2024届高三英语二轮语法复习介词导学案-（无答案）

一轮英语语法之四：介词
【预习案】
什么是介词
介词（preposition 简写prep.）又称作前置词，表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系。
介词的特点：
量少、词形简单，但不能独挡一面，必须与其余的词结合使用。
介词主要考____________
与动词搭配
look ______________; ask ___________; judge __________
regard… _________; protect…________; divide…_______
② 与______________搭配
be familiar _________; be good ________; be anxious ___________
③ 与之前的名词的搭配
a lack _____ food; have access _______ sth. a desire _______ sth.
④ 与之后的名词的搭配
________ the same time; _____ the meanwhile; ______ a speed of
必须接宾语。
介词后必须接宾语，但是通常不能接副词、that从句（except,but,in除外）、不定式作宾语。
She is quick at ______________ (learn) languages.
He was surprised at ________ she said.
Suddenly he came out from ___________________. 他突然从门后出来。
I know nothing about him except _________ he is from Paris.
I saw him go _______________ (去了楼上).
介词短语的语法功能
介词及其宾语合称为介词短语，介词短语在句中可以充当 状语、
The house is in fairly good condition. __________
He is a man with a kind heart. __________
The cold kept him in bed for three days. __________
Don’t walk on the grass. __________
*From nine to twelve is my busiest time of a day. __________
*A man stepped out from behind the wall. __________
介词的分类
单一介词：
at , in ,of ,by , about , for, from , except , since, near, with 等
复合介词：
inside, outside , onto, into, throughout, without , as to, as for, except for 等。
短语介词：
instead of, by means of, on behalf of, in favor of, in regard to, at the cost of 等
常见的介词
表示时间介词
at, in, on 表示时间点和时间段 by 不迟于，到……时为止
after 在……之后后 before在……之前
for 表示一段时间 during 在……期间
within在……期间，不超过 since自从…
throughout 贯穿……期间 until/till 直到
from…to… 从……到 between在…之间
over 在……期间，过完一段时间
表示方位的介词
into进入 out of从……出来
along沿着 against 靠着
towards向或朝着 to到或向
from从 up沿……而上
off从……离开或下来 at朝着或向着
for到…去 down沿..而下
at在某一点或在(某物)旁 in在某一范围内
on在某物的表面上 between在(两者)之间
above在……的上头或高出 below在…下面或低于
among在(多者)之中 near在……的附近
inside在……的里面 outside在……的外面
before在……之前 behind在……的后面
over在……的上方或上面 under在……的下面或下方；
beside/by在……的旁边 across在……的对面或那一边
by/past从某人或某物的旁边经过 over从某人或某物的上空经过
through从某事物的里面经过 (a)round 围饶着或在……的各处
beyond在……的那一边，远于，超过(某事物的范围)
表示原因的介词有 because of, owing to, due to, for, with, at ( at常放在表示情感变化后的动词、形容词或名词后表示原因，相当于“听到或看到” )等。
表示方式、方法或手段的介词有
by 乘、坐、骑(接交通工具), 靠、通过
with用(具体的工具)，和……一起；
in用(某种语言或材料，如墨水, 抽象的文具 等)
through通过(实践或书本)等 。
5) 表示“除……外”的介词有 except, besides, but, except for等。
6) 表示“数量”的介词有 about(大约), around(大约), over(超过)等
表示“关于”的介词有on, about等； 表示“所属”“部分与整体关系”的介词有of
表示(增加/减少，相差，高出等的)程度的介词有by 以及as(当作，作为)， like(像…一样)等
介副两用的词
about, above, across, along, around, before, behind, below, besides, by, down, in, near, off, on, over, past, round, since, through, under, up
Do you believe his story about being absent because he had a headache ______________
Don’t drop cigarettes ash about. ______________
Put on your coat/put your coat on. ______________
Put the book on the desk. ______________
I will get off (the bus) at the corner. ______________
【当堂训练】
填空
But my connection with pandas goes back ________ my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s，when I was the first...
Most of us are more focused ________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India，for example，most people traditionally eat ________ their hands.
________ the morning of one Friday ________ November, my brother together with me visited my uncle in prison.
Much attention should be paid to __________ (improve) people's living conditions.
According to Darwin's Survival of the Fittest, only those species that were able to adapt ________the sudden great changes of their living conditions survived.
I am familiar ________ most popular kinds of software.
高考真题：
（2023新高考I卷）There you will find them prepared differently- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed hand rather than rolled.
（2023新高考II卷）And who do they speak English
（2023浙江1月卷）Thanks to Beijing’s long history capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events.
（2022新高考I卷）Giant pandas also serve ___________ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
（2022全国甲卷）Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___________ Xi’an to Kashgar on seat 20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
（2021年全国乙卷）Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ___________ trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
（2021年全国乙卷）Ecotourism has its origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept _________ the late 1980s.
（2020全国II卷）Museums must compete __________ people’s spare time and money with other amusements.
（2020全国III卷）The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist ___________ earth, Mother Nature.
（2019浙江6月卷) But can uniforms help improve school standards The answer __________ this question is not clear.
(2019北京卷) Earth Day, marked on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated __________1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区).
(2018全国III卷)My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a scientist who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching __________ these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.
语篇填空
I was in a restaurant. I noticed an elderly couple 1.________a balloon tied to their table. When I asked them what the occasion was, they told me it was their 50th wedding anniversary. I was glad and sad 2.________ them at the same time. I was glad because they still cherished each other. I was sad because they were 3.________their own, without any children or friends. After I went back to my table I thought I should pay their bill. I tried to do it, and the restaurant manager and the waitresses asked me curiously who they were 4.________me. Finally，I told them I worked in a church and felt it was my duty to do so. The elderly couple were surprised and speechless when told a total stranger had paid 5.________ them. All of us were nearly 6.________tears：the couple, the manager, the waitresses and me.
Two months later I got a call 7.________a newspaper telling me my simple act of kindness was reported. I wasn't expecting anything 8.________return，but I became famous 9.________that act of kindness. What would and could happen 10.________us if we always practice such acts of kindness on family, friends, neighbors and strangers
【巩固练习】
填空
For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away _______ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby _______ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left.
I got a place next ______ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.
Don’t laugh _______ me. I may look funny.
When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; ________ the same time, they warm up again for the night.
While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything ________ return.
Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but ________ Thomas Edison.
高考真题
（2023全国甲卷）She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility ____ saving their environment.
（2023全国乙卷）From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong __ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.
（2023北京卷）Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention ___________ global water issues.
（2022全国乙卷）May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___________ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
（2022北京卷）Helen was walking down the street late ________ the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags.
（2021新高考I卷）A company representative wrote back and told me the airline was switching over ___________ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
（2021年全国甲卷）It was built originally to protect the city __________ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
(2020浙江卷）This aging of the population is driven ___________ two factors.
(2019全国I卷) Modern methods __________ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
(2019全国III卷) We were first greeted with the barking by a pack __________ dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for these animals.
(2018江苏卷)If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum's home ________ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.
(2018天津卷)The people in the hall seemed very nosy (爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me ________ curiosity.
(2018全国Ⅲ卷)Wang Shu, a 49 year old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize—which is often referred ________ as the Nobel Prize in architecture—on February 28.
(2018北京卷)—Good morning, Mr Lee's office.
—Good morning. I'd like to make an appointment ________ next Wednesday afternoon.
(2018江苏卷)Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which calls ________ a clear road map and timetable.
(2017全国II卷) It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and work.
语篇填空
Fathers’ Day occurs on the 3rd Sunday in June. The idea for creating a day 1_____ children to honor their fathers began in Spokane, Washington. A woman 2______ the name of Sonora Smart Dodd thought 3_____ the idea for Father's Day while listening to a Mother's Day sermon 4______ 1909.
Having been raised 5_____ her father, Henry Jackson Smart, after her mother died, Sonora wanted her father to know how special he was 6_____ her. It was her father that made all the parental sacrifices and was, 7 ____the eyes of his daughter, a courageous, selfless, and loving man. Sonora's father was born in June, so she chose to hold the first Father's Day celebration 8______ Spokane, Washington 9______the 19th of June, 1910.
In 1924 President Calvin Coolidge announced the third Sunday in June 10____Father's Day. Roses are the Father's Day flowers.