planted by them two years ago.
被动语态时态应用
The sports meeting will be held in the playground tomorrow.
被动语态时态应用
More man-made satellites( 人造卫星） in the future.
A. will send up
B. will be sent up
C. are sent up
一般将来时的用法：
被动语态时态应用
More man-made satellites( 人造卫星） in the future.
A. will send up
B. will be sent up
C. are sent up
一般将来时的被动语态：
will be done
be going to be done
被动语态时态应用
The book is being read by the hard-working boy now.
The book was being read by the hard-working boy at 8:00pm yesterday.
被动语态时态应用
现在进行时:am/is/are+ doing 被动语态: be +done
现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are+being done
被动语态时态应用
过去进行时:was/were+ doing 被动语态: be +done
过去进行时的被动语态：was/were+being done
被动语态时态应用
The Despicable Me has been seen twice by the girl.
被动语态时态应用
现在完成时的被动语态：
Three bridges since last year.
A. have built
B. were built
C. have been built
被动语态时态应用
现在完成时的被动语态：
have/has been done
Three bridges since last year.
A. have built
B. were built
C. have been built
被动语态时态应用
By the time I came back, the floor
had been cleaned by my mother.
被动语态时态应用
By the time I came back, the floor
had been cleaned by my mother.
过去完成时的被动语态:
had been done
被动语态时态应用
构成：情态动词＋be＋过去分词

The baby-sitter should take good care of the baby.
→ The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
We can easily download music from the Internet. (改为被动语态）

动动脑
情态动词被动语态结构
→ Music can be easily download from the Internet．
Answer
情态动词被动语态结构
小试个牛刀
1. He can take care of the baby.
2. Lucy may draw the pictures.
3. You must turn off the lights.
4. They should learn English well.
5. Jim could do it yesterday.
把下列句子变成被动语态
The baby can be taken care of by him.
The picture may be drawn by Lucy.
The lights must be turned off by you.
English should be learned well by them.
It could be done by Jim yesterday.
机智如我
被动语态归纳总结
一般现在时：主语+ am/is/are+ 动词的过去分词
一般过去时：主语+ was/were +动词的过去分词
一般将来时：主语+ will + be+动词的过去分词
现在进行时：主语+ am/is/are+ being 动词的过去分词
过去进行时：主语+ was/were +being + 动词的过去分词
现在完成时：主语+ have/has+ been +动词的过去分词
过去完成时：主语+had + been +动词的过去分词
含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be＋过去分词
Part 04
被动语态用法集锦
被动语态的基础用法
1、不知道动作的执行者是谁。
eg. This kind of car is made in Shanghai.
2、因为某种原因，不必说出动作的执行者是谁。
eg. I was invited to the party last week.
3、需要强调动作的承受者。
eg. The old are taken good care of in our country.
4、句子结构需要--动作的执行者需要有较长的修饰语，
如果用主动语态可能会引起歧义或影响句子平衡。
eg. The hospital was built by a famous doctor
who came here 30 years ago.
5、固定句型，表示“据说”、“据报道”、“相信，认为”等。
It is said that.../It is reported that...
It is believed that.../It is well known that...
被动语态的基础用法
被动语态的特殊用法
1、还原to不定式的用法
在有些主动语态中，不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式符号“to”常省略掉，但是在改为被动语态时，不定式“to”必须还原回来。常见的动词有：
4“看” see（看见） watch（注视） notice（注意） look at（看）
3“使役” let（让） make（使） have（使）
2“听” hear（听见） listen（听）
1“感觉” feel
半“帮助” help
Eg：
1、I saw him come into the school hall.
----He was seen to come into the school hall by me.
2、He made me knock at the door.
----I was made to knock at the door by him.
3、I help my father repair the watch.
----My father is helped to repair the watch by me.
被动语态的特殊用法
被动语态的特殊用法
2、没有被动语态的动词和动词短语
（1）不及物动词和相当于不及物动词的短语
happen （发生） appear （呈现） last （持续） end （结束） fail （失败） sit
（坐下）
lie （躺） remain （保持） die （死） rise （上升） fall （落下） spread
（伸展）
disappear （消失） come out （出现） lose heart （失去信心） keep silence （保持安静）
take place （发生） break out （爆发） fall asleep （入睡） come true （实现）
被动语态的特殊用法
2、没有被动语态的动词和词组
（2）有些及物动词和相当于及物动词的短语也不用被动语态
have （有、吃、喝） own （拥有） cost （花费） fit （适合） watch （注视） notice
（注意）
marry （结婚） wish （希望） reach （到达） know （认识） agree with （同意）
get （得到） join （参加） succeed in （成功） take part in （参加） arrive in、at
（到达）
3、动词主动形式表达被动含义
（1）need（需要）、want（想要）、require（需要）
作为动词，后面加动名词做宾语，用主动形式表达被动含义。
Eg： My watch needs repairing.
=My watch needs to be repaired.
（2）固定搭配be worth +doing（值得...），主动形式表达被动含义。
Eg： The book is worth reading.
被动语态的特殊用法
3、动词主动形式表达被动含义
（3）有些动词形式上是主动，意思为被动，这类动词的主语往往是物而不是人。
read （读） sell （卖） draw （画画） write （写） open
（开）
shut （关） wear （穿） cut （切割） cook （做饭） drive
（驾驶）
eg.
This kind of bread sells well.
The knife cuts easily.
The car drives well.
被动语态的特殊用法
Tips：
注：be ＋过去分词这个结构，并非都是被动结构,有时是系表结构。
两者的区别是：
系表结构表示主语的所处的状态或者主语的特点；
被动结构表示动作。
The bowl is broken.
这个碗碎了。（系表结构）

The bowl was broken by my little brother.
这个碗是我小弟弟打破的。（被动结构）
判断下列句子为系表结构还是被动结构:
The classroom is crowded with students.

The students were crowded into the classroom.

The teaching building is completed.

The teaching building was completed last month.
实战演练
The classroom is crowded with students.
系表结构
The students were crowded into the classroom.
被动结构
The teaching building is completed.
系表结构
The teaching building was completed last month.
被动结构
Answer
例题大杂烩
1. No permission has ___ for anybody to enter the building.
A. been given B. given C. to give D. be giving
2. I ___ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
A. gave B. was given C. was giving D. had given
3. ---Have you moved into the new house
--- Not yet, the rooms ___.
A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painted
Multiple choice:
4. The police found that the house ___ and a lot of things ___.
A. has broken into; has been stolen
B. had broken into; had been stolen
C. has been broken into; stolen
D. had been broken into; stolen
5. As we joined the big crowd I got ___ from my friends.
A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed
Multiple choice:
1—5 ABADA
1. They often clean their classroom after school.
Their classroom __ often __ by them after school.
2. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week.
A new pen __ __ __ Tom last week.
3. A lot of people in China can speak English now.
English __ __ __ by a lot of people in China now.
4. I have learned English for about two years.
English __ __ __ for about two years.
5. They will read these storybooks next month.
These storybooks __ __ __ next month.
填空
is cleaned
was given by
can be spoken
has been learned
will be read
Answers
1. People grow rice in the south.
2. He gave me a beautiful birthday card yesterday.
3. Slave-owners made slaves work all day and all night.
4. We can easily download music from the Internet.
5. They said that he would come back soon.
将下列句子改为被动语态：
1. Rice is grown in the south.
2. I was given a beautiful birthday card yesterday.
A beautiful birthday card was given to me yesterday.
3. Slaves were made to work all day and all night by slave-owners.
4. Music can been easily downloaded from the Internet.
5. It was said that he would come back soon.
Answers
总结
概念&转换方法
构成
口诀
宾语提前主语变,
原主变宾by后见
时态人称be关键
被动语态构成及分类
基本结构
及物动词
双宾语
宾语从句
被动语态时态应用
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
现在完成时
过去完成时
现在进行时
过去进行时
情态动词
被动语态用法集锦
基本用法
特殊用法
总结