2024届高考英语作文复习：书面表达句型汇总学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语作文复习：书面表达句型汇总学案（含答案） |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-03-13 09:26:50 | ||
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24年2月27日：书面表达：应用文和读后续写常用句型汇总
句型1： Doing...,主+谓... 或者 主+谓.., doing... (①表主动；②表进行) 句型2 : Done..., 主+谓... / 主+谓..., done... (①表被动；②表完成)
句型3: 动作链：主+谓1...，谓2...，and 谓3...
句型4：强调句型① it is/was +被强调部分 + that +其他 强调句型 ② It is/ was not until + 被强调部分+ that + 其它部分
句型5：with的复合结构：with + 宾语 + 宾补( adj/adv/介词短语/v-ing/v-ed/to do/ n) 句型6：独立主格结构：主1+谓语动词, 主2+ to do/v-ing/v-ed/n/adj/adv/介短 句型7: 形容词/形容词短语作状语 句型8：方式副词(ly)，主＋谓... 句型9：无灵主语 句型10：倒装句
句型1： Doing...,主+谓... 或者 主+谓.., doing...
1. Her dad was still conscious, yelling (yell), “One more try!”
2. "It's OK," Mama said, comforting (comfort) me with a hug.
3. Jane hugged Tom tightly, promising she would never quarrel with him any longer.
4. When we’re knocked down and can't move, we look up and see Jenny, struggling across to the field, dragging her buckets and carrying her pillow.
5. She stood beside a stand, watching a middle-aged man busy doing his business.
6. My father patted me on the shoulder, ___________________________________________(鼓励我永远不要放弃梦想).
7. We stood there hopelessly, ___________________________________________________(思考下一步做什么).
8. ________________________________________________(按照所给的建议), they set out to carry out the project.
9. After that, she began to persuade the manager,____________________________________________(祈求着并承诺着).
10. Jane waved her yellow blouse hard, _________________________________________________(希望被直升机看到).
句型2 : Done..., 主+谓... / 主+谓..., done...
1. Seated (seat) comfortably in the sofa, he couldn't help falling asleep.
Situated (situate) at the foot of the mountain, this village enjoys a beautiful environment.
3. Seen (see) from the top of the hill, the town looks more beautiful.
4. Inspired (inspire) by his works, I had some new ideas about my design.
5. Frightened (frighten) by the terrible noise in the night, the little girl didn’t dare to sleep her own room.(表示原因)
6. Asked (ask) why she did it, the monitor said it was her duty.(表示时间)
7. _____________________________(浇更多的水), these flowers could have grown better.(表示条件)
8.______________________________________________(对我所做的事情很满意), my teacher praised me in class.
9. _____________________________________________(长在肥沃的土壤里), these seeds can grow fast.
10.________________________________________(陷入沉思中), he didn't hear the bell.
11. ____________________________________________(对他的毅力印象深刻), the coach finally gave in with the warning," If you miss ONE game, you're out!"
句型3 : 动作链：主+谓1...，谓2...，and 谓3...
1. He looked up at the car, stepped into the road, and held up a hand to stop me.
2.She dashed forward, knelt down and gathered her son into her arms.
3. The singer glanced at the audience, took a deep breath and began to sing.
4. The children rushed excitedly to the lake, took off their clothes and jumped into the water.
5. My mom opened the purse, took out five dollars and handed it to the poor man.
6. Immediately, she _____________________________(立刻行动), ____________________(报名参加)the post on the advertisement and____________________________(耐心地等待).
7. She helped bandage knees, massaged backs and gave them talks.
8. She____________________(转过身) and ____________ the gun_________(把...指向) him and _________(开枪).
9. Wanting to appear friendly, I ____________________(弯下腰), ________________(捡起)the ball and _______________(把它扔回去) as hard as I could.
10. He _________________(站起来),_______________(走向)the window and ____________________(苦思冥想).
句型4：强调句型① it is/was +被强调部分 + that +其他 强调句型
1). He knew what had happened then.
It was then that he knew what had happened.
2). An excellent idea occurred to my mind at the crucial moment.
It was at the crucial moment that an excellent idea occurred to me.
3). Mr Smith’s kindness helped my family get over the difficulties. (对划线部分进行强调)
4).His attitude towards life made a positive difference to the community. (对划线部分进行强调)
5).We created a harmonious atmosphere with sincerity and faithfulness. (对划线部分进行强调)
6).What these individuals contribute to their places of work makes you realize how important they are.(对划线部分进行强调)
② It is/ was not until + 被强调部分+ that + 其它部分
1.He didn’t know what had happened until he go thome.
→It was not until he got home that he knew what had happened.
2.The idea of an international treaty was not proposed until the 1950s.
→It was not until the 1950s that the idea of an international treaty(条约) was proposed.
3.You won’t succeed until you try three times.
→It is not until you try three times that you will succeed.
4.She wasn’t introduced to Pierre Curie until the spring of that year.
→It was not until the spring of that year that she was introduced to Pierre Curie.
5.She didn't remember her appointment with the doctor until yesterday.
→It was not until yesterday that she remembered her appointment with the doctor.
6. I didn't realize she was a famous film star until/till she took off her dark glasses.
→______________________________________________________________________________
7.The students didn’t stop talking until the teacher came in.
→______________________________________________________________________________
8.I didn’t receive the manager’s reply until nearly a month later.
→______________________________________________________________________________
9.I didn’t find we had a lot in common until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks.
→______________________________________________________________________________
10.I didn’t find it really worthy of the reputation until I visited the place.
→ __________________________________________________________________ 直到我到桂林一看,果然名不虚传.
11.He didn’t show himself in his true colors until he gained power.
→______________________________________________________________________________
句型5：with的复合结构：with + 宾语 + 宾补( adj/adv/介词短语/v-ing/v-ed/to do)
一、with+宾语＋宾补(现在分词)
1.With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries.
2.With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.
3.With exams approaching, it's a good idea to review your class notes.
4.With the exams coming next week, I have no time for a social life.
5.I cycled off down the road _____________________________________(狗跟在后面).
6.He fell asleep _____________________________________(灯一直亮着).
7.____________________________________________, we found the village easily. (导游领着路)
8.The day was bright, _____________________________________. (吹着一股清风)
with+宾语＋宾补(过去分词)
I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.
He sat in the chair with his legs crossed.
He sat there __________________________________(眼睛闭着).
The kids were crying with the glasses broken.
_________________________________________________(所有的工作完成后), they hurried back home for lunch.
All afternoon he worked ____________________________________(锁着门).
1978 ended with nothing settled.
with +宾语+宾补(不定式 to do)
With no one to talk to, John felt miserable.
___________________________________________(有很多工作要做), he wasn't allowed to go out.
He was a high-earning broker(高收入的经纪人) with money to burn.
With all the work to do, I won't have tine to go out.
____________________________________________________(还有100米要跑), Jones and Saville are neck and neck.
With so many new animals to care for, larger funds were needed.
with+宾语＋宾补 (形容词)
1. I like to sleep with the windows open.
2._______________________________________(天气闷热), ten to one it’ll rain presently.
3.She was cycling along with her bicycle basket full of shopping.
4.The meeting ended on a sour note with neither side able to reach agreement.
5. Don’t speak______________________________________(嘴巴满满的).
with + 宾语 +宾补 (副词)
1.He fell asleep with the light on. 灯还亮着.
2.The boy stood there with his head down. 这个男孩低头站在那儿.
3.Stand with your legs apart and your weight evenly distributed. 双腿分开站立
4.With Habib away, Hassan’s attitude seemed to have changed. Habid不在
5. I was rushing along with my head down when I cannoned into an old lady walking the other way. 低着头
with + 宾语 +宾补(介词短语)
1.With the children at school, we can’t take our vacation when we want to.
2.The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.
3.The front door closed with a crash behind him.
4.The girl appeared again, now with a little baby on her back.
6.With so many strange faces around her, the baby started to cry.
句型6：独立主格结构
主1+谓语动词, 主2+ to do/v-ing/v-ed/n/adj/adv/介短
独立主格：填上单词的正确形式：
1). 逻辑主语+不定式
No one to wake(wake) me up, I might miss the train.
An important lecture to be given (give) tomorrow, the professor has to stay up late into the night.
2). 逻辑主语 + 现在分词
The guide leading (lead) the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
Weather permitting (permit), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.
3). 逻辑主语 + 过去分词
The task completed (complete), we had a global travelling.
When in trouble, Lucy would sit alone, head bent (bend).
4). 逻辑主语 + 名词
I received many gifts, many of them books.
Many students joined in the maths competition, most of them children of no more than ten.
5). 逻辑主语 + 形容词
The Trojans asleep(睡着的), the Greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden books.
This section of road slippery(滑的), every driver can never be too careful.
6). 逻辑主语 + 副词
Music over(结束), all the audience stood up with fits of applause. We fell asleep, all the lights on (开着).
7). 逻辑主语 + 介词短语
The teacher came in, a bag under his arm(胳膊下面). The boy went off, a pinwheel in his hand(在他手里).
第二组：把下列句子改为独立主格结构：
1).As the girl stared at him, he didn't know what to say.
______________________________________________, he didn't know what to say.
2).If time permits, we will go for an outing tomorrow.
__________________________________, we will go for an outing tomorrow.
3).As the problems were solved, the quality has been improved.
___________________________________, the quality has been improved.
4).Because her glasses were broken, she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.
__________________________________, she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.
5).When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
__________________________________, we began our holiday.
6).After the president was assassinated(刺杀), the whole country was in deep sorrow.
__________________________________, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
句型7: 形容词/形容词短语作状语
(表感情类的)形容词/形容词短语， 主 + 谓 主 + 谓，(表感情类的)形容词/形容词短语
第一组：形容词/形容词短语作状语
1). Eager and excited, she waved her hands, trying to attract others' attention.
2). To Annie’s delight, surrounded by his classmates, Mark seemed like a rock star, cheerful and proud.
3). Exhausted and scared, Jane lay down near a stone, missing her family.
4). And then they jumped, laughed and screamed, totally unaware of the people passing by.
5). Desperate and hopeless, Jane knelt down, tears streaming down her face.
6). She got disappointed and returned home, continuously angry at herself.
7). I stood in the living room doorway, absolutely shocked.
8). And then he ran off to play, unaware of the impact he'd had on me.
第二组：形容词/形容词短语作状语
The old woman sat in the chair, __________________________________ (一动不动，一言不发).
_______________________________(又累又饿), he dragged his heavy feet home at midnight.
After 10 hours of driving, he got home,________________________________ (安然无恙的).
The crime hid himself in the corner, afraid of being caught(害怕被抓住).
___________________________________(害怕困难), he preferred to take the easier task.
Old and young (年轻的年老的), everyone likes music.
_____________________(欣喜若狂), he rushed to the stage receiving the award that he won.
____________(成熟了的), these apples are literally sweet.
______________________________(无助且绝望), we watched the house being destroyed before our eyes.
He failed to get promoted, _________________________________________(非常沮丧).
They strolled in the thick forest, ___________________________________________(完全没有意识到前面的危险).
句型8：方式副词(ly)，主＋谓...
1)_____________ (gentle), she picked up the first baby, ran back outside and laid it on the sidewalk.
2) Quickly (quick), she followed the sound to a stream.
3) _________________ (curious), I asked why she helped me.
4) _________________(patient), father instructed us to put up the tent.
5) __________________(attentive),we listened to the teacher in class.
6) ________________(amazing), the boys recovered soon.
7) Fortunately(fortunate), the cat was still alive, though badly injured.
8) ___________________(incredible), his two friends didn’t came across the wolf.
9) Immediately(immediate), an absolute darkness ruled the forest.
10) ____________(polite) and ____________(excited), he asked Mrs Meredith to teach him how to make popcorn.
11)Slowly and painfully, Jack paced up and down in the room, lost in thought.
12) Silently, they listened, unaware of what had made her annoyed.
句型9：无灵主语
身心和情感状态的名词
a burst/wave/surge/rush/ripple/trace/sense/feeling of + n + 有灵动词 + sb
常见的有灵动词有：
抓住/攫住: seize /take hold of /get the better of... 袭来: sweep/ flood/ rush over
慢慢产生: creep on/upon影响: come over 击垮: defeat 掠过: run/pass through
吞噬；淹没: swallow/overwhelm/engulf
Examples:
① 一阵愤怒控制住了他。
② 一种恐惧感慢慢地向她袭来。
③ 一股喜悦与兴奋交织在一起的涟漪涌上我的心头。
④ 一种寒冷的感觉掠过他的心头，使他打了个寒战。
⑤ 然后一阵愤怒控制住了他。
主语：表示身体部位/音容笑的名词 + 有灵动词
①Jack’s face/eyes lit/brightened up(亮起来了). ②My fingers trembled with fury(气得发抖), so that I could not go on sweating. ③I was relieved when a bright, sweet voice interrupted Slowly a smile spread across her face. ④Tears of regret welled up in me. ⑤Tears were beginning to gather in her eyes. ⑥A frown stood on his face and his face clouded over(愁容).
3. 消极情绪的表达：
有灵动词: defeat; tear...into pieces; A gave way to B; sth deserted/escaped/visited sb等等;
①Suffering and despair defeated me, and I fell sobbing on the doorstep.
②Great despair tore me into pieces.
③Upon hearing what the teacher said, my frustration gave way to a trace of delight.
④It was at that moment that my confidence and encouragement deserted me .
⑤His name escaped me at that moment.
⑥A lot of trouble visited the poor family.
⑦The sight of the messy blender twisted my mom's face with rage.
⑧The door refused to close.
⑨His friend’s delighted look faded away.
Guilt/Shame/Regret mounted/multiplied/piled up.
4.具体名词/抽象性名词 + 得失型动词
n.+ 得失型动词(gain/get/save/fail/slip/elude/escape) + sb/sth
①我非常感谢大家对武汉的付出。(words做主语) Words failed to express my gratitude to everyone helping Wuhan.
②这个地方因这处美景出名。(the beautiful scenery做主语)
The beautiful scenery gained the place quite a reputation.
表时间和地点的名词 + 有灵动词
名词：地点名词the town/the place/the city 时间名词the following year... 有灵动词：see/ witness/ find/ tell + sth
Examples:
①The following days witnessed his tireless efforts to the sick children.
②The past sixteen years has witnessed the fast development of this school.
③The dusk found a boy wandering along the bank.
④Last week saw the launch of tug-of- war competition among all classes.
⑤Years of being monitor witnessed me a brilliant organizer.
⑥The summer holiday witnessed the “Meet the Chinese Opera” exhibition in the city museum, engaging interest of numerous visitors.
表自然现象等的名词 + 有灵动词
名词：fog; snow; night; earthquake; 有灵动词: fall; blanket(覆盖);envelope(笼罩); strike; hit; threaten; crash等
①暴风雨即将来临，但我们一直待在那里，直到雷电交加。
A storm was gathering, but we stayed there until thunder and lightning crashed.
②夜幕降临，风刮得更大了，由于天气寒冷，大家都躲进了室内。
Night fell, the wind grew stronger, and the freezing weather drove everyone inside.
③浓雾笼罩着整个大地。
Heavy fog blanketed the whole world.
句型10：倒装句
应用文和读后续写重要句型：倒装句
分类：完全倒装、部分倒装、特殊倒装
定义：
完全倒装：将句子中的谓语动词置于主语之前。
部分倒装：将谓语的一部分如助动词、情态动词或者be动词提至主语之前。
特殊倒装：as/though引导的让步状语从句
注意：助动词（do, does或did，have/has/had等）、情态动词（should/must/need等）、be动词(am, is, are, was, were)
完全倒装
为强调表语，在主系表结构中，表语前置，句子完全倒装“表语＋系动词＋主语”
Mr.Green and other guests were present at the party.
Present at the party were Mr.Green and other guests.
The days when we played games together with our partners are gone.
______________________________________________________________________ (换成倒装句)
Good study habits,useful skills and a positive attitude are of equal importance.
______________________________________________________________________ (换成倒装句)
地点副词here, there, 时间副词(now,then)方位副词out, in, up, down, away, off等置于句首时，且主语是名词，句子完全倒装。
There goes the bell. (完全倒装)
Here is your letter. (完全倒装)
Then came a new difficulty.(完全倒装)
Away went Tom . (完全倒装)
Out rushed a boy from the classroom.(完全倒装)
注意： there be句型完全倒装，但结构中的be可用lie,exist,stand,live,seem等动词代替，如：There stands an ancient tower at the top of mountain.
地点状语置句首，为避免头重脚轻，句子全部倒装。
把下面句子换为倒装句：
An old man stands under the tree. Under the tree stands an old man.
A beautiful temple stands on top of the mountain. On top of the mountain stands a beautiful temple.
A large, black chair sat in the corner of the room. ____________________________________________(换为倒装句).
A white cat sleeps under the table. ___________________________________________________(换为倒装句).
部分倒装
Only+状语(一般是介词短语或状语从句等)，且置于句首，后面部分语序要部分倒装。
①I know the truth then. Only then did I know the truth.
②You can learn English well in this way. Only in this way can you learn English well.
③He will always stay in bed when he is seriously ill. Only when he is seriously ill will he stay in bed.
练习：把下面的句子转换成倒装句 He realized the importance of English only then. ② Power Data will hold its advantage over other companies only by keeping down costs. ③ I realized how much I loved them only when I left my parents for Italy.
否定意义的词/短语/从句置于句首，句子部分倒装
口诀：不三不四（NO+3个词；4个句型）
否定词：never, seldom, little, few, not, nowhere, rarely
否定短语：by no means, at no time, in no way, in no sense, in no case, on no account, under no circumstances(绝不，决不)
1. She seldom has time to listen to music. Seldom does she have time to listen to music.
2. I will lend money to him under no circumstance. Under no circumstances will I lend money to him.
3.I have never seen such a moving film before. _______________________________________________(倒装句)
4. I hardly think it possible to finish the work before dark. _______________________________________________(倒装句)
否定句型：not only..but also, no sooner...than(刚...就), hardly/scarcely/barely... when(刚...就)
句型1：Not only… but also置于句首且连接两个并列的分句，第一个句子部分倒装，第二个句子正常语序but和also可以分开，also也可以省略。，遵循“前倒后不倒”的原则 She is not only a teacher, but also she is a singer. Not only is she a teacher, but also she is a singer. He not only refused the gift, but also he got very annoyed. ____________________________________________________________________ 注意：如果置于句首的not only… but also连接的是两个并列主语，不用倒装结构。例如： Not only you but also I am fond of music. 句型3：hardly /scarcely/barely....when...;no sooner …than ...“刚...就/几乎未来得及做就...”中， hardly/scarcely/no sooner置于句首，所在分句部分倒装句。 She had hardly gone out when a student came to visit her. Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. She had no sooner gone out than a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 注意：前半句（主句）用过去完成时，后半句（从句） 用一般过去时。
转换倒装句的步骤！第一步：否定词/否定短语/否定句型放句首 第二步：抽出”“助BE情” 第三步：其余照抄
练习：把下面的句子转换成倒装句 I knew little that you were Romeo. ____________________________________________________ I will never give up. _________________________________________________ He not only knows French, but also he is expert at it. ___________________________________________________ He had hardly begun to speak when people burst into laughter. He had no sooner arrived home than the dinner was over. _________________________________________________ The game had scarcely started when it began to rain. __________________________________________________
【课后练习】把下列句子换为倒装句
I have never seen a beautiful sunrise in my life.
She is not only a teacher, but also she is writer.
The nurses not only want a pay increase, but also they want to reduce ours as well.
He is able to achieve success only by working hard.
I discovered that having strong confidence is one of the biggest factor only after talking to my teacher.
She managed to escape from the rising flood waters only with the greatest of luck.
在so… that 和such...that的结构中，将so+adj/adv、such+名词短语置于句首时，遵循“前倒后不倒”
I was so addicted to learning that I often forget my dinners.
→So addicted was l to learning that I often forget my dinners.
Learning is such an addictive game that I often forget my dinners.
→Such an addictive game is learning that l often forget my dinners.
练习：把下面的句子转换成倒装句 1.He studied so hard that he got high marks in the test. →_______________________________ that he got high marks in the test. 2.He seems such a nice teacher that we all like him. →__________________________________________that we all like him. 3.He is so busy that he cannot go on a holiday. →______________________________that he cannot go on a holiday. 4.She is such a clever student that all the teachers like her. →_________________________________that all the teachers like her. 5. Her business was so successful that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere. →__________________________________________ that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere. 6. The earthquake was so sudden that it caused a lot of death. →___________________________________________ that it caused a lot of death.
特殊倒装1.as/though 引导的倒装句
as / though“尽管”引导的让步从句，可将要表语或状语提前 (一般是名词/形容词/副词/动词)
Boy as he is, he knows a lot.（名词）
Clever as he is, he is never proud of himself.（形容词）
Try as he might, he couldn’t find a job.（动词原形）
Try as he did, he couldn’t find a job.（动词过去式）
Much as I like it, I will not buy it.（副词）
Doing his homework as he is, he can’t help wanting to play computer games.(分词)
转换步骤：将名词(去冠词)、形容词、动词原形提到as/though前，其余照搬。形成“名/形/副/分词+as/though”+主语+谓语，...........”
注意：
当表语是名词的时，省略冠词a/an。
as引导的让步状语从句（“尽管”）必须倒装，though可倒可不倒，although不倒装
练习：把下面的句子转换成倒装句 Though his son is a child, he is able to stand on his own feet.(名词) Child though/as his son is, he is able to stand on his own feet. Though the storm was terrible,we continued our way.（形容词) Terrible though/as the storm was, we continued our way. Though the boy might try, he could not solve the problem.（动词） Try though/as the boy might, he could not solve the problem. Though it is raining hard, I am going out for a walk.（分词）Hard though/as it is raining, I am going out for a walk. Although he is a scientist, he wants to learn more.(用though/as) Scientist as/though he is, he wants to learn more. Although he is rich, he never buys some expensive things.(用though/as) Rich as/though he is, he never buys some expensive things. Although I tried, I failed again.(用though/as) Tried though/as I did, I failed again. Although he would try, he might fail again.(用though/as) Try as/though he would, he might fail again.
句型1： Doing...,主+谓... 或者 主+谓.., doing... (①表主动；②表进行) 句型2 : Done..., 主+谓... / 主+谓..., done... (①表被动；②表完成)
句型3: 动作链：主+谓1...，谓2...，and 谓3...
句型4：强调句型① it is/was +被强调部分 + that +其他 强调句型 ② It is/ was not until + 被强调部分+ that + 其它部分
句型5：with的复合结构：with + 宾语 + 宾补( adj/adv/介词短语/v-ing/v-ed/to do/ n) 句型6：独立主格结构：主1+谓语动词, 主2+ to do/v-ing/v-ed/n/adj/adv/介短 句型7: 形容词/形容词短语作状语 句型8：方式副词(ly)，主＋谓... 句型9：无灵主语 句型10：倒装句
句型1： Doing...,主+谓... 或者 主+谓.., doing...
1. Her dad was still conscious, yelling (yell), “One more try!”
2. "It's OK," Mama said, comforting (comfort) me with a hug.
3. Jane hugged Tom tightly, promising she would never quarrel with him any longer.
4. When we’re knocked down and can't move, we look up and see Jenny, struggling across to the field, dragging her buckets and carrying her pillow.
5. She stood beside a stand, watching a middle-aged man busy doing his business.
6. My father patted me on the shoulder, ___________________________________________(鼓励我永远不要放弃梦想).
7. We stood there hopelessly, ___________________________________________________(思考下一步做什么).
8. ________________________________________________(按照所给的建议), they set out to carry out the project.
9. After that, she began to persuade the manager,____________________________________________(祈求着并承诺着).
10. Jane waved her yellow blouse hard, _________________________________________________(希望被直升机看到).
句型2 : Done..., 主+谓... / 主+谓..., done...
1. Seated (seat) comfortably in the sofa, he couldn't help falling asleep.
Situated (situate) at the foot of the mountain, this village enjoys a beautiful environment.
3. Seen (see) from the top of the hill, the town looks more beautiful.
4. Inspired (inspire) by his works, I had some new ideas about my design.
5. Frightened (frighten) by the terrible noise in the night, the little girl didn’t dare to sleep her own room.(表示原因)
6. Asked (ask) why she did it, the monitor said it was her duty.(表示时间)
7. _____________________________(浇更多的水), these flowers could have grown better.(表示条件)
8.______________________________________________(对我所做的事情很满意), my teacher praised me in class.
9. _____________________________________________(长在肥沃的土壤里), these seeds can grow fast.
10.________________________________________(陷入沉思中), he didn't hear the bell.
11. ____________________________________________(对他的毅力印象深刻), the coach finally gave in with the warning," If you miss ONE game, you're out!"
句型3 : 动作链：主+谓1...，谓2...，and 谓3...
1. He looked up at the car, stepped into the road, and held up a hand to stop me.
2.She dashed forward, knelt down and gathered her son into her arms.
3. The singer glanced at the audience, took a deep breath and began to sing.
4. The children rushed excitedly to the lake, took off their clothes and jumped into the water.
5. My mom opened the purse, took out five dollars and handed it to the poor man.
6. Immediately, she _____________________________(立刻行动), ____________________(报名参加)the post on the advertisement and____________________________(耐心地等待).
7. She helped bandage knees, massaged backs and gave them talks.
8. She____________________(转过身) and ____________ the gun_________(把...指向) him and _________(开枪).
9. Wanting to appear friendly, I ____________________(弯下腰), ________________(捡起)the ball and _______________(把它扔回去) as hard as I could.
10. He _________________(站起来),_______________(走向)the window and ____________________(苦思冥想).
句型4：强调句型① it is/was +被强调部分 + that +其他 强调句型
1). He knew what had happened then.
It was then that he knew what had happened.
2). An excellent idea occurred to my mind at the crucial moment.
It was at the crucial moment that an excellent idea occurred to me.
3). Mr Smith’s kindness helped my family get over the difficulties. (对划线部分进行强调)
4).His attitude towards life made a positive difference to the community. (对划线部分进行强调)
5).We created a harmonious atmosphere with sincerity and faithfulness. (对划线部分进行强调)
6).What these individuals contribute to their places of work makes you realize how important they are.(对划线部分进行强调)
② It is/ was not until + 被强调部分+ that + 其它部分
1.He didn’t know what had happened until he go thome.
→It was not until he got home that he knew what had happened.
2.The idea of an international treaty was not proposed until the 1950s.
→It was not until the 1950s that the idea of an international treaty(条约) was proposed.
3.You won’t succeed until you try three times.
→It is not until you try three times that you will succeed.
4.She wasn’t introduced to Pierre Curie until the spring of that year.
→It was not until the spring of that year that she was introduced to Pierre Curie.
5.She didn't remember her appointment with the doctor until yesterday.
→It was not until yesterday that she remembered her appointment with the doctor.
6. I didn't realize she was a famous film star until/till she took off her dark glasses.
→______________________________________________________________________________
7.The students didn’t stop talking until the teacher came in.
→______________________________________________________________________________
8.I didn’t receive the manager’s reply until nearly a month later.
→______________________________________________________________________________
9.I didn’t find we had a lot in common until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks.
→______________________________________________________________________________
10.I didn’t find it really worthy of the reputation until I visited the place.
→ __________________________________________________________________ 直到我到桂林一看,果然名不虚传.
11.He didn’t show himself in his true colors until he gained power.
→______________________________________________________________________________
句型5：with的复合结构：with + 宾语 + 宾补( adj/adv/介词短语/v-ing/v-ed/to do)
一、with+宾语＋宾补(现在分词)
1.With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries.
2.With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.
3.With exams approaching, it's a good idea to review your class notes.
4.With the exams coming next week, I have no time for a social life.
5.I cycled off down the road _____________________________________(狗跟在后面).
6.He fell asleep _____________________________________(灯一直亮着).
7.____________________________________________, we found the village easily. (导游领着路)
8.The day was bright, _____________________________________. (吹着一股清风)
with+宾语＋宾补(过去分词)
I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.
He sat in the chair with his legs crossed.
He sat there __________________________________(眼睛闭着).
The kids were crying with the glasses broken.
_________________________________________________(所有的工作完成后), they hurried back home for lunch.
All afternoon he worked ____________________________________(锁着门).
1978 ended with nothing settled.
with +宾语+宾补(不定式 to do)
With no one to talk to, John felt miserable.
___________________________________________(有很多工作要做), he wasn't allowed to go out.
He was a high-earning broker(高收入的经纪人) with money to burn.
With all the work to do, I won't have tine to go out.
____________________________________________________(还有100米要跑), Jones and Saville are neck and neck.
With so many new animals to care for, larger funds were needed.
with+宾语＋宾补 (形容词)
1. I like to sleep with the windows open.
2._______________________________________(天气闷热), ten to one it’ll rain presently.
3.She was cycling along with her bicycle basket full of shopping.
4.The meeting ended on a sour note with neither side able to reach agreement.
5. Don’t speak______________________________________(嘴巴满满的).
with + 宾语 +宾补 (副词)
1.He fell asleep with the light on. 灯还亮着.
2.The boy stood there with his head down. 这个男孩低头站在那儿.
3.Stand with your legs apart and your weight evenly distributed. 双腿分开站立
4.With Habib away, Hassan’s attitude seemed to have changed. Habid不在
5. I was rushing along with my head down when I cannoned into an old lady walking the other way. 低着头
with + 宾语 +宾补(介词短语)
1.With the children at school, we can’t take our vacation when we want to.
2.The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.
3.The front door closed with a crash behind him.
4.The girl appeared again, now with a little baby on her back.
6.With so many strange faces around her, the baby started to cry.
句型6：独立主格结构
主1+谓语动词, 主2+ to do/v-ing/v-ed/n/adj/adv/介短
独立主格：填上单词的正确形式：
1). 逻辑主语+不定式
No one to wake(wake) me up, I might miss the train.
An important lecture to be given (give) tomorrow, the professor has to stay up late into the night.
2). 逻辑主语 + 现在分词
The guide leading (lead) the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
Weather permitting (permit), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.
3). 逻辑主语 + 过去分词
The task completed (complete), we had a global travelling.
When in trouble, Lucy would sit alone, head bent (bend).
4). 逻辑主语 + 名词
I received many gifts, many of them books.
Many students joined in the maths competition, most of them children of no more than ten.
5). 逻辑主语 + 形容词
The Trojans asleep(睡着的), the Greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden books.
This section of road slippery(滑的), every driver can never be too careful.
6). 逻辑主语 + 副词
Music over(结束), all the audience stood up with fits of applause. We fell asleep, all the lights on (开着).
7). 逻辑主语 + 介词短语
The teacher came in, a bag under his arm(胳膊下面). The boy went off, a pinwheel in his hand(在他手里).
第二组：把下列句子改为独立主格结构：
1).As the girl stared at him, he didn't know what to say.
______________________________________________, he didn't know what to say.
2).If time permits, we will go for an outing tomorrow.
__________________________________, we will go for an outing tomorrow.
3).As the problems were solved, the quality has been improved.
___________________________________, the quality has been improved.
4).Because her glasses were broken, she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.
__________________________________, she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.
5).When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
__________________________________, we began our holiday.
6).After the president was assassinated(刺杀), the whole country was in deep sorrow.
__________________________________, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
句型7: 形容词/形容词短语作状语
(表感情类的)形容词/形容词短语， 主 + 谓 主 + 谓，(表感情类的)形容词/形容词短语
第一组：形容词/形容词短语作状语
1). Eager and excited, she waved her hands, trying to attract others' attention.
2). To Annie’s delight, surrounded by his classmates, Mark seemed like a rock star, cheerful and proud.
3). Exhausted and scared, Jane lay down near a stone, missing her family.
4). And then they jumped, laughed and screamed, totally unaware of the people passing by.
5). Desperate and hopeless, Jane knelt down, tears streaming down her face.
6). She got disappointed and returned home, continuously angry at herself.
7). I stood in the living room doorway, absolutely shocked.
8). And then he ran off to play, unaware of the impact he'd had on me.
第二组：形容词/形容词短语作状语
The old woman sat in the chair, __________________________________ (一动不动，一言不发).
_______________________________(又累又饿), he dragged his heavy feet home at midnight.
After 10 hours of driving, he got home,________________________________ (安然无恙的).
The crime hid himself in the corner, afraid of being caught(害怕被抓住).
___________________________________(害怕困难), he preferred to take the easier task.
Old and young (年轻的年老的), everyone likes music.
_____________________(欣喜若狂), he rushed to the stage receiving the award that he won.
____________(成熟了的), these apples are literally sweet.
______________________________(无助且绝望), we watched the house being destroyed before our eyes.
He failed to get promoted, _________________________________________(非常沮丧).
They strolled in the thick forest, ___________________________________________(完全没有意识到前面的危险).
句型8：方式副词(ly)，主＋谓...
1)_____________ (gentle), she picked up the first baby, ran back outside and laid it on the sidewalk.
2) Quickly (quick), she followed the sound to a stream.
3) _________________ (curious), I asked why she helped me.
4) _________________(patient), father instructed us to put up the tent.
5) __________________(attentive),we listened to the teacher in class.
6) ________________(amazing), the boys recovered soon.
7) Fortunately(fortunate), the cat was still alive, though badly injured.
8) ___________________(incredible), his two friends didn’t came across the wolf.
9) Immediately(immediate), an absolute darkness ruled the forest.
10) ____________(polite) and ____________(excited), he asked Mrs Meredith to teach him how to make popcorn.
11)Slowly and painfully, Jack paced up and down in the room, lost in thought.
12) Silently, they listened, unaware of what had made her annoyed.
句型9：无灵主语
身心和情感状态的名词
a burst/wave/surge/rush/ripple/trace/sense/feeling of + n + 有灵动词 + sb
常见的有灵动词有：
抓住/攫住: seize /take hold of /get the better of... 袭来: sweep/ flood/ rush over
慢慢产生: creep on/upon影响: come over 击垮: defeat 掠过: run/pass through
吞噬；淹没: swallow/overwhelm/engulf
Examples:
① 一阵愤怒控制住了他。
② 一种恐惧感慢慢地向她袭来。
③ 一股喜悦与兴奋交织在一起的涟漪涌上我的心头。
④ 一种寒冷的感觉掠过他的心头，使他打了个寒战。
⑤ 然后一阵愤怒控制住了他。
主语：表示身体部位/音容笑的名词 + 有灵动词
①Jack’s face/eyes lit/brightened up(亮起来了). ②My fingers trembled with fury(气得发抖), so that I could not go on sweating. ③I was relieved when a bright, sweet voice interrupted Slowly a smile spread across her face. ④Tears of regret welled up in me. ⑤Tears were beginning to gather in her eyes. ⑥A frown stood on his face and his face clouded over(愁容).
3. 消极情绪的表达：
有灵动词: defeat; tear...into pieces; A gave way to B; sth deserted/escaped/visited sb等等;
①Suffering and despair defeated me, and I fell sobbing on the doorstep.
②Great despair tore me into pieces.
③Upon hearing what the teacher said, my frustration gave way to a trace of delight.
④It was at that moment that my confidence and encouragement deserted me .
⑤His name escaped me at that moment.
⑥A lot of trouble visited the poor family.
⑦The sight of the messy blender twisted my mom's face with rage.
⑧The door refused to close.
⑨His friend’s delighted look faded away.
Guilt/Shame/Regret mounted/multiplied/piled up.
4.具体名词/抽象性名词 + 得失型动词
n.+ 得失型动词(gain/get/save/fail/slip/elude/escape) + sb/sth
①我非常感谢大家对武汉的付出。(words做主语) Words failed to express my gratitude to everyone helping Wuhan.
②这个地方因这处美景出名。(the beautiful scenery做主语)
The beautiful scenery gained the place quite a reputation.
表时间和地点的名词 + 有灵动词
名词：地点名词the town/the place/the city 时间名词the following year... 有灵动词：see/ witness/ find/ tell + sth
Examples:
①The following days witnessed his tireless efforts to the sick children.
②The past sixteen years has witnessed the fast development of this school.
③The dusk found a boy wandering along the bank.
④Last week saw the launch of tug-of- war competition among all classes.
⑤Years of being monitor witnessed me a brilliant organizer.
⑥The summer holiday witnessed the “Meet the Chinese Opera” exhibition in the city museum, engaging interest of numerous visitors.
表自然现象等的名词 + 有灵动词
名词：fog; snow; night; earthquake; 有灵动词: fall; blanket(覆盖);envelope(笼罩); strike; hit; threaten; crash等
①暴风雨即将来临，但我们一直待在那里，直到雷电交加。
A storm was gathering, but we stayed there until thunder and lightning crashed.
②夜幕降临，风刮得更大了，由于天气寒冷，大家都躲进了室内。
Night fell, the wind grew stronger, and the freezing weather drove everyone inside.
③浓雾笼罩着整个大地。
Heavy fog blanketed the whole world.
句型10：倒装句
应用文和读后续写重要句型：倒装句
分类：完全倒装、部分倒装、特殊倒装
定义：
完全倒装：将句子中的谓语动词置于主语之前。
部分倒装：将谓语的一部分如助动词、情态动词或者be动词提至主语之前。
特殊倒装：as/though引导的让步状语从句
注意：助动词（do, does或did，have/has/had等）、情态动词（should/must/need等）、be动词(am, is, are, was, were)
完全倒装
为强调表语，在主系表结构中，表语前置，句子完全倒装“表语＋系动词＋主语”
Mr.Green and other guests were present at the party.
Present at the party were Mr.Green and other guests.
The days when we played games together with our partners are gone.
______________________________________________________________________ (换成倒装句)
Good study habits,useful skills and a positive attitude are of equal importance.
______________________________________________________________________ (换成倒装句)
地点副词here, there, 时间副词(now,then)方位副词out, in, up, down, away, off等置于句首时，且主语是名词，句子完全倒装。
There goes the bell. (完全倒装)
Here is your letter. (完全倒装)
Then came a new difficulty.(完全倒装)
Away went Tom . (完全倒装)
Out rushed a boy from the classroom.(完全倒装)
注意： there be句型完全倒装，但结构中的be可用lie,exist,stand,live,seem等动词代替，如：There stands an ancient tower at the top of mountain.
地点状语置句首，为避免头重脚轻，句子全部倒装。
把下面句子换为倒装句：
An old man stands under the tree. Under the tree stands an old man.
A beautiful temple stands on top of the mountain. On top of the mountain stands a beautiful temple.
A large, black chair sat in the corner of the room. ____________________________________________(换为倒装句).
A white cat sleeps under the table. ___________________________________________________(换为倒装句).
部分倒装
Only+状语(一般是介词短语或状语从句等)，且置于句首，后面部分语序要部分倒装。
①I know the truth then. Only then did I know the truth.
②You can learn English well in this way. Only in this way can you learn English well.
③He will always stay in bed when he is seriously ill. Only when he is seriously ill will he stay in bed.
练习：把下面的句子转换成倒装句 He realized the importance of English only then. ② Power Data will hold its advantage over other companies only by keeping down costs. ③ I realized how much I loved them only when I left my parents for Italy.
否定意义的词/短语/从句置于句首，句子部分倒装
口诀：不三不四（NO+3个词；4个句型）
否定词：never, seldom, little, few, not, nowhere, rarely
否定短语：by no means, at no time, in no way, in no sense, in no case, on no account, under no circumstances(绝不，决不)
1. She seldom has time to listen to music. Seldom does she have time to listen to music.
2. I will lend money to him under no circumstance. Under no circumstances will I lend money to him.
3.I have never seen such a moving film before. _______________________________________________(倒装句)
4. I hardly think it possible to finish the work before dark. _______________________________________________(倒装句)
否定句型：not only..but also, no sooner...than(刚...就), hardly/scarcely/barely... when(刚...就)
句型1：Not only… but also置于句首且连接两个并列的分句，第一个句子部分倒装，第二个句子正常语序but和also可以分开，also也可以省略。，遵循“前倒后不倒”的原则 She is not only a teacher, but also she is a singer. Not only is she a teacher, but also she is a singer. He not only refused the gift, but also he got very annoyed. ____________________________________________________________________ 注意：如果置于句首的not only… but also连接的是两个并列主语，不用倒装结构。例如： Not only you but also I am fond of music. 句型3：hardly /scarcely/barely....when...;no sooner …than ...“刚...就/几乎未来得及做就...”中， hardly/scarcely/no sooner置于句首，所在分句部分倒装句。 She had hardly gone out when a student came to visit her. Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. She had no sooner gone out than a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 注意：前半句（主句）用过去完成时，后半句（从句） 用一般过去时。
转换倒装句的步骤！第一步：否定词/否定短语/否定句型放句首 第二步：抽出”“助BE情” 第三步：其余照抄
练习：把下面的句子转换成倒装句 I knew little that you were Romeo. ____________________________________________________ I will never give up. _________________________________________________ He not only knows French, but also he is expert at it. ___________________________________________________ He had hardly begun to speak when people burst into laughter. He had no sooner arrived home than the dinner was over. _________________________________________________ The game had scarcely started when it began to rain. __________________________________________________
【课后练习】把下列句子换为倒装句
I have never seen a beautiful sunrise in my life.
She is not only a teacher, but also she is writer.
The nurses not only want a pay increase, but also they want to reduce ours as well.
He is able to achieve success only by working hard.
I discovered that having strong confidence is one of the biggest factor only after talking to my teacher.
She managed to escape from the rising flood waters only with the greatest of luck.
在so… that 和such...that的结构中，将so+adj/adv、such+名词短语置于句首时，遵循“前倒后不倒”
I was so addicted to learning that I often forget my dinners.
→So addicted was l to learning that I often forget my dinners.
Learning is such an addictive game that I often forget my dinners.
→Such an addictive game is learning that l often forget my dinners.
练习：把下面的句子转换成倒装句 1.He studied so hard that he got high marks in the test. →_______________________________ that he got high marks in the test. 2.He seems such a nice teacher that we all like him. →__________________________________________that we all like him. 3.He is so busy that he cannot go on a holiday. →______________________________that he cannot go on a holiday. 4.She is such a clever student that all the teachers like her. →_________________________________that all the teachers like her. 5. Her business was so successful that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere. →__________________________________________ that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere. 6. The earthquake was so sudden that it caused a lot of death. →___________________________________________ that it caused a lot of death.
特殊倒装1.as/though 引导的倒装句
as / though“尽管”引导的让步从句，可将要表语或状语提前 (一般是名词/形容词/副词/动词)
Boy as he is, he knows a lot.（名词）
Clever as he is, he is never proud of himself.（形容词）
Try as he might, he couldn’t find a job.（动词原形）
Try as he did, he couldn’t find a job.（动词过去式）
Much as I like it, I will not buy it.（副词）
Doing his homework as he is, he can’t help wanting to play computer games.(分词)
转换步骤：将名词(去冠词)、形容词、动词原形提到as/though前，其余照搬。形成“名/形/副/分词+as/though”+主语+谓语，...........”
注意：
当表语是名词的时，省略冠词a/an。
as引导的让步状语从句（“尽管”）必须倒装，though可倒可不倒，although不倒装
练习：把下面的句子转换成倒装句 Though his son is a child, he is able to stand on his own feet.(名词) Child though/as his son is, he is able to stand on his own feet. Though the storm was terrible,we continued our way.（形容词) Terrible though/as the storm was, we continued our way. Though the boy might try, he could not solve the problem.（动词） Try though/as the boy might, he could not solve the problem. Though it is raining hard, I am going out for a walk.（分词）Hard though/as it is raining, I am going out for a walk. Although he is a scientist, he wants to learn more.(用though/as) Scientist as/though he is, he wants to learn more. Although he is rich, he never buys some expensive things.(用though/as) Rich as/though he is, he never buys some expensive things. Although I tried, I failed again.(用though/as) Tried though/as I did, I failed again. Although he would try, he might fail again.(用though/as) Try as/though he would, he might fail again.