人教版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 5 Poems单元语法和写作基础 提升练学案（含答案）
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选择性必修三 Unit 5 Poems 单元语法及写作
一、单元语法（定语从句）
定语从句：用来修饰一个名词或者代词的句子叫做定语从句。
PS:定语从句可以翻译成“...的”字。
（一）、定语从句的结构：主句：含有被修饰的名词+从句：引导词+修饰名词的句子
This is a book that I bought online.
、定语从句的用法：
关系词
关系代词 指人 who whom whose that
主宾表 宾语 定语 主宾表
指物 which whose that
主宾表 定语 主宾表
关系副词 时间 when 在定语从句中作状语
地点 where
原因 why
（三）、关系词的使用规则
先行词为物，只能使用that不能使用which的情况
当先行词为不定代词：all, both, neither, none, either, any, everything, nothing, something, anything, much, many, few, a few, little, a little.
当先行词被all, both, some, no, every, any, each, much等修饰时;
当先行词被序数词、最高级修饰；
当先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same修饰；
当先行词即有人又有物时。
先行词为物，只能用which不能用that的情况
只能用which的情况：介词后面，逗号后面。
介词后面，指物的关系代词只能用which；
逗号后面，指物的关系代词只能用which。
上下文出现that，避免重复使用which。
只能使用who不能使用that的情况
当先行词为人称代词或指示代词：he, she, they, one(s), anyone, nobody，those, these等.
当先行词为people或是表示人的集体名词时；
非限制性定语从句中
关系代词的省略问题
非限制性定语从句中一定要有关系代词，不可省略。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词都可以省略，非限制性定语从句中不能省。
非限制性定语从句中，代人作主语只能用who, 作宾语用who(m)均可，但是whom更为正式，很少用于口语。代物只能用which作主语或宾语，不能用that，指的是某样东西，或者前面提到的一整件事。
如果先行词和从句的主语有所属关系要用whose，可用在限制性也可用在非限制性定语从句中。whose也可以放在介词后面：in whose car; from whose book。
非限制性定语从句中，如果从句主语和先行词存在整体与部分关系时，我们要用（all, both, each, many, most, neither, none, part, some, 基数词，序数词，最高级）+of which/whom。
介词后面的关系词只有which(代物)和whom(代人)，不能用that或者who。
注意：当有的先行词表示一种抽象的地点且在从句中做地点状语，不作基本成分时，要用where。该类词有：point, case, activity, system, situation, position, stage, occasion, job, race, letter, platform, email, environment, atmosphere 等。
I joined a lot of activities where I learnt a lot.
as引导限制性定语从句主要结构有：the same…as; as…as; such…as; so…as。
as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，从句可置于句首，句中或句尾。译为“正如”。
as is known to all众所周知 as is often the case 这是常有的事
as might / could be expected正如人们所预料的 as has been said before正如前面所说的
as has been mentioned above正如上面所提到的 as has been pointed out正如所指出的
as often happens正像经常发生的那样 as will be shown正如…所示
As everyone knows, China is a beautiful country with a long history.
I. 单句语法填空
1. Dr Rowan, _______________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
2. The frightened boys ____________ had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows.
3. The only possessions ____________ Jo could see were one broom, a few tin plates and cups and a couple of jars.
4. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _____________ his employees enjoy their work.
5. The result of the experiment proved to be very good, ______________ was more than we expected.
6. He wrote a letter _________________ he explained what had happened in the accident.
7. I still don’t know the reason ______________ the sports meeting has been put off.
8. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _____________ the weather may be better.
9. One writer in ______________ I had taken an interest was Immanuel Velikovsky.
10. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ____________ school education depends.
II．用定语从句合并下列句子.
1. I'm writing to apply to be a volunteer for the Chinese Painting Exhibition. It will be held in your art gallery.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
I live next door to a couple. Their children often make a lot of noise.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
The next day, my brother and I went to the beach. We watched some people play volleyball there.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Our graduation will be held in July. We’ll say goodbye to our teachers then.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
It is known to us all that that girl is selfish and shallow.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
III、用定语从句翻译下列句子
1. 正如报道的那样，抽烟的人的数量仅仅一年就下降了17%。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
我很感激Mr White。没有他的帮助，我英语不可能取得如此大的进步。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是渴望他能独立的时候。
____________________________________________________________________________________________4. 令我失望的是，他又犯了相同的错误，他还没意识到这件事。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
5. 昨天Lucy没有出席他的演讲，为此她向他道了歉。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
IV. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There was a time 1____________ I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English. And this was the reason 2____________ my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school when I first came to the club, 3______________ I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide, 4____________ teacher was Yu Minhong, communicated with me face to face, from 5_____________ I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I’d like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6_____________ we did. I should be grateful to my father and the guide, 7____________ encouraged me to fall in love with English. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into 8____________ I put my entire energy. Every day I read words and passages aloud. In class, I join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep, I recall the passages, through 9_____________ I can memorize a large number of new words. 10______________ our English teacher says, “As long as you form the habit of learning English every day, you’ll conquer English sooner or later.”
二、单元写作： A short essay about a poem
谋篇布局：Part 1 a brief introduction of the poem
Part 2: the highlights of the poem
Part 3: the overall evaluation of the poem
I．典例详析
我校将举行主题为“与诗同行，校园因诗歌而美”的首届校园双语诗歌节，请你为诗歌展廊写一篇余光中《乡愁》的英语赏析文章。
When I was young, homesickness was a tiny stamp,
Me on this side, Mother on the other side.
When I grew up, homesickness was a narrow boat ticket,
Me on this side, Bride on the other side.
But later on, homesickness was a low, low grave,
Me on the outside, Mother on the inside.
And at present, homesickness becomes a shallow strait,
Me on this side, Mainland on the other side.
注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
a. 关键词语：
1. 一首题目是……的诗______________________ 2. 值得阅读__________________________
2. 无法形容，难以描述______________________ 4. 受欢迎____________________________
5. 把......比喻成......__________________________ 6.祖国统一 ___________________________
7. 意境之美________________________________ 8. 强烈的节奏_________________________
9. ...的代表作/杰作 _________________________ 10. 对...有更好的了解___________________
b. 根据中文提示完成下面句子（尽可能用上已学词汇和句式）：
1). 这首题为《乡愁》的诗是余光中的杰作，在诗里他表达了对中国大陆的思念之情。(title, convey)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 这首诗很受全世界华人演讲家的欢迎，被收录在高中语文课本里，甚至被改编成歌曲。(include; adapt)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3). 这首诗运用了比喻(metaphor), 把乡愁比喻成“邮票”、“船票”、“坟墓”和“海峡”。(compare...to...)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4). 它把抽象的(abstract)感情变得具体(concrete),把诗人人生四个不同阶段的乡愁生动地描画了出来。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
5). 诗里的“小小的邮票”、“窄窄的船票”、“矮矮的坟墓”、“浅浅的海峡”赋予了诗歌强烈的节奏感。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6). 这首诗语言简单，却能让读者感到意境之美。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
7). 每当读起这首诗，我们都会为诗人对家人的思念和渴望祖国统一的愿望深深感染。（affect）
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
连句成文（尽可能使用高级词汇和句式）：
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
实战演练：
请根据唐朝诗人李绅的《悯农》，用英语写出这首诗的大意，并说明诗中所蕴含的作者的思想，以便向你的外国朋友解释。 Sympathy on the Farmers
At noon，farmers are weeding，
Down the field，sweat is dropping.
Who knows rice on a dish，
Every grain is full of moiling
注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Unit 5 单元语法和写作参考答案：
一、I、1 whose 2 who 3 that 4 where 5 which 6 where 7 why
8 when 9 whom 10 which
II、1 I’m writing to apply to be a volunteer for the Chinese Painting Exhibition, which will be held in your art gallery.
2 I live next door to a couple whose children often made a lot of noise.
3 The next day, my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some people play volleyball.
4 Our graduation will be held in July when we’ll say goodbye to our teachers.
5 As is known to us all, that girl is selfish and shallow.
=That girl is selfish and shallow, which is known to us all.
III、1 The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped/decreased by 17% in just one year.
2 I’m grateful to Mr White, without whose help, I couldn’t have made so much progress in English.
3 As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always long for the time when he can be independent.
4 To my disappointment, he has made the same mistake again, of which he hasn’t become aware/which he hasn’t realized.
5 Lucy was absent from Mr Smith’s lecture yesterday, for which she made an apology to him.
IV. 1 when 2 why 3 where 4 whose 5 which 6 that/which 7 who 8 which 9 which 10 As
写作：
1 a poem titled... 2 be worth reading/be worthy of being read/be worthy to be read 3 beyond description
4 be popular with/among 5 compare...to... 6 the unification of our motherland 7 the beauty of imagery
8 a strong rhythm 9 the masterpiece of 10 have a better understanding of
连句成篇
The poem titled Homesickness is the masterpiece of Yu Guangzhong, in which he conveyed his homesickness for Chinese mainland.The poem is so popular with Chinese speakers all over the world that it is included in the high school Chinese textbooks. It is even adapted into a song.
In the poem ,the poet uses metaphor, comparing homesickness to stamp,boat ticket,grave,and strait,which makes the abstract feelings concrete and vividly describes the poet’s homesickness in his four different life stages.Besides, the phrases “a small stamp”, “a narrow boat ticket”,“a low grave”, “a shallow strait” give the poem
a strong rhythm,making the poem pleasing to read.
The poem uses simple language but makes readers feel the beauty of images.Whenever reading the poem, we will be deeply affected by the homesickness of the poet for his family and his wish for the unification of our motherland.
实战演练：
The poem titled “Sympathy on the Farmers” is the masterpiece of Li Shen, a poet of Tang Dynasty, in which he showed sympathy for the farmers.
In the poem, the poet used vivid description to convey that hot as it is outside at noon in the summer, the farmers are still weeding in the fields.They are wet all over with their sweat frequently falling into the soil, where the crops grow. But who knows exactly all our foods, the delicious dishes on our table, come from the hard work of the farmers
Li Shen wrote this poem in order to remind people of the importance of the farmers’ hard work.I think it’s of great significance that the young generation today should understand the poem and treasure every grain.
一、单元语法（定语从句）
定语从句：用来修饰一个名词或者代词的句子叫做定语从句。
PS:定语从句可以翻译成“...的”字。
（一）、定语从句的结构：主句：含有被修饰的名词+从句：引导词+修饰名词的句子
This is a book that I bought online.
、定语从句的用法：
关系词
关系代词 指人 who whom whose that
主宾表 宾语 定语 主宾表
指物 which whose that
主宾表 定语 主宾表
关系副词 时间 when 在定语从句中作状语
地点 where
原因 why
（三）、关系词的使用规则
先行词为物，只能使用that不能使用which的情况
当先行词为不定代词：all, both, neither, none, either, any, everything, nothing, something, anything, much, many, few, a few, little, a little.
当先行词被all, both, some, no, every, any, each, much等修饰时;
当先行词被序数词、最高级修饰；
当先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same修饰；
当先行词即有人又有物时。
先行词为物，只能用which不能用that的情况
只能用which的情况：介词后面，逗号后面。
介词后面，指物的关系代词只能用which；
逗号后面，指物的关系代词只能用which。
上下文出现that，避免重复使用which。
只能使用who不能使用that的情况
当先行词为人称代词或指示代词：he, she, they, one(s), anyone, nobody，those, these等.
当先行词为people或是表示人的集体名词时；
非限制性定语从句中
关系代词的省略问题
非限制性定语从句中一定要有关系代词，不可省略。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词都可以省略，非限制性定语从句中不能省。
非限制性定语从句中，代人作主语只能用who, 作宾语用who(m)均可，但是whom更为正式，很少用于口语。代物只能用which作主语或宾语，不能用that，指的是某样东西，或者前面提到的一整件事。
如果先行词和从句的主语有所属关系要用whose，可用在限制性也可用在非限制性定语从句中。whose也可以放在介词后面：in whose car; from whose book。
非限制性定语从句中，如果从句主语和先行词存在整体与部分关系时，我们要用（all, both, each, many, most, neither, none, part, some, 基数词，序数词，最高级）+of which/whom。
介词后面的关系词只有which(代物)和whom(代人)，不能用that或者who。
注意：当有的先行词表示一种抽象的地点且在从句中做地点状语，不作基本成分时，要用where。该类词有：point, case, activity, system, situation, position, stage, occasion, job, race, letter, platform, email, environment, atmosphere 等。
I joined a lot of activities where I learnt a lot.
as引导限制性定语从句主要结构有：the same…as; as…as; such…as; so…as。
as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，从句可置于句首，句中或句尾。译为“正如”。
as is known to all众所周知 as is often the case 这是常有的事
as might / could be expected正如人们所预料的 as has been said before正如前面所说的
as has been mentioned above正如上面所提到的 as has been pointed out正如所指出的
as often happens正像经常发生的那样 as will be shown正如…所示
As everyone knows, China is a beautiful country with a long history.
I. 单句语法填空
1. Dr Rowan, _______________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
2. The frightened boys ____________ had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows.
3. The only possessions ____________ Jo could see were one broom, a few tin plates and cups and a couple of jars.
4. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _____________ his employees enjoy their work.
5. The result of the experiment proved to be very good, ______________ was more than we expected.
6. He wrote a letter _________________ he explained what had happened in the accident.
7. I still don’t know the reason ______________ the sports meeting has been put off.
8. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _____________ the weather may be better.
9. One writer in ______________ I had taken an interest was Immanuel Velikovsky.
10. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ____________ school education depends.
II．用定语从句合并下列句子.
1. I'm writing to apply to be a volunteer for the Chinese Painting Exhibition. It will be held in your art gallery.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
I live next door to a couple. Their children often make a lot of noise.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
The next day, my brother and I went to the beach. We watched some people play volleyball there.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Our graduation will be held in July. We’ll say goodbye to our teachers then.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
It is known to us all that that girl is selfish and shallow.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
III、用定语从句翻译下列句子
1. 正如报道的那样，抽烟的人的数量仅仅一年就下降了17%。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
我很感激Mr White。没有他的帮助，我英语不可能取得如此大的进步。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是渴望他能独立的时候。
____________________________________________________________________________________________4. 令我失望的是，他又犯了相同的错误，他还没意识到这件事。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
5. 昨天Lucy没有出席他的演讲，为此她向他道了歉。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
IV. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There was a time 1____________ I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English. And this was the reason 2____________ my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school when I first came to the club, 3______________ I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide, 4____________ teacher was Yu Minhong, communicated with me face to face, from 5_____________ I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I’d like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6_____________ we did. I should be grateful to my father and the guide, 7____________ encouraged me to fall in love with English. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into 8____________ I put my entire energy. Every day I read words and passages aloud. In class, I join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep, I recall the passages, through 9_____________ I can memorize a large number of new words. 10______________ our English teacher says, “As long as you form the habit of learning English every day, you’ll conquer English sooner or later.”
二、单元写作： A short essay about a poem
谋篇布局：Part 1 a brief introduction of the poem
Part 2: the highlights of the poem
Part 3: the overall evaluation of the poem
I．典例详析
我校将举行主题为“与诗同行，校园因诗歌而美”的首届校园双语诗歌节，请你为诗歌展廊写一篇余光中《乡愁》的英语赏析文章。
When I was young, homesickness was a tiny stamp,
Me on this side, Mother on the other side.
When I grew up, homesickness was a narrow boat ticket,
Me on this side, Bride on the other side.
But later on, homesickness was a low, low grave,
Me on the outside, Mother on the inside.
And at present, homesickness becomes a shallow strait,
Me on this side, Mainland on the other side.
注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
a. 关键词语：
1. 一首题目是……的诗______________________ 2. 值得阅读__________________________
2. 无法形容，难以描述______________________ 4. 受欢迎____________________________
5. 把......比喻成......__________________________ 6.祖国统一 ___________________________
7. 意境之美________________________________ 8. 强烈的节奏_________________________
9. ...的代表作/杰作 _________________________ 10. 对...有更好的了解___________________
b. 根据中文提示完成下面句子（尽可能用上已学词汇和句式）：
1). 这首题为《乡愁》的诗是余光中的杰作，在诗里他表达了对中国大陆的思念之情。(title, convey)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 这首诗很受全世界华人演讲家的欢迎，被收录在高中语文课本里，甚至被改编成歌曲。(include; adapt)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3). 这首诗运用了比喻(metaphor), 把乡愁比喻成“邮票”、“船票”、“坟墓”和“海峡”。(compare...to...)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4). 它把抽象的(abstract)感情变得具体(concrete),把诗人人生四个不同阶段的乡愁生动地描画了出来。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
5). 诗里的“小小的邮票”、“窄窄的船票”、“矮矮的坟墓”、“浅浅的海峡”赋予了诗歌强烈的节奏感。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6). 这首诗语言简单，却能让读者感到意境之美。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
7). 每当读起这首诗，我们都会为诗人对家人的思念和渴望祖国统一的愿望深深感染。（affect）
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
连句成文（尽可能使用高级词汇和句式）：
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
实战演练：
请根据唐朝诗人李绅的《悯农》，用英语写出这首诗的大意，并说明诗中所蕴含的作者的思想，以便向你的外国朋友解释。 Sympathy on the Farmers
At noon，farmers are weeding，
Down the field，sweat is dropping.
Who knows rice on a dish，
Every grain is full of moiling
注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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Unit 5 单元语法和写作参考答案：
一、I、1 whose 2 who 3 that 4 where 5 which 6 where 7 why
8 when 9 whom 10 which
II、1 I’m writing to apply to be a volunteer for the Chinese Painting Exhibition, which will be held in your art gallery.
2 I live next door to a couple whose children often made a lot of noise.
3 The next day, my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some people play volleyball.
4 Our graduation will be held in July when we’ll say goodbye to our teachers.
5 As is known to us all, that girl is selfish and shallow.
=That girl is selfish and shallow, which is known to us all.
III、1 The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped/decreased by 17% in just one year.
2 I’m grateful to Mr White, without whose help, I couldn’t have made so much progress in English.
3 As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always long for the time when he can be independent.
4 To my disappointment, he has made the same mistake again, of which he hasn’t become aware/which he hasn’t realized.
5 Lucy was absent from Mr Smith’s lecture yesterday, for which she made an apology to him.
IV. 1 when 2 why 3 where 4 whose 5 which 6 that/which 7 who 8 which 9 which 10 As
写作：
1 a poem titled... 2 be worth reading/be worthy of being read/be worthy to be read 3 beyond description
4 be popular with/among 5 compare...to... 6 the unification of our motherland 7 the beauty of imagery
8 a strong rhythm 9 the masterpiece of 10 have a better understanding of
连句成篇
The poem titled Homesickness is the masterpiece of Yu Guangzhong, in which he conveyed his homesickness for Chinese mainland.The poem is so popular with Chinese speakers all over the world that it is included in the high school Chinese textbooks. It is even adapted into a song.
In the poem ,the poet uses metaphor, comparing homesickness to stamp,boat ticket,grave,and strait,which makes the abstract feelings concrete and vividly describes the poet’s homesickness in his four different life stages.Besides, the phrases “a small stamp”, “a narrow boat ticket”,“a low grave”, “a shallow strait” give the poem
a strong rhythm,making the poem pleasing to read.
The poem uses simple language but makes readers feel the beauty of images.Whenever reading the poem, we will be deeply affected by the homesickness of the poet for his family and his wish for the unification of our motherland.
实战演练：
The poem titled “Sympathy on the Farmers” is the masterpiece of Li Shen, a poet of Tang Dynasty, in which he showed sympathy for the farmers.
In the poem, the poet used vivid description to convey that hot as it is outside at noon in the summer, the farmers are still weeding in the fields.They are wet all over with their sweat frequently falling into the soil, where the crops grow. But who knows exactly all our foods, the delicious dishes on our table, come from the hard work of the farmers
Li Shen wrote this poem in order to remind people of the importance of the farmers’ hard work.I think it’s of great significance that the young generation today should understand the poem and treasure every grain.