专题二 阅读选择—主旨大意题
主旨大意题旨在考查考生对段落大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。这类题目通常考查文章标题、中心思想、段落大意、写作目的等。
分析2019-2023年近五年浙江杭州中考阅读理解题型考向分布。
年份 体裁 题目类型考察频次
细节理解 推理判断 词句猜测 主旨大意 标题归纳 文章结构
2023 说明文 3
记叙文 3 1
说明文 2 1 1
说明文 3 1
2022 记叙文 3
说明文 3 1
说明文 3 1
说明文 1 1 2
2021 记叙文 3
记叙文 3 1
说明文 1 1 1 1
说明文 3 1
2020 说明文 2 1
说明文 2 1 1
说明文 3 1
议论文 2 1 1
2019 广告 3
记叙文 4
记叙文 2 1 1
说明文 2 1 1
常见的题干有：
What is the story mainly about
What is the best title for the passage
The main idea of the passage/Paragraph… is_______.
The purpose of the passage might be _______.
The writer mainly tells us in the passage about…
1. 通读全文，抓主题句。我们应先通读全文，掌握大意，然后辨认能够统领和概括文意的核心句子即主题句。准确找出主题句，再从选项中选出与主题句相呼应的选项，是最有效的解题方法。
（1）主题句的特点。主题句通常有三个特点：
A.概括性。它浓缩了文章的整体内容;
B.统一性。即与整个文章在意思上保持高度统一，而非矛盾或排斥关系;
C.简洁性。句子结构简单明了，少有长句或难句。
（2）主题句的位置。有的作者在开篇时直接点明主题，再演绎事实，因此主题句便出现在文章之首;有的作者先摆事实，再做结论，主题句便出现在文末;有的作者先从事实入手，发展到结论，然而意犹未尽，进一步用细节支撑结论，主题句便出现在文章中间。辨认、寻找主题句的过程其实就是加深对文章的整体理解，读懂文章的过程。
2. 抓关键词 自主归纳。有的文章并沒有明显的主题句，作者的写作意图蕴含文中，这就要求我们透过文字叙述自行归纳出主题。在归纳的过程中应注意：
（1）留心对表达文意起重要作用的关键词语，将关键词语进行精加工，提炼出最能表达作者意图的概念、观点;
（2）筛选出蕴含重要信息的句子并加以重组，呈现文章的整体思想;
（3）概括各段大意，再由点及面，串联出文章的中心内容。
自行归纳出主题后，再从选择项中找出最符合表达主题思想的选项。这时应注意，有些干扰项，从局部看也许不算错，但从全文看却又片面，其与正确选项之差，其实是局部与全局之差，解题时切勿忽略文章的整体思想。
【真题在线】
2019年杭州中考真题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A, B, C 和D）中选出最佳选项
D
If you go shopping in any toy store, you can see clearly the different games and toys for boys and girls: there are a lot of pink toys on one side of the store for girls; and dark colored cars, guns, and soldiers for boys. Some big stores with toys may even have a pink floor for girls and a blue floor for boys. In fact, it is difficult to buy a toy for a girl that is not pink.
Some people think that too much pink is bad for girls. Sue Palmer, writer of Toxic Childhood, is very worried that most girls over the age of three are crazy about the color. According to some scientists, this happens for two reasons. Firstly, most companies offer too many products in pink. Also, many parents think their little daughter looks cute in pink. Sue Palmer says that girls at this age cannot make proper decisions by themselves, but the pink can affect (影响) the choices and the decisions they will make in the future.
Some parents are worried too-for example, Vanessa Holburn, thirty-two, who has two girls under the age of four. Their bedrooms are a sea of pink and Vanessa is not happy. "Pink says that you are soft and gentle. Blue says that you are strong and powerful. I want my daughters to be strong and powerful. I'm worried that pink will not help them with that," she says.
But not everyone thinks there's something wrong with pink. Grayson Turner is a father of three girls and he isn't worried at all. "People forget that things change all the time," he says. "My girls used to love pink when they were little, but as they get older, they change." Turner explains that his twelve-year-old daughter never wears pink clothes anymore. "This love of pink is just a fashion and all fashions change," he adds. "It's only since the 1940s that people have started dressing girls in pink-before that it was a color for boys."
30.The purpose of this passage is to ________.
A. explain why girls are crazy about the color pink
B. make parents less worried about the color pink
C. encourage girls to give up playing with pink toys
D. show people's different opinions about the color pink
2020年杭州中考真题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。
B
Traffic
lights are red, yellow and green. They are very important signals (信号). Traffic lights
are usually placed at busy street corners to help control traffic. Sometimes,
they are on streets near schools and shops, too. Most young children are taught
what each of the colored lights means, so everybody can stay safe.
The
first traffic signals were used for trains. The signals were put alongside
railway tracks (轨道). The color red was used to mean "stop" because it warned
people of danger. A red light was also the easiest color to see from a
distance. Train drivers could see the red "stop" light ahead and had
enough time to slow down and stop their trains. A green light was used to mean "take
care" and a white light meant "go".
However,
there were many dangerous accidents on the train tracks. Some train drivers
thought a star shining in the night sky was a white light that meant "go"".
So the signals were swapped. The "go" light was changed to
green and the "take care" light was changed to white.
During
these times, people travelled by train or in carts pulled by horses. Years
later, when cars were built, people began to drive them because they could
travel much faster than horses. However, the road rules for drivers were not
very clear and many people were hurt crossing the roads. Yellow warning signs
had to be placed beside the roads to remind drivers to take care and allow
people to cross safely.
Today,
towns and cities all over the world have traffic lights. Red and green lights
match the signals used on the railways. Yellow lights are easy to see, so they
are used to warn drivers that they should slow down and prepare to stop.
（4）What is the passage mainly about
A．The advantages of traffic lights. B．The history of traffic lights.
C．The importance of traffic lights. D．The meanings of traffic lights.
C
A lot
of animals travel from one place to another. We call this migration.
In
Africa, large animals, like elephants and zebras, migrate to find food and
water. They usually follow the same ways every year.
A lot
of birds migrate to find food and better weather, too. They are usually birds
that eat insects. They spend the summer in northern Europe, because there are
lots of insects there. In the winter there aren't any insects, so the birds fly
south to southern Europe and Africa.
Some
insects migrate, too. In North America, millions of monarch butterflies fly
south to spend the winter in Mexico, California and Florida, where it's warmer.
They travel 50-65 km each day and they travel about 1, 125 km.
Some
fish migrate to breed (繁殖). Salmon (鲑鱼) can swim over 20, 000 km in
their life. They are born in rivers in Ireland, Scotland and other places in
northern Europe. The young fish swim down the river to the sea and into the
Atlantic Ocean. They live in the ocean until they are adults. Then they return
to the river where they were born. They lay their eggs in the river and then
they usually die. Salmon do this, because their eggs are safer in the river.
Other fish can't eat them.
Arctic
terns (北极燕鸥) travel the furthest when they migrate. They spend the summer in
the Arctic, but when winter comes they fly to the Antarctic, because it's
summer there. The next year they fly back to the Arctic again. In one year
these small birds travel 36, 000km from one end of the earth to the other and
back again. Nobody knows how they do it.
（4）The example of Arctic terns in the last paragraph is used mainly to show _________.
A．the distance of migration B．the purpose of migration
C．the direction of migration D．the time of migration
D
How
would you feel if someone decided to take away your park Well that's what's
happening in my community. There's a park that some people want to turn into a
golf course (高尔夫球场). Let me tell you why I think it's a bad idea.
First,
a park is meant to be for the whole community. Not everyone likes golf, so not
everyone will get to use the park. This isn't fair. A community park should
have open spaces for everyone to use.
Second,
to make way for the golf course, lots of playground equipment (设施) will have to be
moved or knocked down, which is a waste of time and money. It's also a waste of
perfectly good equipment. The swings, for example, will probably just end up as
litter.
Third,
what about giving young people something to do Not all kids are crazy about
golf. At the moment, the park has a skating place and a playground. These
attract lots of kids from the community. If you turn the park into a golf
course, these kids won't have anywhere to go and they won't have anything to
do.
This
means that they will stay at home and turn on a video game rather than get some
exercise. It also means that they might be out on the street causing trouble.
Wouldn't it be better to give them something to do at the park
Finally,
golf is expensive. Building a golf course and maintaining (维护)it costs a lot of
money. Who is going to pay to maintain the golf course What about those people
who can't afford to join a golf club That means that the golf course will only
be available to people with lots of money.
Turning
our park into a golf course is a bad idea. I suggest we have a community
meeting before plans go any further.
（4）What is the writer's purpose in writing this passage
A．To help carry out further plans.
B．To make the park more beautiful.
C．To encourage children to go skating.
D．To stop the golf course from being built.
2021年杭州中考真题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。
B
Have you ever thought how important T﹣shirts are in your life？I don't mean expensive designer T﹣shirts，After all，just because you spend a lot of money on a shirt doesn't mean that it looks good. I'm talking about the T﹣shirts that say something about you，like where you've been，what you like，or what you think. Those are often the T﹣shirts that we feel the most comfortable in and that we wear again and again. I'm going to tell you about two T﹣shirts that I really，really love and explain why. I've been to London twice. The first time I went I saw this shirt in a souvenir（纪念品）shop and my dad bought it for me. I really loved the design and the colors. And it reminds me of something funny that happened. One day we were travelling around the center of London. We almost got lost，but we found our way — thanks to the picture on this T﹣shirt! Sometimes I've bought clothes that I've never worn or that I've only worn once or twice. But I've worn（and washed o）this T﹣shirt hundreds of times. I love music and I love Adele. I haven't seen many of my favorite artists live，but I bought this when I went to Adele's concert two years ago. It was a great concert and this is a great souvenir. And white T﹣ shirts go with anything，not just jeans! So，those are just two of my favorite T﹣shirts that tell a story. What about yours？
posted 16th April at 16：57 post a comment
I've never been to China and I don't know any Chinese，but one of my favorite T﹣shirts has the Chinese characters on it. One of the reasons that I like it is because I love the bright colors of the characters. And it has sentimental（情感）value. Last year，my brother studied in Beijing and he gave me this when he came home. Nuria Gil，Spain
7. What is the purpose of this blog？
A. To produce popular T﹣shirts. B. To make an ad for T﹣shirts.
C. To introduce favorite T﹣shirts. D. To offer a design for T﹣shirts.
D
When do children start to talk？If you ask a group of parents when this happened，most will say" around twelve months of age". They will probably even remember what the children said. Many parents keep a diary of their child's "first words"
We can never predict what a first word is going to be. Often it's the name for" mummy " or "daddy"，but it could just as easily be the word for an animal or a favorite toy. Everything depends on what has most caught the child's attention. But one thing is certain：after the first word，others come quickly. By 18 months，most children have learned about 50 words. By two，the total has risen to around 200.
Early words are actually one﹣word sentences. One of the first features（特征）of language a child learns well is to control the rise and fall of the voice to make the difference between stating and questioning. In English，daddy with a high rising tone（声调）means "is that daddy？" Daddy with a high falling tone means "There's daddy". Of course，only very basic meanings can be communicated using tones alone. So it soon becomes necessary to learn some grammar.
In English，grammar means learning to put words in different orders. Children have to see that mummy push is different from push mummy. They start practising such changes at around 18 months. By two，they have learned the basic patterns of word order，and we hear them saying such things as man kick ball and where daddy go.
What are the parents doing all his time？They're acting as teachers and they always have an active role to play in their child's language learning.
14. What's Paragraph 4 mainly about？
A. Word order. B. Word tones.
C. The first words. D. Correcting words.
2022年杭州中考真题
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中选出最佳选项。
C
Can anyone be an astronaut
Of course not. You don’t have to have a science degree but most astronauts do. Most of them are pilots too. Life in a spaceship is hard so you must have a healthy body and mind. You need to be easy-going, patient, and helpful to spend so much time in a small space with other people.
What’s the training like
People have to train for a year to learn how to stay healthy and safe. They practice space walking and living in zero gravity(重力). They train in difficult conditions to learn how to solve problems and to work in a team. Everyday tasks like eating, washing and sleeping can be difficult on a spaceship. There is no running water so you have to wash with wet tissues: it’s hard to enjoy the dry food that astronauts have to eat. And to sleep you must cover your eyes because the sun rises every 90 minutes on the International Space Station. You also have to tie yourself to something so you don’t fly away!
What health problems do astronauts have
Life in zero gravity causes changes to our bodies. Bones and muscles(肌肉) become thin and weak so you must do a lot of exercise in space to stay fit and to help the heart move blood around your body. Astronauts often get backache because you grow in space— up to 8 centimeters! It’s also common to have headaches and to feel sick, especially at the beginning. You must have vitamins to take the place of fresh fruit and vegetables. But you don’t have to put on sun cream because space suits protect your skin (皮肤).
Are you still interested
26.What is the text mainly about _______
A. What we need to know to become an astronaut.
B. Why young people are interested in space trips
C. What problems astronauts must solve in space.
D. Why we need to train hard before a space trip.
D
There are many different ways to solve a problem. One way is to be creative. People often think creative thinking is just for artists and designers, but this is not true. Dr. Edward de Bono, an expert in creative thinking and problem solving, has shown the world that using creativity to solve problems is very useful in business and in our communities, and will continue to be so in the future.
One example of creative thinking is the solution to a parking problem in a town center. In the areas close to stores, people can only park for 20 minutes. There are parking meters where people pay to park in these areas. However, the problem is that many people leave their cars there for longer than 20 minutes. Dr. Edward de Bono’s solution is to make a rule that all cars parked in these areas must keep their headlights on. Of course, drivers will want to return to their cars before their car batteries (蓄电池) die.
According to Dr. de Bono, people will need to use creative thinking more often in the future. To help people think more creatively, he designed the “Six Thinking Hats” system(系统). The system helps people think about a problem in different ways in order to find a solution. In the system, there are six imaginary hats of different colors. Each hat symbolizes a different way of thinking. For example, the white hat helps people consider the facts. The black hat is the most logical(有逻辑的) and helps people consider why a possible solution may not work. So, next time you have a problem in your community, think about it creatively, from different perspectives, and see what ideas you have.
27.What is the topic of the text
A. Being a creative artist in the community. B. Doing business successfully in the future.
C. Asking experts for some useful advice. D. Using creative thinking to solve problems.
28.Why is the example mentioned in Paragraph 2
A. To express a result. B. To describe a problem.
C. To support the topic. D. To list some numbers.
2023年杭州中考真题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。
C
Cyclocross is cross-country bicycle racing. Racers spend only part of a race on their bikes because only part of the two-mile race is smooth. Other parts of the race have the challenge of obstacles (障碍). When racers reach them, they can ride over them, or pick up their bikes and run.
To be a top racer, you must dismount without slowing down at all. To do this, swing your right leg over the bike seat. At the same time, move the bike away from your body. This makes room for your right foot to hit the ground next to your left foot. As your right foot nears the ground, take your left foot away from the bike. Put both feet on the ground and start running!
As soon as you are running, you have to decide what to do with your bike. You may shoulder it or lift it. It’s important to practice both skills. Sometimes you need to run fast and jump over some obstacles. As your feet hit the ground, you reach down and catch the bottom of your bike. Lift up carefully and keep the bike on your right shoulder while you run. Sometimes you may lift your bike. You catch the top of your bike. Then you lift the bike high enough to get over the obstacles and carefully put the bike on the ground.
After you have carried your bike across an obstacle, you will need to remount. As soon as your bike is on the ground, push off with your left leg, swing your right leg over the bike seat, and move into riding position. Remounting can be the hardest skill of cyclocross. You can learn by watching someone who remounts well.
Cyclocross is a great way to stay active and have fun. However, it can be dangerous. Make sure that you are well prepared. Then, you will just need to go!
11. What is the text mainly about
A. The skills of cyclocross racing. B. The history of cyclocross racing.
C. The records of cyclocross racing. D. The popularity of cyclocross racing.
D
We all enjoy being part of a group—there’s no better work than teamwork, right Actually, I disagree. Teamwork can be hard. In fact, it was so difficult that I left my office job and started working from home on my own. It’s a much better fit for me, and it has made me think about why teamwork can make our jobs harder rather than easier.
Personalities (个性) can make teamwork difficult. There’s often someone on the team that puts their needs first. The team often goes along with this person, whose ideas might not be the best, just the loudest. Just one difficult personality can make teamwork bine (结合) several challenging personality types, and it’s even harder.
Not having enough time together can also make teamwork challenging. For example, I was once on a team where we never had enough time to meet as a group. To successfully work as a team, you need time together—and lots of it.
A final reason teamwork is difficult is because there’s often no training on how to work on a team. You can’t just put people in a room and expect them to work well with each other. You need to build trust with your team members. Think of football players: They aren’t just given a ball and told to play. They practice, and they train.
Team can be hard, but working alone has its challenges, too. When my computer doesn’t work, I don’t have an IT person to turn to. When I have a great idea, I don’t have anyone to share it with to see if it really is a great idea. Don’t get me wrong—I still like my team of one and enjoy making all of the important decisions myself. But now I realize what was wrong with the teamwork I did in the past and how good teamwork could be if done correctly. And that’s useful information—because one day I might want to turn my ME TEAM into a WE TEAM.
15. What is the purpose of the text
A. To show the advantages of teamwork.
B. To tell the importance of teamwork.
C. To introduce the influence of teamwork.
D. To explain the difficulties of teamwork.
【限时训练】
嘉兴
My Olympic volunteering journey started last September. I was excited as I was myself a sports fan and my home country has not hosted a competition like this. It was a great chance for me to both watch and serve the Olympics.
After getting trained through the Internet and spending two weeks in quarantine (隔离), I began to volunteer inside the Wukesong Sports Center. The Center hosted ice hockey games for both men’s and women’s teams. My job was to guide the audience (观众) to their seats and answer their questions. I was wild with joy to be present and watch my first-ever Olympic games live, on the ice. All the games were interesting, and I watched them whenever my volunteering duties would allow.
In our free time, we had pleasant conversations. It was the best chance for us foreign students to learn more about the Chinese New Year celebrations, and this year, to celebrate it together with our Chinese friends. It was really a big festival. We had special Chinese dishes like dumplings, fish and spring rolls. I also tried to write Chinese characters.
I decided to make the most of the chance and introduce my African and Rwandan customs to other volunteers. I showed to them the real Africa that they had never seen on TV before. From geography to social life, I made them understand more about Africa by giving examples of my hometown. It was a great platform (平台) for us young people to share both our cultures and futures.
As an international volunteer for Beijing 2022, I was given a special experience to help others and more importantly, to learn about the spirit of the Winter Olympic Games. I’ll never forget it.
15．Why does the writer write the passage
A．To share his Olympic volunteering experiences.
B．To express the strong love for his home country.
C．To show the spirit of the Winter Olympic Games.
D．To spread African cultures to the rest of the world.
衢州
Imagine mountains held in silver water, shining in the spring sun. Summer sees the mountains turn green with growing rice. During autumn, these same mountains are gold, and in winter they are covered with white frost. These are the colours of the Longji Rice Terraces.
These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people in Guangxi. Work on the terraces took them hundreds of years from Yuan Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty. Reaching as far as the eye can see, these terraces cover tall mountains, often from the bottom to the very top.
So why did these people go to so much trouble to turn the mountains into terraces Firstly, there are few large, flat（平坦的）areas of land here. Building the terraces meant that they could increase more fields to grow rice. Secondly, the flat terraces catch the rainwater and stop the soil from being washed away.
But perhaps what is most meaningful is the way people have worked in harmony（和谐）with nature to make these terraces. The terraces are cleverly shaped, with hundreds of waterways that connect with each other. During the rainy season, it is along these waterways that rainwater moves down the mountains and into the terraces. The sun heats the water and turns it into vapour. This forms clouds and then rain falls down onto the mountain terraces once again.
Although modern technology could help produce more crops, these terraces still mean a lot to the local people. For them, traditions hold much value. This knowledge is passed down through families, which means that people continue to use ancient methods of farming to keep the terraces. Today, the Longji Rice Terraces receive high praise（赞扬）, and thousands of visitors come to enjoy this great wonder created by people and nature working together.
2．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．Why the farmers use the waterways to grow rice.
B．Why the farmers turn the mountains into terraces.
C．How people work in harmony with nature together.
D．How the local people protect crops in the rainy season.
4．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the text
A．To introduce the history of the terraces. B．To advise people to build more terraces.
C．To list the ways of improving technology. D．To praise the cleverness of the local people.
金华
What is your dream job, a pilot or a policeman What do you hope your job is like Read the following stories and find more at www.cambridge.org/aw/cambridgeenglish.
The sweetest job Harry is only 12, but he is working for a sweet company. His job is probably the best in the company—the sweet tester. When a new sweet is invented, Harry eats it, writes a report about it and sends his report to the factory. And then a decision is made about whether to make the sweet or not. As a child, he’s too young to work for money. But he gets free sweets!
Desert Island Blogger Do you wish to live on an island and get paid Ben got such a job, but it was hard work! He had to live alone in a house（with a swimming pool）on Hamilton Island and spend every day swimming, exploring and relaxing. Then he had to write a blog to show his findings and feelings.
Sleeping on the job Usually, sleeping on the job is a big problem—if you fall asleep, you’ll lose the job! But Roisin was paid to sleep on the job. She slept in designer beds eight hours a day, every day for a month, and tested them to see what makes “a good night’s sleep”. In the end, Roisin had to write a report about the beds.
12．What is the passage mainly about
A．Interesting jobs. B．Wonderful places.
C．Kinds of factories. D．Life on an island.专题二 阅读选择—主旨大意题
主旨大意题旨在考查考生对段落大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。这类题目通常考查文章标题、中心思想、段落大意、写作目的等。
分析2019-2023年近五年浙江杭州中考阅读理解题型考向分布。
年份 体裁 题目类型考察频次
细节理解 推理判断 词句猜测 主旨大意 标题归纳 文章结构
2023 说明文 3
记叙文 3 1
说明文 2 1 1
说明文 3 1
2022 记叙文 3
说明文 3 1
说明文 3 1
说明文 1 1 2
2021 记叙文 3
记叙文 3 1
说明文 1 1 1 1
说明文 3 1
2020 说明文 2 1
说明文 2 1 1
说明文 3 1
议论文 2 1 1
2019 广告 3
记叙文 4
记叙文 2 1 1
说明文 2 1 1
常见的题干有：
What is the story mainly about
What is the best title for the passage
The main idea of the passage/Paragraph… is_______.
The purpose of the passage might be _______.
The writer mainly tells us in the passage about…
1. 通读全文，抓主题句。我们应先通读全文，掌握大意，然后辨认能够统领和概括文意的核心句子即主题句。准确找出主题句，再从选项中选出与主题句相呼应的选项，是最有效的解题方法。
（1）主题句的特点。主题句通常有三个特点：
A.概括性。它浓缩了文章的整体内容;
B.统一性。即与整个文章在意思上保持高度统一，而非矛盾或排斥关系;
C.简洁性。句子结构简单明了，少有长句或难句。
（2）主题句的位置。有的作者在开篇时直接点明主题，再演绎事实，因此主题句便出现在文章之首;有的作者先摆事实，再做结论，主题句便出现在文末;有的作者先从事实入手，发展到结论，然而意犹未尽，进一步用细节支撑结论，主题句便出现在文章中间。辨认、寻找主题句的过程其实就是加深对文章的整体理解，读懂文章的过程。
2. 抓关键词 自主归纳。有的文章并沒有明显的主题句，作者的写作意图蕴含文中，这就要求我们透过文字叙述自行归纳出主题。在归纳的过程中应注意：
（1）留心对表达文意起重要作用的关键词语，将关键词语进行精加工，提炼出最能表达作者意图的概念、观点;
（2）筛选出蕴含重要信息的句子并加以重组，呈现文章的整体思想;
（3）概括各段大意，再由点及面，串联出文章的中心内容。
自行归纳出主题后，再从选择项中找出最符合表达主题思想的选项。这时应注意，有些干扰项，从局部看也许不算错，但从全文看却又片面，其与正确选项之差，其实是局部与全局之差，解题时切勿忽略文章的整体思想。
【真题在线】
2019年杭州中考真题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A, B, C 和D）中选出最佳选项
D
If you go shopping in any toy store, you can see clearly the different games and toys for boys and girls: there are a lot of pink toys on one side of the store for girls; and dark colored cars, guns, and soldiers for boys. Some big stores with toys may even have a pink floor for girls and a blue floor for boys. In fact, it is difficult to buy a toy for a girl that is not pink.
Some people think that too much pink is bad for girls. Sue Palmer, writer of Toxic Childhood, is very worried that most girls over the age of three are crazy about the color. According to some scientists, this happens for two reasons. Firstly, most companies offer too many products in pink. Also, many parents think their little daughter looks cute in pink. Sue Palmer says that girls at this age cannot make proper decisions by themselves, but the pink can affect (影响) the choices and the decisions they will make in the future.
Some parents are worried too-for example, Vanessa Holburn, thirty-two, who has two girls under the age of four. Their bedrooms are a sea of pink and Vanessa is not happy. "Pink says that you are soft and gentle. Blue says that you are strong and powerful. I want my daughters to be strong and powerful. I'm worried that pink will not help them with that," she says.
But not everyone thinks there's something wrong with pink. Grayson Turner is a father of three girls and he isn't worried at all. "People forget that things change all the time," he says. "My girls used to love pink when they were little, but as they get older, they change." Turner explains that his twelve-year-old daughter never wears pink clothes anymore. "This love of pink is just a fashion and all fashions change," he adds. "It's only since the 1940s that people have started dressing girls in pink-before that it was a color for boys."
30.The purpose of this passage is to ________.
A. explain why girls are crazy about the color pink
B. make parents less worried about the color pink
C. encourage girls to give up playing with pink toys
D. show people's different opinions about the color pink
D 篇 30.D
【分析】文章大意：文章从女孩的玩具大多是粉红色的，男孩的玩具大多是蓝色的或者深色的，向人们介绍了不同的人们对粉红色的不同观点。
30.写作意图题。通读全文可知大意是表达人们对粉红色的不同观点，故选D。
2020年杭州中考真题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。
B
Traffic
lights are red, yellow and green. They are very important signals (信号). Traffic lights
are usually placed at busy street corners to help control traffic. Sometimes,
they are on streets near schools and shops, too. Most young children are taught
what each of the colored lights means, so everybody can stay safe.
The
first traffic signals were used for trains. The signals were put alongside
railway tracks (轨道). The color red was used to mean "stop" because it warned
people of danger. A red light was also the easiest color to see from a
distance. Train drivers could see the red "stop" light ahead and had
enough time to slow down and stop their trains. A green light was used to mean "take
care" and a white light meant "go".
However,
there were many dangerous accidents on the train tracks. Some train drivers
thought a star shining in the night sky was a white light that meant "go"".
So the signals were swapped. The "go" light was changed to
green and the "take care" light was changed to white.
During
these times, people travelled by train or in carts pulled by horses. Years
later, when cars were built, people began to drive them because they could
travel much faster than horses. However, the road rules for drivers were not
very clear and many people were hurt crossing the roads. Yellow warning signs
had to be placed beside the roads to remind drivers to take care and allow
people to cross safely.
Today,
towns and cities all over the world have traffic lights. Red and green lights
match the signals used on the railways. Yellow lights are easy to see, so they
are used to warn drivers that they should slow down and prepare to stop.
（4）What is the passage mainly about
A．The advantages of traffic lights. B．The history of traffic lights.
C．The importance of traffic lights. D．The meanings of traffic lights.
C
A lot
of animals travel from one place to another. We call this migration.
In
Africa, large animals, like elephants and zebras, migrate to find food and
water. They usually follow the same ways every year.
A lot
of birds migrate to find food and better weather, too. They are usually birds
that eat insects. They spend the summer in northern Europe, because there are
lots of insects there. In the winter there aren't any insects, so the birds fly
south to southern Europe and Africa.
Some
insects migrate, too. In North America, millions of monarch butterflies fly
south to spend the winter in Mexico, California and Florida, where it's warmer.
They travel 50-65 km each day and they travel about 1, 125 km.
Some
fish migrate to breed (繁殖). Salmon (鲑鱼) can swim over 20, 000 km in
their life. They are born in rivers in Ireland, Scotland and other places in
northern Europe. The young fish swim down the river to the sea and into the
Atlantic Ocean. They live in the ocean until they are adults. Then they return
to the river where they were born. They lay their eggs in the river and then
they usually die. Salmon do this, because their eggs are safer in the river.
Other fish can't eat them.
Arctic
terns (北极燕鸥) travel the furthest when they migrate. They spend the summer in
the Arctic, but when winter comes they fly to the Antarctic, because it's
summer there. The next year they fly back to the Arctic again. In one year
these small birds travel 36, 000km from one end of the earth to the other and
back again. Nobody knows how they do it.
（4）The example of Arctic terns in the last paragraph is used mainly to show _________.
A．the distance of migration B．the purpose of migration
C．the direction of migration D．the time of migration
D
How
would you feel if someone decided to take away your park Well that's what's
happening in my community. There's a park that some people want to turn into a
golf course (高尔夫球场). Let me tell you why I think it's a bad idea.
First,
a park is meant to be for the whole community. Not everyone likes golf, so not
everyone will get to use the park. This isn't fair. A community park should
have open spaces for everyone to use.
Second,
to make way for the golf course, lots of playground equipment (设施) will have to be
moved or knocked down, which is a waste of time and money. It's also a waste of
perfectly good equipment. The swings, for example, will probably just end up as
litter.
Third,
what about giving young people something to do Not all kids are crazy about
golf. At the moment, the park has a skating place and a playground. These
attract lots of kids from the community. If you turn the park into a golf
course, these kids won't have anywhere to go and they won't have anything to
do.
This
means that they will stay at home and turn on a video game rather than get some
exercise. It also means that they might be out on the street causing trouble.
Wouldn't it be better to give them something to do at the park
Finally,
golf is expensive. Building a golf course and maintaining (维护)it costs a lot of
money. Who is going to pay to maintain the golf course What about those people
who can't afford to join a golf club That means that the golf course will only
be available to people with lots of money.
Turning
our park into a golf course is a bad idea. I suggest we have a community
meeting before plans go any further.
（4）What is the writer's purpose in writing this passage
A．To help carry out further plans.
B．To make the park more beautiful.
C．To encourage children to go skating.
D．To stop the golf course from being built.
【答案】（4）B
【知识点】社会历史类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要讲述了红绿灯的发展由来一一从火车上的演变到今天马路上能见到的交通信号灯。
（4）主旨大意题。由第二段开头 The first traffic signals were used for trains；到 第四段开头 During these times. .. Years later...；到最后一段开头 Today...,可知 文章以时间轴的顺序在介绍红绿灯的发展由来一从火车上的演变到今天马路上能见到 的交通信号灯，也即交通信号灯的历史，故选B。
【答案】（4）A
【知识点】说明文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了很多动物为了食物、天气、生产等原因而迁徙。
（4）段落大意题。根据最后一段第一句 Arctic terns travel the furthest when they migrate. 以及第四句 In one year these small birds travel 36, 000km from one end of the earth to the other and back again可知，本段主要讲了北极燕鸥的迁徙距离。故答案为A。
【答案】（4）D
【知识点】日常生活类；议论文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文从4个方面论述了把社区公园变成高尔夫球场的弊端，想要由此来阻止高尔夫球场的建设。
（4）写作目的题。文章主要从四个方面讲解了把社区公园变成高尔夫球场的弊端，从而阻止高尔夫球场的建设。故选D。
2021年杭州中考真题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。
B
Have you ever thought how important T﹣shirts are in your life？I don't mean expensive designer T﹣shirts，After all，just because you spend a lot of money on a shirt doesn't mean that it looks good. I'm talking about the T﹣shirts that say something about you，like where you've been，what you like，or what you think. Those are often the T﹣shirts that we feel the most comfortable in and that we wear again and again. I'm going to tell you about two T﹣shirts that I really，really love and explain why. I've been to London twice. The first time I went I saw this shirt in a souvenir（纪念品）shop and my dad bought it for me. I really loved the design and the colors. And it reminds me of something funny that happened. One day we were travelling around the center of London. We almost got lost，but we found our way — thanks to the picture on this T﹣shirt! Sometimes I've bought clothes that I've never worn or that I've only worn once or twice. But I've worn（and washed o）this T﹣shirt hundreds of times. I love music and I love Adele. I haven't seen many of my favorite artists live，but I bought this when I went to Adele's concert two years ago. It was a great concert and this is a great souvenir. And white T﹣ shirts go with anything，not just jeans! So，those are just two of my favorite T﹣shirts that tell a story. What about yours？
posted 16th April at 16：57 post a comment
I've never been to China and I don't know any Chinese，but one of my favorite T﹣shirts has the Chinese characters on it. One of the reasons that I like it is because I love the bright colors of the characters. And it has sentimental（情感）value. Last year，my brother studied in Beijing and he gave me this when he came home. Nuria Gil，Spain
7. What is the purpose of this blog？
A. To produce popular T﹣shirts. B. To make an ad for T﹣shirts.
C. To introduce favorite T﹣shirts. D. To offer a design for T﹣shirts.
D
When do children start to talk？If you ask a group of parents when this happened，most will say" around twelve months of age". They will probably even remember what the children said. Many parents keep a diary of their child's "first words"
We can never predict what a first word is going to be. Often it's the name for" mummy " or "daddy"，but it could just as easily be the word for an animal or a favorite toy. Everything depends on what has most caught the child's attention. But one thing is certain：after the first word，others come quickly. By 18 months，most children have learned about 50 words. By two，the total has risen to around 200.
Early words are actually one﹣word sentences. One of the first features（特征）of language a child learns well is to control the rise and fall of the voice to make the difference between stating and questioning. In English，daddy with a high rising tone（声调）means "is that daddy？" Daddy with a high falling tone means "There's daddy". Of course，only very basic meanings can be communicated using tones alone. So it soon becomes necessary to learn some grammar.
In English，grammar means learning to put words in different orders. Children have to see that mummy push is different from push mummy. They start practising such changes at around 18 months. By two，they have learned the basic patterns of word order，and we hear them saying such things as man kick ball and where daddy go.
What are the parents doing all his time？They're acting as teachers and they always have an active role to play in their child's language learning.
14. What's Paragraph 4 mainly about？
A. Word order. B. Word tones.
C. The first words. D. Correcting words.
7. C 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，得知文章分享了两个少年各自喜欢的T恤的故事。而根据those are just two of my favorite T﹣shirts that tell a story. What about yours？得知文章的目的就是想让我们分享自己最喜欢的T恤。
14. A 【解析】主旨大意类。根据第四段In English，grammar means learning to put words in different orders得知主要讲了英国孩子英语语法学习主要是学会词汇排序，即Word order。
2022年杭州中考真题
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中选出最佳选项。
C
Can anyone be an astronaut
Of course not. You don’t have to have a science degree but most astronauts do. Most of them are pilots too. Life in a spaceship is hard so you must have a healthy body and mind. You need to be easy-going, patient, and helpful to spend so much time in a small space with other people.
What’s the training like
People have to train for a year to learn how to stay healthy and safe. They practice space walking and living in zero gravity(重力). They train in difficult conditions to learn how to solve problems and to work in a team. Everyday tasks like eating, washing and sleeping can be difficult on a spaceship. There is no running water so you have to wash with wet tissues: it’s hard to enjoy the dry food that astronauts have to eat. And to sleep you must cover your eyes because the sun rises every 90 minutes on the International Space Station. You also have to tie yourself to something so you don’t fly away!
What health problems do astronauts have
Life in zero gravity causes changes to our bodies. Bones and muscles(肌肉) become thin and weak so you must do a lot of exercise in space to stay fit and to help the heart move blood around your body. Astronauts often get backache because you grow in space— up to 8 centimeters! It’s also common to have headaches and to feel sick, especially at the beginning. You must have vitamins to take the place of fresh fruit and vegetables. But you don’t have to put on sun cream because space suits protect your skin (皮肤).
Are you still interested
26.What is the text mainly about _______
A. What we need to know to become an astronaut.
B. Why young people are interested in space trips
C. What problems astronauts must solve in space.
D. Why we need to train hard before a space trip.
D
There are many different ways to solve a problem. One way is to be creative. People often think creative thinking is just for artists and designers, but this is not true. Dr. Edward de Bono, an expert in creative thinking and problem solving, has shown the world that using creativity to solve problems is very useful in business and in our communities, and will continue to be so in the future.
One example of creative thinking is the solution to a parking problem in a town center. In the areas close to stores, people can only park for 20 minutes. There are parking meters where people pay to park in these areas. However, the problem is that many people leave their cars there for longer than 20 minutes. Dr. Edward de Bono’s solution is to make a rule that all cars parked in these areas must keep their headlights on. Of course, drivers will want to return to their cars before their car batteries (蓄电池) die.
According to Dr. de Bono, people will need to use creative thinking more often in the future. To help people think more creatively, he designed the “Six Thinking Hats” system(系统). The system helps people think about a problem in different ways in order to find a solution. In the system, there are six imaginary hats of different colors. Each hat symbolizes a different way of thinking. For example, the white hat helps people consider the facts. The black hat is the most logical(有逻辑的) and helps people consider why a possible solution may not work. So, next time you have a problem in your community, think about it creatively, from different perspectives, and see what ideas you have.
27.What is the topic of the text
A. Being a creative artist in the community. B. Doing business successfully in the future.
C. Asking experts for some useful advice. D. Using creative thinking to solve problems.
28.Why is the example mentioned in Paragraph 2
A. To express a result. B. To describe a problem.
C. To support the topic. D. To list some numbers.
26.A
【解析】主旨大意题 根据文章的三个标题可知，选A最为恰当。B选项是根据文章最后一句设问的，但是文章本身并不是围绕为什么年轻人会对太空旅行感兴趣展开的。C选项是根据第三个黑标题下面的内容设问的，以偏概全，故C错；D选项是根据第二个黑标题下面的内容设问的，以偏概全，故D错；
27.D
【解析】主旨大意题；文章的第一段是Introduction，引出using creativity to solve problems is very useful in business and in our communities, and will continue to be so in the future.（使用创造性思维来解决问题在处理事务的时候是非常有用的，并且在未来仍将有用）第二段主要谈论的是 运用创造性思维解决停车问题的例子，从而说明创造性思维是有用的；第三段主要介绍利用“Six Thinking Hats”来帮助我们更有创造性地思考问题；
28.C
【解析】主旨大意题；根据第二段的第一句话可知。此处举这个例子就是为了证明创造性思维是有用的。
2023年杭州中考真题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。
C
Cyclocross is cross-country bicycle racing. Racers spend only part of a race on their bikes because only part of the two-mile race is smooth. Other parts of the race have the challenge of obstacles (障碍). When racers reach them, they can ride over them, or pick up their bikes and run.
To be a top racer, you must dismount without slowing down at all. To do this, swing your right leg over the bike seat. At the same time, move the bike away from your body. This makes room for your right foot to hit the ground next to your left foot. As your right foot nears the ground, take your left foot away from the bike. Put both feet on the ground and start running!
As soon as you are running, you have to decide what to do with your bike. You may shoulder it or lift it. It’s important to practice both skills. Sometimes you need to run fast and jump over some obstacles. As your feet hit the ground, you reach down and catch the bottom of your bike. Lift up carefully and keep the bike on your right shoulder while you run. Sometimes you may lift your bike. You catch the top of your bike. Then you lift the bike high enough to get over the obstacles and carefully put the bike on the ground.
After you have carried your bike across an obstacle, you will need to remount. As soon as your bike is on the ground, push off with your left leg, swing your right leg over the bike seat, and move into riding position. Remounting can be the hardest skill of cyclocross. You can learn by watching someone who remounts well.
Cyclocross is a great way to stay active and have fun. However, it can be dangerous. Make sure that you are well prepared. Then, you will just need to go!
11. What is the text mainly about
A. The skills of cyclocross racing. B. The history of cyclocross racing.
C. The records of cyclocross racing. D. The popularity of cyclocross racing.
D
We all enjoy being part of a group—there’s no better work than teamwork, right Actually, I disagree. Teamwork can be hard. In fact, it was so difficult that I left my office job and started working from home on my own. It’s a much better fit for me, and it has made me think about why teamwork can make our jobs harder rather than easier.
Personalities (个性) can make teamwork difficult. There’s often someone on the team that puts their needs first. The team often goes along with this person, whose ideas might not be the best, just the loudest. Just one difficult personality can make teamwork bine (结合) several challenging personality types, and it’s even harder.
Not having enough time together can also make teamwork challenging. For example, I was once on a team where we never had enough time to meet as a group. To successfully work as a team, you need time together—and lots of it.
A final reason teamwork is difficult is because there’s often no training on how to work on a team. You can’t just put people in a room and expect them to work well with each other. You need to build trust with your team members. Think of football players: They aren’t just given a ball and told to play. They practice, and they train.
Team can be hard, but working alone has its challenges, too. When my computer doesn’t work, I don’t have an IT person to turn to. When I have a great idea, I don’t have anyone to share it with to see if it really is a great idea. Don’t get me wrong—I still like my team of one and enjoy making all of the important decisions myself. But now I realize what was wrong with the teamwork I did in the past and how good teamwork could be if done correctly. And that’s useful information—because one day I might want to turn my ME TEAM into a WE TEAM.
15. What is the purpose of the text
A. To show the advantages of teamwork.
B. To tell the importance of teamwork.
C. To introduce the influence of teamwork.
D. To explain the difficulties of teamwork.
【答案】 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文主要介绍了越野自行车比赛的情况，以及成为一名顶级赛车手所要具备的技能。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了越野自行车比赛的情况，以及成为一名顶级赛车手所要具备的技能，故选A。
【答案】 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文主要解释了团队合作让工作变得困难的原因。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据主旨句“Teamwork can be hard… and it has made me think about why teamwork can make our jobs harder rather than easier.”可知，本文的目的是为了解释团队合作让工作变得困难的原因。故选D。
【限时训练】
嘉兴
My Olympic volunteering journey started last September. I was excited as I was myself a sports fan and my home country has not hosted a competition like this. It was a great chance for me to both watch and serve the Olympics.
After getting trained through the Internet and spending two weeks in quarantine (隔离), I began to volunteer inside the Wukesong Sports Center. The Center hosted ice hockey games for both men’s and women’s teams. My job was to guide the audience (观众) to their seats and answer their questions. I was wild with joy to be present and watch my first-ever Olympic games live, on the ice. All the games were interesting, and I watched them whenever my volunteering duties would allow.
In our free time, we had pleasant conversations. It was the best chance for us foreign students to learn more about the Chinese New Year celebrations, and this year, to celebrate it together with our Chinese friends. It was really a big festival. We had special Chinese dishes like dumplings, fish and spring rolls. I also tried to write Chinese characters.
I decided to make the most of the chance and introduce my African and Rwandan customs to other volunteers. I showed to them the real Africa that they had never seen on TV before. From geography to social life, I made them understand more about Africa by giving examples of my hometown. It was a great platform (平台) for us young people to share both our cultures and futures.
As an international volunteer for Beijing 2022, I was given a special experience to help others and more importantly, to learn about the spirit of the Winter Olympic Games. I’ll never forget it.
15．Why does the writer write the passage
A．To share his Olympic volunteering experiences.
B．To express the strong love for his home country.
C．To show the spirit of the Winter Olympic Games.
D．To spread African cultures to the rest of the world.
【答案】15．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲作者在2022年冬奥会做志愿者的经历。
15．主旨大意题。本篇文章主要是作者分享此次冬奥会的志愿者经历。故选A。
衢州
Imagine mountains held in silver water, shining in the spring sun. Summer sees the mountains turn green with growing rice. During autumn, these same mountains are gold, and in winter they are covered with white frost. These are the colours of the Longji Rice Terraces.
These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people in Guangxi. Work on the terraces took them hundreds of years from Yuan Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty. Reaching as far as the eye can see, these terraces cover tall mountains, often from the bottom to the very top.
So why did these people go to so much trouble to turn the mountains into terraces Firstly, there are few large, flat（平坦的）areas of land here. Building the terraces meant that they could increase more fields to grow rice. Secondly, the flat terraces catch the rainwater and stop the soil from being washed away.
But perhaps what is most meaningful is the way people have worked in harmony（和谐）with nature to make these terraces. The terraces are cleverly shaped, with hundreds of waterways that connect with each other. During the rainy season, it is along these waterways that rainwater moves down the mountains and into the terraces. The sun heats the water and turns it into vapour. This forms clouds and then rain falls down onto the mountain terraces once again.
Although modern technology could help produce more crops, these terraces still mean a lot to the local people. For them, traditions hold much value. This knowledge is passed down through families, which means that people continue to use ancient methods of farming to keep the terraces. Today, the Longji Rice Terraces receive high praise（赞扬）, and thousands of visitors come to enjoy this great wonder created by people and nature working together.
2．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．Why the farmers use the waterways to grow rice.
B．Why the farmers turn the mountains into terraces.
C．How people work in harmony with nature together.
D．How the local people protect crops in the rainy season.
4．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the text
A．To introduce the history of the terraces. B．To advise people to build more terraces.
C．To list the ways of improving technology. D．To praise the cleverness of the local people.
【答案】2．C 4．A
【导语】本文讲述了壮族和瑶族人修建的龙脊梯田。
2．段落大意题。分析第四段内容，尤其是“But perhaps what is most meaningful is the way people have worked in harmony（和谐）with nature to make these terraces.”可知，本段主要介绍人们如何与自然和谐相处，故选C。
4．主旨大意题。本文作者主要讲述了壮族和瑶族人修建的龙脊梯田，故选A。
金华
What is your dream job, a pilot or a policeman What do you hope your job is like Read the following stories and find more at www.cambridge.org/aw/cambridgeenglish.
The sweetest job Harry is only 12, but he is working for a sweet company. His job is probably the best in the company—the sweet tester. When a new sweet is invented, Harry eats it, writes a report about it and sends his report to the factory. And then a decision is made about whether to make the sweet or not. As a child, he’s too young to work for money. But he gets free sweets!
Desert Island Blogger Do you wish to live on an island and get paid Ben got such a job, but it was hard work! He had to live alone in a house（with a swimming pool）on Hamilton Island and spend every day swimming, exploring and relaxing. Then he had to write a blog to show his findings and feelings.
Sleeping on the job Usually, sleeping on the job is a big problem—if you fall asleep, you’ll lose the job! But Roisin was paid to sleep on the job. She slept in designer beds eight hours a day, every day for a month, and tested them to see what makes “a good night’s sleep”. In the end, Roisin had to write a report about the beds.
12．What is the passage mainly about
A．Interesting jobs. B．Wonderful places.
C．Kinds of factories. D．Life on an island.
【导语】本文主要介绍了三个有趣的工作。
12．主旨大意题。根据“What do you hope your job is like”以及文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了三个有趣的工作。故选A。
