备战2024年高考英语名校模拟真题速递专题03： 七选五10篇(第二期)(新高考专用)（含解析）
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备战2024年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(新高考专用)
第二期
专题03 七选五10篇
（2023秋·湖北·高三统考阶段练习）Boost your Memory
When trying to memorize new material, it’s easy to assume that the more work you put in, the better you will perform. 1 Just turn down the lights, sit back, and enjoy10-15 minutes of quiet rest, and you’ll find that your memory is far better than if you had attempted to use that moment more productively.
Although it’s known that we should pace our studies, new research suggests that we should aim for “minimal distraction” during these breaks. 2 You really need to give your brain the chance for a complete recharge with no distraction.
The memory-boosting benefits of undisturbed rest were documented in 1900. In one experiment, the researcher first asked the participants to learn a list of syllables. Following a short period, half the group was immediately given a second list to learn, while the rest were given a six-minute break before continuing. 3 The participants given the break remembered nearly 50 percent, compared to an average of 28 percent for the other group.
In the early 2000s, two other researchers led several follow-up studies. In healthy participants, they have found that short periods of rest can also improve our memory of places. More crucially, this advantage stays a week after the original learning task and it seems to benefit young and old people alike. 4
The exact mechanism is still unknown. It is now accepted that once memories are initially encoded, they pass through a period of consolidation (巩固) that bond them in long-term storage. 5 But now in the age of information, it seems that our brains do need a short break at times to function better.
A．Our memory is easily distracted by new information.
B．This was once thought to happen primarily during sleep.
C．We tend to avoid activities contradictory to memory tasks.
D．Yet doing nothing occasionally maybe exactly what you need.
E．So don’t check your emails, or surf the web on your smartphone.
F．When tested one hour later, both groups showed strikingly different patterns of recall.
G．They have also found similar benefits for people in the earlier stages of Alzheimer’s disease.
（2023秋·山东泰安·高三统考阶段练习）It is commonplace to come across instances of students or young professionals of the same age groups renting together. 6 More young adults are now choosing intergenerational housing arrangements, living with people in their 60s and 70s.
Intergenerational housing whereby Gen Zers and Millennials rent a room from an elderly homeowner is not limited to a particular region. 7
In recent years, the high cost of living makes it nearly impossible for young adults to find affordable accommodations in major urban areas. 8 In fact, many universities develop such intergenerational housing programs. For example, Des Moines-based Drake University offers its music students a chance to live rent-free at one regional senior living center, provided they perform certain chores for the elderly residents.
9 Many feel staying with seniors helps them learn life lessons, such as financial and home ownership responsibilities. They find the arrangement great for studying and decompressing (解压) after work as the homes are usually quiet and orderly. They also find such arrangements much better than staying with a loud, dirty roommate!
The elderly find renting their homes to young people a win-win proposition. They have someone able and energetic for company and the additional income helps them offset (抵消) the cost of home ownership. 10
A．It is now widespread in many parts of the U.S.
B．Living with the elderly is challenging for the young.
C．However, recently, a different trend has been observed.
D．It drives the demand for intergenerational housing arrangements.
E．Nowadays, many young people prefer to live independently after finishing school.
F．The students find living with seniors better than sharing rooms with several roommates.
G．Another person in an empty home also relieves the loneliness many old people experience.
（2022秋·安徽合肥·高三校考阶段练习）Do you think that you are not outgoing enough Are you too shy to make friends 11 They will help you.
Always be clean. Take a shower, brush your teeth, and try to look nice. Dress in clean clothes. 12 Then your friends will like you very much.
13 Try to smile more often at people. It will make them think that you are friendly. Then people want to talk to you more even if they don’t know you.
Just talk. Some people worry about talking because they think, “What am I going to talk about with that person ” 14 They just go up to people and say what they think.
Listen to people. You can’t just talk all the time. You have to listen to others and give your ideas. Let them know you care about them.
Read the news! 15 Surf the Internet for news and information, and talk about them when you are with your friends.
A．Your friends will like you very much.
B．They must make you feel good and comfortable.
C．Don’t just stay at home and do nothing.
D．Smile more often.
E．Read the following rules.
F．Talk to others politely.
G．Outgoing people don’t even think about it.
（2023秋·广东广州·高三统考开学考试）Are your teenagers getting enough sleep It’s the key to exam success. If they sleep well, they will be more likely to perform better. Here are some practical ways you can help them.
16 Parents should avoid falling asleep on the sofa in the evenings or using tech devices when it’s mit to your own bedtime routine so that your teenager can be your follower.
Work out exactly how much sleep they need. Teenagers should aim for between eight and ten hours’ sleep a night, according to the World Health Organisation. 17 Maybe it’s eight, or maybe it’s nine. But those who get less than seven hours most nights are not getting enough.
Establish a wind-down (放松) routine. Once they know how much sleep they’re aiming for, help them to achieve this by negotiating a 30 to 60-minute wind-down routine before they go to bed, at the same time every night. 18
Let them have a weekend lie-in. Enable your children to get up as late as they can, sparing them the morning chores. 19 Troubling teenagers out of bed at weekends works against their sleep pattern.
20 They will reward you more.
A．Lead by example.
B．Let your teenagers have more sleep.
C．Half an hour of exercise can excite their body.
D．But the exact amount of sleep your teenager needs is unique.
E．Getting up late occasionally will improve their work efficiency.
F．On study-leave days an extra hour in bed will help them concentrate better.
G．A bath will bring the body temperature down a degree which is ideal for sleep.
（2022·四川南充·四川省南充高级中学校考一模）Surprising customs from around the world
One thing that sets humans apart from other members of the animal kingdom is our tendency to develop, customs and traditions. 21 .
An odd custom associated with the United States is its complicated tipping culture. Unlike many other countries who don’t tip at all or who only tip in small amounts when the food was particularly good, everyone has to tip at most restaurants in the US. 22 , customers have a duty to leave between 10-20 percent of the bill in tips. Wait staff rely on these tips for a living because legal wages for waiters are low. While some criticize this practice as irrational, there’s no doubt that tipping culture in the US gives a motive for waiters and waitresses to provide better service.
23 . While members of most cultures would probably agree that pointing fingers isn’t exactly the nicest thing in the world, in Malaysia and Indonesia, this gesture can be seen as incredibly offensive. 24 . In many countries in Africa, pointing is reserved for inanimate objects only, not people.
Most societies around the world have rules about table manners. For western cultures, noisily consuming food is considered rude. In Japan, however, making slurping (啧啧响的) sounds while eating has an entirely different meaning. 25 . Some scientists even argue slurping invites air into the mouth and actually enhances the noodles’ flavor.
A．To put it another way
B．If you dine in Shanghai
C．It indicates that you’re really enjoying them
D．In western countries, noodles are twisted on a spoon
E．Here are some astonishing customs from around the world
F．Some countries find the act of pointing with the index finger to be rude
G．Instead, to gesture towards things with the thumb is seen as a more polite option
（2022秋·四川内江·高三四川省资中县第二中学校考阶段练习）We love to stare into our smart devices. We gaze for hours at ourcomputers, smartphones, tablets and televisions. 26 It might be, mainly because as we stare at our devices we are exposing our- selves to blue light.
Blue light is a type of electromagnetic radiation (电磁辐射) with a very short wavelength that produces a high amount of energy. While it’s true that light can damage your eyes under certain circumstances, there’s no scientific evidence suggesting that blue light is harmful to our eyes. 27 Blue light exposure is nothing new. In fact, the sun is the largest source of blue light. Moreover,blue light is also present in fluorescent and LED light. But if blue light isn’t harmful, then why are we constantly rubbing our eyes when we’re looking at our screens 28 More than 60 percent of people experience problems associated with digital eyestrain. And blue light, it seems,isn’t the cause. Instead, our eyes are so strained because most of us blink less when we stare at our digital devices.
29 However, wearing them could potentially help you get a good night’s sleep. That’s because blue light, research has shown, affects your body’s circadian rhythm(生理节律),your natural wake and seep cycle. According to Harvard researchers,any kind of light-including blue light-can reduce your body’s ability to secrete melatonin (分泌褪黑激素), a hormone that helps you sleep.
30 You can find them everywhere. You also can address your blue light exposure by changing your smart phone or tablet’s display settings to night shit or something similar, or you can down- load an app that filters out blue light, too.
A．The answer is eyestrain.
B．Is all this staring bad for us
C．Do blue light-blocking glasses work
D．People have come to realize this in recent years.
E．Interested in buying a pair of blue-light gasses for yourself
F．So if eyestrain is the real issue, blue light-blocking gasses are probably useless.
G．But many people sill think it is, which is why blue light-blocking glasses are so popular.
（2023秋·江苏镇江·高三统考开学考试）Being highly critical or talking down to yourself are examples of self-criticism that highlight your own weaknesses. You may feel you don’t meet your own personal standards or expectations. Fortunately, you can improve this pattern of self-criticism by changing your thought patterns and practicing positive affirmations (情感上的支持或鼓励).
●What is self-criticism
Self-criticism is the act of thinking negatively about yourself. Individuals with self-critical tendencies face self-created problems due to their tough standards and internalized social values for self-evaluation. 31 For some individuals, self-criticism can have a negative effect on day-to-day mood and may be a factor for depression and other forms of mental illness.
● Can self-criticism be good
32 If people use personal criticism in a way that’s useful to complete tasks and achieve goals, it can be beneficial. They can use it as a way to examine their decisions and behaviors and evaluate whether they need to make any changes.
● 33
People with avoidant (回避反应的) attachment styles avoid closeness. This may prevent them from developing relationships for how to show compassion (同情) for themselves and others. Self-criticism is also likely to arise from shame, insecure attachments, and having low self-esteem.
● Examples of self-Criticism
When individuals engage in negative self-assessment, they create an inner dialogue that uses demeaning (贬低的) and demotivating language. 34 They may say, “I am easily disappointed with myself.” “I can’t accept failures and setbacks without feeling inadequate,” and “I stop caring about myself.”
● How can self-criticism be overcome
To overcome self-criticism, it’s helpful to be honest with yourself about the role you play. You can start to identify how your self-criticism impacts your mood and daily routine. 35
A．Self-criticism isn’t always bad.
B．Where does self-criticism come from
C．If so, please step outside your comfort zone.
D．Self-criticism is associated with little progress.
E．It’s also important to seek professional help as needed.
F．Examples of self-criticism include phrases and negative self-talk.
G．As a result, they’re unsure of their thoughts, feelings, and emotions.
（2023·四川绵阳·绵阳南山中学实验学校校考模拟预测）E-Bike Safety Tips
Before you go on your next two-wheeled adventure, make sure you’re familiar with the ins and outs of bicycle safety. E-bike is a great way to get around, save money and protect the environment. But fun as e-bikes are to ride, they still require practices to ensure your fun rides can be safe. 36 .
▲ Keep dos and don’ts in mind. Wear a helmet. A full face helmet with a face shield (护罩) can give you all around protection. Ride with the flow of traffic rather than against it. 37 . Don’t forget to use the lights to make you more visible at night, which may decrease chances of road accidents.
▲ Be sure your bike is ready to ride. That starts with checking that the tires are inflated. Make sure the brakes are working properly. 38 , if the bicycle hasn’t been used for a while. For an e-bike, also make sure your battery is charged. And before and after every ride, inspect your bicycle for damage.
▲ 39 . This is important for e-bike riders. With the ability to go faster comes the responsibility to know when you should slow down.
▲ Ride in the right lanes. 40 , when you’re riding in the street. Moreover, check the sign to see where e-bikes are allowed. Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine.
You can check the People for Bikes website (peopleforbikes.org) for more information.
A．Be aware of your speed
B．Be cautious of proper helmets
C．It is vital to pay careful attention to some tips
D．Take it for adjustment before you go for a ride
E．Don’t talk on the phone, text, or listen to music
F．There are many other great options out there too
G．Read the signals and pay attention to the lane markings
（2022·云南保山·统考一模）Criticism(批评)is harmful to healthy relationships. 41 Being overly critical, however, can cause tension in a relationship over time. The following are some ways to catch criticism before it begins.
Think before you speak. Before you criticize, pause and consider whether you really need to say anything at all. If someone did something to get on your nerves, would you really need to point it out 42 Take a few deep breaths and leave the room instead of criticizing.
Be realistic. 43 Your tendency to criticize may come from expecting too much from others. Sometimes you may find yourself consistently annoyed or disappointed with others. It may be a good idea to adjust your expectations.
Separate the individuals from their actions. Critical people often focus on the negative aspects of a situation or a person, failing to see good qualities alongside negative ones. If you find yourself making assumptions about a person’s character, stop yourself. Try to separate a disappointing action from the person doing the action. 44
45 Oftentimes, being critical results from how you’re choosing to see a situation. Everyone has drawbacks and imperfections. However, the vast majority of people have good qualities that outweigh the bad ones. Try to focus on a person’s positive qualities over their negative ones.
A．Never criticize others.
B．Focus on positives.
C．Sometimes, it’s best to let small rudeness go.
D．It’s okay to express disappointment if someone hurts you.
E．We should focus on other people’s disappointing actions.
F．Critical people often have very high expectations of those around them.
G．We all behave poorly sometimes, but a single action is not a reflection of the character.
（2023秋·广东佛山·高三统考开学考试）How to Live a Fulfilling Life
How awesome would it be to get out of bed each morning feeling purposeful and happy about your day What about going to sleep each night with a grin(露齿的笑)of satisfaction on your lips 46 Here are some tips that may help you.
● 47
To lead a more fulfilling life, you first need to know what part of your current life is troubling or unsatisfactory. Reflect on different aspects of your life to figure out which are upsetting you the most. Try closing your eyes and questioning “What part of my life dissatisfies me the most ” Whatever comes to mind first is probably where you’ll want to start.
● Building good habits.
One of the best ways to build good habits that support a fulfilling life is by doing something each day that challenges you. Identify one thing you can take action on that pushes you beyond your comfort zone and do it. This might be sharing ideas with your boss when you typically stay quiet. 48 For example, if you’ve been trying to lose weight, but you spend too much time on the couch, reduce your time on TV or do an exercise while you watch.
● Having good health and well-being.
49 You’ll have trouble feeling fulfilled if your energy only goes out. Just as you pour love and support into others, you must return that love and support to yourself. Take time to improve your own self with passions or self-care. Fulfillment also translates to perfect mental and physical health, so make time to exercise regularly. Schedule it into your day. 50
A．Addressing your dissatisfaction.
B．Learning to avoid dissatisfaction.
C．It’s important to set aside “me” time.
D．End each day by reflecting on your daily challenge.
E．Replacing your bad habits with good ones is also suggested.
F．That way, it will be just like any other task on your to-do list.
G．This may seem difficult, but leading a more fulfilling life is entirely possible.
参考答案：
1．D 2．E 3．F 4．G 5．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了短暂的休息有助于提升记忆力的研究。
1．D选项“然而偶尔什么都不做也许正是你所需要的。”与上文“When trying to memorize new material, it’s easy to assume that the more work you put in, the better you will perform. (当试图记住新材料时，人们很容易认为你投入的工作越多，你就会表现得越好)”形成转折关系，提出有时不需要花过多时间去记忆东西，引出下文“Just turn down the lights, sit back, and enjoy10-15 minutes of quiet rest, and you’ll find that your memory is far better than if you had attempted to use that moment more productively. (只要关灯，坐下来，享受10-15分钟的安静休息，你就会发现你的记忆力比你试图更有效地利用那一刻要好得多)”讲这样做对提升记忆力的好处。故选D项。
2．由上文“Although it’s known that we should pace our studies, new research suggests that we should aim for “minimal distraction” during these breaks. (尽管众所周知，我们应该加快研究进度，但新的研究表明，我们应该在休息期间“尽量减少分心”)”和下文“You really need to give your brain the chance for a complete recharge with no distraction. (你真的需要给你的大脑一个完全充电的机会，不要分心)”可知，本段作者建议不要分心，空白处应谈论具体的减少干扰的方法，E选项“所以不要查看你的电子邮件，也不要在智能手机上上网。”切合语境。故选E项。
3．由下文“The participants given the break remembered nearly 50 percent, compared to an average of 28 percent for the other group. (休息的参与者记忆力接近50%，而另一组的平均记忆力为28%)”可知，下文讲述了实验的最终结果（即休息的参与者记住了近50%，而另一组平均记住了28%），两组人的回忆结果明显不同，可知空白处应该是讲述实验的过程，F选项“一小时后进行测试时，两组人的回忆模式明显不同。”切合语境。故选F项。
4．与上文“In healthy participants, they have found that short periods of rest can also improve our memory of places. (在健康的参与者中，他们发现短时间的休息也可以改善我们对地方的记忆)”讲短暂的休息对健康参与者提升记忆的好处相对比，该空应讲述短暂的休息对于其他群体的好处，凸显研究涵盖面广、具有可靠性，G选项“他们还发现，阿尔茨海默病早期患者也有类似的益处。”切合语境。故选G项。
5．由上文“It is now accepted that once memories are initially encoded, they pass through a period of consolidation (巩固) that bond them in long-term storage. (现在人们普遍认为，一旦记忆最初被编码，它们就会经过一段巩固期，将它们结合在长期存储中)”和文章主要介绍短暂的休息有助于提升记忆力的研究可知，选项“this”指代上文的内容“一旦记忆最初被编码，它们就会经过一段巩固期，将它们结合在长期存储中”，这种情况会被认为发生在睡眠（休息）中，选项“once”呼应上文“now”，B选项“这种情况曾经被认为主要发生在睡眠中。”切合语境。故选B项。
6．C 7．A 8．D 9．F 10．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。同年龄段的学生或年轻专业人士一起租房的情况很常见。然而，最近出现了一种不同的趋势，越来越多的年轻人选与60多岁和70多岁的人住在一起。
6．根据上文“It is commonplace to come across instances of students or young professionals of the same age groups renting together.”（同年龄段的学生或年轻专业人士一起租房的情况很常见。）和下文“More young adults are now choosing intergenerational housing arrangements, living with people in their 60s and 70s.”（越来越多的年轻人选择代际住房安排，与60多岁和70多岁的人住在一起。）可知，选项与上文为转折关系且承接下文，说明出现了一种新的趋势——不同年龄段的人一起租房。故C选项“然而，最近出现了一种不同的趋势”切题。故选C项。
7．空处位于段末，应承接上文，根据上文“Intergenerational housing whereby Gen Zers and Millennials rent a room from an elderly homeowner is not limited to a particular region.”（代际住房是指z代人和千禧一代从老年房主那里租房间的住房，并不局限于特定地区）推知，选项承接上文说明这种做法受到的欢迎。故A选项“它现在在美国的许多地方都很普遍”切题。故选A项。
8．根据上文“In recent years, the high cost of living makes it nearly impossible for young adults to find affordable accommodations in major urban areas.”（近年来，高昂的生活成本使得年轻人几乎不可能在主要城市地区找到负担得起的住宿）可知，选项承接上文说明所导致的结果。故D选项“它推动了对代际住房安排的需求”切题。故选D项。
9．根据下文“Many feel staying with seniors helps them learn life lessons, such as financial and home ownership responsibilities.”（许多人觉得和老年人在一起可以帮助他们学习人生课程，比如财务和房屋所有权责任）可知，和老年人住在一起有很多的益处。故F选项“学生们发现和老年人住在一起比和几个室友合租要好”切题。故选F项。
10．根据上文“They have someone able and energetic for company and the additional income helps them offset (抵消) the cost of home ownership.”（他们有一个能干、精力充沛的人作伴，额外的收入帮助他们抵消了房屋的成本）可知，选项在说明合租对老人的好处。故G选项“另一个人住在空荡荡的家里也减轻了许多老人所经历的孤独感。”切题。故选G项。
11．E 12．B 13．D 14．G 15．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些交友的建议。
11．根据上文“Do you think that you are not outgoing enough Are you too shy to make friends (你觉得自己不够外向吗？你是不是太害羞而不敢交朋友？)”以及后文“They will help you.(他们会帮助你的)”结合文章主要介绍了一些交友的建议，E选项中rules对应后文They。故E选项“阅读以下规则”符合语境，故选E。
12．根据上文“Dress in clean clothes.(穿干净的衣服)”以及后文“Then your friends will like you very much.(然后你的朋友会非常喜欢你)”可知，上文提到了穿干净的衣服，推测本句是在说明这些衣服的特点：让你感觉良好和舒适。故B选项“它们必须让你感觉良好和舒适”符合语境，故选B。
13．根据后文“Try to smile more often at people. It will make them think that you are friendly. Then people want to talk to you more even if they don’t know you.(试着多对别人微笑。这会让他们觉得你很友好。这样人们即使不认识你，也会更想和你说话)”可知，本段的建议是多微笑，D选项Smile more often对应后文smile more often。故D选项“经常微笑”符合语境，故选D。
14．根据上文“Just talk. Some people worry about talking because they think, “What am I going to talk about with that person ”(有话直说。有些人担心说话，因为他们想，“我要和那个人谈什么呢？”)”以及后文“They just go up to people and say what they think.(他们只是走到人们面前，说出他们的想法)”可知，后文提到了一类人交谈的特点，G选项中Outgoing people对应后文They。故G选项“外向的人连想都不会想”符合语境，故选G。
15．根据上文“Read the news!(看新闻！)”以及后文“Surf the Internet for news and information, and talk about them when you are with your friends.(上网浏览新闻和信息，当你和朋友在一起的时候谈论它们)”可知，本段的建议是看新闻，即要采取一些行动，不要什么也不做。故C选项“不要光呆在家里什么都不做”符合语境，故选C。
16．A 17．D 18．G 19．F 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些可以帮助青少年保证睡眠充足的实用方法。
16．根据下文“Parents should avoid falling asleep on the sofa in the evenings or using tech devices when it’s mit to your own bedtime routine so that your teenager can be your follower.(父母应该避免晚上在沙发上睡着，或者在很晚的时候使用科技设备。保证你自己的就寝时间，这样你的孩子就会成为你的追随者)”可知，本段主要讲述了父母应该做孩子的好榜样。由此可知，A. Lead by example.(以身作则)适合作本段主旨句，符合语境。故选A。
17．根据上文“Work out exactly how much sleep they need. Teenagers should aim for between eight and ten hours’ sleep a night, according to the World Health Organisation.(算出他们到底需要多少睡眠。根据世界卫生组织的建议，青少年每晚应该保证8到10个小时的睡眠)”可知，本段主要讲述青少年需要的睡眠时间。由此可知，D. But the exact amount of sleep your teenager needs is unique.(但是你的青少年需要的确切睡眠时间是独一无二的)能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选D。
18．根据上文“Establish a wind-down (放松) routine. Once they know how much sleep they’re aiming for, help them to achieve this by negotiating a 30 to 60-minute wind-down routine before they go to bed, at the same time every night.(建立一个逐渐放松的例行程序。一旦他们知道了自己想要的睡眠时间，就可以在每晚睡觉前的同一时间安排30到60分钟的放松时间来帮助他们实现这个目标)”可知，本段主要讲述睡前安排一些放松时间。由此可知，G. A bath will bring the body temperature down a degree which is ideal for sleep.(洗澡可以使体温降低一度，这是睡眠的理想条件)属于一种放松方式，符合语境。故选G。
19．根据上文“Let them have a weekend lie-in. Enable your children to get up as late as they can, sparing them the morning chores.(让他们周末睡个懒觉。让你的孩子尽可能晚起，让他们少做早上的家务)”可知，本段主要讲述学习休假的日子里，让孩子多休息。由此可知，F. On study-leave days an extra hour in bed will help them concentrate better.(在学习休假的日子里，多睡一小时有助于他们更好地集中注意力)能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选F。
20．此处位于文章尾段，B. Let your teenagers have more sleep.(让你的孩子有更多的睡眠)能够照应首段中的“Here are some practical ways you can help them.(这里有一些实用的方法可以帮助他们)”，同时引起下文“They will reward you more.(他们会回报你更多)”，符合语境。故选B。
21．E 22．A 23．F 24．G 25．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是来自世界各地的令人惊讶的习俗。
21．空前“One thing that sets humans apart from other members of the animal kingdom is our tendency to develop, customs and traditions.(人类与动物王国其他成员的区别在于我们的发展趋势、习俗和传统。)”说明我们人类有习俗，空后介绍了一些习俗，因此空格处是承上启下的一句，应该说“以下是一些习俗”，E选项“Here are some astonishing customs from around the world(这里有一些来自世界各地的令人惊讶的习俗)”引出了下文的一些习俗，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
22．空前“An odd custom associated with the United States is its complicated tipping culture. Unlike many other countries who don’t tip at all or who only tip in small amounts when the food was particularly good, everyone has to tip at most restaurants in the US.(美国有一个奇怪的习俗，那就是其复杂的小费文化。不像许多其他国家根本不给小费，或者在食物特别好吃的时候只给很少的小费，在美国的大多数餐馆，每个人都要给小费。)”介绍的是美国的给小费的习俗，空后“customers have a duty to leave between 10-20 percent of the bill in tips(顾客有义务给账单10%到20%的小费)”是简要地介绍给小费的习俗，因此空格处应该说“换句话说”，A选项“To put it another way(换句话说)”引出了下文对给小费习俗的简要介绍，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选A。
23．空后“While members of most cultures would probably agree that pointing fingers isn’t exactly the nicest thing in the world, in Malaysia and Indonesia, this gesture can be seen as incredibly offensive.(虽然大多数文化的人可能都同意，用手指别人并不是世界上最好的事情，但在马来西亚和印度尼西亚，这个手势可能被认为是非常无礼的。)”说很多国家觉得用手指别人是不好的，空格处是总起下文的，因此也应该说到这个习俗，F选项“Some countries find the act of pointing with the index finger to be rude(有些国家认为用食指指别人是不礼貌的)”引出了用食指指人这一不礼貌的行为，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选F。
24．空前“While members of most cultures would probably agree that pointing fingers isn’t exactly the nicest thing in the world, in Malaysia and Indonesia, this gesture can be seen as incredibly offensive.(虽然大多数文化的人可能都同意，用手指别人并不是世界上最好的事情，但在马来西亚和印度尼西亚，这个手势可能被认为是非常无礼的。)”说明大多数国家认为用手指人是不礼貌的，既然本篇文章介绍的是令人惊讶的习俗，空格处就应该说到怎么用手指人是礼貌的，G选项“Instead, to gesture towards things with the thumb is seen as a more polite option(相反，用拇指做手势被认为是一种更礼貌的选择)”说明了用拇指是礼貌的，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
25．空前“In Japan, however, making slurping (啧啧响的) sounds while eating has an entirely different meaning.(然而，在日本，吃东西时发出吃东西的声音有着完全不同的含义。)”说明了在日本吃东西发出声音有不同的含义，空格处应该说是什么含义，C选项“It indicates that you’re really enjoying them(这表明你真的很享受它们)”说明了吃东西发出声音的不同含义，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
26．B 27．G 28．A 29．F 30．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了蓝光的存在以及人们对蓝光的认识。虽然光线确实会在某些情况下伤害我们的眼睛，但是没有科学证据表明蓝光对我们的眼睛有害。
26．根据下文“It might be, mainly because as we stare at our devices we are exposing our- selves to blue light.(这可能是，主要是因为当我们盯着我们的设备时，我们正在将自我暴露在蓝光下。)”可知是对前文的回答，且与我们盯着设备看时被暴露在蓝光下有关，与B项“Is all this staring bad for us (这一切对我们不利吗？)”上下文一致，下文的stare at与B项中staring前后呼应，故选B项。
27．根据上文“While it’s true that light can damage your eyes under certain circumstances, there’s no scientific evidence suggesting that blue light is harmful to our eyes.( 虽然在某些情况下光线确实会损害你的眼睛，但没有科学证据表明蓝光对我们的眼睛有害。)”可知，没有确凿证据表明蓝光对我们的眼睛有害，G项（但许多人仍然认为它是，这就是为什么防蓝光眼镜如此受欢迎的原因）遇上问形成转折，并引出下文对防蓝光眼镜的介绍，故选G。
28．根据上文“But if blue light isn’t harmful, then why are we constantly rubbing our eyes when we’re looking at our screens (但是，如果蓝光无害，那么为什么我们在看屏幕时会不断揉眼睛呢？)”及下文“More than 60 percent of people experience problems associated with digital eyestrain.(超过60%的人遇到与数字眼睛疲劳相关的问题。)”可知，我们在看屏幕是不断揉眼睛的原因与眼疲劳有关，与A项“The answer is eyestrain.(答案是眼睛疲劳。)”上下文一致，A项中eyestrain与下文eyestrain前后呼应，故选A项。
29．根据上文“Instead, our eyes are so strained because most of us blink less when we stare at our digital devices.(相反，我们的眼睛非常紧张，因为我们大多数人在盯着数字设备时眨眼较少。)”并结合下文“However, wearing them could potentially help you get a good night’s sleep.(然而，佩戴它们可能会帮助你睡个好觉。)”可知，空处与下文有转折，且围绕佩戴某种与蓝光问题有联系的东西有关，与F项“So if eyestrain is the real issue, blue light-blocking gasses are probably useless.(因此，如果眼睛疲劳是真正的问题，那么蓝光阻隔气体可能毫无用处。)”上下文一致，且F项中的blue light-blocking gasses与下文中them前后呼应，符合逻辑，故选F项。
30．根据下文“You can find them everywhere. You also can address your blue light exposure by changing your smart phone or tablet’s display settings to night shit or something similar, or you can down- load an app that filters out blue light, too.”（你到处都能找到它们。你也可以通过将智能手机或平板电脑的显示设置改为夜间或类似的设置来解决蓝光暴露问题，或者你也可以下载一个过滤蓝光的应用程序）可知，这是在介绍解决蓝光暴露问题的方法，因此空处是在问读者是否需要防蓝光眼镜，E项（想为自己买一副蓝光眼镜吗 ）符合语境，故选E。
31．G 32．A 33．B 34．F 35．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了克服自我批评的一些建议。
31．上文“Self-criticism is the act of thinking negatively about yourself. Individuals with self-critical tendencies face self-created problems due to their tough standards and internalized social values for self-evaluation.(自我批评是一种消极看待自己的行为。具有自我批评倾向的个体由于其严格的自我评价标准和内化的社会价值观而面临着自我制造的问题。)”说明具有自我批评倾向的人要面对一些问题。选项G“因此，他们不确定自己的想法、感受和情绪。”承接上文，和上文存在因果关系。选项中they指代上文“Individuals with self-critical tendencies”。故选G项。
32．下文“If people use personal criticism in a way that’s useful to complete tasks and achieve goals, it can be beneficial. They can use it as a way to examine their decisions and behaviors and evaluate whether they need to make any changes.(如果人们以一种对完成任务和实现目标有用的方式来使用个人批评，它可能是有益的。他们可以用它来检查他们的决定和行为，并评估他们是否需要做出任何改变。)”说明如果以某种有用的方式来使用自我批评，它是有好处的。选项A“自我批评并不总是坏的。”概括说明了本段内容。故选A项。
33．下文“People with avoidant (回避反应的) attachment styles avoid closeness. This may prevent them from developing relationships for how to show compassion (同情) for themselves and others. Self-criticism is also likely to arise from shame, insecure attachments, and having low self-esteem.(逃避依恋类型的人避免亲密。这可能会阻碍他们发展对自己和他人表示同情的人际关系。自我批评也可能源于羞耻、不安全的依恋和自卑。)”说明自我批评源于与他人避免亲密，也源于羞耻、不安全的依恋和自卑，回答了自我批评从哪里来的问题。选项B“自我批评从何而来？”引出下文，是对下文的提问，为本段小标题。选项中come from与下文“arise from”同义。故选B项。
34．上文“When individuals engage in negative self-assessment, they create an inner dialogue that uses demeaning (贬低的) and demotivating language.(当个人进行消极的自我评估时，他们会使用贬低和失去动力的语言进行内心对话。)”说明，选项F“自我批评的例子包括短语和消极的自我对话。”承接上文，是对上文的进一步解释，同时引出下文“They may say, ‘I am easily disappointed with myself. ’ ‘I can’t accept failures and setbacks without feeling inadequate, ’ and‘I stop caring about myself. ’(他们可能会说：‘我很容易对自己感到失望。’‘我不能接受失败和挫折而不感到不足’，‘我不再关心自己了。’)”。故选F项。
35．上文“To overcome self-criticism, it’s helpful to be honest with yourself about the role you play. You can start to identify how your self-criticism impacts your mood and daily routine.(为了克服自我批评，诚实面对自己所扮演的角色是很有帮助的。你可以开始认识到你的自我批评是如何影响你的情绪和日常生活的。)”说明想要克服自我批评，要诚实面对自己，认识它如何影响情绪和生活，也可以采用其他方法。选项E“必要时寻求专业帮助也很重要。”承接上文，想要克服自我批评，还可以求助专业帮助。故选E项。
36．C 37．E 38．D 39．A 40．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明了，介绍了安全地骑电动自行车的一些注意事项。
36．根据下文各段首句和文章标题可知，全文在讲安全骑电动自行车的一些小技巧，C选项的“It is vital to pay careful attention to some tips”（注意一些小技巧是至关重要的），与下文语义逻辑一致，故选C。
37．根据本段首句“Keep dos and don’ts in mind.”（记住哪些要做哪些不要做。）可知下文都是关于要做和不要做的具体事情的描述，E选项的“Don’t talk on the phone, text, or listen to music”（不要打电话、发短信或听音乐）这是不要做的事情，与本段语义逻辑一致，故选E。
38．根据本段首句“Be sure your bike is ready to ride.”（确保你的自行车已作好骑行准备。）和后句“if the bicycle hasn’t been used for a while. For an e-bike, also make sure your battery is charged.”（如果这辆自行车有一段时间没用的话。对于电动自行车，还要确保你的电池已充电。）可知，此处说明骑行前应该做的一些准备工作，D选项的“Take it for adjustment before you go for a ride”（骑行前带上它进行调整），与前后语义逻辑一致，故选D。
39．根据后两句“With the ability to go faster comes the responsibility to know when you should slow down.”（具备更快的能力，也有责任知道什么时候应该放慢速度。）可知，此处说明骑行时应注速度，A选项的“Be aware of your speed”（注意你的速度），概括本段句意，与后句语义逻辑一致，故选A。
40．根据前句“Ride in the right lanes.”（在正确的车道上行驶。）和后句“when you’re riding in the street. Moreover, check the sign to see where e-bikes are allowed. ”（当你在街上骑行时。此外，检查标志，看看哪里允许电动自行车。）可知，此处说明骑行时要注意交通规则，G选项的“Read the signals and pay attention to the lane markings”（阅读信号并注意车道标线），与前后句语义逻辑一致，故选G。
41．D 42．C 43．F 44．G 45．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了批评对健康的人际关系有害，介绍了一些在批评开始之前停止批评的方法。
41．根据上文“Criticism(批评)is harmful to healthy relationships.(批评对健康的人际关系有害)”以及后文“Being overly critical, however, can cause tension in a relationship over time. The following are some ways to catch criticism before it begins.(然而，随着时间的推移，过于挑剔会导致关系紧张。以下是一些在批评开始之前停止批评的方法)”可知，本句与后文构成转折关系，指出有人伤害可以表达失望，但是时间久了会导致关系紧张。故D选项“如果有人伤害了你，你可以表达失望”符合语境，故选D。
42．根据上文“If someone did something to get on your nerves, would you really need to point it out (如果有人做了让你心烦的事，你真的需要指出来吗？)”以及后文“Take a few deep breaths and leave the room instead of criticizing.(深呼吸几下，离开房间，而不是批评)”可知，本句是在建议不要太过于计较。故C选项“有时候，最好不要计较小的无礼”符合语境，故选C。
43．根据后文“Your tendency to criticize may come from expecting too much from others. Sometimes you may find yourself consistently annoyed or disappointed with others. It may be a good idea to adjust your expectations.(你的批评倾向可能来自于对别人期望过高。有时你会发现自己总是对别人感到恼火或失望。调整你的期望值可能是个好主意)”可知，后文提到批评倾向来自于对别人期望过高，F选项中high expectations对应后文expecting too much，故F选项“爱挑剔的人通常对周围的人有很高的期望”符合语境，故选F。
44．根据上文“Separate the individuals from their actions. Critical people often focus on the negative aspects of a situation or a person, failing to see good qualities alongside negative ones. If you find yourself making assumptions about a person’s character, stop yourself. Try to separate a disappointing action from the person doing the action.(把个人和他们的行为分开。爱挑剔的人往往只关注一件事或一个人的消极方面，在消极的一面中看不到好的一面。如果你发现自己在猜测一个人的性格，那就停下来。试着把令人失望的行为和做出这种行为的人分开)”可知，上文提到了“试着把令人失望的行为和做出这种行为的人分开”，说明行为和人本身不相关，本句为本段最后一句，指出行为不能反映性格，故G选项“我们都有表现不好的时候，但一个行为并不能反映一个人的性格”符合语境，故选G。
45．根据后文“Oftentimes, being critical results from how you’re choosing to see a situation. Everyone has drawbacks and imperfections. However, the vast majority of people have good qualities that outweigh the bad ones. Try to focus on a person’s positive qualities over their negative ones.(通常情况下，批评来自于你选择如何看待一个情况。每个人都有缺点和不完美。然而，绝大多数人的优点大于缺点。试着关注一个人的积极品质而不是消极品质)”可知，本段的主旨是关注积极的品质，B选项中positives对应后文positive qualities。故B选项“关注积极的方面”符合语境，故选B。
46．G 47．A 48．E 49．C 50．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了如何过上充实的生活的几点建议。包括解决不满，建立良好的习惯，关注健康和福祉以及反思每天的挑战。
46．根据文章的标题“How to Live a Fulfilling Life(如何过充实的生活)”以及“What about going to sleep each night with a grin(露齿的笑)of satisfaction on your lips (每天晚上带着满意的笑容入睡怎么样 )”可知，文章介绍的是如何过上充实生活提出相关建议，并提出每天晚上带着满意的笑容入睡；同时根据后文“Here are some tips that may help you.(这里有一些建议可能会对你有所帮助)”可知，设空处应该指出针对于前文提出的目标即过上充实的生活是很难的，由此提出几点建议。G选项“This may seem difficult, but leading a more fulfilling life is entirely possible.(这可能看起来很难，但过上更充实的生活是完全可能的)”符合语境，承上启下。故选G。
47．本题为本段的中心句。根据后文“To lead a more fulfilling life, you first need to know what part of your current life is troubling or unsatisfactory.( 为了过上更充实的生活，你首先需要知道你目前生活的哪些部分令人不安或不满意)”可知，本段强调的是指出自己生活中令人不安或者不满意的地方，然后进行解决。A选项“Addressing your dissatisfaction.(解决你的不满)”概括本段内容，符合语境。故选A。
48．根据后文“For example, if you’ve been trying to lose weight, but you spend too much time on the couch, reduce your time on TV or do an exercise while you watch.(例如，如果你一直在努力减肥，但你在沙发上花了太多时间，那就减少看电视的时间，或者一边看电视一边做运动)”可知，此处举例说明通过使用好习惯取代坏习惯。E选项“Replacing your bad habits with good ones is also suggested.(还建议用好习惯取代坏习惯)”引起下文，形成呼应。故选E。
49．根据后文“You’ll have trouble feeling fulfilled if your energy only goes out. Just as you pour love and support into others, you must return that love and support to yourself. Take time to improve your own self with passions or self-care. (如果你的精力耗尽，你就很难感到满足。就像你把爱和支持倾注给别人一样，你也必须把爱和支持回报给自己。花点时间用激情和自我照顾来提升自己)”可知，你自己也会耗尽精力，让自己感到无法满足。因此，此处建议要给自己留些时间，花点时间用激情和自我照顾来提升自己。C选项“It’s important to set aside “me” time.(留出属于自己的时间是很重要的)”引起下文，提出给自己留些时间的重要性，符合语境。故选C。
50．根据前文的“Fulfillment also translates to perfect mental and physical health, so make time to exercise regularly. Schedule it into your day.(成就感也意味着完美的精神和身体健康，所以要花时间定期锻炼。把它安排到你的一天中)”可知，此处强调要花时间锻炼，把它定期的安排到自己的一天日程中。F选项“That way, it will be just like any other task on your to-do list. (这样，它就会像你待办事项清单上的其他任务一样)”与前文呼应，指出把锻炼定期的安排到自己的一天日程中，就好像是代办清单上的其他任务一样，由此形成良好的习惯。故选F。
第二期
专题03 七选五10篇
（2023秋·湖北·高三统考阶段练习）Boost your Memory
When trying to memorize new material, it’s easy to assume that the more work you put in, the better you will perform. 1 Just turn down the lights, sit back, and enjoy10-15 minutes of quiet rest, and you’ll find that your memory is far better than if you had attempted to use that moment more productively.
Although it’s known that we should pace our studies, new research suggests that we should aim for “minimal distraction” during these breaks. 2 You really need to give your brain the chance for a complete recharge with no distraction.
The memory-boosting benefits of undisturbed rest were documented in 1900. In one experiment, the researcher first asked the participants to learn a list of syllables. Following a short period, half the group was immediately given a second list to learn, while the rest were given a six-minute break before continuing. 3 The participants given the break remembered nearly 50 percent, compared to an average of 28 percent for the other group.
In the early 2000s, two other researchers led several follow-up studies. In healthy participants, they have found that short periods of rest can also improve our memory of places. More crucially, this advantage stays a week after the original learning task and it seems to benefit young and old people alike. 4
The exact mechanism is still unknown. It is now accepted that once memories are initially encoded, they pass through a period of consolidation (巩固) that bond them in long-term storage. 5 But now in the age of information, it seems that our brains do need a short break at times to function better.
A．Our memory is easily distracted by new information.
B．This was once thought to happen primarily during sleep.
C．We tend to avoid activities contradictory to memory tasks.
D．Yet doing nothing occasionally maybe exactly what you need.
E．So don’t check your emails, or surf the web on your smartphone.
F．When tested one hour later, both groups showed strikingly different patterns of recall.
G．They have also found similar benefits for people in the earlier stages of Alzheimer’s disease.
（2023秋·山东泰安·高三统考阶段练习）It is commonplace to come across instances of students or young professionals of the same age groups renting together. 6 More young adults are now choosing intergenerational housing arrangements, living with people in their 60s and 70s.
Intergenerational housing whereby Gen Zers and Millennials rent a room from an elderly homeowner is not limited to a particular region. 7
In recent years, the high cost of living makes it nearly impossible for young adults to find affordable accommodations in major urban areas. 8 In fact, many universities develop such intergenerational housing programs. For example, Des Moines-based Drake University offers its music students a chance to live rent-free at one regional senior living center, provided they perform certain chores for the elderly residents.
9 Many feel staying with seniors helps them learn life lessons, such as financial and home ownership responsibilities. They find the arrangement great for studying and decompressing (解压) after work as the homes are usually quiet and orderly. They also find such arrangements much better than staying with a loud, dirty roommate!
The elderly find renting their homes to young people a win-win proposition. They have someone able and energetic for company and the additional income helps them offset (抵消) the cost of home ownership. 10
A．It is now widespread in many parts of the U.S.
B．Living with the elderly is challenging for the young.
C．However, recently, a different trend has been observed.
D．It drives the demand for intergenerational housing arrangements.
E．Nowadays, many young people prefer to live independently after finishing school.
F．The students find living with seniors better than sharing rooms with several roommates.
G．Another person in an empty home also relieves the loneliness many old people experience.
（2022秋·安徽合肥·高三校考阶段练习）Do you think that you are not outgoing enough Are you too shy to make friends 11 They will help you.
Always be clean. Take a shower, brush your teeth, and try to look nice. Dress in clean clothes. 12 Then your friends will like you very much.
13 Try to smile more often at people. It will make them think that you are friendly. Then people want to talk to you more even if they don’t know you.
Just talk. Some people worry about talking because they think, “What am I going to talk about with that person ” 14 They just go up to people and say what they think.
Listen to people. You can’t just talk all the time. You have to listen to others and give your ideas. Let them know you care about them.
Read the news! 15 Surf the Internet for news and information, and talk about them when you are with your friends.
A．Your friends will like you very much.
B．They must make you feel good and comfortable.
C．Don’t just stay at home and do nothing.
D．Smile more often.
E．Read the following rules.
F．Talk to others politely.
G．Outgoing people don’t even think about it.
（2023秋·广东广州·高三统考开学考试）Are your teenagers getting enough sleep It’s the key to exam success. If they sleep well, they will be more likely to perform better. Here are some practical ways you can help them.
16 Parents should avoid falling asleep on the sofa in the evenings or using tech devices when it’s mit to your own bedtime routine so that your teenager can be your follower.
Work out exactly how much sleep they need. Teenagers should aim for between eight and ten hours’ sleep a night, according to the World Health Organisation. 17 Maybe it’s eight, or maybe it’s nine. But those who get less than seven hours most nights are not getting enough.
Establish a wind-down (放松) routine. Once they know how much sleep they’re aiming for, help them to achieve this by negotiating a 30 to 60-minute wind-down routine before they go to bed, at the same time every night. 18
Let them have a weekend lie-in. Enable your children to get up as late as they can, sparing them the morning chores. 19 Troubling teenagers out of bed at weekends works against their sleep pattern.
20 They will reward you more.
A．Lead by example.
B．Let your teenagers have more sleep.
C．Half an hour of exercise can excite their body.
D．But the exact amount of sleep your teenager needs is unique.
E．Getting up late occasionally will improve their work efficiency.
F．On study-leave days an extra hour in bed will help them concentrate better.
G．A bath will bring the body temperature down a degree which is ideal for sleep.
（2022·四川南充·四川省南充高级中学校考一模）Surprising customs from around the world
One thing that sets humans apart from other members of the animal kingdom is our tendency to develop, customs and traditions. 21 .
An odd custom associated with the United States is its complicated tipping culture. Unlike many other countries who don’t tip at all or who only tip in small amounts when the food was particularly good, everyone has to tip at most restaurants in the US. 22 , customers have a duty to leave between 10-20 percent of the bill in tips. Wait staff rely on these tips for a living because legal wages for waiters are low. While some criticize this practice as irrational, there’s no doubt that tipping culture in the US gives a motive for waiters and waitresses to provide better service.
23 . While members of most cultures would probably agree that pointing fingers isn’t exactly the nicest thing in the world, in Malaysia and Indonesia, this gesture can be seen as incredibly offensive. 24 . In many countries in Africa, pointing is reserved for inanimate objects only, not people.
Most societies around the world have rules about table manners. For western cultures, noisily consuming food is considered rude. In Japan, however, making slurping (啧啧响的) sounds while eating has an entirely different meaning. 25 . Some scientists even argue slurping invites air into the mouth and actually enhances the noodles’ flavor.
A．To put it another way
B．If you dine in Shanghai
C．It indicates that you’re really enjoying them
D．In western countries, noodles are twisted on a spoon
E．Here are some astonishing customs from around the world
F．Some countries find the act of pointing with the index finger to be rude
G．Instead, to gesture towards things with the thumb is seen as a more polite option
（2022秋·四川内江·高三四川省资中县第二中学校考阶段练习）We love to stare into our smart devices. We gaze for hours at ourcomputers, smartphones, tablets and televisions. 26 It might be, mainly because as we stare at our devices we are exposing our- selves to blue light.
Blue light is a type of electromagnetic radiation (电磁辐射) with a very short wavelength that produces a high amount of energy. While it’s true that light can damage your eyes under certain circumstances, there’s no scientific evidence suggesting that blue light is harmful to our eyes. 27 Blue light exposure is nothing new. In fact, the sun is the largest source of blue light. Moreover,blue light is also present in fluorescent and LED light. But if blue light isn’t harmful, then why are we constantly rubbing our eyes when we’re looking at our screens 28 More than 60 percent of people experience problems associated with digital eyestrain. And blue light, it seems,isn’t the cause. Instead, our eyes are so strained because most of us blink less when we stare at our digital devices.
29 However, wearing them could potentially help you get a good night’s sleep. That’s because blue light, research has shown, affects your body’s circadian rhythm(生理节律),your natural wake and seep cycle. According to Harvard researchers,any kind of light-including blue light-can reduce your body’s ability to secrete melatonin (分泌褪黑激素), a hormone that helps you sleep.
30 You can find them everywhere. You also can address your blue light exposure by changing your smart phone or tablet’s display settings to night shit or something similar, or you can down- load an app that filters out blue light, too.
A．The answer is eyestrain.
B．Is all this staring bad for us
C．Do blue light-blocking glasses work
D．People have come to realize this in recent years.
E．Interested in buying a pair of blue-light gasses for yourself
F．So if eyestrain is the real issue, blue light-blocking gasses are probably useless.
G．But many people sill think it is, which is why blue light-blocking glasses are so popular.
（2023秋·江苏镇江·高三统考开学考试）Being highly critical or talking down to yourself are examples of self-criticism that highlight your own weaknesses. You may feel you don’t meet your own personal standards or expectations. Fortunately, you can improve this pattern of self-criticism by changing your thought patterns and practicing positive affirmations (情感上的支持或鼓励).
●What is self-criticism
Self-criticism is the act of thinking negatively about yourself. Individuals with self-critical tendencies face self-created problems due to their tough standards and internalized social values for self-evaluation. 31 For some individuals, self-criticism can have a negative effect on day-to-day mood and may be a factor for depression and other forms of mental illness.
● Can self-criticism be good
32 If people use personal criticism in a way that’s useful to complete tasks and achieve goals, it can be beneficial. They can use it as a way to examine their decisions and behaviors and evaluate whether they need to make any changes.
● 33
People with avoidant (回避反应的) attachment styles avoid closeness. This may prevent them from developing relationships for how to show compassion (同情) for themselves and others. Self-criticism is also likely to arise from shame, insecure attachments, and having low self-esteem.
● Examples of self-Criticism
When individuals engage in negative self-assessment, they create an inner dialogue that uses demeaning (贬低的) and demotivating language. 34 They may say, “I am easily disappointed with myself.” “I can’t accept failures and setbacks without feeling inadequate,” and “I stop caring about myself.”
● How can self-criticism be overcome
To overcome self-criticism, it’s helpful to be honest with yourself about the role you play. You can start to identify how your self-criticism impacts your mood and daily routine. 35
A．Self-criticism isn’t always bad.
B．Where does self-criticism come from
C．If so, please step outside your comfort zone.
D．Self-criticism is associated with little progress.
E．It’s also important to seek professional help as needed.
F．Examples of self-criticism include phrases and negative self-talk.
G．As a result, they’re unsure of their thoughts, feelings, and emotions.
（2023·四川绵阳·绵阳南山中学实验学校校考模拟预测）E-Bike Safety Tips
Before you go on your next two-wheeled adventure, make sure you’re familiar with the ins and outs of bicycle safety. E-bike is a great way to get around, save money and protect the environment. But fun as e-bikes are to ride, they still require practices to ensure your fun rides can be safe. 36 .
▲ Keep dos and don’ts in mind. Wear a helmet. A full face helmet with a face shield (护罩) can give you all around protection. Ride with the flow of traffic rather than against it. 37 . Don’t forget to use the lights to make you more visible at night, which may decrease chances of road accidents.
▲ Be sure your bike is ready to ride. That starts with checking that the tires are inflated. Make sure the brakes are working properly. 38 , if the bicycle hasn’t been used for a while. For an e-bike, also make sure your battery is charged. And before and after every ride, inspect your bicycle for damage.
▲ 39 . This is important for e-bike riders. With the ability to go faster comes the responsibility to know when you should slow down.
▲ Ride in the right lanes. 40 , when you’re riding in the street. Moreover, check the sign to see where e-bikes are allowed. Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine.
You can check the People for Bikes website (peopleforbikes.org) for more information.
A．Be aware of your speed
B．Be cautious of proper helmets
C．It is vital to pay careful attention to some tips
D．Take it for adjustment before you go for a ride
E．Don’t talk on the phone, text, or listen to music
F．There are many other great options out there too
G．Read the signals and pay attention to the lane markings
（2022·云南保山·统考一模）Criticism(批评)is harmful to healthy relationships. 41 Being overly critical, however, can cause tension in a relationship over time. The following are some ways to catch criticism before it begins.
Think before you speak. Before you criticize, pause and consider whether you really need to say anything at all. If someone did something to get on your nerves, would you really need to point it out 42 Take a few deep breaths and leave the room instead of criticizing.
Be realistic. 43 Your tendency to criticize may come from expecting too much from others. Sometimes you may find yourself consistently annoyed or disappointed with others. It may be a good idea to adjust your expectations.
Separate the individuals from their actions. Critical people often focus on the negative aspects of a situation or a person, failing to see good qualities alongside negative ones. If you find yourself making assumptions about a person’s character, stop yourself. Try to separate a disappointing action from the person doing the action. 44
45 Oftentimes, being critical results from how you’re choosing to see a situation. Everyone has drawbacks and imperfections. However, the vast majority of people have good qualities that outweigh the bad ones. Try to focus on a person’s positive qualities over their negative ones.
A．Never criticize others.
B．Focus on positives.
C．Sometimes, it’s best to let small rudeness go.
D．It’s okay to express disappointment if someone hurts you.
E．We should focus on other people’s disappointing actions.
F．Critical people often have very high expectations of those around them.
G．We all behave poorly sometimes, but a single action is not a reflection of the character.
（2023秋·广东佛山·高三统考开学考试）How to Live a Fulfilling Life
How awesome would it be to get out of bed each morning feeling purposeful and happy about your day What about going to sleep each night with a grin(露齿的笑)of satisfaction on your lips 46 Here are some tips that may help you.
● 47
To lead a more fulfilling life, you first need to know what part of your current life is troubling or unsatisfactory. Reflect on different aspects of your life to figure out which are upsetting you the most. Try closing your eyes and questioning “What part of my life dissatisfies me the most ” Whatever comes to mind first is probably where you’ll want to start.
● Building good habits.
One of the best ways to build good habits that support a fulfilling life is by doing something each day that challenges you. Identify one thing you can take action on that pushes you beyond your comfort zone and do it. This might be sharing ideas with your boss when you typically stay quiet. 48 For example, if you’ve been trying to lose weight, but you spend too much time on the couch, reduce your time on TV or do an exercise while you watch.
● Having good health and well-being.
49 You’ll have trouble feeling fulfilled if your energy only goes out. Just as you pour love and support into others, you must return that love and support to yourself. Take time to improve your own self with passions or self-care. Fulfillment also translates to perfect mental and physical health, so make time to exercise regularly. Schedule it into your day. 50
A．Addressing your dissatisfaction.
B．Learning to avoid dissatisfaction.
C．It’s important to set aside “me” time.
D．End each day by reflecting on your daily challenge.
E．Replacing your bad habits with good ones is also suggested.
F．That way, it will be just like any other task on your to-do list.
G．This may seem difficult, but leading a more fulfilling life is entirely possible.
参考答案：
1．D 2．E 3．F 4．G 5．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了短暂的休息有助于提升记忆力的研究。
1．D选项“然而偶尔什么都不做也许正是你所需要的。”与上文“When trying to memorize new material, it’s easy to assume that the more work you put in, the better you will perform. (当试图记住新材料时，人们很容易认为你投入的工作越多，你就会表现得越好)”形成转折关系，提出有时不需要花过多时间去记忆东西，引出下文“Just turn down the lights, sit back, and enjoy10-15 minutes of quiet rest, and you’ll find that your memory is far better than if you had attempted to use that moment more productively. (只要关灯，坐下来，享受10-15分钟的安静休息，你就会发现你的记忆力比你试图更有效地利用那一刻要好得多)”讲这样做对提升记忆力的好处。故选D项。
2．由上文“Although it’s known that we should pace our studies, new research suggests that we should aim for “minimal distraction” during these breaks. (尽管众所周知，我们应该加快研究进度，但新的研究表明，我们应该在休息期间“尽量减少分心”)”和下文“You really need to give your brain the chance for a complete recharge with no distraction. (你真的需要给你的大脑一个完全充电的机会，不要分心)”可知，本段作者建议不要分心，空白处应谈论具体的减少干扰的方法，E选项“所以不要查看你的电子邮件，也不要在智能手机上上网。”切合语境。故选E项。
3．由下文“The participants given the break remembered nearly 50 percent, compared to an average of 28 percent for the other group. (休息的参与者记忆力接近50%，而另一组的平均记忆力为28%)”可知，下文讲述了实验的最终结果（即休息的参与者记住了近50%，而另一组平均记住了28%），两组人的回忆结果明显不同，可知空白处应该是讲述实验的过程，F选项“一小时后进行测试时，两组人的回忆模式明显不同。”切合语境。故选F项。
4．与上文“In healthy participants, they have found that short periods of rest can also improve our memory of places. (在健康的参与者中，他们发现短时间的休息也可以改善我们对地方的记忆)”讲短暂的休息对健康参与者提升记忆的好处相对比，该空应讲述短暂的休息对于其他群体的好处，凸显研究涵盖面广、具有可靠性，G选项“他们还发现，阿尔茨海默病早期患者也有类似的益处。”切合语境。故选G项。
5．由上文“It is now accepted that once memories are initially encoded, they pass through a period of consolidation (巩固) that bond them in long-term storage. (现在人们普遍认为，一旦记忆最初被编码，它们就会经过一段巩固期，将它们结合在长期存储中)”和文章主要介绍短暂的休息有助于提升记忆力的研究可知，选项“this”指代上文的内容“一旦记忆最初被编码，它们就会经过一段巩固期，将它们结合在长期存储中”，这种情况会被认为发生在睡眠（休息）中，选项“once”呼应上文“now”，B选项“这种情况曾经被认为主要发生在睡眠中。”切合语境。故选B项。
6．C 7．A 8．D 9．F 10．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。同年龄段的学生或年轻专业人士一起租房的情况很常见。然而，最近出现了一种不同的趋势，越来越多的年轻人选与60多岁和70多岁的人住在一起。
6．根据上文“It is commonplace to come across instances of students or young professionals of the same age groups renting together.”（同年龄段的学生或年轻专业人士一起租房的情况很常见。）和下文“More young adults are now choosing intergenerational housing arrangements, living with people in their 60s and 70s.”（越来越多的年轻人选择代际住房安排，与60多岁和70多岁的人住在一起。）可知，选项与上文为转折关系且承接下文，说明出现了一种新的趋势——不同年龄段的人一起租房。故C选项“然而，最近出现了一种不同的趋势”切题。故选C项。
7．空处位于段末，应承接上文，根据上文“Intergenerational housing whereby Gen Zers and Millennials rent a room from an elderly homeowner is not limited to a particular region.”（代际住房是指z代人和千禧一代从老年房主那里租房间的住房，并不局限于特定地区）推知，选项承接上文说明这种做法受到的欢迎。故A选项“它现在在美国的许多地方都很普遍”切题。故选A项。
8．根据上文“In recent years, the high cost of living makes it nearly impossible for young adults to find affordable accommodations in major urban areas.”（近年来，高昂的生活成本使得年轻人几乎不可能在主要城市地区找到负担得起的住宿）可知，选项承接上文说明所导致的结果。故D选项“它推动了对代际住房安排的需求”切题。故选D项。
9．根据下文“Many feel staying with seniors helps them learn life lessons, such as financial and home ownership responsibilities.”（许多人觉得和老年人在一起可以帮助他们学习人生课程，比如财务和房屋所有权责任）可知，和老年人住在一起有很多的益处。故F选项“学生们发现和老年人住在一起比和几个室友合租要好”切题。故选F项。
10．根据上文“They have someone able and energetic for company and the additional income helps them offset (抵消) the cost of home ownership.”（他们有一个能干、精力充沛的人作伴，额外的收入帮助他们抵消了房屋的成本）可知，选项在说明合租对老人的好处。故G选项“另一个人住在空荡荡的家里也减轻了许多老人所经历的孤独感。”切题。故选G项。
11．E 12．B 13．D 14．G 15．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些交友的建议。
11．根据上文“Do you think that you are not outgoing enough Are you too shy to make friends (你觉得自己不够外向吗？你是不是太害羞而不敢交朋友？)”以及后文“They will help you.(他们会帮助你的)”结合文章主要介绍了一些交友的建议，E选项中rules对应后文They。故E选项“阅读以下规则”符合语境，故选E。
12．根据上文“Dress in clean clothes.(穿干净的衣服)”以及后文“Then your friends will like you very much.(然后你的朋友会非常喜欢你)”可知，上文提到了穿干净的衣服，推测本句是在说明这些衣服的特点：让你感觉良好和舒适。故B选项“它们必须让你感觉良好和舒适”符合语境，故选B。
13．根据后文“Try to smile more often at people. It will make them think that you are friendly. Then people want to talk to you more even if they don’t know you.(试着多对别人微笑。这会让他们觉得你很友好。这样人们即使不认识你，也会更想和你说话)”可知，本段的建议是多微笑，D选项Smile more often对应后文smile more often。故D选项“经常微笑”符合语境，故选D。
14．根据上文“Just talk. Some people worry about talking because they think, “What am I going to talk about with that person ”(有话直说。有些人担心说话，因为他们想，“我要和那个人谈什么呢？”)”以及后文“They just go up to people and say what they think.(他们只是走到人们面前，说出他们的想法)”可知，后文提到了一类人交谈的特点，G选项中Outgoing people对应后文They。故G选项“外向的人连想都不会想”符合语境，故选G。
15．根据上文“Read the news!(看新闻！)”以及后文“Surf the Internet for news and information, and talk about them when you are with your friends.(上网浏览新闻和信息，当你和朋友在一起的时候谈论它们)”可知，本段的建议是看新闻，即要采取一些行动，不要什么也不做。故C选项“不要光呆在家里什么都不做”符合语境，故选C。
16．A 17．D 18．G 19．F 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些可以帮助青少年保证睡眠充足的实用方法。
16．根据下文“Parents should avoid falling asleep on the sofa in the evenings or using tech devices when it’s mit to your own bedtime routine so that your teenager can be your follower.(父母应该避免晚上在沙发上睡着，或者在很晚的时候使用科技设备。保证你自己的就寝时间，这样你的孩子就会成为你的追随者)”可知，本段主要讲述了父母应该做孩子的好榜样。由此可知，A. Lead by example.(以身作则)适合作本段主旨句，符合语境。故选A。
17．根据上文“Work out exactly how much sleep they need. Teenagers should aim for between eight and ten hours’ sleep a night, according to the World Health Organisation.(算出他们到底需要多少睡眠。根据世界卫生组织的建议，青少年每晚应该保证8到10个小时的睡眠)”可知，本段主要讲述青少年需要的睡眠时间。由此可知，D. But the exact amount of sleep your teenager needs is unique.(但是你的青少年需要的确切睡眠时间是独一无二的)能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选D。
18．根据上文“Establish a wind-down (放松) routine. Once they know how much sleep they’re aiming for, help them to achieve this by negotiating a 30 to 60-minute wind-down routine before they go to bed, at the same time every night.(建立一个逐渐放松的例行程序。一旦他们知道了自己想要的睡眠时间，就可以在每晚睡觉前的同一时间安排30到60分钟的放松时间来帮助他们实现这个目标)”可知，本段主要讲述睡前安排一些放松时间。由此可知，G. A bath will bring the body temperature down a degree which is ideal for sleep.(洗澡可以使体温降低一度，这是睡眠的理想条件)属于一种放松方式，符合语境。故选G。
19．根据上文“Let them have a weekend lie-in. Enable your children to get up as late as they can, sparing them the morning chores.(让他们周末睡个懒觉。让你的孩子尽可能晚起，让他们少做早上的家务)”可知，本段主要讲述学习休假的日子里，让孩子多休息。由此可知，F. On study-leave days an extra hour in bed will help them concentrate better.(在学习休假的日子里，多睡一小时有助于他们更好地集中注意力)能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选F。
20．此处位于文章尾段，B. Let your teenagers have more sleep.(让你的孩子有更多的睡眠)能够照应首段中的“Here are some practical ways you can help them.(这里有一些实用的方法可以帮助他们)”，同时引起下文“They will reward you more.(他们会回报你更多)”，符合语境。故选B。
21．E 22．A 23．F 24．G 25．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是来自世界各地的令人惊讶的习俗。
21．空前“One thing that sets humans apart from other members of the animal kingdom is our tendency to develop, customs and traditions.(人类与动物王国其他成员的区别在于我们的发展趋势、习俗和传统。)”说明我们人类有习俗，空后介绍了一些习俗，因此空格处是承上启下的一句，应该说“以下是一些习俗”，E选项“Here are some astonishing customs from around the world(这里有一些来自世界各地的令人惊讶的习俗)”引出了下文的一些习俗，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
22．空前“An odd custom associated with the United States is its complicated tipping culture. Unlike many other countries who don’t tip at all or who only tip in small amounts when the food was particularly good, everyone has to tip at most restaurants in the US.(美国有一个奇怪的习俗，那就是其复杂的小费文化。不像许多其他国家根本不给小费，或者在食物特别好吃的时候只给很少的小费，在美国的大多数餐馆，每个人都要给小费。)”介绍的是美国的给小费的习俗，空后“customers have a duty to leave between 10-20 percent of the bill in tips(顾客有义务给账单10%到20%的小费)”是简要地介绍给小费的习俗，因此空格处应该说“换句话说”，A选项“To put it another way(换句话说)”引出了下文对给小费习俗的简要介绍，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选A。
23．空后“While members of most cultures would probably agree that pointing fingers isn’t exactly the nicest thing in the world, in Malaysia and Indonesia, this gesture can be seen as incredibly offensive.(虽然大多数文化的人可能都同意，用手指别人并不是世界上最好的事情，但在马来西亚和印度尼西亚，这个手势可能被认为是非常无礼的。)”说很多国家觉得用手指别人是不好的，空格处是总起下文的，因此也应该说到这个习俗，F选项“Some countries find the act of pointing with the index finger to be rude(有些国家认为用食指指别人是不礼貌的)”引出了用食指指人这一不礼貌的行为，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选F。
24．空前“While members of most cultures would probably agree that pointing fingers isn’t exactly the nicest thing in the world, in Malaysia and Indonesia, this gesture can be seen as incredibly offensive.(虽然大多数文化的人可能都同意，用手指别人并不是世界上最好的事情，但在马来西亚和印度尼西亚，这个手势可能被认为是非常无礼的。)”说明大多数国家认为用手指人是不礼貌的，既然本篇文章介绍的是令人惊讶的习俗，空格处就应该说到怎么用手指人是礼貌的，G选项“Instead, to gesture towards things with the thumb is seen as a more polite option(相反，用拇指做手势被认为是一种更礼貌的选择)”说明了用拇指是礼貌的，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
25．空前“In Japan, however, making slurping (啧啧响的) sounds while eating has an entirely different meaning.(然而，在日本，吃东西时发出吃东西的声音有着完全不同的含义。)”说明了在日本吃东西发出声音有不同的含义，空格处应该说是什么含义，C选项“It indicates that you’re really enjoying them(这表明你真的很享受它们)”说明了吃东西发出声音的不同含义，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
26．B 27．G 28．A 29．F 30．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了蓝光的存在以及人们对蓝光的认识。虽然光线确实会在某些情况下伤害我们的眼睛，但是没有科学证据表明蓝光对我们的眼睛有害。
26．根据下文“It might be, mainly because as we stare at our devices we are exposing our- selves to blue light.(这可能是，主要是因为当我们盯着我们的设备时，我们正在将自我暴露在蓝光下。)”可知是对前文的回答，且与我们盯着设备看时被暴露在蓝光下有关，与B项“Is all this staring bad for us (这一切对我们不利吗？)”上下文一致，下文的stare at与B项中staring前后呼应，故选B项。
27．根据上文“While it’s true that light can damage your eyes under certain circumstances, there’s no scientific evidence suggesting that blue light is harmful to our eyes.( 虽然在某些情况下光线确实会损害你的眼睛，但没有科学证据表明蓝光对我们的眼睛有害。)”可知，没有确凿证据表明蓝光对我们的眼睛有害，G项（但许多人仍然认为它是，这就是为什么防蓝光眼镜如此受欢迎的原因）遇上问形成转折，并引出下文对防蓝光眼镜的介绍，故选G。
28．根据上文“But if blue light isn’t harmful, then why are we constantly rubbing our eyes when we’re looking at our screens (但是，如果蓝光无害，那么为什么我们在看屏幕时会不断揉眼睛呢？)”及下文“More than 60 percent of people experience problems associated with digital eyestrain.(超过60%的人遇到与数字眼睛疲劳相关的问题。)”可知，我们在看屏幕是不断揉眼睛的原因与眼疲劳有关，与A项“The answer is eyestrain.(答案是眼睛疲劳。)”上下文一致，A项中eyestrain与下文eyestrain前后呼应，故选A项。
29．根据上文“Instead, our eyes are so strained because most of us blink less when we stare at our digital devices.(相反，我们的眼睛非常紧张，因为我们大多数人在盯着数字设备时眨眼较少。)”并结合下文“However, wearing them could potentially help you get a good night’s sleep.(然而，佩戴它们可能会帮助你睡个好觉。)”可知，空处与下文有转折，且围绕佩戴某种与蓝光问题有联系的东西有关，与F项“So if eyestrain is the real issue, blue light-blocking gasses are probably useless.(因此，如果眼睛疲劳是真正的问题，那么蓝光阻隔气体可能毫无用处。)”上下文一致，且F项中的blue light-blocking gasses与下文中them前后呼应，符合逻辑，故选F项。
30．根据下文“You can find them everywhere. You also can address your blue light exposure by changing your smart phone or tablet’s display settings to night shit or something similar, or you can down- load an app that filters out blue light, too.”（你到处都能找到它们。你也可以通过将智能手机或平板电脑的显示设置改为夜间或类似的设置来解决蓝光暴露问题，或者你也可以下载一个过滤蓝光的应用程序）可知，这是在介绍解决蓝光暴露问题的方法，因此空处是在问读者是否需要防蓝光眼镜，E项（想为自己买一副蓝光眼镜吗 ）符合语境，故选E。
31．G 32．A 33．B 34．F 35．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了克服自我批评的一些建议。
31．上文“Self-criticism is the act of thinking negatively about yourself. Individuals with self-critical tendencies face self-created problems due to their tough standards and internalized social values for self-evaluation.(自我批评是一种消极看待自己的行为。具有自我批评倾向的个体由于其严格的自我评价标准和内化的社会价值观而面临着自我制造的问题。)”说明具有自我批评倾向的人要面对一些问题。选项G“因此，他们不确定自己的想法、感受和情绪。”承接上文，和上文存在因果关系。选项中they指代上文“Individuals with self-critical tendencies”。故选G项。
32．下文“If people use personal criticism in a way that’s useful to complete tasks and achieve goals, it can be beneficial. They can use it as a way to examine their decisions and behaviors and evaluate whether they need to make any changes.(如果人们以一种对完成任务和实现目标有用的方式来使用个人批评，它可能是有益的。他们可以用它来检查他们的决定和行为，并评估他们是否需要做出任何改变。)”说明如果以某种有用的方式来使用自我批评，它是有好处的。选项A“自我批评并不总是坏的。”概括说明了本段内容。故选A项。
33．下文“People with avoidant (回避反应的) attachment styles avoid closeness. This may prevent them from developing relationships for how to show compassion (同情) for themselves and others. Self-criticism is also likely to arise from shame, insecure attachments, and having low self-esteem.(逃避依恋类型的人避免亲密。这可能会阻碍他们发展对自己和他人表示同情的人际关系。自我批评也可能源于羞耻、不安全的依恋和自卑。)”说明自我批评源于与他人避免亲密，也源于羞耻、不安全的依恋和自卑，回答了自我批评从哪里来的问题。选项B“自我批评从何而来？”引出下文，是对下文的提问，为本段小标题。选项中come from与下文“arise from”同义。故选B项。
34．上文“When individuals engage in negative self-assessment, they create an inner dialogue that uses demeaning (贬低的) and demotivating language.(当个人进行消极的自我评估时，他们会使用贬低和失去动力的语言进行内心对话。)”说明，选项F“自我批评的例子包括短语和消极的自我对话。”承接上文，是对上文的进一步解释，同时引出下文“They may say, ‘I am easily disappointed with myself. ’ ‘I can’t accept failures and setbacks without feeling inadequate, ’ and‘I stop caring about myself. ’(他们可能会说：‘我很容易对自己感到失望。’‘我不能接受失败和挫折而不感到不足’，‘我不再关心自己了。’)”。故选F项。
35．上文“To overcome self-criticism, it’s helpful to be honest with yourself about the role you play. You can start to identify how your self-criticism impacts your mood and daily routine.(为了克服自我批评，诚实面对自己所扮演的角色是很有帮助的。你可以开始认识到你的自我批评是如何影响你的情绪和日常生活的。)”说明想要克服自我批评，要诚实面对自己，认识它如何影响情绪和生活，也可以采用其他方法。选项E“必要时寻求专业帮助也很重要。”承接上文，想要克服自我批评，还可以求助专业帮助。故选E项。
36．C 37．E 38．D 39．A 40．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明了，介绍了安全地骑电动自行车的一些注意事项。
36．根据下文各段首句和文章标题可知，全文在讲安全骑电动自行车的一些小技巧，C选项的“It is vital to pay careful attention to some tips”（注意一些小技巧是至关重要的），与下文语义逻辑一致，故选C。
37．根据本段首句“Keep dos and don’ts in mind.”（记住哪些要做哪些不要做。）可知下文都是关于要做和不要做的具体事情的描述，E选项的“Don’t talk on the phone, text, or listen to music”（不要打电话、发短信或听音乐）这是不要做的事情，与本段语义逻辑一致，故选E。
38．根据本段首句“Be sure your bike is ready to ride.”（确保你的自行车已作好骑行准备。）和后句“if the bicycle hasn’t been used for a while. For an e-bike, also make sure your battery is charged.”（如果这辆自行车有一段时间没用的话。对于电动自行车，还要确保你的电池已充电。）可知，此处说明骑行前应该做的一些准备工作，D选项的“Take it for adjustment before you go for a ride”（骑行前带上它进行调整），与前后语义逻辑一致，故选D。
39．根据后两句“With the ability to go faster comes the responsibility to know when you should slow down.”（具备更快的能力，也有责任知道什么时候应该放慢速度。）可知，此处说明骑行时应注速度，A选项的“Be aware of your speed”（注意你的速度），概括本段句意，与后句语义逻辑一致，故选A。
40．根据前句“Ride in the right lanes.”（在正确的车道上行驶。）和后句“when you’re riding in the street. Moreover, check the sign to see where e-bikes are allowed. ”（当你在街上骑行时。此外，检查标志，看看哪里允许电动自行车。）可知，此处说明骑行时要注意交通规则，G选项的“Read the signals and pay attention to the lane markings”（阅读信号并注意车道标线），与前后句语义逻辑一致，故选G。
41．D 42．C 43．F 44．G 45．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了批评对健康的人际关系有害，介绍了一些在批评开始之前停止批评的方法。
41．根据上文“Criticism(批评)is harmful to healthy relationships.(批评对健康的人际关系有害)”以及后文“Being overly critical, however, can cause tension in a relationship over time. The following are some ways to catch criticism before it begins.(然而，随着时间的推移，过于挑剔会导致关系紧张。以下是一些在批评开始之前停止批评的方法)”可知，本句与后文构成转折关系，指出有人伤害可以表达失望，但是时间久了会导致关系紧张。故D选项“如果有人伤害了你，你可以表达失望”符合语境，故选D。
42．根据上文“If someone did something to get on your nerves, would you really need to point it out (如果有人做了让你心烦的事，你真的需要指出来吗？)”以及后文“Take a few deep breaths and leave the room instead of criticizing.(深呼吸几下，离开房间，而不是批评)”可知，本句是在建议不要太过于计较。故C选项“有时候，最好不要计较小的无礼”符合语境，故选C。
43．根据后文“Your tendency to criticize may come from expecting too much from others. Sometimes you may find yourself consistently annoyed or disappointed with others. It may be a good idea to adjust your expectations.(你的批评倾向可能来自于对别人期望过高。有时你会发现自己总是对别人感到恼火或失望。调整你的期望值可能是个好主意)”可知，后文提到批评倾向来自于对别人期望过高，F选项中high expectations对应后文expecting too much，故F选项“爱挑剔的人通常对周围的人有很高的期望”符合语境，故选F。
44．根据上文“Separate the individuals from their actions. Critical people often focus on the negative aspects of a situation or a person, failing to see good qualities alongside negative ones. If you find yourself making assumptions about a person’s character, stop yourself. Try to separate a disappointing action from the person doing the action.(把个人和他们的行为分开。爱挑剔的人往往只关注一件事或一个人的消极方面，在消极的一面中看不到好的一面。如果你发现自己在猜测一个人的性格，那就停下来。试着把令人失望的行为和做出这种行为的人分开)”可知，上文提到了“试着把令人失望的行为和做出这种行为的人分开”，说明行为和人本身不相关，本句为本段最后一句，指出行为不能反映性格，故G选项“我们都有表现不好的时候，但一个行为并不能反映一个人的性格”符合语境，故选G。
45．根据后文“Oftentimes, being critical results from how you’re choosing to see a situation. Everyone has drawbacks and imperfections. However, the vast majority of people have good qualities that outweigh the bad ones. Try to focus on a person’s positive qualities over their negative ones.(通常情况下，批评来自于你选择如何看待一个情况。每个人都有缺点和不完美。然而，绝大多数人的优点大于缺点。试着关注一个人的积极品质而不是消极品质)”可知，本段的主旨是关注积极的品质，B选项中positives对应后文positive qualities。故B选项“关注积极的方面”符合语境，故选B。
46．G 47．A 48．E 49．C 50．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了如何过上充实的生活的几点建议。包括解决不满，建立良好的习惯，关注健康和福祉以及反思每天的挑战。
46．根据文章的标题“How to Live a Fulfilling Life(如何过充实的生活)”以及“What about going to sleep each night with a grin(露齿的笑)of satisfaction on your lips (每天晚上带着满意的笑容入睡怎么样 )”可知，文章介绍的是如何过上充实生活提出相关建议，并提出每天晚上带着满意的笑容入睡；同时根据后文“Here are some tips that may help you.(这里有一些建议可能会对你有所帮助)”可知，设空处应该指出针对于前文提出的目标即过上充实的生活是很难的，由此提出几点建议。G选项“This may seem difficult, but leading a more fulfilling life is entirely possible.(这可能看起来很难，但过上更充实的生活是完全可能的)”符合语境，承上启下。故选G。
47．本题为本段的中心句。根据后文“To lead a more fulfilling life, you first need to know what part of your current life is troubling or unsatisfactory.( 为了过上更充实的生活，你首先需要知道你目前生活的哪些部分令人不安或不满意)”可知，本段强调的是指出自己生活中令人不安或者不满意的地方，然后进行解决。A选项“Addressing your dissatisfaction.(解决你的不满)”概括本段内容，符合语境。故选A。
48．根据后文“For example, if you’ve been trying to lose weight, but you spend too much time on the couch, reduce your time on TV or do an exercise while you watch.(例如，如果你一直在努力减肥，但你在沙发上花了太多时间，那就减少看电视的时间，或者一边看电视一边做运动)”可知，此处举例说明通过使用好习惯取代坏习惯。E选项“Replacing your bad habits with good ones is also suggested.(还建议用好习惯取代坏习惯)”引起下文，形成呼应。故选E。
49．根据后文“You’ll have trouble feeling fulfilled if your energy only goes out. Just as you pour love and support into others, you must return that love and support to yourself. Take time to improve your own self with passions or self-care. (如果你的精力耗尽，你就很难感到满足。就像你把爱和支持倾注给别人一样，你也必须把爱和支持回报给自己。花点时间用激情和自我照顾来提升自己)”可知，你自己也会耗尽精力，让自己感到无法满足。因此，此处建议要给自己留些时间，花点时间用激情和自我照顾来提升自己。C选项“It’s important to set aside “me” time.(留出属于自己的时间是很重要的)”引起下文，提出给自己留些时间的重要性，符合语境。故选C。
50．根据前文的“Fulfillment also translates to perfect mental and physical health, so make time to exercise regularly. Schedule it into your day.(成就感也意味着完美的精神和身体健康，所以要花时间定期锻炼。把它安排到你的一天中)”可知，此处强调要花时间锻炼，把它定期的安排到自己的一天日程中。F选项“That way, it will be just like any other task on your to-do list. (这样，它就会像你待办事项清单上的其他任务一样)”与前文呼应，指出把锻炼定期的安排到自己的一天日程中，就好像是代办清单上的其他任务一样，由此形成良好的习惯。故选F。