备战2024年高考英语名校模拟真题速递专题06： 阅读理解之说明文10篇(第二期)(新高考专用)（含解析）

备战2024年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(新高考专用)
第二期
专题06 阅读理解之说明文10篇
（2023秋·湖北·高三统考阶段练习）The “diet” in diet drinks maybe a false promise for some soda lovers. True, they deliver the taste of a soda experience, without the calories. Yet, new research shows they can also leave people with increased appetite.
A study published recently in JAMA Network open adds to the evidence that drinks made with sucralose, an artificial sweetener (甜味剂), may increase the appetite among some people. “We found females and overweight people had greater brain reward activity after consuming the artificial sweetener,” says study author Katie Page, a physician at the University of Southern California. Both groups ate more food after consuming drinks with sucralose, compared with after regular sugar-sweetened drinks. In contrast, the study found males and people of healthy weight did not have an increase in either brain reward activity or hunger response, suggesting they’re not affected in the same way.
One theory is that it’s not the artificial sweetener itself that has a direct effect on the body. The idea is that artificial sweeteners may confuse the body by tricking it into thinking sugar is coming. “You are supposed to get sugar after something tastes sweet,” explains Swithers, “Your body has been used to that.” But the sugar never arrives, which may lead to the body’s less efficiency in processing sugar that s consumed later.
Swithers’ lab has also documented that when animals with a history of consuming artificial sweeteners get real sugar, their blood sugar levels rise higher than those of animals not fed artificial sweeteners. “It’s a small effect, but overtime this could contribute to potentially significant consequences,” she says. If this is happening in some people who consume diet soda, it could add to the risk of Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病), because when blood sugar rises, the body has to release more insulin (胰岛素) to absorb the sugar. “So what you’re doing is that you are kind of pushing the system harder,” Swithers says.
1．What can we learn from Katie page’s study
A．Females enjoying diet drinks consume more food.
B．Artificial sweeteners help males with better appetite.
C．Diet drinks increase hunger response of healthy people.
D．people consuming sucralose have greater brain reward activity.
2．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．The effect of sugar. B．Response to sweetness.
C．Artificial sweetener. D．The absence of sweetness.
3．What can we infer from Susan Swithers’words in the last paragraph
A．More insulin release helps sugar level rise.
B．people drinking diet soda hardly absorb sugar.
C．Type 2 diabetes mainly results from artificial sweeteners.
D．Consuming artificial sweeteners might cause health problems.
4．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．The potential of artificially-sweetened drinks.
B．The wisdom of choosing healthy sweet drinks.
C．The underlying link between diet drinks and health.
D．The differences among artificially-sweetened drinks.
（2023秋·广西柳州·高三柳州高级中学校考阶段练习）When the Great Backyard Bird Count (GBBC) began last Friday, Steve and Janet Kistler of Hart County, Kentucky, joined in. They’ve done so every year since the now-global tradition began 25 years ago.
For Moira Dalibor, who teaches math at a school, this was the first count. She led a group of students and parents to an arboretum(植物园)for an exercise in data-gathering. They were among hundreds of thousands of people around the world counting and recording over four days. Last year, about 385,000 people from 192 countries took part in the GBBC．
This global data goes into the eBird database used by scientists for research on bird populations, which have declined sharply overall in past decades. It’s part of a rise in “citizen science” projects in which volunteers collect data about the natural world for use by researchers.
Many bird-watchers use eBird year-round, and it has collected huge amounts of data-often between 1 million and 2 million bird checklists a month from around the world in the past couple of years, says Becca Rodomsky-Bish, the project’s leader at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology, in Ithaca, New York. “Observing birds is a good way to connect with the natural world. Birds are everywhere. You don’t have to leave your house. They will come. And they’re charismatic because they’re fun and interesting to watch.”
Participants watch birds, whether that means looking out of the window for 15 minutes or taking a longer trip to a nature area. Organizers recommend the Merlin bird ID app to distinguish birds by size, shape, song or other characteristics. Many participants also carry field guides and binoculars (双筒望远镜)along with their phones. They then enter the findings into the eBird app. Those numbers help researchers track the ups and downs of various species, which then help determine the direction of conservation efforts.
Dalibor prepared her classes with information about local species and practiced with the Merlin app. The kids recorded bird sightings with pencils and drawing boards, and parent volunteers entered those numbers on phones.
5．Why did Dalibor lead her students to an arboretum
A．To do exercise for health.
B．To observe different plants.
C．To practice their math skills.
D．To collect information about birds.
6．What is the main idea of Paragraph 5
A．How the eBird works.
B．The effect of watching birds.
C．How the eBird influences bird-watchers.
D．The advantages of eBird.
7．What can people use the Merlin bird ID app to do
A．To record their findings.
B．To identify different birds.
C．To help determine the birds’ habitat.
D．To track the ups and downs of various species.
8．What’s the best title of the text
A．Great Backyard Bird Count: a strange activity.
B．Watching birds contributes to students’ education.
C．Moira Dalibor: a pioneer and responsible teacher.
D．Great Backyard Bird Count shows power of citizen science.
（2023秋·湖北·高三统考阶段练习）Cichlids and stingrays (慈鲷和黄貂鱼) can perform simple plus and subtraction (减法) in the number range of one to five. This has been shown in a recent study by the university of Bonn, which has now been published in the journal scientific Reports.
This fact has been known for sometime that Cichlids and stingrays can precisely detect small quantities without counting. However, the new research led by Dr. vera schluessel from the university of Bonn has shown that both species can even calculate. “We trained the animals to perform simple additions and subtractions,” Schluessel explains. “In doing so, they had to increase or decrease a premier value by one.”Blue means “add one”, and yellow means “subtract one”.
But how do you ask a cichlid for the result of “2 +1”or “5 - 1” The researchers used a method other research groups had already successfully used to test the mathematical abilities of bees: They showed the fish a collection of geometric shapes — for example, four squares. If these objects were colored blue, this meant “add one”. Yellow, on the other hand, meant “subtract one”. After showing the original stimulus (e. g. four squares), the animals were shown two new pictures — one with five and one with three squares. If they swam to the correct picture(i. e. to the five squares in the “blue”arithmetic task), they were rewarded with food. If they gave the wrong answer, they went away empty-handed. Overtime, they learned to associate the blue color with an increase of one in the amount shown at the beginning, and the yellow number with a decrease.
But can the fish apply this knowledge to new tasks Have they actually mastered the mathematical rule behind the colors “To check this, we will designedly leave out some calculations during future training,” Schluessel explains.
9．What is known about the two species before the new research
A．They can count small quantities easily.
B．They can associate colors with numbers.
C．They can do simple calculations by training.
D．They can identify small quantities accurately.
10．Why is the bee-method applied
A．To illustrate fish’s ability. B．To ensure the research’s reliability.
C．To compare fish and bees. D．To promote the research’s application.
11．How is the experiment carried out
A．By collecting and calculating. B．By comparing and analysing.
C．By observing and concluding. D．By predicting and checking.
12．What does the last paragraph imply
A．The fish are competent in mathematical calculation.
B．The procedure of the experiment needs improvement.
C．More trials are still needed to confirm the new findings.
D．Calculation methods are comprehended by both species.
（2023秋·山东泰安·高三统考阶段练习）People’s first memories are all autobiographical (自传式的), or memories of significant experiences in their lives, and these events typically didn’t happen before the age of 2 or 3. In fact, most people can’t remember things from the first few years of their lives—a phenomenon researchers have called infantile amnesia.
However, research suggests that infants (婴儿) can form other kinds of memories. Within the first few days of life, infants can recall their own mother’s face and distinguish it from the face of a stranger. A few months later, infants can demonstrate that they remember lots of familiar faces by smiling most at the ones they see most often.
But if so, why do people experience infantile amnesia Though it still isn’t clear whether it’s because we can’t form autobiographical memories, or whether we just have no way to retrieve (找回) them, scientists have a few guesses.
One is that autobiographical memories require you to have some sense of self. Researchers have tested this ability using a mirror recognition task called the rouge test. It involves marking a baby’s nose with a spot of red lipstick.
Researchers then place the infant in front of a mirror. Infants younger than 18 months just smile at the baby in the reflection, not showing any evidence of recognizing themselves or the red mark on their face. Between 18 and 24 months, infants touch their own nose, even looking embarrassed, suggesting that they connect the red dot in the mirror with their own face—they start to form some sense of self.
Another possible explanation is that because infants don’t have language until later in the second year of life, they can’t form narratives about their own lives that they can later recall. Finally, the hippocampus (海马体), which is the region of the brain that’s largely responsible for memory, isn’t fully developed in the infancy period.
Scientists will continue to investigate how these factors may contribute to infantile amnesia.
13．What can infants do in their first few months
A．Memorize most of their family members.
B．Distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar faces.
C．Remember a string of events from the recent past.
D．Identify their own reflections in the mirror.
14．What do infants tend to do after 18 months, according to the rouge test
A．See their reflections as themselves.
B．Ignore the marks on their faces.
C．Enjoy playing with their reflections.
D．Show a strong interest in the mirror.
15．What could be a cause of infantile amnesia, according to the text
A．Infants’ inability to recall memories.
B．Infants’ immature hippocampus.
C．Infants’ undeveloped communication skills.
D．Infants’ unsteady autobiographical memories.
16．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．When do babies start remembering things
B．Why is it hard to retrieve lost memories
C．How do kids form their first memories
D．Why can’t we remember being a baby
（2023秋·山东泰安·高三统考阶段练习）Writing a book is a long and challenging process, but new technology is increasingly making it easier for authors to finish their books.
Michael Green, a US data scientist-turned-novelist, felt that technology could help him simplify the writing process when he was in the middle of writing his debut (首部) book. He said that the process had become difficult to manage: “In the midst of editing, I got to the point where I started feeling like I had a lot of plots and characters,” he told the BBC．
“I had all these documents on the deeper aspects of the world I was creating. I was worried about being able to keep track of it all. That’s when I switched into my more data science-minded approach to solving a complex problem with a lot of different pieces.”
Green went on to create Lynit, a digital platform to help authors plan and weave (编织) together the many elements that form a story, such as themes, characters, and major events. “As the author gets a new idea that they want to bring into the story, they are able to input it into a natural framework,” he told the BBC． “Piece by piece, they’re adding to the story. As new ideas come in, they change, maybe by creating new nodes (节点) or interactions, new relationships.”
Once the book has been published, technology is also playing an ever-increasing role in publicity and connecting with readers. Websites and apps from specialist firms allow authors to participate in live question-and-answer sessions with their audience.
Michael Green believes technology will become even more important as a new generation of tech-savvy (精通技术的) writers becomes more well-known.
“What I’m finding with the Generation Z and even younger writers is that they’re looking for technology to give them guidance,” he told the BBC． “They see it as a tool to learn and grow with, rather than extra work.”
17．What difficulty did Green face in writing his debut book
A．He often felt that he was not creative enough.
B．He would leave out important plots.
C．He had trouble organizing his thoughts.
D．He was afraid the characters wouldn’t appeal to readers.
18．What is an advantage of technology according to the text
A．It creates new relationships for authors.
B．It can generate images based on words.
C．It can translate thoughts into sentences.
D．It brings authors closer to their readers.
19．Which of the following would Green most probably agree with
A．New technology matters to rising authors.
B．New technology gets in the way of creativity.
C．Technology adds to the burden of authors.
D．Young writers rely too heavily on technology.
20．What is the main purpose of the text
A．To give advice on how to write a book.
B．To encourage the use of technology in writing.
C．To share how new technology benefits authors.
D．To show the popularity of new tools among authors.
（2023秋·江苏镇江·高三统考开学考试）From the roar of a crowd to the quiet of a library, sound and silence might seem like polar opposites. However, according to a new research, our brains perceive them in the same way. Silence may not be a sound, but scientists say we can truly hear it.
In this new study, researchers examined how people experience silence using well-known auditory illusions (错觉). The illusions are meant to test the perception of noise, but for the study, the team adapted them to measure people’s response to silence, instead.
“If you can get the same illusions with silences as you get with sounds, then that may be obvious that we literally hear silence after all.” Chaz Firestone, a co-author of the study and cognitive scientist at Johns Hopkins University, says in a statement.
In the study, participants were tricked by these “silence illusions” in a similar way to how people are typically fooled by the sound versions of the experiments.
The researchers prepared seven experiments and tested them on 1,000 study participants. In one experiment, researchers played a recording that sounded like background noise in a crowded place. In the first half of the recording, the background noise was interrupted by two separate periods of silence. In the second half, one continuous period of silence was inserted (嵌入). Researchers asked participants which silence felt longer- the combination of the first two periods of silence, or the second uninterrupted one. Most participants thought the continuous silence was longer, but it was actually the same length as the two shorter silences combined.
These results were consistent with previous research that examined auditory illusions, which used two separate sounds and one continuous sound. With that illusion, people also perceived the continuous sound as longer than the two separate ones together.
Similar findings across the seven experiments suggested that humans experience silence and sound in much the same way: They can distort (扭曲) our perception of time.
21．Why did researchers use auditory illusions in the new study
A．To help people perceive sounds. B．To test people’s adaptability to noise.
C．To measure how people respond to silence. D．To remind people to be quiet in the library.
22．What can we infer from paragraph 5
A．Illusions of silence fool people’s brains.
B．The three periods of silence are of the same length.
C．Sound is usually difficult for people to perceive.
D．Participants chose a recording and played it.
23．Where is this text most likely from
A．A diary. B．A journal. C．A novel. D．A guidebook.
24．What is the best title for the text
A．We can truly hear silence like a sound.
B．Sound and silence are actually the same.
C．Auditory illusions affect our perception ability.
D．Our brain has the ability to perceive sound and silence.
（2023秋·江苏连云港·高三连云港高中校考阶段练习）In our information-driven society, shaping our worldview through the media is similar to forming an opinion about someone solely based on a picture of their foot. While the media might not deliberately deceive us, it often fails to provide a comprehensive view of reality.
Consequently, the question arises: Where, then, shall we get our information from if not from the media Who can we trust How about experts- people who devote their working lives to understanding their chosen slice of the world However, even experts can fall prey to the allure of oversimplification, leading to the “single perspective instinct” that hampers (阻碍) our ability to grasp the intricacies (错综复杂) of the world.
Simple ideas can be appealing because they offer a sense of understanding and certainty. And it is easy to take off down a slippery slope, from one attention-grabbing simple idea to a feeling that this idea beautifully explains, or is the beautiful solution for, lots of other things. The world becomes simple that way.
Yet, when we embrace a singular cause or solution for all problems, we risk oversimplifying complex issues. For instance, championing the concept of equality may lead us to view all problems through the lens of inequality and see resource distribution as the sole panacea. However, such rigidity prevents us from seeing the multidimensional nature of challenges and hinders true comprehension of reality. This “single perspective instinct” ultimately clouds our judgment and restricts our capacity to tackle complex issues effectively. Being always in favor of or always against any particular idea makes you blind to information that doesn’t fit your perspective. This is usually a bad approach if you would like to understand reality.
Instead, constantly test your favorite ideas for weaknesses. Be humble about the extent of your expertise. Be curious about new information that doesn’t fit, and information from other fields. And rather than talking only to people who agree with you, or collecting examples that fit your ideas, consult people who contradict you, disagree with you, and put forward different ideas as a great resource for understanding the world. If this means you don’t have time to form so may opinions, so what
Wouldn’t you rather have few opinions that are right than many that are wrong
25．What does the underlined word “allure” in Para.2 probably mean
A．Temptation. B．Tradition. C．Convenience. D．Consequence.
26．Why are simple ideas appealing according to the passage
A．They meet people’s demand for high efficiency.
B．They generate a sense of complete understanding.
C．They are raised and supported by multiple experts.
D．They reflect the opinions of like-minded individuals.
27．What will the author probably agree with
A．Simplifying matters releases energy for human brains.
B．Constant tests on our ideas help make up for our weakness.
C．A well-founded opinion counts more than many shallow ones.
D．People who disagree with us often have comprehensive views.
28．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage
A．Embracing Disagreement: Refusing Overcomplexity
B．Simplifying Information: Enhancing Comprehension
C．Understanding Differences: Establishing Relationships
D．Navigating Complexity: Challenging Oversimplification
（2023秋·福建南平·高三福建省政和第一中学校考阶段练习）Desperately ill and seeking a miracle, David Bennett Sr. took the last bet on Jan. 7. when be became the first human to be successfully transplanted with the heart of a pig. “It creates the beat; it creates the pressure; it is his heart,” declared Bartley Griffith, director of the surgical team that performed the operation at the University of Maryland Medical Center.
Bennett, 57, held on through 60 tomorrows, far longer than any previous patient who’d received a heart from another species. His remarkable run offered new hope that such procedures, known as xenotransplantation (异种移植), could help relieve the shortage of replacement organs, saving thousands of lives each year.
The earliest attempts at xenotransplantation of organs, involving kidneys from rabbits, goats, and other animals, occurred in the early 20th century, decades before the first successful human-to-human transplants. Rejection, which occurs when the recipient’s body system recognizes the donor organ as a foreign object and attacks it, followed within hours or days. Results improved after some special drugs arrived in the 1960s, but most recipients still died after a few weeks. The record for a heart xenotransplant was set in 1983, when an infant named Baby Fae survived for 20 days with an organ from a baboon (狒狒).
In recent years, however, advances in gene editing have opened a new possibility: re-edit some genes in animals to provide user-friendly spare parts. Pigs could be ideal for this purpose, because they’re easy to raise and reach adult human size in months. Some biotech companies. including Revivicor, are investing heavily in the field. The donor pig was offered by Revivicor from a line of animals in which 10 genes had been re-edited to improve the heart’s condition. Beyond that, the pig was raised in isolation and tested regularly for viruses that could infect humans or damage the organ itself.
This medical breakthrough provided an alternative for the 20% of patients on the heart transplant waiting list who die while waiting or become too sick to be a good candidate.
29．What does the underlined word “run” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Donating his heart to a patient.
B．Performing the heart operation.
C．Living for 60 days after the operation.
D．Receiving a new heart from a pig.
30．Which aspect of xenotransplantation does paragraph 3 mainly focus on
A．Its history. B．Its procedure. C．Its consequence. D．Its significance.
31．What makes pigs ideal for providing spare parts in xenotransplantation
A．Their growth rate and health condition.
B．Their life pattern and resistance to viruses.
C．Their easiness of keeping and rapid growth.
D．Their investment value and natural qualities.
32．Why was Bennett’s operation regarded as a breakthrough
A．It introduced new medications to prevent organ rejection.
B．It proved the potential for using organs from various animals.
C．It guaranteed a sufficient supply of donor pigs for transplants.
D．It offered a prospect of replacement organs through gene editing.
（2023春·安徽·高三校联考开学考试）Imagine a bridge made of Legos with an uneven number of Legos supporting each end of the bridge. One side has three support pieces, and the other side only has two. How would you make the bridge supports balanced Most people would add a piece to the short stack (一摞). But why not remove a piece from the taller stack
People’s preference for adding might cause problems. For example, think about messy homes. Benjamin Converse, a behavioral scientist at the University of Virginia, was part of a team that first found this adding preference. The team asked 100 volunteers to solve eight puzzles. Each puzzle could be solved by adding or removing things. Of the 94 volunteers who completed the task, 76 people added things. Only 18 people removed. The scientists suspect that most people use adding simply because removing never even comes to mind.
Next, the scientists wanted to know if they could influence people to use removal instead of addition. In one experiment, the team offered 197 people a dollar to solve a puzzle. The puzzle involved a Lego structure. The structure was a large pillar with a roof on top. But the roof was uneven. They asked people to make the roof stable. The scientists then split people into two groups. They warned the first group that “each piece you add costs 10 cents”. However, more than half of them still added new blocks to make the roof stable, even though they had the option to remove. The second group was also warned about the cost of adding pieces. But they were also told that “removing pieces is free”. That reminder caused most of them to remove the block to stabilize the roof, proving that people are more likely to remove if they are given reminders. “When people try to make something better. . . they don’t think that they can remove unless they are somehow reminded to do so,” says Converse.
On some deep level, people seem to realize that removal comes less naturally than addition. That may be what’s behind such sayings like, “Less is more.”
33．Why is “messy homes” mentioned in paragraph 2
A．To explain the process of the recent study.
B．To connect the study with daily life.
C．To tell why people add more than remove.
D．To present the meaning of preference
34．What can we learn from the research
A．Most people find removing more difficult than adding.
B．People tend to add instead of removal with some reward.
C．Reminders can increase the likelihood of choosing removal.
D．People are more likely to remove than to add in most cases.
35．How does the author develop the whole passage
A．By explaining the process of research.
B．By providing the significance of the study
C．By providing several reasons for adding.
D．By explaining the background of the study.
36．What’s the author’s attitude to the finding of the research
A．Indifferent B．Ambiguous C．Reasonable D．Suspicious
（2022·云南保山·统考一模）Two earth scientists at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpu are calling for flood prevention and warning systems in areas around the Himalayan mountains to protect people from floods or to warn them of the potential disasters. In their Perspectives piece published in the journal Science, Tanuj Shukla and Indra Sen point out that rising temperatures due to global warming are leading to an increase in flood danger for people who live in the area.
As Shukla and Sen note, the Himalayas hold the most ice anywhere on the planet outside of the polar regions — snow-covered mountains and glaciers hold on to massive amounts of water. In the past, as snow and ice have melted in the warmer months, mountain lakes have formed with natural dams holding them in place. But previous research has shown that increases in the amount of water buildup in such lakes and melting of the ice in the rocky material that makes up natural dams can lead to massive floods. Just eight years ago, they note, melting ice in northern India led to an avalanche (雪崩) that pushed the natural dams past its breaking point. The water rushing down the mountain, carrying with it large rocks, trees and other debris, wound up killing over 5,000 people. Such events are common enough to have been given a name-glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs). They can also be caused by extreme rain events during Monsoon season, which, due to global warming, are happening more often.
Shukla and Sen point out that as the planet grows warmer, more GLOFs are certain to occur. But they also note that the same outcomes are not unavoidable. They suggest that the construction of reservoirs to hold extra rain, structures to change the course of water, detention basins (滞洪区) along with embankments (堤岸) could prevent such flooding. They also suggest improvements in technology could help — upgrading cell service in the region, for example, would allow people upstream to call and warn those living downstream. They also suggest building a satellite network that could be used to monitor troublesome areas. Taken together, such technology could form the basis of an early warning system. Without such action, they warn millions of people could lose their lives in the coming years.
37．What are Shukla and Sen concerned about according to Paragraph 1
A．The Himalayas holds more and more ice because of flood happened.
B．How to establish warning systems around the Himalayan mountains.
C．How to prevent flood in areas around the Himalayan mountains.
D．More flood caused by global warming may occur around Himalayas.
38．What’s the main idea of the 2nd paragraph
A．The result of an avalanche.
B．The meaning of GLOFs.
C．The cause of GLOFs.
D．The cause of an avalanche.
39．Which statement is TRUE according to the passage
A．GLOFs can be avoided in Shukla and Sen’s opinion.
B．GLOFs can be prevented by reducing detention basins.
C．Constructing reservoirs is the best way to prevent GLOFs.
D．GLOFs are unpredictable in the future due to global warming.
40．What do Shukla and Sen suggest to prevent GLOFs
A．To improve the embankments.
B．To make more satellites.
C．To upgrade satellite network.
D．To set up warning systems.
参考答案：
1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是无糖饮品因添加了人工甜味剂而使得摄入的人胃口大增，对身体有害。
1．细节理解题。由第二段中“We found females and overweight people had greater brain reward activity after consuming the artificial sweetener (我们发现，女性和超重者在食用人造甜味剂后，大脑的奖励活动更大)”和“Both groups ate more food after consuming drinks with sucralose, compared with after regular sugar-sweetened drinks. In contrast, the study found males and people of healthy weight did not have an increase in either brain reward activity or hunger response, suggesting they’re not affected in the same way. (与常规加糖饮料相比，两组人在饮用含有三氯蔗糖的饮料后都吃了更多的食物。相比之下，研究发现，男性和体重健康的人的大脑奖励活动或饥饿反应都没有增加，这表明他们没有受到同样的影响)”可知，女性相比于男性来说，在喝了无糖饮料后更容易吃得更多。故选A项。
2．词句猜测题。由第三段中“The idea is that artificial sweeteners may confuse the body by tricking it into thinking sugar is coming. “You are supposed to get sugar after something tastes sweet,” explains Swithers, “Your body has been used to that.”(这种想法是，人造甜味剂可能会诱使身体认为糖即将到来，从而误导身体。Swithers解释道：“你应该在尝到甜的东西后得到糖。你的身体已经习惯了that。”)”可知，人造甜味剂可能会误导身体，让它误以为糖来了，说明人的身体已经习惯尝到了甜的东西后一定会得到糖，这是身体对糖的反应，that指代“对甜味的反应”。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。由最后一段中““It’s a small effect, but overtime this could contribute to potentially significant consequences,” she says. If this is happening in some people who consume diet soda, it could add to the risk of Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病), because when blood sugar rises, the body has to release more insulin (胰岛素) to absorb the sugar. (她说：“这是一个小影响，但随着时间的推移，这可能会产生潜在的重大后果。”如果这种情况发生在一些喝无糖汽水的人身上，可能会增加患2型糖尿病的风险，因为当血糖升高时，身体必须释放更多的胰岛素来吸收糖)”可知，摄入人工甜味剂可能会导致重大的健康问题。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。本文主要讲的是无糖饮品因添加了人工甜味剂而使得摄入的人胃口大增，对身体有害，C项“无糖饮料与健康之间的潜在联系”能概括全文大意。故选C项。
5．D 6．A 7．B 8．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“后院鸟类大统计”这一活动，这是“公民科学”项目兴起的一部分，在这些项目中，志愿者收集有关自然世界的数据供研究人员使用。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“She led a group of students and parents to an arboretum(植物园)for an exercise in data-gathering.（她带领一群学生和家长到一个植物园进行数据收集练习。）”可知，Dalibor要带她的学生去植物园是为了收集鸟类的信息。故选D。
6．主旨大意题。根据第五段“Organizers recommend the Merlin bird ID app to distinguish birds by size, shape, song or other characteristics. Many participants also carry field guides and binoculars (双筒望远镜)along with their phones. They then enter the findings into the eBird app. Those numbers help researchers track the ups and downs of various species, which then help determine the direction of conservation efforts.（组织者推荐使用梅林鸟类识别应用程序，通过大小、形状、鸣叫或其他特征来区分鸟类。许多参与者还携带着野外指南和双筒望远镜以及他们的手机。然后，他们将这些发现输入eBird应用程序。这些数字可以帮助研究人员追踪各种物种的起伏，从而帮助确定保护工作的方向。）”可知，第五段讲述的是“eBird是如何工作的”。故选A。
7．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中“Organizers recommend the Merlin bird ID app to distinguish birds by size, shape, song or other characteristics. （组织者推荐使用梅林鸟类识别应用程序，通过大小、形状、鸣叫或其他特征来区分鸟类。）”可知，人们可以使用梅林鸟类ID应用程序来辨别不同的鸟类。故选B。
8．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“When the Great Backyard Bird Count (GBBC) began last Friday, Steve and Janet Kistler of Hart County, Kentucky, joined in. They’ve done so every year since the now-global tradition began 25 years ago.(上周五，当大后院鸟类大统计开始时，肯塔基州哈特县的Steve和Janet Kistler也加入了进来。自25年前这一全球传统开始以来，他们每年都会这样做)”和第三段的“It’s part of a rise in “citizen science” projects in which volunteers collect data about the natural world for use by researchers.(这是“公民科学”项目兴起的一部分，在该项目中，志愿者收集有关自然世界的数据供研究人员使用)”可知，文章主要介绍了“后院鸟类大统计”这一活动，这是“公民科学”项目兴起的一部分，在这些项目中，志愿者收集有关自然世界的数据供研究人员使用，故D选项Great Backyard Bird Count shows power of citizen science.（伟大的后院鸟类统计显示了公民科学的力量。）适合用作文章标题。故选D。
9．D 10．B 11．C 12．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文，研究表明，慈鲷和黄貂鱼两种鱼有简单的数学计算能力。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“This fact has been known for sometime that Cichlids and stingrays can precisely detect small quantities without counting.(这一事实早已为人所知，慈鲷和黄貂鱼可以在不计数的情况下精确地检测到少量的数量)”可知，人们早就知道慈鲷和黄貂鱼不需要数就能精确地识别较小的数字，故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“The researchers used a method other research groups had already successfully used to test the mathematical abilities of bees(研究人员使用了一种其他研究小组已经成功用于测试蜜蜂数学能力的方法)”可知，研究人员借鉴测试蜜蜂的方法是为了确保研究的可靠性，故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据第三段中“They showed the fish a collection of geometric shapes — for example, four squares. If these objects were colored blue, this meant ‘add one’. Yellow, on the other hand, meant ‘subtract one’. After showing the original stimulus (e. g. four squares), the animals were shown two new pictures — one with five and one with three squares. If they swam to the correct picture(i. e. to the five squares in the ‘blue’ arithmetic task) , they were rewarded with food. If they gave the wrong answer, they went away empty-handed.Overtime, they learned to associate the blue color with an increase of one in the amount shown at the beginning, and the yellow number with a decrease.(他们向鱼展示了一组几何形状——例如，四个正方形。如果这些物体是蓝色的，这意味着‘加1’。另一方面，黄色表示‘减1’。在展示了原始的刺激（例如四个正方形）之后，给动物们看了两张新的图片——一张有五个正方形，另一张有三个正方形。如果它们游到正确的图片（也就是说，在‘蓝色’算术任务中找到五个正方形），它们会得到食物奖励。如果它们给出了错误的答案，它们就会空手而归。随着时间的推移，他们学会了将蓝色与开始时显示的数量增加1联系起来，将黄色数字与减少联系起来。)”可知，研究人员是通过观察和得出结论而展开的，故选C。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But can the fish apply this knowledge to new tasks Have they actually mastered the mathematical rule behind the colors ‘To check this, we will designedly leave out some calculations during future training,’ Schluessel explains.(但是鱼能把这些知识应用到新的任务中吗？它们真的掌握了颜色背后的数学法则吗？‘为了验证这一点，我们将在未来的训练中故意省略一些计算。’Schluessel解释说)”可知，还需要更多的实验来证实新发现，故选C。
13．B 14．A 15．B 16．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了婴儿期的遗忘现象，即婴儿时期的记忆称为“婴儿遗忘症”，并列举了几种可能的解释，包括自我意识的发展、语言的缺乏以及海马体的未完全发育等。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Within the first few days of life, infants can recall their own mother’s face and distinguish it from the face of a stranger. A few months later, infants can demonstrate that they remember lots of familiar faces by smiling most at the ones they see most often.(在生命的最初几天里，婴儿可以回忆起自己母亲的脸，并将其与陌生人的脸区分开来。几个月后，婴儿可以通过对他们最常看到的面孔微笑来证明他们记得很多熟悉的面孔)”可知，在出生的前几个月里，婴儿可以辨别熟悉和不熟悉的面孔。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Infants younger than 18 months just smile at the baby in the reflection, not showing any evidence of recognizing themselves or the red mark on their face.( 18个月以下的婴儿只是对着镜子中的婴儿微笑，没有任何迹象表明他们认识自己或脸上的红色标记。)”以及“ Between 18 and 24 months, infants touch their own nose, even looking embarrassed, suggesting that they connect the red dot in the mirror with their own face—they start to form some sense of self.(在18到24个月之间，婴儿摸自己的鼻子，甚至看起来很尴尬，这表明他们把镜子里的红点和自己的脸联系在一起——他们开始形成某种自我意识。)”可知，在实验测试期间，18个月之后的婴儿会触摸自己的鼻子，甚至感到尴尬，表明他们将镜子中的红点与自己的脸联系起来，开始形成一定的自我意识，即认出了自己。故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Finally, the hippocampus (海马体), which is the region of the brain that’s largely responsible for memory, isn’t fully developed in the infancy period. (最后，海马体，大脑中主要负责记忆的区域，在婴儿时期并没有完全发育。)”可知，“婴儿遗忘症”的一个可能原因是婴儿的海马体不成熟。故选B。
16．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“In fact, most people can’t remember things from the first few years of their lives—a phenomenon researchers have called infantile amnesia.(事实上，大多数人都不记得生命最初几年的事情——研究人员将这种现象称为婴儿健忘症。)”以及通读全文，文章介绍了婴儿期的遗忘现象，并列举了几种可能的解释，包括自我意识的发展、语言的缺乏以及海马体的未完全发育等。D选项“Why can’t we remember being a baby ( 为什么我们不记得自己是婴儿？)”概括文章主要内容，符合文章的标题，故选D。
17．C 18．D 19．A 20．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了科技是如何让作家在组织规划任务故事情节等方面收益的。
17．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“He said that the process had become difficult to manage: “In the midst of editing, I got to the point where I started feeling like I had a lot of plots and characters,” he told the BBC.(他说这个过程变得很难管理：“在编辑过程中，我开始觉得我有很多情节和角色，”他告诉BBC。)”可知，Green感觉自己小说中的角色和情节太多，思路不好管理，可推知他在写作构思方面遇到了困难，故选C项。
18．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Once the book has been published, technology is also playing an ever-increasing role in publicity and connecting with readers. Websites and apps from specialist firms allow authors to participate in live question-and-answer sessions with their audience. (一旦这本书出版，技术在宣传和与读者的联系方面也发挥着越来越大的作用。专业公司的网站和应用程序允许作者与观众进行现场问答环节。)”可知，新技术拉近了作者和读者之间的距离，故选D项。
19．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Michael Green believes technology will become even more important as a new generation of tech-savvy (精通技术的) writers becomes more well-known.(迈克尔·格林认为，随着新一代精通技术的作家越来越知名，技术将变得更加重要。)”及最后一段““What I’m finding with the Generation Z and even younger writers is that they’re looking for technology to give them guidance,” he told the BBC. “They see it as a tool to learn and grow with, rather than extra work.”(“我在Z一代甚至更年轻的作家身上发现的是，他们正在寻找技术来为他们提供指导，”他告诉BBC。“他们认为这是一种学习和成长的工具，而不是额外的工作。”)”可知，Green认为新科技对与成长中的作家很重要，故选A项。
20．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Writing a book is a long and challenging process, but new technology is increasingly making it easier for authors to finish their books.(写一本书是一个漫长而具有挑战性的过程，但新技术正日益使作者更容易完成他们的书。)”并结合全文可知，文章主要介绍了科技是如何让作家在组织规划任务故事情节等方面收益的，本文的目的是要分享新技术如何让作者收益，故选C项。
21．C 22．A 23．B 24．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。最新的研究表明人们可以像听到其他声音一样，听到沉默。文章解释了研究开展的经过以及发现表明，人类体验沉默和声音的方式大致相同：它们会扭曲我们对时间的感知。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段“In this new study, researchers examined how people experience silence using well-known auditory illusions (错觉). The illusions are meant to test the perception of noise, but for the study, the team adapted them to measure people’s response to silence, instead.(在这项新的研究中，研究人员研究了人们是如何使用众所周知的听觉错觉来体验沉默的。这些错觉是为了测试人们对噪音的感知，但在这项研究中，研究小组把它们改造成测量人们对沉默的反应)”可知，研究人员在这项新研究中使用听觉错觉是为了衡量人们对沉默的反应。故选C。
22．推理判断题。根据第四段“In the study, participants were tricked by these “silence illusions” in a similar way to how people are typically fooled by the sound versions of the experiments.(在这项研究中，参与者被这些“沉默错觉”所欺骗，其方式与人们通常被声音版本的实验所欺骗的方式相似)”以及第五段“Most participants thought the continuous silence was longer, but it was actually the same length as the two shorter silences combined.(大多数参与者认为连续的沉默更长，但实际上它的长度与两个较短的沉默的总和相同)”可推知，沉默的幻觉愚弄人的大脑。故选A。
23．推理判断题。根据文章说明了最新的研究表明人们可以像听到其他声音一样，听到沉默。文章解释了研究开展的经过以及发现表明，人类体验沉默和声音的方式大致相同：它们会扭曲我们对时间的感知。可推知，文章可能选自科学杂志。故选B。
24．主旨大意题。根据第一段“From the roar of a crowd to the quiet of a library, sound and silence might seem like polar opposites. However, according to a new research, our brains perceive them in the same way. Silence may not be a sound, but scientists say we can truly hear it.(从人群的喧嚣到图书馆的宁静，声音和沉默似乎是两极对立的。然而，根据一项新的研究，我们的大脑以同样的方式感知它们。沉默可能不是一种声音，但科学家说我们可以真正听到它)”结合文章说明了最新的研究表明人们可以像听到其他声音一样，听到沉默。文章解释了研究开展的经过以及发现表明，人类体验沉默和声音的方式大致相同：它们会扭曲我们对时间的感知。可知，A选项“我们真的能像听到声音一样听到沉默”最符合文章标题。故选A。
25．A 26．B 27．C 28．D
【导语】本文是说明文。短文主要讲述了在信息驱动的社会中，塑造我们的世界观经常无法提供全面的现实视角。简单的想法可能很吸引人，但是我们会冒着过度简化复杂问题的风险，最终会影响我们的判断力，限制我们有效解决复杂问题的能力。我们应该与持有不同观点的人交谈并试图理解他们的观点，形成正确的观点。
25．词义猜测题。根据第二段“leading to the “single perspective instinct” that hampers(阻碍)our ability to grasp the intricacies of the world. (导致“单一视角本能”， 阻碍我们掌握世界的复杂性)”可知，专家受到过度简化的allure，也会导致单一视觉，不能掌握世界的复杂性，因此推断此处表示受到了过度简化的诱惑，allure在这里指的是“诱惑”。故选A。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Simple ideas can be appealing because they offer a sense of understanding and certainty. (简单的想法可能很有吸引力，因为它们提供了一种理解和确定性)”可知，简单的想法具有吸引力是因为它们产生一种完全理解的感觉。故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Instead, constantly test your favorite ideas for weaknesses. Be humble about the extent of your expertise. Be curious about new information that doesn’t fit, and information from other fields. And rather than talking only to people who agree with you, or collecting examples that fit your ideas, consult people who contradict you, disagree with you, and put forward different ideas as a great resource for understanding the world.(相反，要不断测试你最喜欢的想法的弱点。对自己的专业知识要谦虚。对不合适的新信息和来自其他领域的信息保持好奇。而不是只与那些同意你的人交谈，或者收集符合你想法的例子，咨询那些反驳你、不同意你的人，并提出不同想法的人，作为理解世界的重要资源)”可推断，作者认为要不断测试自己的想法，要谦虚，要保持好奇，不要只是与同意自己观点的人交谈，要与那些与持有与自己不同观点的人交流，接受不同的观点，作为理解世界的重要资源。因此推断作者认为理由充分的观点比肤浅的观点更有价值。故选C。
28．主旨大意题。根据第一段内容“In our information-driven society, shaping our worldview through the media is similar to forming an opinion about someone solely based on a picture of their foot. While the media might not deliberately deceive us, it often fails to provide a comprehensive view of reality.(在我们这个信息驱动的社会中，通过媒体塑造我们的世界观就像仅仅根据一个人的脚的照片来形成对他们的看法一样，它经常无法提供全面的现实视角)”，第二段的“However, even experts can fall prey to the allure of oversimplification, leading to the “single perspective instinct” that hampers(阻碍)our ability to grasp the intricacies of the world.(然而，即使是专家也会受到过度简化的诱惑，导致“单一视角本能”，阻碍我们掌握世界的复杂性)”以及倒数第三的“And rather than talking only to people who agree with you, or collecting examples that fit your ideas, consult people who contradict you, disagree with you, and put forward different ideas as a great resource for understanding the world. (与其只与那些同意你的人交谈，或者收集符合你想法的例子，不如咨询那些反驳你、不同意你的人，并提出不同想法的人，作为理解世界的重要资源)”以及全文内容可知，本文作者主要提出“单一视角本能”最终会影响我们的判断力，限制我们有效解决复杂问题的能力，我们应该接受不同的观点，作为理解世界的重要资源。因此D项“驾驭复杂性:挑战过度简化”为最佳标题。故选D。
29．C 30．A 31．C 32．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了第一个成功移植猪心脏的人，他坚持了60天，比以往任何接受过其他物种心脏移植的病人都要长得多。他的出色表现给人们带来了新的希望，即，这种被称为异种移植的手术可以帮助缓解替代器官的短缺，每年挽救数千人的生命。这一医学突破为心脏移植等待名单上20%的患者提供了另一种选择。
29．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Bennett, 57, held on through 60 tomorrows, far longer than any previous patient who’d received a heart from another species. His remarkable run offered new hope that such procedures, known as xenotransplantation, could help relieve the shortage of replacement organs, saving thousands of lives each year.(57岁的贝内特坚持了60个明天，比以往任何接受过其他物种心脏移植的病人都要长得多。他的出色表现给人们带来了新的希望，即这种被称为异种移植的手术可以帮助缓解替代器官的短缺，每年挽救数千人的生命)”可知，His remarkable run指的是上文提到的“57岁的贝内特坚持了60个明天”，即手术后活了60天。故选C。
30．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“The earliest attempts at xenotransplantation of organs, involving kidneys from rabbits, goats, and other animals, occurred in the early 20th century, decades before the first successful human-to-human transplants. Rejection, which occurs when the recipient’s body system recognizes the donor organ as a foreign object and attacks it, followed within hours or days. Results improved after some special drugs arrived in the 1960s, but most recipients still died after a few weeks. The record for a heart xenotransplant was set in 1983, when an infant named Baby Fae survived for 20 days with an organ from a baboon.( 最早的异种器官移植尝试发生在20世纪初，涉及兔子、山羊和其他动物的肾脏，比第一次成功的人对人移植早了几十年。当受者的身体系统将供体器官识别为异物并对其进行攻击时，就会发生排异反应，排异反应会在数小时或数天内发生。20世纪60年代，一些特殊药物问世后，效果有所改善，但大多数接受者仍在几周后死亡。异种心脏移植的记录是在1983年创造的，当时一个名叫“费伊宝宝”(Baby Fae)的婴儿用狒狒的器官存活了20天)”可知，第三段主要介绍了异种移植的历史。故选A。
31．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Pigs could be ideal for this purpose, because they’re easy to raise and reach adult human size in months.(猪可能是这个目的的理想选择，因为它们很容易饲养，几个月内就能达到成年人的体型)”可知，猪易养且生长速度快，是异种移植的理想供给品。故选C。
32．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In recent years, however, advances in gene editing have opened a new possibility: re-edit some genes in animals to provide user-friendly spare parts.(然而，近年来，基因编辑的进步开辟了一种新的可能性：重新编辑动物的一些基因，以提供用户友好的备件)”及最后一段“This medical breakthrough provided an alternative for the 20% of patients on the heart transplant waiting list who die while waiting or become too sick to be a good candidate.(这一医学突破为20%在心脏移植等待名单上的患者提供了另一种选择，这些患者在等待期间死亡或因病情严重而无法成为良好的候选者)”可推知，贝内特的手术被认为是一个突破，因为它提供了通过基因编辑替代器官的前景。故选D。
33．B 34．C 35．A 36．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们在日常思考模式上用“加法”而不常用“减法”的思维定势，并通过科学家针对这一现象的实验操作介绍其背后的原理，并得出“减法”的思考模式是可以通过提醒来加强的结论。
33．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“For example, think about messy homes. (例如，想想凌乱的家)”以及“People’s preference for adding might cause problems.(人们对加法的偏好可能会引起问题)”可知，举凌乱的家的例子是为了把研究和日常生活联系起来。故选B。
34．推理判断题。根据文章第三段 ““When people try to make something better. . . they don’t think that they can remove unless they are somehow reminded to do so,” says Converse. (“当人们试图做得更好时……除非有人提醒，否则他们不认为自己可以移除，”匡威说。)”可以，我们从研究中了解到，提醒可以增加选择删除的可能性。故选C。
35．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Next, the scientists wanted to know if they could influence people to use removal instead of addition. In one experiment, the team offered 197 people a dollar to solve a puzzle. The puzzle involved a Lego structure. (接下来，科学家们想知道他们是否可以影响人们使用去除而不是添加。在一项实验中，研究小组给197人一美元，让他们解决一个谜题。这个谜题涉及一个乐高结构)”可知，作者通过对科学家进行的实验的分析得出结论，所以A项“By explaining the process of research (通过解释研究过程)”符合文章发展脉络的逻辑关系。故选A。
36．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容“On some deep level, people seem to realize that removal comes less naturally than addition. That may be what’s behind such sayings like, “Less is more.”(在某种深层次上，人们似乎意识到去除没有添加那么自然。这可能就是“少即是多。”这类谚语背后的原因) ”可知，作者认为研究的发现是合理的。故选C。
37．B 38．B 39．A 40．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球变暖导致的气温上升使居住在喜马拉雅山脉周边地区的人们面临更大的洪水危险。印度坎普理工学院的两位地球科学家呼吁在该地区建立洪水预防和预警系统，以保护人们免受洪水侵袭，或警告他们即将到来的灾难。
37．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Two earth scientists at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpu are calling for flood prevention and warning systems in areas around the Himalayan mountains to protect people from floods or to warn them of the potential disasters.(印度坎普理工学院的两位地球科学家呼吁在喜马拉雅山脉周围地区建立防洪和预警系统，保护人们免受洪水侵袭，或者警告他们潜在的灾害)”可知，舒克拉和森关心的是如何在喜马拉雅山脉周围建立预警系统。故选B。
38．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“In the past, as snow and ice have melted in the warmer months, mountain lakes have formed with natural dams holding them in place. But previous research has shown that increases in the amount of water buildup in such lakes and melting of the ice in the rocky material that makes up natural dams can lead to massive floods. Just eight years ago, they note, melting ice in northern India led to an avalanche (雪崩) that pushed the natural dams past its breaking point. The water rushing down the mountain, carrying with it large rocks, trees and other debris, wound up killing over 5,000 people. Such events are common enough to have been given a name-glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs).(在过去，随着冰雪在温暖的月份融化，高山湖泊就会形成，自然的水坝将它们固定在那里。但之前的研究表明，这些湖泊中蓄水量的增加以及构成天然水坝的岩石材料中的冰的融化可能导致大规模洪水。他们指出，就在八年前，印度北部的冰川融化导致了一场雪崩，导致天然水坝超过了其决口。洪水冲下山，带着大块的岩石、树木和其他碎片，最终造成5000多人死亡。这样的事件很常见，以至于有了一个名字——冰湖溃决洪水(GLOFs))”可知，第二段主要介绍了什么是冰湖溃决洪水(GLOFs)。故选B。
39．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“But they also note that the same outcomes are not unavoidable. They suggest that the construction of reservoirs to hold extra rain, structures to change the course of water, detention basins (滞洪区) along with embankments (堤岸) could prevent such flooding.(但他们也指出，同样的结果并非不可避免。他们建议建造蓄水池来储存额外的雨水，改变水流的结构，蓄水池和堤防可以防止这种洪水)”可知，舒克拉和森认为冰湖溃决洪水(GLOFs)是可以避免的。故选A。
40．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Two earth scientists at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpu are calling for flood prevention and warning systems in areas around the Himalayan mountains to protect people from floods or to warn them of the potential disasters.(印度坎普理工学院的两位地球科学家呼吁在喜马拉雅山脉周围地区建立防洪和预警系统，保护人们免受洪水侵袭，或者警告他们潜在的灾害)”及最后一段中的“Taken together, such technology could form the basis of an early warning system. Without such action, they warn millions of people could lose their lives in the coming years.(综合起来，这些技术可以构成早期预警系统的基础。他们警告说，如果不采取这样的行动，数百万人可能在未来几年失去生命)”可推知，舒克拉和森建议在喜马拉雅山脉周围建立洪水预防和预警系统以预防冰湖溃决洪水(GLOFs)。故选D。