TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE
6 October 20152015年10月6日
This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led to improved health for millions of people. Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year, and about 600, 000 die from it. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone.
Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease. Her team examined over 2, 000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280, 000 plants for their medical properties. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.
One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tu’s team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. Their project got stuck. However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. She analysed the medical texts again, and by chance, she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked. After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971. Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. This medicine，which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me，and all the people of my country. This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine. It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.”Book4 Unit1 重点词汇练习
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. This is a man who has committed a crime. ____________
2. There are unconfirmed reports that he tried to commit suicide. ____________
3. The government must commit itself to improving health care. ____________
4. A lot of money has been committed to this project. ____________
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Volunteers need to ______________ (commit), patient and sensitive to others.（2014 广东）
2. They called on Western nations to commit more money _________ the poorest nations.
3. The government is committed to ____________ (achieve) equal rights for women.
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. We need to develop bridges between academic research and practice. ____________
2. The university is composed of five academic schools. ____________
3. The meeting was chaired by a leading Japanese academic. ____________
4. He graduated from an academy of music in his early days. ____________
5. The lecture was given under the auspices（主办）of the Academy of Sciences. ____________
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. He acknowledges that when he’s tired he gets bad-tempered. ____________
2. We wish to acknowledge the support of the university. ____________
3. He waved, acknowledging the applause. _____________
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. It is widely ________________ (acknowledge) that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality. （2014 福建）
2. The film festival is acknowledged __________ an event of international importance.
3. She is usually acknowledged ____________ (be) one of our best artists.
4. The flowers were a small ________________ (acknowledge) of your kindness.
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Six months after suffering our defeat on the spring practice field, we won our first game and our second, and continued to improve.（2018 天津） _______
2. The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes.（2008 广东）_______
3. She was a woman who hated to admit defeat. _______
4. We were defeated by 3 goals to 2. _______
5. Our ambitions（雄心壮志）for this tournament have been defeated by the weather. _______
将下列句子译成英语。
1. 我坚决要求立即答复。
____________________________________________
2. 老师坚持要每个学生都来参加聚会。
__________________________________________________
3. 他坚持认为自己是对的。
__________________________________________________
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. These are the reports’ main conclusions. ____________
2. The conclusion is just as important a part of your essay as the introduction. ____________
3. New evidence might lead to the conclusion that we are wrong. ____________
二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. I can _______________________（得出结论）that even the smallest job is also the necessary part to keep the society going smoothly.（2013 广东改）
2. Don’t _______________________（贸然断定）before you know the facts.
3. _______________________（最后）, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Due to circumstances beyond our control the lecture was cancelled. ___________
2. Their family financial circumstances are from bad to worse. ___________
二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. Don’t open the door, __________________________（任何情况下）.
2. She made it clear that __________________________（绝不）would she cancel the trip.
一、将下列短语或句子译成汉语。
1. flow freely _______________________
2. flow in the wind _______________________
3. Rivers flow into the sea. _______________________
4. The crowd flowed out of the station. _______________________
5. Tears flowed down his cheeks. _______________________
6. The colored flags flow in the wind. _______________________
7. The lines in this painting flow. _______________________
8. Her hair flowed down her back. _______________________
二、将下列短语或句子译成英语。
1. 气流 ___________________________
2. 数据流 ___________________________
3. 缓缓地流淌 ____________________________
4. 流入大海 ___________________________
5. 这条河流经这个城市。 ____________________________
6. 时间流逝。 ____________________________
7. 那条河自东向西流。 ____________________________
8. 河水漫过堤岸。 ___________________________
根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. He broke the law, and now he must ______________________（承担……带来的后果）his actions.
2. The money was ______________________________（无足轻重）to Tony.
3. My father coughs frequently ________________________（由于……的缘故）smoking.
4. His death was totally unexpected and, ______________________（因此）, no plans had been made for his replacement.
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. I was good at sums when I was at school. ____________
2. The sum of 7 and 12 is 19. ____________ 3. This is the sum of my achievements so far. ____________
二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. Bill wants to spend ____________________（一大笔钱）to buy a big house.
2. You should ____________________（总结）your argument in the final paragraph.
3. So, ________________________________（总之）, we need to organise our time better.Book4 Unit1 语言点练习
词块
死于 __________________
以…为目标 ___________________
偶然；意外地 ________________
承认失败 ____________
几十万__________________
毕业于_________________
a collection of ______________
promise of success ______________
medical properties ______________
medical texts___________
get stuck _______________
draw out _____________
填空
The best treatment _______ a cold is to rest and drink lots of fluids..
Nobody answers the front door. Let’s try ____________(knock) the back door.
We were stuck _______ a traffic jam for an hour.
Many people are against new drugs being tested ______ animals..
Xi Jinping signed a presidential order to award National Honorary Titles to 4 people, all of _________ made great contributions to the fight against the epidemic.
_______ (Speak) English is quite distinct from ________ (write) English in many ways.
Zhong Nanshan is well known ____________ (be) a genuine national hero.
There's a short poem _____ the beginning of every chapter.
完成句子
A Nobel Prize _____________________(颁给,award) Waksman in 1952..
__________________(仅仅那些鞋,alone) cost 1000.
"We all live ____________________(目的是,objective) happy; our lives are all different and yet the same. " Anne Frank.
__________________(选定的地点，site) was an island at the entrance of New York Harbour.
I was ________________________(最后离开者之一，among).
There was no single consistent model ______________(有效, work).
Ali reached into his pocket and ___________________(拿出, draw) a piece of paper.
He _______________________(坚持要检查，insist) everything himself.
________________(一到家,on), my mother started cooking.
It is a great honour ___________________. 承蒙邀请, 十分荣幸.定语从句
【预习案】
【学习目标】
复习定语从句的解题方法。
区分限制性与非限制性定语从句。
学习特殊的关系代词as的用法。
【重点、难点】
限制性与非限制性定语从句区别。
知识回顾
引导词的特征：
__________________________
__________________________
解题方法：_____________________________________________________________
关系代词在从句中充当______________________________
关系副词在从句中充当______________, 关系副词=____________+which
限制性与非限制性定语从句
请先预习课本103页内容。
定义及特征：
限制性定语从句：____________________________________________。
My father is a man who doesn’t believe in ghosts
非限制性定语从句______________________________________________。
Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.
区别：
限制性定语从句起区分作用，非限制性定语从句起起补充说明作用。
My daughter who studies in the UAS rang me yesterday.
我有几个女儿？_______ 翻译：________________________________________
My daughter, who studies in the UAS, rang me yesterday.
我有几个女儿？_______ 翻译：________________________________________
限制性与非限制性定语从句翻译上有什么区别？
______________________________________________________________________
看看下面这句话，是不是有什么不对劲？
My mother who is 86 lives in Beijing.
先行词的区别：
在非限制性定语从句中，which可以指代____________________
He was late again, which made the teacher very angry.
引导词的区别：
________________不能用于非限制性定语从句，非限制性定从中的关系代词不能省略。
Her father, _________ has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad.
In the presence of so many people he was a little nervous, _________ was understandable.
None of us accepted the reason he explained, _________________ he was absent.
关系代词as
在限制性定语从句中，as用作关系代词，既可指人又可指物，主要是用于the same…as…，so/as…as…, such…as…等结构。
I never heard such stories as he told.
as指代______________, 在从句充当___________.
as用于非限制性定语从句时，指代整个句子，通常翻译成：正如…,由……可知;可以置于句首、句中或句尾。
You always work hard, ___________ everyone knows.
The famous magician Liu Qian, __________ we all know, is from Taiwan.
______ everyone can see, she is working hard.
【当堂训练】
完成课本P5 Ex1-3.
【巩固练习】
一．选择题
1. Attention! Our bus is approaching Cambridge, ________we’ll be stopping to eat.
A. when B. which C. as D. where
2. Part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods，________ effects the people are still suffering from.
A. that B. whose C. those D. what
3. The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things，_______ is often the case in other countries.
A. what B. as C. so D. that
4. Soon children in the camp had many new friends, ______ they shared food, stories and projects.
A. for which B. with whom
C. of which D. to whom
5. The Great Wall is the place ______ almost all tourists would like to visit when they come to Beijing.
A. why B. which C. when D. where
6. The old lady, all of ______ children had been killed in the earthquake, was given help by the local government.
A. her B. whom C. whose D. which
7. The air quality in the city, ____is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
A. that B. it C. as D. what
8. There are three libraries in our school, _______ were built five years ago.
A. all of them B. either of them
C. all of which D. both of that
9. They’ve won their last three matches，________I find a bit surprising actually.
A. that B. when C. what D. which
10. I had told them the reason, ______ I didn’t attend the meeting.
A. for which B. at which C. for whom D. why
二．改错：
1. Jim passed the driving test, it surprised everybody in the office.
2. Which is known to all, he is the best student.
3. It is such a big stone that nobody can lift.
4. Our teacher is very strict with us, that does much good to us.
5. He will come to see me next July, which he won’t be so busy.
三．对比翻译：
She kept on telling jokes, which made everyone angry.
__________________________________________________________
She kept on telling jokes which made everyone laugh.
__________________________________________________________
They said they loved their children, who were well-behaved.
__________________________________________________________
They said they loved their children who were well-behaved.
__________________________________________________________
