江苏省南京市金陵中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期末英语试卷(含答案)

2022-2023学年高一上学期南京市金陵中学期末英语试卷
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
If you are ready to take your water adventures, the touring kayak（#E）may be for you. Check out our new Spring Group Kayaking Tour and join us for some fresh air and exercise!
Group Kayak Fitness
Suitable for experienced paddlers only. The kayak is bigger than the ordinary one to suit for the open waters. It also features other parts that will make your travels easier and safer. Coffee tea is not currently provided, but you can certainly bring your own in a reusable cup! $90 per class with a 10% discount for group booking.
Please email Laura@. au for details on how to purchase a 10 class pass.
Social Paddle
Suitable for all levels of fitness. Many people like to team up and go kayaking for several days in group. It is safe if you travel in numbers, because the kayak is designed heavier and larger, it could be very difficult to turn over. This two-day tour enables you to enjoy a night by an open fire and combine some other hobbies such as photographing and bird watching. But remember to carry all the necessary equipment needed to make your trip a safe and exciting one. $160 per class.
Please email Susan@ . au for details on how to purchase a 10 class pass.
Clean-up Kayak Tour
Suitable for all levels of fitness. This two-mile round-trip paddle is a chance to explore the Lavender Bay and experience the wildlife while the site is closed to the public. It is a great way to try kayaking, get outside for some gentle exercise and help the surroundings at the same time. $50 per tour.
Please email Jenny@ . au for details on how to purchase a 10 class pass.
Sunrise Kayak and Coffee
Suitable for beginners. It's perfect for those who are fairly newto kayaking, as well as more experienced kayakers who enjoy and appreciate the calmness of the early mornings and a good coffee. Paddlers will experience a unique side to Sydney Harbour and learn some of the history of Sydney. Lots of tourist stops for photos and stories are waiting for you. $145 per person, per tour.
Please email Anna@ . au for details.
21. Which tour is suitable for people who are concerned about the environment
A. Group Kayak Fitness. B. Social Paddle.
C. Clean-up Kayak Tour. D. Sunrise Kayak and Coffee.
22. What makes Social Paddle different from other tours
A. Group booking can have a discount.
B. It is suitable for inexperienced paddlers.
C. Lavender Bay is one of the stops in this tour.
D. The paddlers can enjoy overnight gatherings.
23. Where is the text probably taken from
A. A geographic magazine B. A historical book
C. A travel brochure D. An adventure fiction
B
J.K. Rowling frequently shows there is magic every day. Her Harry Potter series has helped people through times of stress and depression and she is always there to deliver wise words of encouragement.
She is one celebrity who is very active on Twitter. So when a single dad named Matt Burke sent her a message thanking her for the series, she noticed. Her series had helped strengthen his relationship with his 9-year-old daughter Bailey.
He included a link to his article titled Being a Broke Parent, He explained how he hadn't found a level of financial stability that allowed him to pay bills on time and take his daughter on more activities and events. The family also doesn't have the Internet or TV, which means there's no "digital babysitter", and he has to rely on his own creative ways to bond with his daughter. Since he received the series, the main thing that has occupied them these days is reading books together.
Burke admits that he thought he was "too cool" for the books when they first came out and he was in his twenties, but he's loving reading them now. "We switch off chapter by chapter reading them out loud," Burke explains. "This not only allows her to get more used to reading aloud in front of someone, but it gets me directly involved in something she loves, and it gives me the chance to be very dramatic when I read my chapters and bring myself into the characters in the book, which has proven to be a ton of fun."
After hearing Burke's story, Rowling said how honored she was when Harry Potter was a part of his family's life and offered Burke more signed books, Besides, people are also offering to send Burke more books as gifts. For Burke, this experience, far more than gifts, will be what he treasures.
24. Why did Burke thank J.K. Rowling according to the text
A. She guided him how to write a good story.
B. She encouraged him when he was in trouble.
C. Her books helped him through times of confusion.
D. Her books helped him improve his bond with his daughter.
25. What is implied in Burke's words in Paragraph 4
A. He has found it interesting to read the series.
B. He was too old to understand the series better.
C. He has chosen a better way of reading the series.
D. He hopes to play a role in the drama in the future.
26. Which word can best describe Burke's experience according to the text
A. Unique. B. Normal. C. Precious. D. Funny.
27. What is the main idea of this text
A. J.K. Rowling chooses to help improve kids' health.
B. J.K. Rowling gives a magical gift to a single father.
C. J.K. Rowling has a deep influence on others' growth.
D. Burke comes to know J.K. Rowling through her series.
C
If you have a high temperature or are recovering from heart surgery, it is difficult to be fully focused at work. Sick days are meant to prevent people from hurting themselves, their co-workers, or customers on the job. However, working from home has changed this logic.
The work-from-home revolution has raised the bar for what counts as being sick. At the height of the pandemic, people worked from home even with serious symptoms such as fever, shortness of breath or nausea. Many still do. Nicholas Bloom of Stanford University has been tracking work-from-home habits since before the Covid-19 popularized them. In a recent working paper, he presents the results of a randomized controlled trial（随机对照实验）at a large multinational company, where sick days fell by 12% for employees working from home two days a week relative to those coming in full time.
To be in bed not doing anything means discomfort both physically and mentally. Salaried workers, who are often evaluated on the basis of their attendance, find it hard to call in sick for a few days now that they don't need to worry about spreading germs in the office. For high-achievers, putting in the hours is not a chore but a way of life. As the economic recession（萧条）puts future job security into question, showing yourself to be useful becomes even more important.
Though all this is understandable, it is also troubling. Being even mildly sick can impair brain function. It is difficult to exercise proper judgment if one cannot focus on the task at hand. It is why people with lower oxygen concentration sometimes remove protective clothes atop Mount Everest；some freeze to death. Sending emails while feeling dizzy will put the body under further stress. Soldiering on（硬挺）may make the employee both sicker and less productive for longer. Digital presenteeism, for that is what such persisting leads to, is in no one's interest.
28. How has the work-from-home revolution affected employees
A. It has heightened their enthusiasm.
B. It has made it harder to ask for sick leave.
C. It has popularized relevant studies.
D. It has improved their welfare.
29. What can we learn from the study of Nicholas Bloom
A. Whether to take a sick or not is a random choice.
B. The Covid-19 has popularized work-from-home habits.
C. Those who work full time in office tend to get more sick leave.
D. Work-from-home habits mostly happen in big companies.
30. What might be the biggest concern for the salaried workers on a medical leave
A. Endangering their current jobs.
B. Bringing germs to the office.
C. Failing to be high-achievers.
D. Feeling uncomfortable in bed.
31. What will the author probably talk about next
A. The importance of staying healthy.
B. The future of flexible working habit.
C. The proper attitude towards taking a sick leave.
D. The benefits of working from home.
D
Plastic---Eating Worm
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that ends up in landfills（垃圾填埋场）, and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms（幼虫）.
Researchers in Spain and England found that the worms of the greater wax moth（大蜡螟）can break down polyethylene（聚乙烯）, which accounts for 40% of plastics.
That is to say, part of plastics can be consumed by this kind of worms. The team left 100 wax worms on a plastic shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste（糊状物）and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass---apparently broken down by enzymes（酶）from the worms' stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology.
Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food ---beeswax---also allows them to break down plastic. "Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon---carbon bond, is there as well," she explains. "The wax worm developed a method or system to break this bond."
Jennifer Debruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify where the enzyme comes from. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes（肠道微生物）
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help make use of the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process---not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”
32. What can we learn about the worms in the study
A. They take plastics as their everyday food.
B. They can consume plastics.
C. They end up in landfills.
D. They are new creatures.
33. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .
A. prove the research findings
B. discover other kinds of worms
C. increase the breakdown speed
D. find out the source of the enzyme
34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .
A. help to raise worms
B. help make plastic bags
C. be used to clean the oceans
D. be produced in factories in future
35. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
B. To present a way to break down plastics.
C. To introduce the diet of a special worm.
D. To explain a study method on worms.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Can you remember a time when somebody was kind to you Perhaps a person allowed you to go in front of them in a queue. Maybe your sister phoned you to ask how your week was going. Or perhaps a stranger or a friend helped you in a much deeper way. （36）
Few people would disagree with the idea that a kind action is good for the soul. It is a win-win situation, leading to a sense of well-being for both the receiver and the giver. As a simple example, let's imagine you have a workmate who always does a very good job. （37） Your workmate will be happy to receive some praise and, in addition, you will probably feel good about yourself for having spread a little joy.
（38） The idea behind this is that it doesn't take any major plan to be kind, just a little bit of effort. They believe that kindness can be taught and that it is contagious（有感染力的）. So by being kind to others, a more bright community and world will be created.
Some websites suggest more imaginative ways to show kindness. （39） The first is interpersonal kindness. Some examples are donating old clothes to charity or writing a positive online comment about a restaurant that you like. The second is environmental kindness, which could mean simply recycling or organizing a group event to clean a local park or beach. The third category is less obvious: personal kindness, which means treating yourself kindly. Some examples are taking a walk in nature or setting yourself an objective to complain less. (40)
A. Doing something good can be very hard.
B. You praise it and show your admiration.
C. Generally, these fall into three categories.
D. Offering kindness can bring happiness.
E. There are a million ways to offer kindness.
F. People are encouraged to do random acts of kindness.
G. If you are kind to yourself，you will naturally be kinder to others.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Martin Strel knows a thing or two about rivers. He has been swimming in them 41 he was a young boy. Although he holds five world records in marathon swimming, he is best known for using his sport to raise 42 of water pollution. After years of swimming in dirty water, he decided he had to do 43 . He began to swim to 44 "peace, friendship and clean water". He hopes to see 45 laws strengthened.
So far, he has swum in many of the world's most famous rivers. In 2000, he 46 to swim in Europe's second longest river, the Danube. He swam 1,866 miles in 58 days and 47 a world record for long-distance swimming. In 2002, Strel swam in the Mississippi River and 48 a distance of 2,360 miles in 68 days. In 2007, he swam 3,274 miles of the Amazon River in 66 days. Most of the 49 in the Amazon comes from harmful chemicals used in gold mining and oil leaks from 50 maintained boats. He became very weak and 51 42 pounds. In order to continue swimming, he had to be carried in and out of the 52 .
Still, Strel plans to 53 swimming for peace, friendship and clean water, but he would prefer to do it in the ocean. 54 , the world's rivers are simply too dirty. He 55 a day when everyone can go swimming in clean water.
41. A. before B. when C. since D. until
42. A. importance B. significance C. image D. awareness
43. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
44. A. promote B. permit C. perform D. perceive
45. A. political B. economic C. commercial D. environmental
46. A. refused B. failed C. tended D. managed
47. A. kept B. accessed C. held D. set
48. A. covered B. contained C. expanded D. extended
49. A. population B. poison C. pressure D. pollution
50. A. well B. poorly C. carefully D. instantly
51. A. gained B. weighed C. lost D. got
52. A. area B. hospital C. lake D. water
53. A. give up B. take up C. carry out D. keep on
54. A. First of all B. At last C. After all D. What's more
55. A. dreams of B. calls for C. opens up D. puts forward
第二节 语法填空（共10题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）
Chinese scientists have created starch（淀粉）using carbon dioxide, hydrogen and electricity, according to a most recent study（56） was published in the journal Science on Sept 24.
It's the first time in the world that synthesis（合成）of starch from CO2（57） （achieve）. Scientists believe it will have a（58） （revolution）impact on future agricultural production and bio-manufacturing.
According to Ma Yanhe, （59） author of the study, the process of plants（60） （create）carbohydrates like starch through photosynthesis（光合作用）is complex and（61） （efficient）, which takes a plant about 60 steps of metabolic（新陈代谢的）reactions to turn CO2, water and sunlight into starch. But now Chinese scientists have simplified the process from 60 steps into 11.
Creating carbohydrates more efficiently is so important for（62） （sustain）on Earth, noted China Daily. If such an approach can be scaled up（扩展）to the level of industrialization, it（63） （save）more than 90 percent of the farm land and freshwater resources, and avoid negative effects on the environment（64） pesticides and chemical fertilizers（肥料）, and it will improve food（65） （secure）and promote sustainable societies, according to Cai Tao, another author of the study.
第三节：单词填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
66. Despite his lack experience, he got the job.
67. A lot of people make the （assume）that poverty only exists in the third world.
68. The players had to change their daily （常规）and lifestyle.
69. I stopped at the square and got out to （伸展）my legs.
70. We acquire wisdom from our ancestors, which we can apply our daily life.
71. As a matter of fact, there exists a good way to solve the （exist）problem.
72. Seeing the girl struggling in the lake, he threw himself in the icy water without （hesitate）, and saved her from drowning.
73. We must do what we can to prevent the rivers from （pollute）by factories
74. People have a （tend）to place too much emphasis on what experts say.
75. Chinese New Year is a （celebrate）marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假如你是李华，你校计划举办介绍中国传统文化的主题班会，并在英文网站上展示。请你给外国友人 Chris 写封信，向他了解哪些中国传统文化更吸引外国朋友。内容包括：
1. 阐明写信事由；
2. 征求建议；
3. 表达感谢。
注意：
1·字数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Chris,
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One day I got stuck in the Tube on my way to work.
The Tube---that's what most people call it---is London's underground railway system.
It was about nine o'clock in the morning, the middle of the rush-hour. Nobody had expected something unusual would happen later and everyone was doing their usual：a pretty girl gave her boyfriend sweet kisses one after another. Sitting next to me, a young woman with a suitcase and a baby took a scarf, out of her suitcase and made her baby a nest, so that it could lie more comfortably. In fact, the train had just left Green Park Station when, instead of speeding up, it started to slow down and then came to a stand-still.
Ten minutes passed, though it seemed like half a day. the train didn't move. Had the railway men forgotten all about our existence Had there been a crash on the line in front How serious was the breakdown We had no means of knowing. However, to anxious people who are stuck in the Tube, I suppose it doesn't really matter what it is that has broken down. What they care is when they can get out of the trouble.
Twenty minutes passed. All hope of getting to work on time had long since gone. Had the train really broken down Several people thought so, but they were wrong. A railway man at last came down the length of the train to tell us that the power supply had failed, and that we were not to worry as they were working to put it right.
We could not leave the train, as it had stopped in the tunnel（隧道）, not at a station. There was nothing else to do. The weak signal disabled cellphones. Besides, the train was getting hot and stuffy（闷）. I even began to wonder if we were going to stay there for the rest of the day.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右：
2·请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The hopeless waiting in the darkness drove us crazy.
As a commuter（上班族）who traveled to work on the train every day, I thought it my duty to do something.
2022-2023学年高一上学期南京市金陵中学期末英语试卷
参考答案
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 阅读
21-23 CDC 24-27 DACB 28-31 BCAC 32-35 BDDB
第二节 七选五
36-40 EBFCG
第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 完形填空
41-45 CDBAD 46-50 DDADB 51-55 CBDCA
第二节 语法填空
56. which 57. has been achieved 58. revolutionary 59. an
60. creating 61. inefficient 62. sustainability 63. will save
64. from 65. security
第三节 单词填空
66. of 67. assumption 68. routine 69. stretch
70. to 71. existing 72. hesitation 73. being polluted
74. tendency 75. celebration
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作
Dear Chris,
How are you doing these days I'm writing to ask you some advice.
In order to promote Chinese traditional culture and post some class meetings on English websites, our school is going to organize class meetings, the theme of which is traditional Chinese culture. We can choose a variety of themes, such as calligraphy, martial arts, oil paintings, papercutting and so on. I'm wondering if you could let me know which of them you like best and which of them people from outside of China are more likely to be interested in.
Thank you for your help. I'd appreciate it if you could reply to me at your earliest convenience.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写
The hopeless waiting in the darkness drove us crazy. We could not bear the heat inside the train any longer. Those standing by the windows attempted to open them to let in fresh air but ended up in failure. The impatient complaints were mixed with angry punches on the wall, which made the baby in the comfortable nest burst out crying.
As a commuter who traveled to work on the train every day, I thought it my duty to do something. Clearing my throat, I picked up my courage and started a song for the baby as well as for everyone out there: Twinkle, twinkle, little star, how I wonder what you are… Unexpectedly, my neighboring passengers joined me immediately they heard me. Then, more and more passengers joined in the song. When we finished the song in chorus, a cheer went up. Because the light flashed and the train moved slowly off towards the next station. At the same time, I could see our faces lit up.