牛津译林版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good单元核心脉图阅读提升（含解析）

Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good
引言解读
Beauty is being the best possible version of yourself on the inside and out.—Audrey Hepburn
释义：美是从内到外做最好的自己。——奥黛丽·赫本
启示：阐释了作者对美的理解，也是她本人的真实写照。
名句积累 1、 A man needs a purpose for real health. 有目标的人才能有真正的健康。 2、 Different sores must have different salves. 对症下药。 3、A little labor, much health. 适量的劳动有益于健康。 4、 A good healthy body is worth more a crown in gold. 健康的身体贵于金冠。 5、Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy ,wealthy and wise. 睡得早起得早聪明富裕身体好。 6、Poverty is the mother of health. 穷因为健康之母。 7、Better wear out shoes than sheets. 与其卧病磨破床单，不如运动磨破鞋子。 8、 Few lawyers die well,few physicians live well. 律师少善终，医生少健康。 9、 Exercise, temperance ; fresh air, and needful rest are the best of all physicians. 运动、节制、新鲜空气和必要的休息是最好的医生。 10、Sickness is everyman's master. 英雄只怕病来磨。
主题探究
本单元的主题语境是“人与自我”，话题是“青少年的身心健康”， 涉及“青少年的身心健康”的多个层面, 围绕两位学生的生活习惯展开讨论，引导学生关注健康问题，改善生活方式；一篇新闻报道，讲述一名女学生盲目节食减肥，结果危及生命健康的遭遇，由此引发评论并指出青少年保持身心健康的重要性，帮助学生正确看待自我、接纳自我；学生对“整形手术”这一话题发表个人观点，从中领悟美与健康的真谛；语篇分析了当下青少年对外貌所持有的一些消极看法，并阐释其成因，提出有针对性的对策，侧重启发学生认识不可以貌取人的道理，并充分挖掘自身内在价值；；合作学习、探究学习，设计一款以“健康生活方式”为主题的应用程序；本单元的教学旨在帮助学生认识健康生活的重要性，形成健康的生活方式以及良好的生活习惯，树立积极向上的生活态度。
语篇品读 Living a healthy lifestyle contains making choices about the foods we eat as well as exercise and other daily activities. The term “healthy lifestyle” can be defined as “to improve and protect one’s health and well-being”. For this purpose, a healthy lifestyle can involve good eating habits, regular physical activity and anti-alcoholism. First of all, good eating habits are the main way of living a healthy lifestyle. For instance, rushed morning routines, trying to lose weight, and lack of appetite（食欲）early in the morning are all reasons why people skip breakfast（不吃早餐）. However, most experts think that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Another example is fast food; a hamburger from McDonald’s with special sauce and cheese is not exactly considered as a healthy meal. Our society today is busy and on the go at all times. It is much easier to stop and get fast food. As a result, humans become fatter. However, eating low-fat meals that include 5 to 9 serving of fruits and vegetables every day is an ideal healthy life plan. Therefore, good eating habits are the main way of living a healthy lifestyle. Secondly, another way of living a healthy lifestyle is physical activity. Exercise is indeed part of life because it keeps the body and mind in good shape. Exercise reduces stress and contributes to（有助于）a good sleep. It can keep a person looking and feeling younger throughout his entire life, and it also helps build one’s energy and strength. So, physical activity is another way of living a healthy lifestyle. Finally, another way is anti-alcoholism. Addiction to alcohol may cause serious social and public problems. It is accepted that driving after drinking is dangerous. Alcohol is a main factor of traffic deaths. Alcoholism can also lead to diseases, such as heart attack or liver trouble. Thus, anti-alcoholism is another way for a healthy lifestyle. In conclusion, a healthy lifestyle can be maintained in three ways: the first way is good eating habits, the second way is regular physical activity and the final way is anti-alcoholism. 全文翻译 健康的生活方式包括选择我们吃的食物、锻炼和其他日常活动。"健康的生活方式"一词可以定义为"改善和保护一个人的健康和福祉"。 为此，健康的生活方式包括良好的饮食习惯、定期体育锻炼和戒酒。 首先，良好的饮食习惯是健康生活方式的主要方式。例如，早上匆忙的日常事务，试图减肥，以及一大早食欲不振都是人们不吃早餐的原因。然而，大多数专家认为早餐是一天中最重要的一餐。另一个例子是快餐;麦当劳的汉堡加了特殊的酱汁和奶酪，不被认为是一顿健康的饭。我们今天的社会是忙碌的，每时每刻都在忙碌。停下来吃快餐要容易得多。结果，人类变得更胖了。然而，每天吃5到9份水果和蔬菜的低脂饮食是一个理想的健康生活计划。因此，良好的饮食习惯是健康生活方式的主要方式。 其次，健康生活方式的另一种方式是体育活动。运动确实是生活的一部分，因为它使身体和精神保持良好的状态。运动可以减轻压力，有助于睡个好觉。它可以让一个人在整个生命中看起来和感觉更年轻，它也有助于建立一个人的能量和力量。所以，体育锻炼是健康生活方式的另一种方式。 最后，另一种方法是反酗酒。酗酒可能会引起严重的社会和公共问题。人们普遍认为酒后驾车是危险的。酒精是交通死亡的一个主要因素。酗酒也会导致疾病，如心脏病发作或肝脏问题。因此，戒酒是健康生活方式的另一种方式。 总之，健康的生活方式可以通过三种方式保持:第一种方式是良好的饮食习惯，第二种方式是有规律的体育活动，最后一种方式是戒酒。 词汇积累 1. define v. 给……下定义 2. involve v. 涉及，包括 3. routine n. 时间，计划 4.as a result 因此 5.ideal adj. 理想化的 6.entire adj. 整个的，全部的 7.factor n. 音素 8. in conclusion 总而言之
题源探究
语篇品读 Getting Up Early Doesn’t Mean You Must Be More Efficient —China Daily《中国日报》 It’s regularly claimed that you’ll be more productive if you get up early. Very early. According to a 2022 Wall Street Journal article, the most successful and productive people typically rise at 4 am. There’s some logic to it. For instance, if you’re awake while everyone else is still asleep, they won’t distract you, so you’ll be more productive. However, the science tells a very different story. There are many reasons why waking up at 4 am could be unproductive. An important one stems from our own biology. Sleep is critical for our ability to function, and depriving yourself of it does more harm than good. A typically healthy amount of sleep for adults is around 7 to 9 hours. Less than that quickly has negative health effects, compromising mood, memory, stress tolerance, and more. Forcing yourself to wake up at 4 am means you’re losing sleep, and will be less productive as a result. Some people seem able to get away with it, being natural “early risers”. However, the admiration for them may be misplaced. A study by the National Sleep Foundation stated that “Individuals who habitually sleep outside the normal range may be exhibiting symptoms of serious health problems or even may be compromising their health and well-being”. Another study claims sleeping far fewer hours than average is more likely to be self-enforced than anything natural. There may be some productive advantages to waking up in the early hours. However, these can easily be canceled out by the consequences of lost sleep. 全文翻译 早起并非意味着更高效 人们普遍认为，早起工作效率更高。非常早期的。根据《华尔街日报》2022年的一篇文章，最成功、最富有成效的人通常在凌晨4点起床。这是有道理的。例如，如果你在别人还在睡觉的时候醒着，他们不会分散你的注意力，所以你会更有效率。 然而，科学告诉我们一个完全不同的故事。凌晨4点起床效率低下的原因有很多。一个重要的原因源于我们自己的生理。睡眠对我们的身体机能至关重要，剥夺睡眠弊大于利。 成年人正常的睡眠时间是7到9个小时。少于这个量很快就会对健康产生负面影响，影响情绪、记忆、压力承受能力等等。强迫自己在凌晨4点起床意味着你失去了睡眠，结果会降低效率。 有些人似乎能够摆脱它，是天生的“早起者”。然而，对他们的钦佩可能是错位的。国家睡眠基金会的一项研究表明，“习惯性睡眠超出正常范围的人可能表现出严重健康问题的症状，甚至可能损害他们的健康和福祉”。另一项研究称，睡眠时间远低于平均水平更有可能是自我强迫，而不是自然的。 早起可能会有一些高效的好处。然而，这些很容易被睡眠不足的后果所抵消。 句式仿写 1．公众不知道昨天在山区的这起飞机坠毁事故是怎么发生的。(it is + adj. + 从句) ________________________________________________ 2. 随着年龄的增长,男士的身高平均减少3到4厘米,而女士可能减少5厘米或更多一些。(while) ______________________________________________ 3．根据我的经验看,人们不经常做饭主要有三个原因:能力、金钱和时间。 （why 引导定语从句） _____________________________________________
答案：
1. It is unknown to the public how the air crash occurred in the mountainous area yesterday.
2. Men lose an average of 3-4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more.
3. From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often: ability, money, and time.
拓展阅读
Passage 1
主题语境 主题群 话题 词数 建议用时 推荐指数
人与自我 身心健康 保持健康和实现目标的关系 309 5min ★★★★☆
（2023春·甘肃·高一统考期末）If you want to achieve more of your goals in life, one of the most important things you can do is to take care of your mitting to a healthy and balanced diet can be a game changer when it comes to productivity and success.
As a saying goes, “An apple a day keeps a doctor away.” But did you know that an apple a day does not only keep the doctor away but can even possibly improve your productivity Actually, people who eat more fruits and vegetables can be happier, more creative and, yes, even more productive. Fruits and vegetables seem to help elevate a person’s level of curiosity and general wellbeing. Actually, not only does a healthy diet improve a person’s wellbeing, it also seems to prevent potentially harmful conditions.
To start with, a healthy diet provides your body with the nutrients you need to function properly. The foods you eat are changed into glucose (葡萄糖), which then transforms it into the energy that powers your body and brain. When your body is running low on glucose, you will probably experience some trouble when trying to focus and concentrate.
On top of that, a healthy diet is linked to healthier mental health. When you eat a balanced diet, you are essentially giving your body the fuel it needs to work efficiently and effectively. A healthier version of you, physically and mentally, allows you to focus on your goals and on what you really want to be doing.
All in all, if you want to be more productive and reach your personal goals, work goals and any other dreams you have, please put your health at the top of your priority list. By eating a balanced and healthy diet, you can give your body the nutrients it needs to function at its best.
1．What does Paragraph 1 tell us
A．Eating right can improve overall wellbeing.
B．Everyone should have their personal goals.
C．Success lies in looking after one’s own health.
D．Productivity and success come from change.
2．What does the underlined word “elevate” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Decline. B．Limit. C．Satisfy. D．Improve.
3．What may cause you to fail to concentrate
A．Too many nutrients in the diet. B．Any troublesome experiences.
C．Lack of glucose in your body. D．Lack of power in your brain.
4．What is the author’s suggestion
A．Putting your own health on the list. B．Eating a balanced and healthy diet.
C．Achieving your personal dreams. D．Giving your mind enough nutrients.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了保持健康对于实现人生目标的重要性。
1．段落大意题。根据第一段“If you want to achieve more of your goals in life, one of the most important things you can do is to take care of your mitting to a healthy and balanced diet can be a gamechanger when it comes to productivity and success. (如果你想实现更多的人生目标，你能做的最重要的事情之一就是照顾好你的健康。当谈到工作效率和成功时，坚持健康均衡的饮食可以改变游戏规则。)”可知，第一段主要介绍了成功在于照顾自己的健康。故选C项。
2．词义猜测题。根据第二段“Fruits and vegetables seem to help elevate a person’s level of curiosity and general wellbeing. Actually, not only does a healthy diet improve a person’s wellbeing, it also seems to prevent potentially harmful conditions. (水果和蔬菜似乎有助于elevate一个人的好奇心和总体幸福感。实际上，健康的饮食不仅能改善一个人的健康，似乎还能预防潜在的有害疾病。)”可知，elevate与下文中的improve意思相近，故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“When your body is running low on glucose, you will probably experience some trouble when trying to focus and concentrate. (当你的身体葡萄糖不足时，你可能会在集中注意力时遇到一些麻烦。)”可知，体内缺乏葡萄糖会导致无法集中注意力。故选C项。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“All in all, if you want to be more productive and reach your personal goals, work goals and any other dreams you have, please put your health at the top of your priority list. By eating a balanced and healthy diet, you can give your body the nutrients it needs to function at its best. (总而言之，如果你想提高工作效率，实现你的个人目标、工作目标和任何其他梦想，请把你的健康放在首要位置。通过均衡健康的饮食，你可以给你的身体所需的营养，使其处于最佳状态。)”可知，作者建议吃均衡的健康的饮食。故选B项。
Passage 2
主题语境 主题群 话题 词数 建议用时 推荐指数
人与自我 身心健康 吃维生素过多会增加得白内障 378 6 min ★★★★☆
（2023春·湖南长沙·高一雅礼中学校联考期末）Taking vitamin pills in high doses(剂量) can significantly increase the risk of cataracts(白内障), a study has shown.
Scientists found that consuming large amounts of vitamin C made individuals 20 percent more likely to develop the condition, which is a leading cause of blindness. And regularly taking high-dose vitamin E tablets increased the chance of cataracts forming by 60 percent. The dangers are even greater for the elderly, with those over 65 nearly doubling their chances of damaging their vision if they took these vitamins every day.
Researchers from the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm monitored 31,000 volunteers aged between 45 and 79. Nearly 3,000 of them went on to need treatment for their eyes. The Swedish team discovered a strong link between those who developed cataracts and those who took high doses of vitamins C and E.
It was originally thought that the two vitamins would protect against cataracts because they are powerful antioxidants(脱氧化剂). It was supposed that they would fight the process of oxidation(氧化), which destroys cells in much the same way as rust(锈) rots a car. However, it it now believed that, in large quantities, vitamin C may actually cause oxidation by upsetting the natural balance of proteins in the eye.
The human body does not make or store vitamin C, and gets its supply from fruit and vegetables. It only needs 40 mg a day to keep cells healthy and promote healing. Vitamin E helps maintain the structure of cells and is found in food items such as nuts and seeds. Aman needs just 4 mg a day and a woman should have 3 mg. But tablets containing up to a hundred times this amount are also available in UK health food shops. Researchers stressed that the dangers will only be caused if the vitamins are taken in very large amounts. These were defined as 1,000 mg of vitamin C and 100 mg of vitamin E a day.
However, Professor Yit Yang, from the Royal College of Ophthalmologists in Australia, said, “It is not possible to establish from this study that vitamin C caused cataracts, as there may be other factors(因素) that were not accounted for.”
5．What do we know about the research from the text
A．The research was conducted in Australia.
B．The volunteers covered the full range of ages.
C．Almost 10 percent of the volunteers had something wrong with their eyes.
D．The research found vitamin C is more likely to cause cataracts than vitamin E.
6．What did the scientists think of the vitamins originally
A．They could lead to blindness.
B．They could cause cataracts.
C．They could increase oxidation.
D．They could prevent cataracts.
7．What might be the best title for the text
A．The Side Effects of Vitamins C and E
B．The Fight Between Vitamins and Oxidation
C．Does a High Vitamin Intake Equal Cataracts
D．Why Are High Doses of Vitamins Bad for Health
8．What is the author’s purpose in writing this text
A．To warn people not to take too many vitamins.
B．To tell people about a new medical discovery.
C．To reveal the risks of antioxidants and the like.
D．To explain the relationship between vitamins and blindness.
【答案】5．C 6．D 7．C 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述吃维生素过多会增加得白内障的风险。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段“Researchers from the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm monitored 31,000 volunteers aged between 45 and 79. Nearly 3,000 of them went on to need treatment for their eyes. (斯德哥尔摩的卡罗琳斯卡研究所的研究人员对31000名年龄在45岁至79岁之间的志愿者进行了监测。其中近3000人的眼睛需要治疗。)”可知，参与监测的志愿者将近10%的眼睛需要治疗。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段“It was originally thought that the two vitamins would protect against cataracts (人们最初认为这两种维生素可以预防白内障)”可知，人们最初认为这两种维生素可以预防白内障。故选D。
7．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Taking vitamin pills in high doses(剂量) can significantly increase the risk of cataracts(白内障), a study has shown. (一项研究表明，大剂量服用维生素片会显著增加患白内障的风险。)”和第二段“Scientists found that consuming large amounts of vitamin C made individuals 20 percent more likely to develop the condition, which is a leading cause of blindness. And regularly taking high-dose vitamin E tablets increased the chance of cataracts forming by 60 percent. The dangers are even greater for the elderly, with those over 65 nearly doubling their chances of damaging their vision if they took these vitamins every day.(科学家发现，大量摄入维生素C会使人患上这种疾病的可能性增加20%，而这种疾病是导致失明的主要原因。经常服用高剂量维生素E片会使白内障形成的几率增加60%。对老年人来说，危险更大，如果65岁以上的人每天服用这些维生素，他们损害视力的几率几乎翻了一番。)”,再结合后文作者的说明，可知，这篇文章主要介绍大剂量服用维生素片会显著增加患白内障的风险。故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Taking vitamin pills in high doses(剂量) can significantly increase the risk of cataracts(白内障), a study has shown. (一项研究表明，大剂量服用维生素片会显著增加患白内障的风险。)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍大剂量服用维生素片会显著增加患白内障的风险这一研究结果。故选B。
Passage 3
主题语境 主题群 话题 词数 建议用时 推荐指数
人与自我 身心健康 如何给身体补充能量 128 5 min ★★★★☆
（2023春·湖南怀化·高一怀化市第一中学校考阶段练习）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Like cars 1 run on petrol, your body burns carbohydrates for 2 (energetic). Foods like noodles, rice, fruit and vegetables give your body plenty of carbohydrates 3 (keep) up your energy during a long workout. To help your muscles recover and repair 4 (they) after exercise, you need to eat foods rich 5 protein, such as fish, eggs and milk products. When to eat 6 (be) also of great importance. In general, you should have your meal 7 average of 1.5 to 2.5 hours before exercising. Do not eat 8 (immediate) after exercise; instead, wait at least 30 9 (minute) after a typical routine, or as much as an hour after a hard workout. Remember to drink throughout exercise to make up for water 10 (lose) to sweat.
【答案】
1．that/which 2．energy 3．to keep 4．themselves 5．in 6．is 7．an 8．immediately 9．minutes 10．lost
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章就给身体补充能量给出了一些建议。
1．考查定语从句。句意：就像汽油车一样，你的身体燃烧碳水化合物来获取能量。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导一个从句，修饰前面的名词cars，这是一个定语从句，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，先行词表示物，应用that或which引导。故填that或which。
2．考查名词。句意：就像汽油车一样，你的身体燃烧碳水化合物来获取能量。分析句子可知，设空处位于介词for后，作宾语，应用名词；energetic的名词形式为energy，表示“能量”。故填energy。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：面条、米饭、水果和蔬菜等食物可以为你的身体提供大量的碳水化合物，在长时间的锻炼中保持你的能量。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作非谓语，结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用to do不定式。故填to keep。
4．考查代词。句意：为了帮助你的肌肉在运动后恢复和自我修复，你需要吃富含蛋白质的食物，如鱼、蛋和奶制品。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作宾语，应用代词；结合句意可知，此处指帮助肌肉自我恢复，应用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
5．考查固定搭配。句意：为了帮助你的肌肉在运动后恢复和自我修复，你需要吃富含蛋白质的食物，如鱼、蛋和奶制品。rich in sth为固定搭配，表示“大量含有、富含”。故填in。
6．考查主谓一致。句意：什么时候吃饭也很重要。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作谓语，结合上下文时态可知，此处用一般现在时；主语为when to eat，表示单数，故be动词也应用单数。故填is。
7．考查固定搭配。句意：一般来说，你应该在运动前1.5到2.5小时进食。an average of为固定搭配，表示“平均”。故填an。
8．考查副词。句意：运动后不要立即进食。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作状语，修饰动词，应用副词；immediate的副词形式为immediately，表示“立即”。故填immediately。
9．考查名词单复数。句意：相反，在常规运动后至少等待30分钟，或者在高强度锻炼后至少等待一个小时。根据句意可知，此处表示三十分钟，根据设空处前面的30可知，minute应用复数形式。故填minutes。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：记得在运动过程中喝水，以补充因出汗而流失的水分。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作后置定语，修饰前面的名词water，此处表示出汗流失的水分，应用过去分词。故填lost。
教材语篇梳理
Reading
答案：(1)skipping (2)her target weight (3)extreme methods
(4)be harmful to (5)a healthy balanced diet (6)function
课文语法填空
　Jennifer Jones, a 15-year-old teenage girl, passed out in her morning PE lesson yesterday and was rushed to hospital.
Jennifer was found to have dangerously low blood sugar levels due to 1. (skip) meals. Fortunately, she is now out of danger and will make a full recovery in a day or two. Jennifer’s case 2. (be) a reminder of the dangers of the unhealthy weight-loss 3. (habit) that have become common among teenagers of both sexes. In a society 4. being thin 5. (see) as being beautiful, teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods 6. (slim) down quickly.
Health experts are increasing their efforts to educate teenagers about the side effects of losing weight too quickly. They have also warned them 7. using such extreme methods. One of the experts pointed out that it is important for teenagers to have a healthy 8. (balance) diet, keep regular hours and get plenty of exercise to stay 9. (energy) and fit. The experts strongly encourage all teenagers to follow these lifestyle tips, because living well is 10. (safe) and most effective way to get into shape.
答案：1. skipping 2. is 3. habits 4.where 5. is seen 6.to slim 7.against 8.balanced 9.emergetic 10. the safest
阅读微技能—抓结构, 快速读懂新闻报道: 新闻报道一般包括五个部分: 标题、导语、主体、背景和结语。 1. 标题: 新闻报道的标题要醒目、得体、生动。 2. 导语: 新闻导语是一篇消息的开头部分。它用简短的语言介绍主要内容, 揭示新闻主题; 或采取其他生动的形式引起读者的阅读兴趣。 3. 主体: 主体是报道的主要部分, 具体介绍事件的时间、地点、人物、经过等。 4. 背景: 背景指的是新闻发生的社会环境和自然环境。 5. 结语: 结语通常是对全文内容概括性的总结或对这一事件的简要评论。
Passage 1
主题语境 主题群 话题 词数 建议用时 推荐指数
人与自我/ 社会 饮食健康 征收糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题 321 6min ★★★★☆
(2022·全国乙卷·D)
The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖). It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers(制造商)so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities(设施)and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
32.Why was the sugar tax introduced
A.To collect money for schools.
B.To improve the quality of drinks.
C.To protect children's health.
D.To encourage research in education.
33.How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax
A.They turned to overseas markets.
B.They raised the prices of their products.
C.They cut down on their production.
D.They reduced their products' sugar content.
34.From which of the following is the sugar tax collected
A.Most alcoholic drinks.
B.Milk-based drinks.
C.Fruit juices.
D.Classic Coke.
35.What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A.It is a short-sighted decision.
B.It is a success story.
C.It benefits manufacturers.
D.It upsets customers.
【答案】32.C 33. D 34. D 35.B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了政府对软饮料征收糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题,同时,该收入用于学校的体育教育。
32.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity.(该税于2016年4月首次宣布,适用于每100毫升含糖超过5克的软饮料,旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。)”可知,征收糖税的目的是帮助儿童减少肥胖,保护儿童的健康。故选C。
33. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax.(此前,制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量,以避免纳税。)”可知,一些饮料公司通过降低产品的含糖量来避免纳税。故选D。
34.细节理解题。根据第五段“However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.(然而,一些高糖品牌,如经典可口可乐,已经接受了糖税,并拒绝改变,因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的,每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的。)”可知,糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品牌。故选D。
35. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.(根据一位政府官员的说法,现在的数据显示了糖税的积极影响,它为学校的体育设施和更健康的饮食筹集了数百万英镑。)”可推断,糖税政策的实施非常成功。故选B。
Passage 2
主题语境 主题群 话题 词数 建议用时 推荐指数
人与自我 身体锻炼 寻找锻炼同伴的一些建议 325 6min ★★★★☆
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读理解七选五）
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read: “　36　” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner
First of all, decide what you want from that person.　37　 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't result in a useful response.　38　 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number.　39　
You and your partner will probably have different skills.　40　Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A.Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B.A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C.You'll work harder if you train with someone else.
D.Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E.How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice
F.Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G.Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. B 39.G 40.F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了寻找锻炼同伴的一些建议。
36.空前面给出的一个原因是You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,此处提到的是另外一个原因。根据前面列出的原因的句子结构可知,空处句子也应该以You开头。另外,空后面提到“有一个锻炼伙伴,你会增加你的训练付出,因为有一种微妙的竞争。”C选项表示:如果和别人一起训练,你会更加努力。由此可知,C选项符合语境。
37.根据空后面的“Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility ”可知,填空处需要一个疑问句。空前面的句子提到:首先,决定你想从那个人身上得到什么。D选项表示:你想在你最喜欢的运动中成为一个更好的运动员吗 由此可知,D选项与空后面的句子结构一致且符合语境。
38.空后面一句提到:如果你计划在一个健身房锻炼,你寻找的健身同伴必须属于同一个健身房。B选项表示:健身伙伴通常需要住在附近。在同一个健身房锻炼的应该是住在附近的人们,故B选项符合语境。
39.空前面举例说明了“我”的一个同伴怎样在当地公园里布告牌上张贴她的训练的需求以及她的情况,由此可知这是给出一个示例。G选项表示:对培训伙伴的任何通知都应包括这些信息。G选项符合语境。前面的notice与选项中的notice为词汇复现。
40.空前面一句提到:你和你的同伴可能会有不同的技能。空后面一句提到:随着时间的推移,你们俩都会受益——你的同伴会举起更多的重量,你会变得更健康。F选项表示:接受你们之间的差异,学会相互合作。由此可知F选项符合语境。前句中的different与选项中的differences为同义复现。
Passage 3
主题语境 主题群 话题 词数 建议用时 推荐指数
人与自我 生活与学习 以外表来判断食物是否好吃是不明智的 253 10min ★★★★★
（2023全国甲卷 完形填空）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer. The first time we ___41___ there, we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike ___42___ its way down the hill toward us. It was ___43___ called Mario, coming to ___44___ us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine. It was a very nice ___45___ for him to make. But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were ___46___ because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, ___47___ things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it. These can’t be any ___48___, we thought. But we were ___49___ his kindness, so we ___50___ them.
What we discovered is that it’s ___51___ to judge what you eat only by its ___52___. Those tomatoes had ___53___ that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child. Nowadays supermarket tomatoes ___54___ perfect but taste of water. Nobody’s going to have a ___55___ memory of those. It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones so that they can ___56___ them easily. Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle, but it was ___57___.
It’s good to eat things at the correct time, when they’re ___58___, and as close as possible to where they were ___59___. What Mario had ___60___ us was the taste of the Garfagnana.
41. A. waited B. met C. camped D. stayed
42. A. making B. searching C. squeezing D. feeling
43. A. customer B. neighbor C. relative D. passenger
44. A. lend B. send C. bring D. show
45. A. choice B. comment C. promise D. gesture
46. A. worried B. moved C. thrilled D. bored
47. A. simple B. real C. shiny D. fun
48. A. more B. good C. new D. easy
49. A. sympathetic to B. thankful for C. cautious about D. interested in
50. A. tried B. sold C. returned D. mixed
51. A. unnecessary B. uncertain C. unwise D. unusual
52. A. appearance B. quality C. origin D. price
53. A. size B. shape C. color D. taste
54. A. smell B. look C. become D. work
55. A. happy B. vivid C. short D. vague
56 A. clean B. check C. count D. pack
57. A. perfect B. useful C. convenient D. familiar
58. A. on view B. on sale C. in season D. in need
59. A. finished B. stored C. found D. grown
60. A. cooked B. given C. bought D. told
【答案】41. D 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. D 46. A 47. C 48. B 49. B 50. A 51. C 52. A 53. D 54. B 55. A 56. D 57. A 58. C 59. D 60. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的邻居马里奥给作者一家送了一个盒子，盒子里是自己种的西红柿和酿的酒，刚开始作者一家因为西红柿畸形的外表，和酒的浑浊感到不是很好，但是尝试过后，发现比超市的好，让作者明白仅仅以外表来判断食物是否好吃是不明智的。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们第一次住在那里的时候，我们听到了一辆摩托车从山上向我们开过来的嘎吱嘎吱的声音。A. waited等待；B. met遇见；C. camped露营；D. stayed暂住。根据前文“Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer.”可知，作者在当地买了房子，所以是第一次住在那里。故选D项。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们第一次住在那里的时候，我们听到了一辆摩托车从山上向我们开过来的嘎吱嘎吱的声音。A. making使；让；B. searching搜索；C. squeezing挤压；D. feeling感觉。根据后文“coming to 　　　　　　 us a box containing some tormatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，摩托车是开过来给我们送东西的，所以make one’s way复合语境，为固定搭配，意为“前往”。故选A项。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是邻居马里奥，他给我们带来了一个盒子，里面装着一些西红柿和一瓶酒。A. customer顾客；B. neighbor邻居；C. relative亲戚；D. passenger乘客。根据前文“we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike 　　　　 its way down the hill toward us.”以及最后一句“What Mario had 　　　　　us was the taste of the Garfagnana”可知，马里奥是从山上下来的，送来了当地的食物，可推测是作者的邻居。故选B项。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那是邻居马里奥，他给我们带来了一个盒子，里面装着一些西红柿和一瓶酒。A. lend借出；B. send发送；C. bring带来；D. show展示。根据后文“It was a very nice 　　　　　　 for him to make.”可知，马里奥很友好，所以是给作者一家带来一个盒子。故选C项。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他这么做真是太好了。A. choice选择；B. comment议论；C. promise诺言；D. gesture姿态。根据前文“coming to 　　　　　　 us a box containing some tormatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，马里奥给作者一家带来一盒子的西红柿和酒，所以是好的姿态。故选D项。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当我们看着那些西红柿时，我们是担心的，因为它们是非常畸形的：一点也不像你在超市里买到的那种漂亮的、圆的、闪亮的样子。A. worried担心的；B. moved感动的；C. thrilled兴奋的；D. bored感到厌倦的。根据后文“because they were so misshapen”可知，西红柿是畸形的，所以作者一家很担心是否能吃。故选A项。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当我们看着那些西红柿时，我们是担心的，因为它们是非常畸形的：一点也不像你在超市里买到的那种漂亮的、圆的、闪亮的样子。A. simple简单的；B. real真实的；C. shiny闪亮的；D. fun有趣的。根据前文“not at all like the nice, round”可知，空处是在形容超市里的西红柿，和前文的“nice, round”并列，结合选项，应是“shiny闪亮的”符合实际。故选C项。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们想，这些肯定不好。A. more更多的；B. good好的；C. new新的；D. easy容易的。根据前文“But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were 　　　　　　 because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, 　　　　　　 things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it.”可知，马里奥带来的西红柿和酒都不好，因此作者一家认为这些都不可能好。故选B项。
【49题详解】
考查形容词短语辨析。句意：但我们很感谢他的好意，所以我们试了试。A. sympathetic to同情；B. thankful for对……表示感谢；C. cautious about谨慎对待；D. interested in对……感兴趣。根据前文“It was 　　　　　　 called Mario, coming to 　　　　　　 us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，西红柿和酒是邻居送的，所以应该是很感谢他。故选B项。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们很感谢他的好意，所以我们试了试。A. tried尝试；B. sold出售；C. returned回来；D. mixed混合。根据后文“Those tomatoes had 　　　　　　 that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child.”可知，马里奥送的西红柿让作者想起了小时候叔叔种的西红柿，所以推知，他们是尝试了。故选A项。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们发现，仅仅以外表来判断你吃的东西是否好吃是不明智的。A. unnecessary不需要的；B. uncertain无把握；C. unwise不明智的；D. unusual特别的。结合前后文，可知，作者一家刚开始看到马里奥送的西红柿是畸形的，对其感到担心，但是后来发现，它的味道，比超市的西红柿要好，所以此处应是根据外观来判断你吃的东西是不明智的。故选C项。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们发现，仅仅以外表来判断你的吃的东西是否好吃是不明智的。A. appearance外观；B. quality质量；C. origin源头；D. price价格。根据前文“we were 　　　　　　 because they were so misshapen”可知，此处应是通过外观来评判。故选A项。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些西红柿的味道让我想起了我小时候叔叔种的西红柿。A. size尺寸；B. shape形状；C. color颜色；D. taste味道。根据后文“Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 　　　　　　 perfect but taste of water.”可知，此处应是用马里奥送的西红柿和超市的西红柿作对比，马里奥送的西红柿外观差，但是味道好，让作者想起了小时候叔叔种的西红柿。故选D项。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在超市里的西红柿看起来很好，但味道像水。A. smell闻起来；B. look看起来；C. become变成；D. work工作。根据前文“not at all like the nice, round, 　　　　　　 things you get in a supermarket.”可知，超市的西红柿看起来很完美。故选B项。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有人会对那些有快乐的记忆。A. happy快乐的；B. vivid清晰的；C. short短的；D. vague模糊的。根据前文“Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 　　　　　　 perfect but taste of water.”可知，超市的西红柿，看起来很好，但是吃起来像水，因此没有将会有快乐的记忆。故选A项。
【56题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，他们没有设法种植方形的，这样他们就可以方便地包装它们。A. clean打扫；B. check检查；C. count计数；D. pack打包。根据前文“It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones”结合实际，可知方形的易包装。故选D项。
【57题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：马里奥的酒可能是混浊的，而且是从一个旧瓶子里出来的，但它是完美的。A. perfect完美的；B. useful有用的；C. convenient便利的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据前文“Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle”以及空前的but可知，此处表转折，结合选项，此处应是“马里奥的酒可能是混浊的，而且是从一个旧瓶子里出来的，但它是完美的”之意，符合实际。故选A项。
【58题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：在合适的时间，当它们是应季的时候，并且尽可能靠近它们生长的地方，吃东西是好的。A. on view在展出；B. on sale出售；C. in season当令的；D. in need困难中的。根据前文“It’s good to eat things at the correct time”可知，在合适的时间，也就是食物应季，当令的时候吃该食物口感是最好的。故选C项。
【59题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在合适的时间，当它们是应季的时候，尽可能靠近它们生长的地方，吃东西是好的。A. finished完成；B. stored贮存；C. found找到；D. grown成长。根据前文“It’s good to eat things”以及“as close as possible to where”可知，此处在讲在合适的时间吃东西是好的，根据where推断涉及地点，结合实际，应是在靠近它们生长的地方，摘下来吃，能保持新鲜，是好的，符合题意。故选D项。
【60题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：马里奥给我们的是Garfagnana的味道。A. cooked烹饪；B. given给；C. bought买；D. told告诉。根据前文“It was 　　　　　　 called Mario, coming to 　　　　　　 us a box containing some tormatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，应该是马里奥给作者一家的。故选B项。