专题四 阅读选择—推理判断题
推理判断题是中考英语阅读理解的必考题型之一，也是其中难度较大的题型，属于深层理解题。它要求学生对文章中的内容及作者的思路做出合理的判断和推理，也就是要运用逻辑推理能力推论出蕴含在文章中却没有明说的事实及暗示的含义，即英语中所说的“read between the lines”。因此，学生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理，在已知和未知信息之间搭起桥梁，透过字里行间，体会“弦外之音”，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。
分析2019-2023年近五年浙江杭州中考阅读理解题型考向分布。
年份 体裁 题目类型考察频次
细节理解 推理判断 词句猜测 主旨大意 标题归纳 文章结构
2023 说明文 3
记叙文 3 1
说明文 2 1 1
说明文 3 1
2022 记叙文 3
说明文 3 1
说明文 3 1
说明文 1 1 2
2021 记叙文 3
记叙文 3 1
说明文 1 1 1 1
说明文 3 1
2020 说明文 2 1
说明文 2 1 1
说明文 3 1
议论文 2 1 1
2019 广告 3
记叙文 4
记叙文 2 1 1
说明文 2 1 1
【设题类型】
1、细节推理：直接推理，正确选项是由文中的某处具体信息直接推倒出来的。
2、归纳推理：需要就文中所提供的多处信息进行归纳综合，推导出新的结论。
【推理判断题设问形式】
Which of the following is (not) mentioned in the paragraph
What can we infer from the last sentence
What do you think would happen (to …) at the end of the story
We can learn from the last paragraph that _________.
We can infer from the passage that __________.
From this passage, we can infer that __________.
From the passage, we know that __________.
The writer believes that ___________.
1、针对文章来源的判断
这类题目可以根据文章的关键词和格式来推断文章的出处，也可以根据文章内容的主要意义来确定文章的出处。
针对文章写作目的的判断
与主旨大意题类似，判断文章的目的，可以从文章的各段主题句人手，了解文章大意，梳理文章脉络，对作者写这篇文章的目的进行推断。
针对文章或者段落内容的判断
对文章或段落内容的判断主要立足于文章的关键细节，考生需要从细节中找到线索、总结推理出正确答案。
针对作者的思想感情、文字色彩进行推断
文章中的措辞会体现作者或者其他人物的思想倾向和感彩，这往往隐含在字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。
【真题在线】
2020年杭州中考真题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。
A
Do you believe in green living Read the following blog (博客)and replies about a fun, easy and creative way to make your lifestyle greener.
Posted by Gina at 8:32 a. m. on 11th February 2018 What do you think of the "new" hat I made for my sister It used to be my mum's sweater.
New uses for old clothing Nowadays, we're more wasteful than ever-buying, using and throwing things away without thinking about the costs. We need to start living more responsibly- but how One answer is to upcycle (再生利用) . If you're like me, you might already make soil for gardening from food waste and use empty paper boxes as storage space. Did you know you can apply (应用) the same way to old clothing You just need imagination! I started upcycling clothing. Making new things out of old clothes is the best way to mix my talent and my interest. Do you upcycle If so, what new things have you made If not, why not give it a try
Terry BPosted at 9:08 a. m. on 11th February 2018 Why don't you give your old clothes to people in need I even give away the most expensive things I don't wear anymore. So I can help the environment while giving something useful to people in need. GinaPosted at 9:28 a. m. on 11th February 2018 early Good point! I'm talking about only the oldest clothing in your room — the clothes that are too old to be worn by others. The same idea goes for food waste at restaurants and supermarkets. Before upcycling food that can still be eaten, for example, using it to make soil, we should give it to those in need.
Betty99Posted at 10:18 a. m. on 11th February 2018 I've made shopping bags out of T-shirts and dog toys out of socks. Upcycling clothing is a fun hobby, but the most important thing is that it makes me feel like I'm living less wastefully.
（2）Why did Gina give a reply to TerryB
A．To draw TerryB's attention. B．To introduce a new method.
C．To further explain her idea. D．To express her deep regret.
【答案】（2）C
【知识点】科普环保类；议论文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了 Gina对绿色生活的看法——再生利用旧衣物，以及TerryB和 Betty99对Gina这篇博客的回复。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第二部分Gina有关再利用旧物以及不要的食物的回复内容可知 这是为了进一步说明解释“再生利用”的观点，故选C。
2021年杭州中考真题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。
C
Flamenco is very popular in southern Spain. It begins with guitar music and clapping（击掌）and then dancers join the performance. Sometimes a woman dances alone and sometimes she dances with a man. The woman always wears a long，colorful dress. She moves her arms and hands slowly but her feet move in fast difficult steps. The man often wears black. Both dancers click their shoes on the floor when they dance around each other.
Cossack dances are from Russia and Ukraine. They are very energetic — some are more like gymnastics than dancing! Dancers have to be very fit because they jump very high and kick their legs up and down. They often jump over swords（剑）. The movements are similar to traditional Cossack activities，for example，sword fighting and getting on and off horses.
Limbo dancing is first from West Africa but today it is an important part of celebrations in the Caribbean. Young people have to dance under a pole（杆）. The pole is often on fire and the dancer mustn't touch it! After a successful "limbo"，they put the pole lower and do it again. Some dancers can dance under a pole just twenty centimeters off the ground!
Mask（面具）dances are important for the Dogon people in Mali. Each village makes different masks. They are often huge and colorful. There are masks of people，monsters or local animals like crocodiles and monkeys. Mask dancers are always men and they dance to the sound of drums for hours after the death of a person in the village. Today，Dogon villagers also perform the dances for tourists.
10. Which of the following is limbo dancing？
A. B. C. D.
10. A【解析】 推理判断题。问题询问下面哪个图片是林波舞。根据Limbo dancing定位到文章第三段根据Young people have to dance under a pole（杆）. The pole is often on fire and the dancer mustn't touch it! After a successful "limbo"，they put the pole lower and do it again. Some dancers can dance under a pole just twenty centimeters off the ground得知林波舞通常是指舞者在一只杆下跳舞，而这只杆通常还着着火，不能接触到舞者，接着还会放低杆子继续进行跳舞，有的甚至只在离地只有20cm的杆子下跳舞。根据描述，可以判断A的图片更合适。
【限时训练】
衢州
Smartphones are getting boring. The new models are either a bit faster or have better cameras, but they are basically no different from the ones already in our pockets. This is why scientists are hoping, and working for something new, something that will change our lives just as greatly as smartphones do. At the moment, the next invention might be smart glasses.
Just imagine. Instead of having to pick up your phone and look at the screen, all of the information you need simply appears just in front of you, in your glasses. Satellite navigation (导航) directions would appear right there on the road. And your smart glasses could guide you to the right shelf in the supermarket!
Smart glasses could also be used in industry. They could show engineers the instructions they need to fix things more quickly. A doctor could carry out a difficult operation, guided in real time by someone on the other side of the world.
This may sound impossible. But most of the technologies to invent them are already there. For example, one key technology is called AR, which can make digital 3D objects appear as if they are part of the real world. We’ve used it a lot on our video calls. Similarly, huge progress has been made in spatial audio. This is when a sound is made to give it a sense of place, like what you hear in an empty room. Some high-end earphones can already do that. Future glasses will of course need to recognize (识别) your voice to do tasks. This technology has been widely used in our daily life.
So, why aren’t we all wearing smart glasses yet So far, no one has invented a good way to send images (映像) of our world onto glasses. However, with the rapid development of technology, smart glasses could arrive much sooner than we think.
5．Why does the writer mention smartphones in Paragraph 1
A．To start a story. B．To explain an idea.
C．To introduce a topic. D．To discuss a problem.
6．What are Paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly about
A．When smart glasses might be made.
B．Where smart glasses could be used.
C．How smart glasses would give directions.
D．Why smart glasses should be changed.
7．Which of the following technologies needs to be improved to invent smart glasses
A．Making spatial audio. B．Recognizing voices.
C．Creating digital 3D objects. D．Sending images onto glasses.
8．How might the writer feel about the future of smart glasses
A．Bored. B．Confident. C．Satisfied. D．Uncertain.
【答案】5．C 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲和智能手机一样能改变我们生活的智能眼镜将在生活中的应用及目前尚待解决的问题。
5．推理判断题。根据“This is why scientists are hoping, and working for something new, something that will change our lives just as greatly as smartphones do. At the moment, the next invention might be smart glasses.”可知作者写到智能手机是为了能引出智能眼镜的话题。故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据“However, with the rapid development of technology, smart glasses could arrive much sooner than we think.”可知作者认为随着科技的发展，智能眼镜可能会比我们想象的更快到来，即对智能眼镜的前景是比较有信心的。故选B。
金华
What is your dream job, a pilot or a policeman What do you hope your job is like Read the following stories and find more at www.cambridge.org/aw/cambridgeenglish.
The sweetest job Harry is only 12, but he is working for a sweet company. His job is probably the best in the company—the sweet tester. When a new sweet is invented, Harry eats it, writes a report about it and sends his report to the factory. And then a decision is made about whether to make the sweet or not. As a child, he’s too young to work for money. But he gets free sweets!
Desert Island Blogger Do you wish to live on an island and get paid Ben got such a job, but it was hard work! He had to live alone in a house（with a swimming pool）on Hamilton Island and spend every day swimming, exploring and relaxing. Then he had to write a blog to show his findings and feelings.
Sleeping on the job Usually, sleeping on the job is a big problem—if you fall asleep, you’ll lose the job! But Roisin was paid to sleep on the job. She slept in designer beds eight hours a day, every day for a month, and tested them to see what makes “a good night’s sleep”. In the end, Roisin had to write a report about the beds.
12．What is the passage mainly about
A．Interesting jobs. B．Wonderful places.
C．Kinds of factories. D．Life on an island.
13．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．The writer wishes to be a pilot. B．Harry gets paid for testing sweets.
C．Ben lived alone on Hamilton Island. D．Roisin swims eight hours every day.
14．Where can we most probably read the passage
A．At a website. B．In a diary. C．On a postcard. D．In a story book.
【答案】14．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了三个有趣的工作。
推理判断题。
根据“Read the following stories and find more at www.cambridge.org/aw/cambridgeenglish” 可知本文可能出现在网站上。故选A。
宁波
Victor’s project As part of my history project on transport, I did some short interviews with people in my neighborhood. My first interview was with my friend Susan’s grandmother, Mrs. Sanderson. Question 1 How did you get to school when you were young I walked to school with my friends, except for Fridays when we had to carry all of our things for school sports. Then we caught the bus. I enjoyed walking because we could chat on the way. I didn’t like it when it was raining though, but Mum always made sure I wore my raincoat and gumboots. On the other hand, I became a strong walker, and I believe that’s why I’ve been healthy all my life. Question 2 My parents drive me to school. Why didn’t you go to school by car You know, we were not rich enough at that time. We could not afford a car until after I had finished school. Question 3 How did you get around when you weren’t going to school We often went for a family trip by train. Most weekends we went on picnics and I loved playing with my cousins in the park. The trip took much longer than it would take by car today of course. Question 4 How do you get around now How do you get around now I still love walking, but I need to drive my grandchildren around, so I mainly use my car. It is fast.
22．Victor asks Question 4 to get some information about Mrs. Sanderson’s ________.
A．present lifestyle B．family life C．lovely children D．memories of school
23．In all of her answers, Mrs. Sanderson talks about ________.
A．her grandchildren B．her favorite activities
C．types of transport D．places she has visited
24．Which of the following is true about Mrs. Sanderson
A．She used to drive to school on wet days.
B．She couldn’t answer all Victor’s questions.
C．She didn’t like walking to school when young.
D．She finds it quicker to get to places these days.
25．The best title of Victor’s finished project is probably ________.
A．The Life of Mrs. Sanderson B．How Travelling Has Changed
C．People in My Neighborhood D．The Importance of Being Healthy
【答案】 24．D
【导语】本文是Victor为了完成交通历史项目，询问邻居有关交通方式的相关问题。
24．推理判断题。根据“I still love walking, but I need to drive my grandchildren around, so I mainly use my car. It is fast”可知，开车去任何地方很快，所以她发现现在去任何地方都快，D表述正确，故选D。专题四 阅读选择—推理判断题
推理判断题是中考英语阅读理解的必考题型之一，也是其中难度较大的题型，属于深层理解题。它要求学生对文章中的内容及作者的思路做出合理的判断和推理，也就是要运用逻辑推理能力推论出蕴含在文章中却没有明说的事实及暗示的含义，即英语中所说的“read between the lines”。因此，学生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理，在已知和未知信息之间搭起桥梁，透过字里行间，体会“弦外之音”，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。
分析2019-2023年近五年浙江杭州中考阅读理解题型考向分布。
年份 体裁 题目类型考察频次
细节理解 推理判断 词句猜测 主旨大意 标题归纳 文章结构
2023 说明文 3
记叙文 3 1
说明文 2 1 1
说明文 3 1
2022 记叙文 3
说明文 3 1
说明文 3 1
说明文 1 1 2
2021 记叙文 3
记叙文 3 1
说明文 1 1 1 1
说明文 3 1
2020 说明文 2 1
说明文 2 1 1
说明文 3 1
议论文 2 1 1
2019 广告 3
记叙文 4
记叙文 2 1 1
说明文 2 1 1
【设题类型】
1、细节推理：直接推理，正确选项是由文中的某处具体信息直接推倒出来的。
2、归纳推理：需要就文中所提供的多处信息进行归纳综合，推导出新的结论。
【推理判断题设问形式】
Which of the following is (not) mentioned in the paragraph
What can we infer from the last sentence
What do you think would happen (to …) at the end of the story
We can learn from the last paragraph that _________.
We can infer from the passage that __________.
From this passage, we can infer that __________.
From the passage, we know that __________.
The writer believes that ___________.
1、针对文章来源的判断
这类题目可以根据文章的关键词和格式来推断文章的出处，也可以根据文章内容的主要意义来确定文章的出处。
针对文章写作目的的判断
与主旨大意题类似，判断文章的目的，可以从文章的各段主题句人手，了解文章大意，梳理文章脉络，对作者写这篇文章的目的进行推断。
针对文章或者段落内容的判断
对文章或段落内容的判断主要立足于文章的关键细节，考生需要从细节中找到线索、总结推理出正确答案。
针对作者的思想感情、文字色彩进行推断
文章中的措辞会体现作者或者其他人物的思想倾向和感彩，这往往隐含在字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。
【真题在线】
2020年杭州中考真题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。
A
Do you believe in green living Read the following blog (博客)and replies about a fun, easy and creative way to make your lifestyle greener.
Posted by Gina at 8:32 a. m. on 11th February 2018 What do you think of the "new" hat I made for my sister It used to be my mum's sweater.
New uses for old clothing Nowadays, we're more wasteful than ever-buying, using and throwing things away without thinking about the costs. We need to start living more responsibly- but how One answer is to upcycle (再生利用) . If you're like me, you might already make soil for gardening from food waste and use empty paper boxes as storage space. Did you know you can apply (应用) the same way to old clothing You just need imagination! I started upcycling clothing. Making new things out of old clothes is the best way to mix my talent and my interest. Do you upcycle If so, what new things have you made If not, why not give it a try
Terry BPosted at 9:08 a. m. on 11th February 2018 Why don't you give your old clothes to people in need I even give away the most expensive things I don't wear anymore. So I can help the environment while giving something useful to people in need. GinaPosted at 9:28 a. m. on 11th February 2018 early Good point! I'm talking about only the oldest clothing in your room — the clothes that are too old to be worn by others. The same idea goes for food waste at restaurants and supermarkets. Before upcycling food that can still be eaten, for example, using it to make soil, we should give it to those in need.
Betty99Posted at 10:18 a. m. on 11th February 2018 I've made shopping bags out of T-shirts and dog toys out of socks. Upcycling clothing is a fun hobby, but the most important thing is that it makes me feel like I'm living less wastefully.
（2）Why did Gina give a reply to TerryB
A．To draw TerryB's attention. B．To introduce a new method.
C．To further explain her idea. D．To express her deep regret.
2021年杭州中考真题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。
C
Flamenco is very popular in southern Spain. It begins with guitar music and clapping（击掌）and then dancers join the performance. Sometimes a woman dances alone and sometimes she dances with a man. The woman always wears a long，colorful dress. She moves her arms and hands slowly but her feet move in fast difficult steps. The man often wears black. Both dancers click their shoes on the floor when they dance around each other.
Cossack dances are from Russia and Ukraine. They are very energetic — some are more like gymnastics than dancing! Dancers have to be very fit because they jump very high and kick their legs up and down. They often jump over swords（剑）. The movements are similar to traditional Cossack activities，for example，sword fighting and getting on and off horses.
Limbo dancing is first from West Africa but today it is an important part of celebrations in the Caribbean. Young people have to dance under a pole（杆）. The pole is often on fire and the dancer mustn't touch it! After a successful "limbo"，they put the pole lower and do it again. Some dancers can dance under a pole just twenty centimeters off the ground!
Mask（面具）dances are important for the Dogon people in Mali. Each village makes different masks. They are often huge and colorful. There are masks of people，monsters or local animals like crocodiles and monkeys. Mask dancers are always men and they dance to the sound of drums for hours after the death of a person in the village. Today，Dogon villagers also perform the dances for tourists.
10. Which of the following is limbo dancing？
A. B. C. D.
【限时训练】
衢州
Smartphones are getting boring. The new models are either a bit faster or have better cameras, but they are basically no different from the ones already in our pockets. This is why scientists are hoping, and working for something new, something that will change our lives just as greatly as smartphones do. At the moment, the next invention might be smart glasses.
Just imagine. Instead of having to pick up your phone and look at the screen, all of the information you need simply appears just in front of you, in your glasses. Satellite navigation (导航) directions would appear right there on the road. And your smart glasses could guide you to the right shelf in the supermarket!
Smart glasses could also be used in industry. They could show engineers the instructions they need to fix things more quickly. A doctor could carry out a difficult operation, guided in real time by someone on the other side of the world.
This may sound impossible. But most of the technologies to invent them are already there. For example, one key technology is called AR, which can make digital 3D objects appear as if they are part of the real world. We’ve used it a lot on our video calls. Similarly, huge progress has been made in spatial audio. This is when a sound is made to give it a sense of place, like what you hear in an empty room. Some high-end earphones can already do that. Future glasses will of course need to recognize (识别) your voice to do tasks. This technology has been widely used in our daily life.
So, why aren’t we all wearing smart glasses yet So far, no one has invented a good way to send images (映像) of our world onto glasses. However, with the rapid development of technology, smart glasses could arrive much sooner than we think.
5．Why does the writer mention smartphones in Paragraph 1
A．To start a story. B．To explain an idea.
C．To introduce a topic. D．To discuss a problem.
6．What are Paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly about
A．When smart glasses might be made.
B．Where smart glasses could be used.
C．How smart glasses would give directions.
D．Why smart glasses should be changed.
7．Which of the following technologies needs to be improved to invent smart glasses
A．Making spatial audio. B．Recognizing voices.
C．Creating digital 3D objects. D．Sending images onto glasses.
8．How might the writer feel about the future of smart glasses
A．Bored. B．Confident. C．Satisfied. D．Uncertain.
金华
What is your dream job, a pilot or a policeman What do you hope your job is like Read the following stories and find more at www.cambridge.org/aw/cambridgeenglish.
The sweetest job Harry is only 12, but he is working for a sweet company. His job is probably the best in the company—the sweet tester. When a new sweet is invented, Harry eats it, writes a report about it and sends his report to the factory. And then a decision is made about whether to make the sweet or not. As a child, he’s too young to work for money. But he gets free sweets!
Desert Island Blogger Do you wish to live on an island and get paid Ben got such a job, but it was hard work! He had to live alone in a house（with a swimming pool）on Hamilton Island and spend every day swimming, exploring and relaxing. Then he had to write a blog to show his findings and feelings.
Sleeping on the job Usually, sleeping on the job is a big problem—if you fall asleep, you’ll lose the job! But Roisin was paid to sleep on the job. She slept in designer beds eight hours a day, every day for a month, and tested them to see what makes “a good night’s sleep”. In the end, Roisin had to write a report about the beds.
12．What is the passage mainly about
A．Interesting jobs. B．Wonderful places.
C．Kinds of factories. D．Life on an island.
13．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．The writer wishes to be a pilot. B．Harry gets paid for testing sweets.
C．Ben lived alone on Hamilton Island. D．Roisin swims eight hours every day.
14．Where can we most probably read the passage
A．At a website. B．In a diary. C．On a postcard. D．In a story book.
宁波
Victor’s project As part of my history project on transport, I did some short interviews with people in my neighborhood. My first interview was with my friend Susan’s grandmother, Mrs. Sanderson. Question 1 How did you get to school when you were young I walked to school with my friends, except for Fridays when we had to carry all of our things for school sports. Then we caught the bus. I enjoyed walking because we could chat on the way. I didn’t like it when it was raining though, but Mum always made sure I wore my raincoat and gumboots. On the other hand, I became a strong walker, and I believe that’s why I’ve been healthy all my life. Question 2 My parents drive me to school. Why didn’t you go to school by car You know, we were not rich enough at that time. We could not afford a car until after I had finished school. Question 3 How did you get around when you weren’t going to school We often went for a family trip by train. Most weekends we went on picnics and I loved playing with my cousins in the park. The trip took much longer than it would take by car today of course. Question 4 How do you get around now How do you get around now I still love walking, but I need to drive my grandchildren around, so I mainly use my car. It is fast.
22．Victor asks Question 4 to get some information about Mrs. Sanderson’s ________.
A．present lifestyle B．family life C．lovely children D．memories of school
23．In all of her answers, Mrs. Sanderson talks about ________.
A．her grandchildren B．her favorite activities
C．types of transport D．places she has visited
24．Which of the following is true about Mrs. Sanderson
A．She used to drive to school on wet days.
B．She couldn’t answer all Victor’s questions.
C．She didn’t like walking to school when young.
D．She finds it quicker to get to places these days.
25．The best title of Victor’s finished project is probably ________.
A．The Life of Mrs. Sanderson B．How Travelling Has Changed
C．People in My Neighborhood D．The Importance of Being Healthy
