中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题四 阅读理解——主旨大意题/标题归纳题
主旨/段落大意题主要考察考生对文章/段落中心思想的概括。做这类试题时，考生应通读全文，把握文章大意或中心思想，同时注意文章的主题句，因为主题句表达了文章的中心思想，而其他句子均围绕主题句展开。主题句通常位于文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句等地方，但有时也位于段落中间（通常是第一段或最后一段的中间）
标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂。标题归纳题在英语阅读理解中属于深层理解题，要求考生在通读全文的基础上，认真分析文章大意及作者的写作意图。
分析2019-2023年近五年广东中考阅读理解题型考向分布。
年份 体裁 题目类型考察频次
细节理解 推理判断 词句猜测 主旨大意
2023 应用文·说明文 说明文·说明文 6 7 1 1
应用文·说明文 记叙文·夹叙夹议文 9 2 1 3
应用文·夹叙夹议文 说明文·说明文 7 6 1 1
2022 应用文·说明文 说明文·说明文 6 7 1 1
应用文·说明文 记叙文·夹叙夹议文 9 2 1 3
应用文·夹叙夹议文 说明文·说明文 7 6 1 1
2021 应用文·记叙文 说明文·议论文 9 3 1 2
说明文·说明文 记叙文·议论文 6 6 1 2
应用文·说明文 记叙文·说明文 7 5 1 2
2020 应用文·记叙文 说明文·说明文 6 5 2 2
应用文·夹叙夹议文 说明文·说明文 7 5 1 2
应用文·说明文 说明文·记叙文 10 1 2 2
应用文·记叙文 说明文·说明文 8 3 1 3
2019 应用文·记叙文 说明文·说明文 6 5 2 2
应用文·夹叙夹议文 说明文·说明文 7 5 1 2
应用文·说明文 说明文·记叙文 10 1 2 2
应用文·记叙文 说明文·说明文 8 3 1 3
主旨/段落大意题常见设问方式：
The main idea of the paragraph is ...
What is the main idea of the passage/序数词+paragraph？
What is the last paragraph mainly about
What’s the passage mainly about
We can learn from the passage...
What does the writer mainly tell us
From the passage,we know...
The passage is mainly about...
标题归纳题常见设问方式：
What is the best title for/of the passage
What can be the best title for/of the passage
Which of the following would be the best title for/of the passage
解题步骤：
主旨/段落大意题
文章（段落）的开头、结尾通常包含了文章（段落）的中心议题，会出现明显的主题句。如果没有主题句，就需要我们根据文章（段落）内容归纳总结主旨大意。具体方法如下：
速读头尾，明确主题
大多数文章（段落）的主题句可能会出现在开头和结尾。因此，答题时要重点关注首尾。
定位全文主题句：
记叙文：一般没有明显的主题句，需要根据故事内容和线索来概括大意；
说明文:说明事物的用途或发展过程，主题句通常在段首；
议论文：通常采用“总--分--总”的模式叙述，主题句通常在段首或断尾。
标题归纳题
标题具有概括性、针对性和醒目性的特点。解题时，可从以下两点入手：
1.提炼文章的主题句：主题句通常在文章首段，也可能在文章的末段或者分散在各个段落中。如果每个段落都有主题句，需要把各段落主题句的思想集中起来，即为全文的主题句。
2.提取文章的高频词：阅读文章时，要注意文中反复出现的高频词汇，并将高频词汇与文章的主旨比对，判断高频词是否与文章要表达的主旨一致。
【真题在线】
2018年广东省中考真题
B
There's much lo see under the sea, but you need to remember that light behaves differently in water than in air. The objects appear closer to you than they exactly are. You might find yourself reaching out to touch something and completely missing it．
Objects under water will appear larger than they would on the surface, too. Be careful not to tell any stories about the big fish that got away. That fish might not be so big after all! It's just because sometimes things can seem to be as much as about 33percent bigger in water!
What's more, in deeper water, colors just don't seem as bright. In fact, it looks as if some colors are missing. Remember the color of an object results from the wavelengths（波长） of light that are reflected（反射） from its surface. And light is taken in as it moves down through the water．
Swimmers wear wet suits to keep warm underwater. Let's take a bright red, yellow, and blue wet suit as an example. These colors are hard to miss on the surface of water. Watch carefully the changes in color as you descend in the water. The red part now looks almost black because the red light wavelengths, the longest among these three colors, are missing. As you go down deeper, the same thing will happen to the yellow part and in the end to the blue part. Even at a place of about 6 to 9 meters underwater, you will look terrible, like a ghost（鬼怪）! And you have to wait for your return to the surface to enjoy the bright colors again!
65．The best title of this passage is ．
A．The Standard of Color Underwater B．The Direction of Light Underwater
C．The Brightness of Color Underwater D．The Behavior of Light Underwater
标题归纳题．根据文中" but you need to remember that light behaves differently in water than in air"可知， 本文说的是光线在水中的变化，故选D．
2019年广东省中考真题
30. This passage is mainly written for ____.
A. teachers B. parents
C. children D. the police
主旨大意题。根据A great many children around the world are bullied every year.和文章内容给孩子们介绍的什么是欺凌，面对欺凌应该怎么做，可知主要是写给孩子们的；故选C。
B
In our daily life, robots are often found to do work that is too dangerous, boring, difficult, or dirty. And we often see kids play with toy robots.
But what exactly is a robot There are some important characteristics(特征 ) that a robot must have. These characteristics might help you to decide what is and what is not a robot. It will also help you to decide what you will need to build into a machine before it can be considered as a robot. A robot has these important characteristics.
Sensing First of all, your robot would have to be able to sense the environment around it. Give
your robot sensors (传感器)：light sensors( eyes ), touch sensors (hands), chemical sensors(nose), hearing sensors(ears) and taste sensors (tongue).
Movement A robot needs to be able to move around its environment. It can move on wheel, walk on legs or be driven by small engines(发动机). A robot can move either the whole body or just parts of it.
Energy A robot needs to be able to power itself. Some robots might power itself with sunlight,some might with electricity, while others with the battery(电池). The way your robot gets its energy will depend on what your robot needs to do.
Intelligence A robot needs some kind of "smarts". A programmer is the person who gives
the robot its "smarts". The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.
35. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To help people understand what a robot is.
B. To tell what a robot can do in our life.
C. To describe the movement of a robot.
D. To introduce the history of robots.
主旨大意题。根据But what exactly is a robot There are some important characteristics(特征 ) that a robot must have. These characteristics might help you to decide what is and what is not a robot. It will also help you to decide what you will need to build into a machine before it can be considered as a robot. A robot has these important characteristics.和后面介绍的机器人应该有的特征，可知文章的目的是帮助人们理解什么是机器人；故选A。
2020年广东省中考真题
B
Once there were many thousands of Gourma Desert (沙漠) elephants in Mali, a country in West Africa. Now, there are fewer than four hundred.
Why did the number of the elephants drop so quickly On the one hand, the elephants’ main lake, their only water source (来源), dried up. On the other hand, the land which the elephants lived on was overused by humans.
To protect the elephants’ living environment, the Mali Elephant Project (MEP) was started in 2007. MEP met with local people and helped them make rules of using land and water. As a result, the situation became better and there was more food, forest and grassland.
However, from 2012 to 2016, poaching (偷猎) and illegal trade in the elephants increased rapidly. Eighty-three elephants were lost in 2015 alone, and another fifty-one elephant were killed in 2016. “If this situation goes on, all the Gourma elephants will be killed by 2020,” said a member of MEP.
Luckily, the voice of MEP was heard. More organizations (组织) have joined together to educate the local people that trading elephants is against the law. Elephant poaching has dropped to a very low level. The local people have learned to live peacefully with the elephants, one of the wildlife treasures in the world.
30．This passage is mainly about ________.
A．the rules of using land and water B．the education of the local people
C．the work of Mali Elephant Project D．the situation of Gourma Desert elephants
主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了马里大象Gourma elephants的现状以及保护措施等等，主旨大意可概括为the situation of Gourma Desert elephants。故选D。
2021年广东省中考真题
B
According to a research more than 130 billion pounds of uneaten food go to waste in Laura’s country each year. That is about 30% of the yearly food supply (供应). It is a sad fact especially when you consider how many families and homeless people are in hunger.
When Laura saw her school dining hall throw away food that was not eaten at all every day, she came up with an idea. She started a project to help her school dining hall to give away uneaten food to homeless shelters (庇护所) in her community. In the past three years, the same project has spread to other schools and some fast food restaurants throughout the city. The project is called Feed& find, and has already fed thousands of people in her city.
How does it work Through an app, Feed& Find matches local homeless shelters with school dining halls and restaurants that have uneaten food to provide. When dining halls or restaurants have uneaten food left, they can use the app to share the information about the food. A truck driver working for the project is then sent to pick it up and take it to a shelter.
Pretty cool, right It’s not surprising that people in other cities have got in touch with Laura hoping that she could have develop similar projects for their communities.
Some people, however, have concerns about the safety of the uneaten food. They think such food may not be clean enough. Still, this project is a clever way to help solve the problem of food waste and it helps those in need.
30．Which can be the best title for this passage
A．A Dining Guide App B．A Food Sharing Project
C．A Driving Service APF D．A Food Safety Project
最佳标题。根据“Still, this project is a clever way to help solve the problem of food waste and it helps those in need.”可知本文介绍的这个项目，可以帮助减少食物浪费，做到食物分享，B选项“一个食物分享项目”符合。故选B。
2022年广东省中考真题
B
Jerry is a world-famous mountain climber. He has climbed many high mountains in the world. Starting in 2015, he and his friends spent two years on an adventure（探险）in South America, covering 7,800 miles. He was even named Adventure of the Year by a famous geography magazine in 2018.
Although Jerry had achieved great success, he didn’t feel fulfilled. He asked himself, “Is it enough to climb the highest mountains Am I doing something helpful How can I turn my adventures into something that can help the world ”
Jerry learned that scientists need plants, rocks and water samples（样本）from the places far away to do research. But scientists can’t get there themselves as such places are hard to reach——only the bravest adventurers can make it. Jerry thought himself could do something to help. He then came up with an idea. He set up a team of top adventures to collect samples for scientists. By studying the samples, scientists could know more about the earth and find ways to protect it.
Recently Jerry and his adventurer friends have discovered a special plant life of Mountain Qomolangma. The samples they brought back have helped scientists how plants live in extreme（极端的）conditions.
For Jerry, this kind of adventure is most satisfying. “Such adventures had made us see life in a different way. Now, being the best climber isn’t important for me, what matters is doing something helpful while climbing the mountains. There is still much more we can do.” Jerry said to a newspaper.
60．Which can be the best title for the passage
A．Dangerous Mountains Climbing. B．Important Scientific Discoveries.
C．Plants Found on High Mountains. D．Adventures Turned into Something Greater.
最佳标题题。本文主要介绍杰里是世界著名的登山运动员，他想把自己的冒险变成对世界有帮助的事情，他和团队帮助科学家们了解了植物如何在极端条件下生存，在冒险的同时做了更伟大的事，选项D“冒险变成了更伟大的事情”符合主题，故选D。
2023年广东省中考真题
B
Some animals can easily find their way home after a long journey. How do they make it Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction.
A certain kind of ants, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost. They can go as far as 110 metres and bring food home. These ants live in the open desert (沙漠), so they have nothing to guide them along the way. It’s like someone walking six kilometres through a dark forest.
Some fish have an unbelievable sense of smell. They can smell even a single drop of their home water in a large sea area. Some sea birds have a similar ability. They are able to make a smell map of their flying area.
Some animals can sense the earth’s magnetic field (磁场), while humans can’t. This magnetic field guides a certain kind of fish when they swim a long way to a place and then back. How can this kind of fish do that It is still a mystery. Scientists have no good answers yet.
However, animals with such unusual abilities still have difficulty dealing with environmental changes caused by human activities. For example, many birds depend on stars for direction, but they get lost easily at night when city lights are kept on all night. To solve this problem, we can simply turn off some lights at night. Clearly, one small act of humans may mean a lot to animals.
35．Which can be the best title for the passage
A．Birds’ Sense of Light B．Fish’s Sense of Smell
C．Animals’ Sense of Direction D．Animals’ Sense of Magnetic Field
最佳标题题。本文介绍了动物天生就具有某些不寻常的方向感，“动物的方向感”为最佳标题。故填C。
潮州市
阅读单选
B
On warm winter days, Yang Liheng, 89, enjoys sitting by the window and looking through old photos. These photos bring him joy and happiness once more.
For Yang, one of the long-expected activities during the Spring Festival is to take photos with family members. On the early morning of the second day of the Chinese New Year when the whole family reunite, he would dress up and wait for the photo to be taken.
Yang became a photographer in the late 1950s. With his camera, Yang recorded the great changes of his hometown over time. “I had a painful childhood, but I got a chance to be a photographer after the founding (成立) of the People’s Republic of China,” Yang told a reporter. “I want to record, in the form of photos, the local customs, the changes of our life and people’s spirit of fighting against the hard conditions here in my hometown.”
“I used to take pictures for everyone else, but seldom turned my camera at my family members,” Yang said. “My grandson gave me the idea to record the growth and development of my own family.” Taking family photos then became a tradition for Yang’s family. Though now some of his grandchildren are working and living in other cities, they try their best to return home during the Spring Festival and prepare for the special moment.
Last year was an important year for Yang Liheng. Most of his photos were on show in Yinchuan. They showed us the development of the area over the past sixty years.
60．Which can be the best title for the passage
A．A Big Family B．Photos Record Time
C．Great Changes in China D．Chinese New Year Celebrations
最佳标题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了摄影师杨立衡用照片来记录国家的变化和家人的变化。因此B项符合，故选B。
东莞市
阅读单选
B
On February 21, 2022, US company SpaceX sent 46 satellites (卫星) into space. Then six days later, China sent 22 satellites into space. Why do we need so many satellites What do they do for us
At present, there are more than 3,000 active satellites moving around Earth. Satellites have all kinds of roles, from sending TV signals, giving you directions on the road, to helping scientists with their research. For example, the 22 satellites China sent up are part of the BeiDou Navigation (导航) Satellite System. Shared bikes that use BeiDou chips can provide more correct positions, making them easier to find.
Before satellites, TV signals didn’t reach very far. Mountains or tall buildings would block the signals. Phone calls to faraway places were also a problem. Because it was not easy to make a phone call to the places that were far away. Setting up telephone wires over long distances is difficult. With satellites, TV signals and phone calls can be sent directly to a satellite and back down to different places on Earth. SpaceX’s Starlink project plans to use satellites to provide people with the Internet all over the world.
Satellites can also provide information about clouds, oceans, land and ice. They help scientists with predictions of changes in weather and climate. By watching and checking wildfires and volcanoes, satellites help emergency workers deal with natural disasters. Farmers can use satellites pictures to decide the best time to water their fields.
Some satellites fly near other planets. They may look for water on Mars or take close-up pictures of Saturn’s (土星) rings. Video websites Bilibili even sent a satellite into space to look at other planets and share pictures and videos with Bilibili’s users.
30．Which is the best title for this passage
A．Where do people send satellites
B．What can satellites do for us
C．How do people make satellites
D．When can we see satellites
最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了人们发射卫星的用途。选项B“卫星能为我们做什么？”适合作为本文的标题。故选B。
佛山市
阅读单选
B
It was the first time I met a seal(海豹), the most mysterious(神秘的)animal for me in the world. I jumped into the cold water to take a closer look. Immediately, she swam toward me and tried to threaten me by putting my camera and much of my head into her mouth. I tried not to show any fear. After a few seconds, she let go of my head and swam away.
Then she came back with a live penguin. The penguin was for me. Of course, I didn’t eat the penguin, and I think the seal was very disappointed. The seal thought I was just another seal, I realized. One most important thing in a seal’s life is eating. So perhaps this seal was worried about me. She didn’t want me to go hungry. She brought me some more penguins. She even tried to show me how to eat them. The seal tried to push penguins into my camera because she thought the camera was my mouth!
I understood that she was trying to feed me. But I think that she was really trying to communicate with me. By now, she didn’t seem very dangerous. She stayed by me and tried to feed me for four days. One time, she noticed another seal come up behind me. She made a deep, warning sound and scared the other seal away. She then took that seal’s penguin and gave it to me.
Those four days were the most unbelievable experience I ever had as a wildlife photographer, because I got some amazing pictures. I also learned that animals do not always behave the way we expect. My relationship with this powerful and smart animal will stay with me forever.
35．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the passage
A．To show how to deal with a seal in the sea.
B．To encourage readers to try photographing a seal.
C．To tell the difference between humans and seals.
D．To share a story of a man and a seal in the sea.
主旨大意题。主要讲述作者与海豹在一起的一段经历，所以作者的主要目的是分享这段与海豹的经历。故选D。
河源市
阅读单选
B
Last November, scientist Yan Ning announced that she would leave America and return to China.
Yan Ning is well-known to the Chinese public. She studied at Tsinghua University from 1996 to 2000. After that, she studied and worked in America for several years. In 2007, she returned to China and became the youngest professor (教授) at Tsinghua University. Ten years later, she left Tsinghua University and became a professor at Princeton University in the US. She was later chosen as a foreign member of the US National Academy of Sciences and a foreign member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Her plan spread like wildfire and got much attention. Yan Ning said she would resign from Princeton University and help build Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation in Shenzhen. And she said her return to China was her third dream.
Yan Ning hopes to offer what she has learned these years. She wants to help and support more young people and make truly original breakthroughs (独创性的突破). She calls Shenzhen a dream city, and plans to build a world-known medical research center there.
In recent years, more and more Chinese scientists have chosen to return home, thanks to China’s efforts in encouraging innovation (创新). In 2021, more than 1,400 Chinese scientists gave up their jobs in America and returned to China, a 22% increase more than the year before. There are also many top scientists who have come back to China from Britain, Japan and other countries.
We welcome the scientists back to China and wish them success.
60．Which can be the best title for the passage
A．Great Scientists in America B．Welcome Back to China
C．What a Dream City D．What a Great Breakthrough
标题归纳题。根据全文通篇讲述了归国科学家颜宁，从海外归来，用所学的知识建设祖国的故事，文章最后表达了我们欢迎海外科学家回国，并且祝愿他们取得成功，即欢迎回到中国。故选B。
梅州市
阅读单选
B
Most of us have spent time at a museum, looking at and learning about the things there. But how many of us have ever thought about how these objects are kept in good condition
Every year, museums put a lot of money and effort into keeping their objects in good condition. They make sure the temperature and light levels are always just right, and that the air isn’t too wet.
However, even if the conditions are correct, some things still can ruin a valuable object — insects. Often they enter the museum inside the object itself. They may also be brought in by accident on visitors’ clothes. Once inside the museum, they can quickly move from one object to another, and they enjoy eating natural materials such as wood, cotton, silk and wool.
Museum experts say that the older the objects are, the more the insects seem to be attracted (吸引) to them. That’s a problem because these things can’t easily be repaired. As a result, museums will try almost anything to prevent insects from harming their collections. For example, a new object will be kept separately at first. Then, when staff are sure there are no insects inside, it can be put on show. If insects are found in a piece of clothing or art, placing it in a freezer is one way of getting rid of (除掉) them.
But now one museum in the USA has decided to try something new. They are training a dog to find insects. Dogs have an excellent sense of smell. Usually the dog sits down to show that it has found what it’s looking for. Staff at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston hope that their dog, Riley, will learn to do this when it finds insects. They say that at the moment it’s just an experiment (实验). However, if Riley can help find insects before they do a lot of harm, other museums are sure to be interested.
30．Which can be the best title for the passage
A．Insects Seem to be Interested in Older Objects
B．Training Dogs to Find Insects in the Museum
C．An Important New Way to Protect Museum Objects
D．Ways of Protecting Museum Collections from Insects
标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了保护博物馆藏品免受昆虫侵害的方法。用“Ways of Protecting Museum Collections from Insects”做标题最合适。故选D。
清远市
阅读单选
B
During work hours in Becker’s bread shop, the kitchen is especially quiet except the sound of the machine. The quiet environment is not the result of the strict rules, but because all the workers are deaf. They use sign language to communicate with each other from time to time.
Becker’s shop is in Changsha City, Hunan Province. It sells many kinds of German bread, cakes and coffee. The story of Becker who opened it is very popular.
Over twenty years ago, Becker and his wife heard about a Chinese public project. It provided language training for the disabled children, but it was short of trainers in Changsha. So they came in 2002 with a common wish to do something meaningful in life.
In Changsha, together with other Chinese trainers, they helped children improve their hearing and language pronunciation. Every little progress each child made was a great encouragement to them, and they achieved their goal in life.
After ten years of working for this project, they found that the disabled adults couldn’t be independent because they had no professional skills. Then Becker and his wife set up a bread shop to teach these people how to make bread. With their help, all of them were able to live on their own.
Luckily, Becker and his wife have also got the support from the local government. More people join them and understand that disabled people can work as well as others when they have the same chances.
35．What’s the best title for this passage
A．A Silent Bread Shop B．A Training Course
C．A Beautiful City D．Delicious Local Food
最佳标题题。根据“During work hours in Becker’s bread shop, the kitchen is especially quiet except the sound of the machine.”并结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了贝克尔夫妇开的面包店，做出的善行义举，而这家面包店是非常安静的。选项A“一个沉默的面包店”为最佳标题。故选A。
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专题四 阅读理解——主旨大意题/标题归纳题
主旨/段落大意题主要考察考生对文章/段落中心思想的概括。做这类试题时，考生应通读全文，把握文章大意或中心思想，同时注意文章的主题句，因为主题句表达了文章的中心思想，而其他句子均围绕主题句展开。主题句通常位于文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句等地方，但有时也位于段落中间（通常是第一段或最后一段的中间）
标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂。标题归纳题在英语阅读理解中属于深层理解题，要求考生在通读全文的基础上，认真分析文章大意及作者的写作意图。
分析2019-2023年近五年广东中考阅读理解题型考向分布。
年份 体裁 题目类型考察频次
细节理解 推理判断 词句猜测 主旨大意
2023 应用文·说明文 说明文·说明文 6 7 1 1
应用文·说明文 记叙文·夹叙夹议文 9 2 1 3
应用文·夹叙夹议文 说明文·说明文 7 6 1 1
2022 应用文·说明文 说明文·说明文 6 7 1 1
应用文·说明文 记叙文·夹叙夹议文 9 2 1 3
应用文·夹叙夹议文 说明文·说明文 7 6 1 1
2021 应用文·记叙文 说明文·议论文 9 3 1 2
说明文·说明文 记叙文·议论文 6 6 1 2
应用文·说明文 记叙文·说明文 7 5 1 2
2020 应用文·记叙文 说明文·说明文 6 5 2 2
应用文·夹叙夹议文 说明文·说明文 7 5 1 2
应用文·说明文 说明文·记叙文 10 1 2 2
应用文·记叙文 说明文·说明文 8 3 1 3
2019 应用文·记叙文 说明文·说明文 6 5 2 2
应用文·夹叙夹议文 说明文·说明文 7 5 1 2
应用文·说明文 说明文·记叙文 10 1 2 2
应用文·记叙文 说明文·说明文 8 3 1 3
主旨/段落大意题常见设问方式：
The main idea of the paragraph is ...
What is the main idea of the passage/序数词+paragraph？
What is the last paragraph mainly about
What’s the passage mainly about
We can learn from the passage...
What does the writer mainly tell us
From the passage,we know...
The passage is mainly about...
标题归纳题常见设问方式：
What is the best title for/of the passage
What can be the best title for/of the passage
Which of the following would be the best title for/of the passage
解题步骤：
主旨/段落大意题
文章（段落）的开头、结尾通常包含了文章（段落）的中心议题，会出现明显的主题句。如果没有主题句，就需要我们根据文章（段落）内容归纳总结主旨大意。具体方法如下：
速读头尾，明确主题
大多数文章（段落）的主题句可能会出现在开头和结尾。因此，答题时要重点关注首尾。
定位全文主题句：
记叙文：一般没有明显的主题句，需要根据故事内容和线索来概括大意；
说明文:说明事物的用途或发展过程，主题句通常在段首；
议论文：通常采用“总--分--总”的模式叙述，主题句通常在段首或断尾。
标题归纳题
标题具有概括性、针对性和醒目性的特点。解题时，可从以下两点入手：
1.提炼文章的主题句：主题句通常在文章首段，也可能在文章的末段或者分散在各个段落中。如果每个段落都有主题句，需要把各段落主题句的思想集中起来，即为全文的主题句。
2.提取文章的高频词：阅读文章时，要注意文中反复出现的高频词汇，并将高频词汇与文章的主旨比对，判断高频词是否与文章要表达的主旨一致。
【真题在线】
2018年广东省中考真题
B
There's much lo see under the sea, but you need to remember that light behaves differently in water than in air. The objects appear closer to you than they exactly are. You might find yourself reaching out to touch something and completely missing it．
Objects under water will appear larger than they would on the surface, too. Be careful not to tell any stories about the big fish that got away. That fish might not be so big after all! It's just because sometimes things can seem to be as much as about 33percent bigger in water!
What's more, in deeper water, colors just don't seem as bright. In fact, it looks as if some colors are missing. Remember the color of an object results from the wavelengths（波长） of light that are reflected（反射） from its surface. And light is taken in as it moves down through the water．
Swimmers wear wet suits to keep warm underwater. Let's take a bright red, yellow, and blue wet suit as an example. These colors are hard to miss on the surface of water. Watch carefully the changes in color as you descend in the water. The red part now looks almost black because the red light wavelengths, the longest among these three colors, are missing. As you go down deeper, the same thing will happen to the yellow part and in the end to the blue part. Even at a place of about 6 to 9 meters underwater, you will look terrible, like a ghost（鬼怪）! And you have to wait for your return to the surface to enjoy the bright colors again!
65．The best title of this passage is ．
A．The Standard of Color Underwater B．The Direction of Light Underwater
C．The Brightness of Color Underwater D．The Behavior of Light Underwater
2019年广东省中考真题
30. This passage is mainly written for ____.
A. teachers B. parents
C. children D. the police
B
In our daily life, robots are often found to do work that is too dangerous, boring, difficult, or dirty. And we often see kids play with toy robots.
But what exactly is a robot There are some important characteristics(特征 ) that a robot must have. These characteristics might help you to decide what is and what is not a robot. It will also help you to decide what you will need to build into a machine before it can be considered as a robot. A robot has these important characteristics.
Sensing First of all, your robot would have to be able to sense the environment around it. Give
your robot sensors (传感器)：light sensors( eyes ), touch sensors (hands), chemical sensors(nose), hearing sensors(ears) and taste sensors (tongue).
Movement A robot needs to be able to move around its environment. It can move on wheel, walk on legs or be driven by small engines(发动机). A robot can move either the whole body or just parts of it.
Energy A robot needs to be able to power itself. Some robots might power itself with sunlight,some might with electricity, while others with the battery(电池). The way your robot gets its energy will depend on what your robot needs to do.
Intelligence A robot needs some kind of "smarts". A programmer is the person who gives
the robot its "smarts". The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.
35. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To help people understand what a robot is.
B. To tell what a robot can do in our life.
C. To describe the movement of a robot.
D. To introduce the history of robots.
2020年广东省中考真题
B
Once there were many thousands of Gourma Desert (沙漠) elephants in Mali, a country in West Africa. Now, there are fewer than four hundred.
Why did the number of the elephants drop so quickly On the one hand, the elephants’ main lake, their only water source (来源), dried up. On the other hand, the land which the elephants lived on was overused by humans.
To protect the elephants’ living environment, the Mali Elephant Project (MEP) was started in 2007. MEP met with local people and helped them make rules of using land and water. As a result, the situation became better and there was more food, forest and grassland.
However, from 2012 to 2016, poaching (偷猎) and illegal trade in the elephants increased rapidly. Eighty-three elephants were lost in 2015 alone, and another fifty-one elephant were killed in 2016. “If this situation goes on, all the Gourma elephants will be killed by 2020,” said a member of MEP.
Luckily, the voice of MEP was heard. More organizations (组织) have joined together to educate the local people that trading elephants is against the law. Elephant poaching has dropped to a very low level. The local people have learned to live peacefully with the elephants, one of the wildlife treasures in the world.
30．This passage is mainly about ________.
A．the rules of using land and water B．the education of the local people
C．the work of Mali Elephant Project D．the situation of Gourma Desert elephants
2021年广东省中考真题
B
According to a research more than 130 billion pounds of uneaten food go to waste in Laura’s country each year. That is about 30% of the yearly food supply (供应). It is a sad fact especially when you consider how many families and homeless people are in hunger.
When Laura saw her school dining hall throw away food that was not eaten at all every day, she came up with an idea. She started a project to help her school dining hall to give away uneaten food to homeless shelters (庇护所) in her community. In the past three years, the same project has spread to other schools and some fast food restaurants throughout the city. The project is called Feed& find, and has already fed thousands of people in her city.
How does it work Through an app, Feed& Find matches local homeless shelters with school dining halls and restaurants that have uneaten food to provide. When dining halls or restaurants have uneaten food left, they can use the app to share the information about the food. A truck driver working for the project is then sent to pick it up and take it to a shelter.
Pretty cool, right It’s not surprising that people in other cities have got in touch with Laura hoping that she could have develop similar projects for their communities.
Some people, however, have concerns about the safety of the uneaten food. They think such food may not be clean enough. Still, this project is a clever way to help solve the problem of food waste and it helps those in need.
30．Which can be the best title for this passage
A．A Dining Guide App B．A Food Sharing Project
C．A Driving Service APF D．A Food Safety Project
2022年广东省中考真题
B
Jerry is a world-famous mountain climber. He has climbed many high mountains in the world. Starting in 2015, he and his friends spent two years on an adventure（探险）in South America, covering 7,800 miles. He was even named Adventure of the Year by a famous geography magazine in 2018.
Although Jerry had achieved great success, he didn’t feel fulfilled. He asked himself, “Is it enough to climb the highest mountains Am I doing something helpful How can I turn my adventures into something that can help the world ”
Jerry learned that scientists need plants, rocks and water samples（样本）from the places far away to do research. But scientists can’t get there themselves as such places are hard to reach——only the bravest adventurers can make it. Jerry thought himself could do something to help. He then came up with an idea. He set up a team of top adventures to collect samples for scientists. By studying the samples, scientists could know more about the earth and find ways to protect it.
Recently Jerry and his adventurer friends have discovered a special plant life of Mountain Qomolangma. The samples they brought back have helped scientists how plants live in extreme（极端的）conditions.
For Jerry, this kind of adventure is most satisfying. “Such adventures had made us see life in a different way. Now, being the best climber isn’t important for me, what matters is doing something helpful while climbing the mountains. There is still much more we can do.” Jerry said to a newspaper.
60．Which can be the best title for the passage
A．Dangerous Mountains Climbing. B．Important Scientific Discoveries.
C．Plants Found on High Mountains. D．Adventures Turned into Something Greater.
2023年广东省中考真题
B
Some animals can easily find their way home after a long journey. How do they make it Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction.
A certain kind of ants, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost. They can go as far as 110 metres and bring food home. These ants live in the open desert (沙漠), so they have nothing to guide them along the way. It’s like someone walking six kilometres through a dark forest.
Some fish have an unbelievable sense of smell. They can smell even a single drop of their home water in a large sea area. Some sea birds have a similar ability. They are able to make a smell map of their flying area.
Some animals can sense the earth’s magnetic field (磁场), while humans can’t. This magnetic field guides a certain kind of fish when they swim a long way to a place and then back. How can this kind of fish do that It is still a mystery. Scientists have no good answers yet.
However, animals with such unusual abilities still have difficulty dealing with environmental changes caused by human activities. For example, many birds depend on stars for direction, but they get lost easily at night when city lights are kept on all night. To solve this problem, we can simply turn off some lights at night. Clearly, one small act of humans may mean a lot to animals.
35．Which can be the best title for the passage
A．Birds’ Sense of Light B．Fish’s Sense of Smell
C．Animals’ Sense of Direction D．Animals’ Sense of Magnetic Field
潮州市
阅读单选
B
On warm winter days, Yang Liheng, 89, enjoys sitting by the window and looking through old photos. These photos bring him joy and happiness once more.
For Yang, one of the long-expected activities during the Spring Festival is to take photos with family members. On the early morning of the second day of the Chinese New Year when the whole family reunite, he would dress up and wait for the photo to be taken.
Yang became a photographer in the late 1950s. With his camera, Yang recorded the great changes of his hometown over time. “I had a painful childhood, but I got a chance to be a photographer after the founding (成立) of the People’s Republic of China,” Yang told a reporter. “I want to record, in the form of photos, the local customs, the changes of our life and people’s spirit of fighting against the hard conditions here in my hometown.”
“I used to take pictures for everyone else, but seldom turned my camera at my family members,” Yang said. “My grandson gave me the idea to record the growth and development of my own family.” Taking family photos then became a tradition for Yang’s family. Though now some of his grandchildren are working and living in other cities, they try their best to return home during the Spring Festival and prepare for the special moment.
Last year was an important year for Yang Liheng. Most of his photos were on show in Yinchuan. They showed us the development of the area over the past sixty years.
60．Which can be the best title for the passage
A．A Big Family B．Photos Record Time
C．Great Changes in China D．Chinese New Year Celebrations
东莞市
阅读单选
B
On February 21, 2022, US company SpaceX sent 46 satellites (卫星) into space. Then six days later, China sent 22 satellites into space. Why do we need so many satellites What do they do for us
At present, there are more than 3,000 active satellites moving around Earth. Satellites have all kinds of roles, from sending TV signals, giving you directions on the road, to helping scientists with their research. For example, the 22 satellites China sent up are part of the BeiDou Navigation (导航) Satellite System. Shared bikes that use BeiDou chips can provide more correct positions, making them easier to find.
Before satellites, TV signals didn’t reach very far. Mountains or tall buildings would block the signals. Phone calls to faraway places were also a problem. Because it was not easy to make a phone call to the places that were far away. Setting up telephone wires over long distances is difficult. With satellites, TV signals and phone calls can be sent directly to a satellite and back down to different places on Earth. SpaceX’s Starlink project plans to use satellites to provide people with the Internet all over the world.
Satellites can also provide information about clouds, oceans, land and ice. They help scientists with predictions of changes in weather and climate. By watching and checking wildfires and volcanoes, satellites help emergency workers deal with natural disasters. Farmers can use satellites pictures to decide the best time to water their fields.
Some satellites fly near other planets. They may look for water on Mars or take close-up pictures of Saturn’s (土星) rings. Video websites Bilibili even sent a satellite into space to look at other planets and share pictures and videos with Bilibili’s users.
30．Which is the best title for this passage
A．Where do people send satellites
B．What can satellites do for us
C．How do people make satellites
D．When can we see satellites
佛山市
阅读单选
B
It was the first time I met a seal(海豹), the most mysterious(神秘的)animal for me in the world. I jumped into the cold water to take a closer look. Immediately, she swam toward me and tried to threaten me by putting my camera and much of my head into her mouth. I tried not to show any fear. After a few seconds, she let go of my head and swam away.
Then she came back with a live penguin. The penguin was for me. Of course, I didn’t eat the penguin, and I think the seal was very disappointed. The seal thought I was just another seal, I realized. One most important thing in a seal’s life is eating. So perhaps this seal was worried about me. She didn’t want me to go hungry. She brought me some more penguins. She even tried to show me how to eat them. The seal tried to push penguins into my camera because she thought the camera was my mouth!
I understood that she was trying to feed me. But I think that she was really trying to communicate with me. By now, she didn’t seem very dangerous. She stayed by me and tried to feed me for four days. One time, she noticed another seal come up behind me. She made a deep, warning sound and scared the other seal away. She then took that seal’s penguin and gave it to me.
Those four days were the most unbelievable experience I ever had as a wildlife photographer, because I got some amazing pictures. I also learned that animals do not always behave the way we expect. My relationship with this powerful and smart animal will stay with me forever.
35．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the passage
A．To show how to deal with a seal in the sea.
B．To encourage readers to try photographing a seal.
C．To tell the difference between humans and seals.
D．To share a story of a man and a seal in the sea.
河源市
阅读单选
B
Last November, scientist Yan Ning announced that she would leave America and return to China.
Yan Ning is well-known to the Chinese public. She studied at Tsinghua University from 1996 to 2000. After that, she studied and worked in America for several years. In 2007, she returned to China and became the youngest professor (教授) at Tsinghua University. Ten years later, she left Tsinghua University and became a professor at Princeton University in the US. She was later chosen as a foreign member of the US National Academy of Sciences and a foreign member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Her plan spread like wildfire and got much attention. Yan Ning said she would resign from Princeton University and help build Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation in Shenzhen. And she said her return to China was her third dream.
Yan Ning hopes to offer what she has learned these years. She wants to help and support more young people and make truly original breakthroughs (独创性的突破). She calls Shenzhen a dream city, and plans to build a world-known medical research center there.
In recent years, more and more Chinese scientists have chosen to return home, thanks to China’s efforts in encouraging innovation (创新). In 2021, more than 1,400 Chinese scientists gave up their jobs in America and returned to China, a 22% increase more than the year before. There are also many top scientists who have come back to China from Britain, Japan and other countries.
We welcome the scientists back to China and wish them success.
60．Which can be the best title for the passage
A．Great Scientists in America B．Welcome Back to China
C．What a Dream City D．What a Great Breakthrough
梅州市
阅读单选
B
Most of us have spent time at a museum, looking at and learning about the things there. But how many of us have ever thought about how these objects are kept in good condition
Every year, museums put a lot of money and effort into keeping their objects in good condition. They make sure the temperature and light levels are always just right, and that the air isn’t too wet.
However, even if the conditions are correct, some things still can ruin a valuable object — insects. Often they enter the museum inside the object itself. They may also be brought in by accident on visitors’ clothes. Once inside the museum, they can quickly move from one object to another, and they enjoy eating natural materials such as wood, cotton, silk and wool.
Museum experts say that the older the objects are, the more the insects seem to be attracted (吸引) to them. That’s a problem because these things can’t easily be repaired. As a result, museums will try almost anything to prevent insects from harming their collections. For example, a new object will be kept separately at first. Then, when staff are sure there are no insects inside, it can be put on show. If insects are found in a piece of clothing or art, placing it in a freezer is one way of getting rid of (除掉) them.
But now one museum in the USA has decided to try something new. They are training a dog to find insects. Dogs have an excellent sense of smell. Usually the dog sits down to show that it has found what it’s looking for. Staff at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston hope that their dog, Riley, will learn to do this when it finds insects. They say that at the moment it’s just an experiment (实验). However, if Riley can help find insects before they do a lot of harm, other museums are sure to be interested.
30．Which can be the best title for the passage
A．Insects Seem to be Interested in Older Objects
B．Training Dogs to Find Insects in the Museum
C．An Important New Way to Protect Museum Objects
D．Ways of Protecting Museum Collections from Insects
清远市
阅读单选
B
During work hours in Becker’s bread shop, the kitchen is especially quiet except the sound of the machine. The quiet environment is not the result of the strict rules, but because all the workers are deaf. They use sign language to communicate with each other from time to time.
Becker’s shop is in Changsha City, Hunan Province. It sells many kinds of German bread, cakes and coffee. The story of Becker who opened it is very popular.
Over twenty years ago, Becker and his wife heard about a Chinese public project. It provided language training for the disabled children, but it was short of trainers in Changsha. So they came in 2002 with a common wish to do something meaningful in life.
In Changsha, together with other Chinese trainers, they helped children improve their hearing and language pronunciation. Every little progress each child made was a great encouragement to them, and they achieved their goal in life.
After ten years of working for this project, they found that the disabled adults couldn’t be independent because they had no professional skills. Then Becker and his wife set up a bread shop to teach these people how to make bread. With their help, all of them were able to live on their own.
Luckily, Becker and his wife have also got the support from the local government. More people join them and understand that disabled people can work as well as others when they have the same chances.
35．What’s the best title for this passage
A．A Silent Bread Shop B．A Training Course
C．A Beautiful City D．Delicious Local Food
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