2024届高考英语阅读理解五步法专项带练(58)讲义
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语阅读理解五步法专项带练(58)讲义 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-03-12 21:55:51 | ||
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①The Stanford marshmallow ( 棉 花 糖 ) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
②As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’re not tempted by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets—all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
③We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
④A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. Weare now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.
【素材来源：四川省成都市树德中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期末英语试题】
28. What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test
A. Take an examination alone.
B. Share their treats with others.
C. Delay eating for fifteen minutes.
D. Show respect for the researchers.
29. According to Paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between_______.
A. the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B. the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C. the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
D. the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
30. What does the author suggest readers do
A. Be selective information consumers.
B. Absorb new information readily.
C. Use diverse information sources.
D. Protect the information environment.
31. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Eat Less, Read More
B. The Later, the Better
C. The Marshmallow Test for Grownups
D. The Bitter Truth about Early Humans
【五步法解析】
串联题干
What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test
According to Paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between_______.
What does the author suggest readers do
Which of the following is the best title for the text
归纳主题词：test,readers,mismatch,second treat
28. What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test
在米歇尔的测试中，孩子们需要做什么才能得到第二次奖励
A. Take an examination alone.独自参加考试。
B. Share their treats with others.与他人分享他们的食物。
C. Delay eating for fifteen minutes.推迟15分钟进食。
D. Show respect for the researchers.尊重研究人员
①The Stanford marshmallow ( 棉 花 糖 ) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. 每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃之前等待15分钟，他们将得到第二次奖励Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
29. According to Paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between_______.
根据第3段，两者之间存在不匹配
A. the calorie-poor world and our good appetites 卡路里匮乏的世界和我们的好胃口
B. the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs糖的短缺和我们的营养需求
C. the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit 诱人的食物和我们为保持健康所做的努力
D. the rich food supply and our unchanged brains丰富的食物供应和我们不变的大脑（反话正说）
③We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction.我们之所以会受到甜食的诱惑，是因为我们的祖先生活在一个卡路里匮乏的世界里，我们的大脑对这些甜食形成了一种反应机制，反映了它们的价值——一种奖励和满足感。 But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力抵抗明知不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。
30. What does the author suggest readers do
作者建议读者做什么
A. Be selective information consumers. 做有选择性的信息消费者
B. Absorb new information readily.容易吸收新信息。
C. Use diverse information sources.使用不同的信息源
D. Protect the information environment.保护信息环境。
考察的是因果关系的行文逻辑和词汇复现
同义替换：selective=be more thoughtful about
④A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. Weare now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我们的热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间。
31. Which of the following is the best title for the text
下面哪个是这篇文章最好的标题
A. Eat Less, Read More 少吃多读
B. The Later, the Better越晚越好
C. The Marshmallow Test for Grownups 成人棉花糖测试(原词对应）
D. The Bitter Truth about Early Humans关于早期人类的痛苦真相
①The Stanford marshmallow ( 棉 花 糖 ) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
【逐句翻译】
第一段
The Stanford marshmallow ( 棉 花 糖 ) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s.
斯坦福棉花糖(棉花糖)测试最初是由心理学家沃尔特·米歇尔在20世纪60年代末进行的。
Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room.
幼儿园里4到6岁的孩子被安排在一个房间里。
A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table.
句子结构分析：selected by..过去分词作定语修饰a single surgery treat
句意：孩子们选了一份糖，放在桌子上。
Each child was told (that) if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat.
句子结构分析：that引导宾语从句；if引导条件状语从句（主将从现结构）
句意：每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃糖果前等15分钟，他们就会得到第二次糖果。
Then they were left alone in the room.
然后把他们单独留在房间里
Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
句子结构分析：with后接介词短语修饰students
句意：对这些孩子以后生活的后续研究表明，等待足够长的时间以获得第二次奖励的能力与各种形式的成功之间存在联系。
【真题必考词汇】
Follow up vt.把…贯彻到底，对…采取进一步行动; 跟着，追逐，继续
Follow up the shipment and received the goods in good quality.
跟进运输,及时收到优质的货品.
第二段：
As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day.
作为成年人，我们每天都要面对棉花糖测试。
We’re not tempted by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets—all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information //that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
句子结构分析：第一个that引导定语从句修饰devices;第二个that引导定语从句修饰information
句意：诱惑我们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑——所有这些将我们与全球信息传递系统连接起来的设备，它们对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的作用一样。
第三段：
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction.
句子结构分析：because引导原因状语从句；that引导定语从句修饰these treats;a feeling of..后接同位语修饰value.
句意：我们之所以会受到甜食的诱惑，是因为我们的祖先生活在一个卡路里匮乏的世界里，我们的大脑对这些甜食形成了一种反应机制，反映了它们的价值——一种奖励和满足感。
【真题必考词汇】
Tempt vt.引诱，怂恿; 吸引; 冒…的风险; 使感兴趣
Don't tempt thieves by leaving valuables clearly visible.
别把贵重物品放在显眼处招贼。
But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
句子结构分析：reducing现在分词作伴随状语；that引导定语从句修饰tempting foods
句意：但是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的大脑仍然和几千年前一样，这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力抵抗我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。
【真题必考词汇】
reshape vt.重塑; 给…以新形态; 采取新形式; 打开新局面
Recession has simply accelerated changes that have been reshaping the industry anyway.
经济萧条只不过加速了原本就在改变行业状况的变化。
2.reduce v.减少，缩小; 使变成; 节食; 使不得不; 使沦为（不好境地）; （使）浓缩
Costs have been reduced by 20% over the past year.
过去一年，各项费用已经减少了20%。
3.mismatch n.错配，失谐
There is a mismatch between the skills offered by people and the skills needed by industry.
行业需要的技术与人们可以提供的技能并不匹配。
第四段：
A similar process is at work in our response to information.
我们对信息的反应也有类似的过程。
【真题必考词汇】
In response to 对…做出反应
The meeting was called in response to a request from Venezuela.
应委内瑞拉的要求召开了这次会议。
Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information.
句子结构分析：that引导定语从句修饰mechanism
句意：作为一个物种，我们的形成环境是缺乏信息的，所以我们的大脑发展了一种重视新信息的机制。
【真题必考词汇】
mechanism n.[生]机制，机能，[乐]机理; （机械）结构，机械装置[作用]，（故事的）结构; [艺]手法，技巧，途径; 机械作用
There's no mechanism for punishing arms exporters who break the rules.
对违规的武器出口商实施惩罚尚无执行机制。
prize v.重视; 撬动; 竭力打探(考察的是熟词僻义）
I still prize all those early pamphlets.
我仍珍视所有的那些早期小册子.
But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment.
但全球互联互通极大地改变了我们的信息环境。
Weare now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information.
我们现在不断受到新信息的轰炸(轰炸)。
【真题必考词汇】
carelessly adv.无忧无虑地; 粗心大意地; 草率地; 淡漠地
Don't bundle all the clothes into that bag so carelessly.
别把所有的衣服随随便便塞进那个手提包里.
bombard vt.炮击，轰炸; <核>以高能量粒子或放射能冲击
We have been bombarded with letters of complaint.
我们接二连三收到了大批的投诉信件。
Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.
句子结构分析：just as引导方式状语从句；resisting..后接目的状语
句意：因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我们的热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间。
【全文翻译】
斯坦福棉花糖(棉花糖)测试最初是由心理学家沃尔特·米歇尔在20世纪60年代末进行的。幼儿园里4到6岁的孩子被安排在一个房间里。孩子们选了一份糖，放在桌子上。每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃之前等待15分钟，他们将得到第二次奖励。然后把他们单独留在房间里。对这些孩子以后生活的后续研究表明，等待足够长的时间以获得第二次奖励的能力与各种形式的成功之间存在联系。
作为成年人，我们每天都要面对棉花糖测试。诱惑我们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑——所有这些将我们与全球信息传递系统连接起来的设备，它们对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的作用一样。
我们受到甜食的诱惑是因为我们的祖先生活在一个缺乏卡路里的世界里，我们的大脑对这些甜食形成了一种反应机制，反映了它们的价值——一种奖励和满足感。但是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的大脑仍然和几千年前一样，这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力抵抗我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。
我们对信息的反应也有类似的过程。作为一个物种，我们的形成环境是缺乏信息的，所以我们的大脑发展了一种重视新信息的机制。但全球互联互通极大地改变了我们的信息环境。我们现在不断受到新信息的轰炸(轰炸)。因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我们的热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间。
②As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’re not tempted by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets—all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
③We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
④A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. Weare now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.
【素材来源：四川省成都市树德中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期末英语试题】
28. What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test
A. Take an examination alone.
B. Share their treats with others.
C. Delay eating for fifteen minutes.
D. Show respect for the researchers.
29. According to Paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between_______.
A. the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B. the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C. the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
D. the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
30. What does the author suggest readers do
A. Be selective information consumers.
B. Absorb new information readily.
C. Use diverse information sources.
D. Protect the information environment.
31. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Eat Less, Read More
B. The Later, the Better
C. The Marshmallow Test for Grownups
D. The Bitter Truth about Early Humans
【五步法解析】
串联题干
What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test
According to Paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between_______.
What does the author suggest readers do
Which of the following is the best title for the text
归纳主题词：test,readers,mismatch,second treat
28. What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test
在米歇尔的测试中，孩子们需要做什么才能得到第二次奖励
A. Take an examination alone.独自参加考试。
B. Share their treats with others.与他人分享他们的食物。
C. Delay eating for fifteen minutes.推迟15分钟进食。
D. Show respect for the researchers.尊重研究人员
①The Stanford marshmallow ( 棉 花 糖 ) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. 每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃之前等待15分钟，他们将得到第二次奖励Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
29. According to Paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between_______.
根据第3段，两者之间存在不匹配
A. the calorie-poor world and our good appetites 卡路里匮乏的世界和我们的好胃口
B. the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs糖的短缺和我们的营养需求
C. the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit 诱人的食物和我们为保持健康所做的努力
D. the rich food supply and our unchanged brains丰富的食物供应和我们不变的大脑（反话正说）
③We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction.我们之所以会受到甜食的诱惑，是因为我们的祖先生活在一个卡路里匮乏的世界里，我们的大脑对这些甜食形成了一种反应机制，反映了它们的价值——一种奖励和满足感。 But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力抵抗明知不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。
30. What does the author suggest readers do
作者建议读者做什么
A. Be selective information consumers. 做有选择性的信息消费者
B. Absorb new information readily.容易吸收新信息。
C. Use diverse information sources.使用不同的信息源
D. Protect the information environment.保护信息环境。
考察的是因果关系的行文逻辑和词汇复现
同义替换：selective=be more thoughtful about
④A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. Weare now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我们的热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间。
31. Which of the following is the best title for the text
下面哪个是这篇文章最好的标题
A. Eat Less, Read More 少吃多读
B. The Later, the Better越晚越好
C. The Marshmallow Test for Grownups 成人棉花糖测试(原词对应）
D. The Bitter Truth about Early Humans关于早期人类的痛苦真相
①The Stanford marshmallow ( 棉 花 糖 ) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
【逐句翻译】
第一段
The Stanford marshmallow ( 棉 花 糖 ) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s.
斯坦福棉花糖(棉花糖)测试最初是由心理学家沃尔特·米歇尔在20世纪60年代末进行的。
Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room.
幼儿园里4到6岁的孩子被安排在一个房间里。
A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table.
句子结构分析：selected by..过去分词作定语修饰a single surgery treat
句意：孩子们选了一份糖，放在桌子上。
Each child was told (that) if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat.
句子结构分析：that引导宾语从句；if引导条件状语从句（主将从现结构）
句意：每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃糖果前等15分钟，他们就会得到第二次糖果。
Then they were left alone in the room.
然后把他们单独留在房间里
Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
句子结构分析：with后接介词短语修饰students
句意：对这些孩子以后生活的后续研究表明，等待足够长的时间以获得第二次奖励的能力与各种形式的成功之间存在联系。
【真题必考词汇】
Follow up vt.把…贯彻到底，对…采取进一步行动; 跟着，追逐，继续
Follow up the shipment and received the goods in good quality.
跟进运输,及时收到优质的货品.
第二段：
As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day.
作为成年人，我们每天都要面对棉花糖测试。
We’re not tempted by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets—all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information //that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
句子结构分析：第一个that引导定语从句修饰devices;第二个that引导定语从句修饰information
句意：诱惑我们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑——所有这些将我们与全球信息传递系统连接起来的设备，它们对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的作用一样。
第三段：
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction.
句子结构分析：because引导原因状语从句；that引导定语从句修饰these treats;a feeling of..后接同位语修饰value.
句意：我们之所以会受到甜食的诱惑，是因为我们的祖先生活在一个卡路里匮乏的世界里，我们的大脑对这些甜食形成了一种反应机制，反映了它们的价值——一种奖励和满足感。
【真题必考词汇】
Tempt vt.引诱，怂恿; 吸引; 冒…的风险; 使感兴趣
Don't tempt thieves by leaving valuables clearly visible.
别把贵重物品放在显眼处招贼。
But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
句子结构分析：reducing现在分词作伴随状语；that引导定语从句修饰tempting foods
句意：但是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的大脑仍然和几千年前一样，这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力抵抗我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。
【真题必考词汇】
reshape vt.重塑; 给…以新形态; 采取新形式; 打开新局面
Recession has simply accelerated changes that have been reshaping the industry anyway.
经济萧条只不过加速了原本就在改变行业状况的变化。
2.reduce v.减少，缩小; 使变成; 节食; 使不得不; 使沦为（不好境地）; （使）浓缩
Costs have been reduced by 20% over the past year.
过去一年，各项费用已经减少了20%。
3.mismatch n.错配，失谐
There is a mismatch between the skills offered by people and the skills needed by industry.
行业需要的技术与人们可以提供的技能并不匹配。
第四段：
A similar process is at work in our response to information.
我们对信息的反应也有类似的过程。
【真题必考词汇】
In response to 对…做出反应
The meeting was called in response to a request from Venezuela.
应委内瑞拉的要求召开了这次会议。
Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information.
句子结构分析：that引导定语从句修饰mechanism
句意：作为一个物种，我们的形成环境是缺乏信息的，所以我们的大脑发展了一种重视新信息的机制。
【真题必考词汇】
mechanism n.[生]机制，机能，[乐]机理; （机械）结构，机械装置[作用]，（故事的）结构; [艺]手法，技巧，途径; 机械作用
There's no mechanism for punishing arms exporters who break the rules.
对违规的武器出口商实施惩罚尚无执行机制。
prize v.重视; 撬动; 竭力打探(考察的是熟词僻义）
I still prize all those early pamphlets.
我仍珍视所有的那些早期小册子.
But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment.
但全球互联互通极大地改变了我们的信息环境。
Weare now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information.
我们现在不断受到新信息的轰炸(轰炸)。
【真题必考词汇】
carelessly adv.无忧无虑地; 粗心大意地; 草率地; 淡漠地
Don't bundle all the clothes into that bag so carelessly.
别把所有的衣服随随便便塞进那个手提包里.
bombard vt.炮击，轰炸; <核>以高能量粒子或放射能冲击
We have been bombarded with letters of complaint.
我们接二连三收到了大批的投诉信件。
Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.
句子结构分析：just as引导方式状语从句；resisting..后接目的状语
句意：因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我们的热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间。
【全文翻译】
斯坦福棉花糖(棉花糖)测试最初是由心理学家沃尔特·米歇尔在20世纪60年代末进行的。幼儿园里4到6岁的孩子被安排在一个房间里。孩子们选了一份糖，放在桌子上。每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃之前等待15分钟，他们将得到第二次奖励。然后把他们单独留在房间里。对这些孩子以后生活的后续研究表明，等待足够长的时间以获得第二次奖励的能力与各种形式的成功之间存在联系。
作为成年人，我们每天都要面对棉花糖测试。诱惑我们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑——所有这些将我们与全球信息传递系统连接起来的设备，它们对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的作用一样。
我们受到甜食的诱惑是因为我们的祖先生活在一个缺乏卡路里的世界里，我们的大脑对这些甜食形成了一种反应机制，反映了它们的价值——一种奖励和满足感。但是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的大脑仍然和几千年前一样，这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力抵抗我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。
我们对信息的反应也有类似的过程。作为一个物种，我们的形成环境是缺乏信息的，所以我们的大脑发展了一种重视新信息的机制。但全球互联互通极大地改变了我们的信息环境。我们现在不断受到新信息的轰炸(轰炸)。因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我们的热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间。