2024届高三英语二轮语法复习非谓语动词导学案-（无答案）

一轮复习英语语法之七：非谓语动词
【预习案】
学习目标：
复习非谓语动词的构成及基本含义。
学会根据在句中充当的成份选用恰当的非谓语动词。
知识回顾
非谓语动词的形式与含义
形式 种类 基本含义 构成 一般 完成 进行
不定式 带to 表目的或表将来、具体 主动 to do
无to 被动
v-ing 动名词 名词性、抽象 主动
现在分词 主动、进行 被动
v-ed 过去分词 形容词、副词 被动、完成 主动
被动
非谓语动词什么时候使用完成式？ _____________________________________________
Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk.
非谓语动词的否定式怎么构成？_______________________________
课堂互动研讨：
句子成分与非谓语动词的选用：
除了谓语之外，非谓语动词几乎能充当所有的成分，在充当不同成分时，选用哪一种非谓语动词，这是考察的重点。
做主语，选用_______________
__________ (drive) a car during the rush hour is tiring.
不定式作主语时，往往用it 作形式主语。
It is a great honor for us __________ (be) present at your birthday party.
作宾语,选to do 还是doing？
作动词宾语时，取决于动词的用法：
He managed ____________ (escape) from the fire.
He often practices ____________ (play) the piano in the evening.
He began ________________ (read) the story for the blind girl.
In some parts of London, missing a bus means _________ (wait) for another hour.
做介词宾语时，肯定用_______________
He is fond of ___________ (play) basketball.
it作形式宾语时，真正宾语通常使用______________
I find it difficult ______________ (learn) English well.
作表语：
动名词（doing）表一般性动作，to do 表将来具体动作。
My hobby is collecting stamps.
What I would suggest is to start work at once.
分词作表语时，已形容词化。
v-ing 通常翻译成______________________
v-ed 通常翻译成_______________________
The ___________ (move) movie made all of us _____________ (move).
作宾补：
不定式
有to不定式表将来动作，取决于谓语动词的用法。
He warned me to be careful.
无to 不定式强调全过程或有意为之。包括动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）
They saw the boy fall off the tree.
分词
现在分词作宾补，宾语与分词是_________关系。
If she catches me reading her diary，she’ll be angry.
过去分词作宾补，宾语与分词是_________关系。
I’ll have/get my watch repaired.
作定语
不定式作定语表将来。
I have a little baby to look after.
分词作定语可与定语从句转换。
① v-ing表主动和/或进行。
The girl standing under the tree is my niece.
→The girl who ______________ under the tree is my niece.
He is the man giving you the book.
→He is the man who _________ you the book
② v-ed表被动和/或完成。
The building built last year is our library.
→The building which ____________ last year is our library.
作状语
不定式
作状语通常表____________。
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.
修饰形容词表原因
We were very excited to hear the news.
only to do表出乎意料之外的结果。
He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.
分词作状语可以表原因、时间、条件、方式、伴随、结果等。
分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语。
现在分词与主句主语之间是___________关系。
过去分词与主句主语之间是___________关系。
___________ (bite) by a snake, he was taken to hospital.
He lay on the grass, __________ (look) into the sky.
_____________ (不知道) how to work out the maths problem, I went to the teacher for help.
独立分词短语：独立分词短语无需考虑与主句主语之间的逻辑关系。
generally speaking 一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说到
strictly speaking 严格地说 judging from/by 从...判断
Judging from his face, he must be ill.
【当堂训练】
高考真题填空：
(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the __________ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace.
(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether ___________ (bite)a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them _____________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents.
(2023年全国乙卷) The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, __________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
(2022年新高考Ⅰ卷) ___________ (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
(2022年新高考Ⅰ卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority _____________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
(2022年新高考Ⅱ卷) Henry ran one hundred meters, jumped over a 1.2-meter fence, and held out his arms to catch the ________ (fall) child.
(2022年新高考Ⅱ卷) Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony (阳台), and climbed up ________ (see) them.
(2022年全国甲卷) A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ____________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
(2022年全国甲卷) Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ______ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
(2022年全国乙卷) China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a ___________ (share) future for mankind.
(2022年全国乙卷) _______________ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media.
(2021全国甲卷) It is possible ________(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
(2021全国甲卷) After __________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action…
(2021全国乙卷) It (Ecotourism) is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ___________ (educate) about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics…
(2021全国乙卷) Minimize the impact of ________ (visit) the place.
(2021全国乙卷) Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim _________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
(2021全国新高考Ⅰ卷) Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your _____________ (ache) legs.
(2021全国新高考Ⅱ卷) I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ___________ (think) it is food.
(2021全国新高考Ⅱ卷) I decided to do something ___________ (educate) people about this problem.
【巩固练习】
(2020全国Ⅰ卷) Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 ________ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
(2020全国Ⅱ卷) They represent the earth ________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
(2020全国Ⅱ卷)They make great gifts and you see them many times ___________(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
(2020全国Ⅱ卷) They are easy ________ (care) for and make great presents.
(2020全国Ⅲ卷) The next morning he hired a boat and set out ________ (find) the well-known painter.
(2020全国Ⅲ卷) And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds_____________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or ________ (walk) through a rainforest.
(2020新高考全国Ⅱ卷) These days, it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders _________ (begin) computer classes.
(2019全国Ⅰ卷) Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ____________ (perform) consistently over a large area.
(2019全国Ⅰ卷) Scientists have responded by _______ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements.
(2019全国Ⅱ卷) A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ______ (be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.
(2019全国Ⅱ卷) Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans __________ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
(2019全国Ⅱ卷) When we got a call _______ (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.
(2019全国Ⅲ卷) On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take ________ (get) there.
(2019全国Ⅲ卷) On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm, _________(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
(2018全国Ⅰ卷) You don’t have to run fast or for long _______ (see) the benefit.
(2018全国Ⅰ卷) You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _______ (die) early by running.
(2018全国Ⅱ卷) China’s approach to protecting its environment while _________(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide”, says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.
(2018全国Ⅲ卷) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid _________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged.
(2018全国Ⅲ卷) Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ________ (stay) and watch.
(2020浙江卷 1月)Something significant is happening to the world population it is aging. The median age of an American in 1950 was 30 -- today it is 41 and is expected _________ (increase)to 42 by 2050.
(2020浙江卷 7月)Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology_________(change)lives.
(2020浙江卷 7月)By about 6000 BC，people discovered the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later，they learned to work with the seasons, planting at the right time and, in dry areas, _________(make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
(2021浙江卷 1月).In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries_________(study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
(2021浙江卷 1月) This may be due to some disadvantages for people _________ (live) in the countryside, including
lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
(2021浙江卷 6月)Although Mary loved flowers, neither she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long-time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over_________（plant）flowers in the front yard.
(2022浙江卷 1月)That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans_________(continue) the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change."
(2022浙江卷 7月)To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting be appreciated by someone who’s blind Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not _________ (do).
(2023浙江卷 1月)The term “hutong”, ________ (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
(2023浙江卷 1月)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, _________(surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
(2019北京卷)Nervously ________ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”.
Earth Day, ________ (mark)on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
(2020北京卷)Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they are thrown away. It takes them hundreds of years ________ (break) down.
A piece of stone ________ (find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought.
(2021北京卷)There has been a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, ___________ (cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations. From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, ___________ (result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss．Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need ___________ (invest) in disaster prevention.
(2022北京卷)As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention ________ (harm) her, Helen started to run.
(2022北京卷).Why do humans prefer some smells over others One theory, increasingly ________ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned.
(2023北京卷) Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When ________ (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
(2023北京卷) She called for action ________ (address) the struggles of people around the world ________ (face) “too little water or too dirty water”