2024届高中英语阅读写作素材之中国传统文化专题03 传统节日 冬至节&腊八节学案（含答案）
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高中英语阅读写作素材之中国传统文化
传统节日 冬至节 腊八节（素材+语法填空+书面表达）
第一部分 话题素材积累
冬至节
The energy (qi) stored in winter reaches its peak on Dong Zhi or the Winter Solstice (Zhi means to the greatest level or extent).
冬至，“至”是极致的意思，冬藏之气至此而极。
The energy (qi) of Yang begins to grow when Yin is at its greatest. Days are of the shortest duration, and shadows are of the longest length when the sun is at its most southern position. Thus it is “the Winter Solstice”. Earthen sundials were used in China as early as 2500 years ago in the Spring and Autumn Period to observe the sun, and measure and determine the Winter Solstice. The Winter Solstice is the earliest formulated solar term of the 24 solar terms. It occurs every year between December 21st and 23rd on the solar calendar. This is the day on the northern hemisphere with the least amount of daytime and greatest amount of nighttime in the entire year.
阴极之至，阳气始生，日南至，日短之至，日影长之至，故曰「冬至」。早在二千五百多年前的春秋时代，中国就已经用土圭观测太阳，测定出了冬至，它是二十四节气中最早制订出的一个，时间在每年的阳历12月21日至23日之间，这一天是北半球全年中白天最短、夜晚最长的一天。
冬至习俗
1. 吃饺子
Whether rich or poor, dumplings are an indispensable holiday food on the day of the Winter Solstice. There is a saying that goes: “All families eat dumplings when the Winter Solstice arrives in the eleventh lunar month.” This custom has been preserved in order to commemorate the “medical sage” Zhang Zhongjing who donated medicine to the poor on the Winter Solstice.
每年冬至，不论贫富，饺子是必不可少的节日饭。谚云：“十一月，冬至到，家家户户吃水饺。”这种习俗，是因纪念“医圣”张仲景冬至舍药留下的。
2. 吃汤圆
In places such as Shanghai, people eat tangyuan, a kind of stuffed small dumpling ball made of glutinous rice flour, to celebrate the Winter Solstice.
上海等地的人们吃汤圆来庆祝冬至的到来。汤圆是用糯米粉制成的一种有馅儿的小团子。
3. 吃馄饨
People in Suzhou, Jiangsu province, are accustomed to eating wontons on the Winter Solstice. According to legend, on the Winter Solstice 2,500 years ago, the King of Wu was disgusted with all kinds of costly foods and wanted to eat something different. Then, the beauty Xishi came into the kitchen to make “wontons” to honor the king’s wish. He ate a lot and liked the food very much. To commemorate Xishi, the people of Suzhou made wontons the official food to celebrate the festival.
苏州人习惯在冬至吃馄饨。根据历史传说，在2500年前的冬至时节，吴国国王厌倦了各类珍馐，想换个口味。为满足吴王的心愿，西施去厨房做了一碗馄饨。吴王很喜欢，吃了一大碗。为了纪念西施，苏州人会在冬至做馄饨庆祝节日。
4. 吃坚果类食物
When the Winter Solstice comes, vital movement begins to decline and calm down. In this period, eating an appropriate amount of nuts, such as peanuts, walnuts, chestnuts, hazelnuts and almonds, is good for one’s body. Traditional Chinese medical science teaches that the quality of a nut is tepidity and most nuts have the function of nourishing the kidneys and strengthening the brain and heart.
当冬至来临，生命活动会开始减少并平寂下来。这时候吃适量的坚果，比如花生、核桃、栗子、榛子、杏仁，对人的身体很有好处。中医传统理论认为，坚果性温，大部分坚果都有滋养肾脏、强脑强心的功效。
5. 吃羊肉粉丝汤
In Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui autonomous region, people call the Winter Solstice the “Ghost Festival”. On that day, it is customary for people there to drink mutton and vermicelli soup and eat the dumplings in the soup. They give the soup a strange name — “brain” — and share it with their neighbors.
在宁夏银川，大家称冬至为“鬼节”，这天的习俗是吃羊肉粉汤和汤饺。此外，他们还给这道美味起了个古怪的名字“头脑”。粉汤饺子做好后还要给邻居端上一碗。
6. 吃年糕
During the Winter Solstice, Hangzhou residents traditionally eat rice cakes. In the past, before the approach of the Winter Solstice, every household would make the cakes to worship their ancestors or use them as gifts for relatives and friends.
杭州居民有冬至吃年糕的传统。过去家家户户都会在冬至到来前制作年糕来供奉先人或者馈赠亲友。
【词汇积累】
1. sundial n. 日晷
2. the Spring and Autumn Period 春秋时期
3. formulate v. 制定；制订；规划
4. the solar calendar 阳历
5. attribute n. 属性；特征；性质
6. dissipate v. 消散；（使）消失；驱散
7. designate v. 指定；命名；选定，指派
8. astronomy n. 天文学
9. plateau n. 高原
10. altitude n. 海拔
11. indispensable adj. 不可或缺的；必不可少的
12. commemorate v. （用……）纪念；作为……的纪念
13. glutinous adj. 黏的；胶质的
14. tepidity n. 不温不火；不冷不热
腊八节
In the traditional Chinese lunar calendar, the eighth day of December, or la yue, is called Laba, also known as the Laba Rice Porridge Festival. It’s a tradition to drink a bowl of warm Laba porridge on this day, feeling the warmth all over the body as well as tasting the festive flavor of the upcoming Chinese New Year.
在中国传统的农历之中，十二月初八日被称为腊八节，在这一天，喝上一碗温热的腊八粥，感受到的不仅是一身的暖意，更是春节将至的浓浓节日氛围。
节 俗Festival Custom
There is an old saying: Don't make your mouth water children, because the Laba Festival and the Spring Festival are just around the corner.
俗话说“小孩小孩你别馋，过了腊八就是年”。
The Laba Festival is a traditional Chinese holiday celebrated on the eighth day of the twelfth month of the lunar Chinese calendar. "La" represents the 12th lunar month.
农历十二月初八是中国的传统节日——腊八节，“腊”代表中国农历的十二月。
The 12th lunar month in Chinese is called la yue, so the eighth day of this lunar month is la yue chu ba, or laba. The day is also known as the Laba Rice Porridge Festival.
“腊八”一般可以直接用拼音“laba”来表示，后面进一步说明这一天是农历十二月初八（the eighth day of the 12th lunar month）即可。因为腊八节有喝腊八粥（Laba rice porridge）的传统，所以也可以简单介绍说这天又称the Laba Rice Porridge Festival。
Three major customs on Laba are ancestor worship, eating Laba rice porridge and making Laba garlic.
祭祀、喝腊八粥、腌腊八蒜是腊八的三大习俗。
祭祀
The worship of ancestors, called "腊" in Chinese, and the sacrifice for the gods, called "蜡", both frequently took place in the 12th month, which led to the traditional name of the month: la yue. And the day of sacrifice is called la ri.
一岁之末为“腊”。在我国上古时期，人们把冬季祭祀神灵、祖先称为“大腊”，举行冬祀日子被称为“腊日”。慢慢的每年农历腊月初八作为“腊日”逐渐被确定下来，成为祈求丰收和吉祥的传统节日。
食俗
The Laba porridge腊八粥
Traditionally, the Laba porridge is the most important element of the festival.The main ingredients of the Laba porridge are rice and sticky rice; people also add sugar, red dates, lotus seeds, walnuts, chestnuts, almonds, longans, hazelnuts, raisins, red beans, peanuts, water caltrops, roseleaf and other various materials to make the porridge special.
从传统上讲，腊八粥是腊八节的重头戏。最为讲究的会在白米中掺入红枣、莲子、核桃、栗子、杏仁、松仁、桂圆、榛子、葡萄、白果、菱角、青丝、玫瑰、红豆、花生等不下二十种食物。
The Laba porridge is called "Union Food" in Henan Province, which is a food custom in memory of China's national hero Yue Fei.
在河南，腊八粥又称"大家饭"，是纪念民族英雄岳飞的一种节日食俗。
腌腊八蒜
Another custom is the soaking of Laba garlic. The practice is very simple. Put the stripped garlic cloves into a sealed jar, and then pour vinegar into it.
腊八节的另一传统是腌制腊八蒜。做法很简单，将剥好的蒜瓣放在一个可以密封的罐子里，然后再倒入醋。
Gradually, the color of those garlic cloves will turn green. By the time of the Spring Festival, you can taste the garlic while eating dumplings.
慢慢地，泡在醋中的蒜就会变绿。这样，到春节的时候，就可以在餐桌上与饺子同食了。
第二部分 话题语法填空
一、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The winter solstice(also called Dongzhi) occurs when one of the Earth’s poles has its maximum tilt(倾斜) away from the Sun. Although the winter solstice 1 (it) lasts only a moment, the term sometimes refers to the day on 2 it happens. The date of the winter solstice 3 (vary) from year to year, and can fall anywhere 4 December 20 and December 23. It was very important because the people were economically dependent on monitoring the progress of the seasons. It’s when the sun reaches its 5 (far) southward point for the year. At this solstice, the Northern Hemisphere(半球) has its longest night of the year.
Since the 18th century, the term “midwinter” has sometimes been used with the winter solstice, although it carries other meanings as well. 6 (tradition), in many regions, the winter solstice 7 (see) as the middle of winter, but in some countries and calendars, it marks the 8 (begin) of winter.
As most are aware, daylight hours grow shorter as the winter solstice approaches, and begin to slowly 9 (length)afterward. For people living in the southern hemisphere, the South Pole is pointing towards the Sun, 10 (make) it summertime “Down Under”. And regardless of where you live, the solstice happens at the same moment for everyone on the planet.
二、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s traditional Laba Festival is celebrated on the eighth day of the 12th month of the lunar Chinese calendar, 11 falls on January 18 this year. It 12 (regard) as the prelude (序幕) to Chinese New Year.
There are different 13 (origin) of the Laba congee, but one of the most popular is about Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty.
Before Zhu became emperor, he was suffering in a prison on a winter day. When he was starving, he found some red beans, rice, dates and other grains near a rat hole 14 (unexpected), so he boiled these together to make porridge. That day was the 15 (eight) day of the 12th lunar month. Later, when Zhu Yuanzhang was emperor, he decided 16 (name) the porridge he ate Laba congee 17 memory of that special day in prison.
Since then, 18 (enjoy) a bowl of Laba congee with families and friends has been a time-honored tradition in China, 19 it also sweetens a winter day. Made of a 20 (various) of ingredients, including various beans, rice, lotus seeds, peanuts, etc., it is believed to be good for people’s health.
第三部分 话题写作
假设你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华，最近你校组织留学生到敬老院陪老人们过冬至。请根据所给提示，为校报的“学生园地”专栏写一篇稿件，记述此次活动。
内容包括：
1. 时间和地点；
2. 活动内容：打扫卫生、包饺子、表演节目等；
3. 留学生的体会、
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：冬至—the Dongzhi Festival/Winter Solstice
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
话题语法填空
1．itself 2．which 3．varies 4．between 5．farthest 6．Traditionally 7．is seen 8．beginning 9．lengthen 10．making
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冬至。
1．考查反身代词。句意：虽然冬至本身只持续一刻，但这个词有时指的是它发生的那一天。分析可知，此处要用反身代词itself，作the winter solstice的同位语。故填itself。
2．考查定语从句的关系词。句意：虽然冬至本身只持续一刻，但这个词有时指的是它发生的那一天。分析句子可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为the day，在从句中作介词on的宾语，要用关系代词which。故填which。
3．考查时态。句意：冬至的日期每年都不同，可能在12月20日到12月23日之间的任何时候。此处描述事实，所以时态是一般现在时，主语The date of the winter solstice为第三人称单数，此处谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故填varies。
4．考查介词。句意：冬至的日期每年都不同，可能在12月20日到12月23日之间的任何时候。根据December 20 and December 23可知此处要用介词between，短语between…and…“在......之间”。故填between。
5．考查形容词的最高级。句意：这是一年中太阳到达最南向点的时候。根据southward point和常识，可知此处要用形容词的最高级，作定语。故填farthest。
6．考查副词。句意：传统上，在许多地区，冬至被视为冬天的中间部分，但在一些国家和历法中，它标志着冬天的开始。此处位于句首，可知要用副词修饰后面整个句子。故填Traditionally。
7．考查时态和语态。句意：传统上，在许多地区，冬至被视为冬天的中间部分，但在一些国家和历法中，它标志着冬天的开始。此处描述事实，所以时态是一般现在时，主语the winter solstice与see之间是被动关系，可知此处要用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is seen。
8．考查动名词。句意：传统上，在许多地区，冬至被视为冬天的中间部分，但在一些国家和历法中，它标志着冬天的开始。根据冠词the和介词of可知此处要用名词，the beginning of“......的开始”。故填beginning。
9．考查动词。句意：大多数人都知道，随着冬至的临近，白天的时间会变短，然后开始慢慢变长。根据begin to do sth.“开始做某事”可知，此处要用动词原形。故填lengthen。
10．考查现在分词。句意：对于生活在南半球的人来说，南极是指向太阳的，这使得夏天“在南半球”。分析可知，此处要用现在分词，作结果状语，表自然而然的结果。故填making。
11．which 12．is regarded 13．origins 14．unexpectedly 15．eighth 16．to name 17．in 18．enjoying 19．and 20．variety
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统节日腊八节和腊八粥的起源及家人朋友们一起享用腊八粥的传统习俗。
11．考查定语从句。句意：中国传统的腊八节在农历十二月初八庆祝，今年是在1月18日。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，Laba Festival是先行词，它在从句中作主语，指物，因此使用which引导定语从句，故填which。
12．考查时态和语态。句意：它被视为中国新年的序幕。regard在句子中作为谓语动词使用，主语it (单数意义)承受regard的动作，句子描述的为客观事实，因此使用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is regarded。
13．考查名词。句意：关于腊八粥的起源有很多不同的说法，但其中最流行的一个是关于明朝的朱元璋皇帝。origin为可数名词，应该使用复数形式，故填origins。
14．考查副词。句意：当他饥饿时，出乎意料地在老鼠洞附近发现了一些红豆、大米、枣子和其他谷物，于是他把这些一起煮成粥。使用副词作状语修饰动词found，需要的词义为“出乎意料地”，故填unexpectedly。
15．考查序数词。句意：那天正是农历十二月初八。此处需要填入表示“第八”的序数词，故填eighth。
16．考查动词不定式。句意：后来，朱元璋成为皇帝后，他决定将自己吃过的粥命名为腊八粥，以纪念那个在监狱里的特殊日子。decide to do意为“决定做某事”，故填to name。
17．考查固定短语。句意：后来，朱元璋成为皇帝后，他决定将自己吃过的粥命名为腊八粥，以纪念那个在监狱里的特殊日子。固定短语in memory of 意为“为了纪念”，故填in。
18．考查动名词。句意：从那时起，与家人和朋友一起享用一碗腊八粥成为中国的一个历史悠久的传统，而且它也让寒冷的冬天变得温暖。需填入动名词作主语，故填enjoying。
19．考查并列连词。句意：从那时起，与家人和朋友一起享用一碗腊八粥成为中国的一个历史悠久的传统，而且它也让寒冷的冬天变得温暖。“Since then, enjoying a bowl of Laba congee with families and friends has been a time-honored tradition in China”和“it also sweetens a winter day”之间为并列关系，使用并列连词and连接，故填and。
20．考查固定短语。句意：腊八粥由各种食材制成，包括各种豆类、大米、莲子、花生等，据信对人们的健康有益。固定短语a variety of 意为“各种各样的”，故填variety。
话题作文
It was on the Dongzhi Festival that six foreign students who are studying in our school visited the nursing house.
They set out for the nursing home by bus at 8:30 in the morning and arrived an hour later. Upon arrival, they got down to helping the elderly clean their rooms. After that, it was the time when they made dumplings together with the elderly and ate together happily. Then, they had fun singing, dancing and playing games, making the elderly happy and warm.
They all thought the visit was an unforgettable experience, through which they not only know more about the festival but also realize the elderly need to be treated with respect.
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生为校报的“学生园地”专栏写一篇稿件，记述最近你校组织留学生到敬老院陪老人们过冬至的活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
动身去：set out for →set off for
到达：arrive →reach
开始：get down to →set about
开心的：happy→cheerful
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Upon arrival, they got down to helping the elderly clean their rooms.
拓展句：As soon as they arrived, they got down to helping the elderly clean their rooms.
【点睛】[高分句型1] It was on the Dongzhi Festival that six foreign students who are studying in our school visited the nursing house. (运用了强调句型和who引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2] They all thought the visit was an unforgettable experience, through which they not only know more about the festival but also realize the elderly need to be treated with respect. (运用了介词 +which引导的非限定性定语从句)
传统节日 冬至节 腊八节（素材+语法填空+书面表达）
第一部分 话题素材积累
冬至节
The energy (qi) stored in winter reaches its peak on Dong Zhi or the Winter Solstice (Zhi means to the greatest level or extent).
冬至，“至”是极致的意思，冬藏之气至此而极。
The energy (qi) of Yang begins to grow when Yin is at its greatest. Days are of the shortest duration, and shadows are of the longest length when the sun is at its most southern position. Thus it is “the Winter Solstice”. Earthen sundials were used in China as early as 2500 years ago in the Spring and Autumn Period to observe the sun, and measure and determine the Winter Solstice. The Winter Solstice is the earliest formulated solar term of the 24 solar terms. It occurs every year between December 21st and 23rd on the solar calendar. This is the day on the northern hemisphere with the least amount of daytime and greatest amount of nighttime in the entire year.
阴极之至，阳气始生，日南至，日短之至，日影长之至，故曰「冬至」。早在二千五百多年前的春秋时代，中国就已经用土圭观测太阳，测定出了冬至，它是二十四节气中最早制订出的一个，时间在每年的阳历12月21日至23日之间，这一天是北半球全年中白天最短、夜晚最长的一天。
冬至习俗
1. 吃饺子
Whether rich or poor, dumplings are an indispensable holiday food on the day of the Winter Solstice. There is a saying that goes: “All families eat dumplings when the Winter Solstice arrives in the eleventh lunar month.” This custom has been preserved in order to commemorate the “medical sage” Zhang Zhongjing who donated medicine to the poor on the Winter Solstice.
每年冬至，不论贫富，饺子是必不可少的节日饭。谚云：“十一月，冬至到，家家户户吃水饺。”这种习俗，是因纪念“医圣”张仲景冬至舍药留下的。
2. 吃汤圆
In places such as Shanghai, people eat tangyuan, a kind of stuffed small dumpling ball made of glutinous rice flour, to celebrate the Winter Solstice.
上海等地的人们吃汤圆来庆祝冬至的到来。汤圆是用糯米粉制成的一种有馅儿的小团子。
3. 吃馄饨
People in Suzhou, Jiangsu province, are accustomed to eating wontons on the Winter Solstice. According to legend, on the Winter Solstice 2,500 years ago, the King of Wu was disgusted with all kinds of costly foods and wanted to eat something different. Then, the beauty Xishi came into the kitchen to make “wontons” to honor the king’s wish. He ate a lot and liked the food very much. To commemorate Xishi, the people of Suzhou made wontons the official food to celebrate the festival.
苏州人习惯在冬至吃馄饨。根据历史传说，在2500年前的冬至时节，吴国国王厌倦了各类珍馐，想换个口味。为满足吴王的心愿，西施去厨房做了一碗馄饨。吴王很喜欢，吃了一大碗。为了纪念西施，苏州人会在冬至做馄饨庆祝节日。
4. 吃坚果类食物
When the Winter Solstice comes, vital movement begins to decline and calm down. In this period, eating an appropriate amount of nuts, such as peanuts, walnuts, chestnuts, hazelnuts and almonds, is good for one’s body. Traditional Chinese medical science teaches that the quality of a nut is tepidity and most nuts have the function of nourishing the kidneys and strengthening the brain and heart.
当冬至来临，生命活动会开始减少并平寂下来。这时候吃适量的坚果，比如花生、核桃、栗子、榛子、杏仁，对人的身体很有好处。中医传统理论认为，坚果性温，大部分坚果都有滋养肾脏、强脑强心的功效。
5. 吃羊肉粉丝汤
In Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui autonomous region, people call the Winter Solstice the “Ghost Festival”. On that day, it is customary for people there to drink mutton and vermicelli soup and eat the dumplings in the soup. They give the soup a strange name — “brain” — and share it with their neighbors.
在宁夏银川，大家称冬至为“鬼节”，这天的习俗是吃羊肉粉汤和汤饺。此外，他们还给这道美味起了个古怪的名字“头脑”。粉汤饺子做好后还要给邻居端上一碗。
6. 吃年糕
During the Winter Solstice, Hangzhou residents traditionally eat rice cakes. In the past, before the approach of the Winter Solstice, every household would make the cakes to worship their ancestors or use them as gifts for relatives and friends.
杭州居民有冬至吃年糕的传统。过去家家户户都会在冬至到来前制作年糕来供奉先人或者馈赠亲友。
【词汇积累】
1. sundial n. 日晷
2. the Spring and Autumn Period 春秋时期
3. formulate v. 制定；制订；规划
4. the solar calendar 阳历
5. attribute n. 属性；特征；性质
6. dissipate v. 消散；（使）消失；驱散
7. designate v. 指定；命名；选定，指派
8. astronomy n. 天文学
9. plateau n. 高原
10. altitude n. 海拔
11. indispensable adj. 不可或缺的；必不可少的
12. commemorate v. （用……）纪念；作为……的纪念
13. glutinous adj. 黏的；胶质的
14. tepidity n. 不温不火；不冷不热
腊八节
In the traditional Chinese lunar calendar, the eighth day of December, or la yue, is called Laba, also known as the Laba Rice Porridge Festival. It’s a tradition to drink a bowl of warm Laba porridge on this day, feeling the warmth all over the body as well as tasting the festive flavor of the upcoming Chinese New Year.
在中国传统的农历之中，十二月初八日被称为腊八节，在这一天，喝上一碗温热的腊八粥，感受到的不仅是一身的暖意，更是春节将至的浓浓节日氛围。
节 俗Festival Custom
There is an old saying: Don't make your mouth water children, because the Laba Festival and the Spring Festival are just around the corner.
俗话说“小孩小孩你别馋，过了腊八就是年”。
The Laba Festival is a traditional Chinese holiday celebrated on the eighth day of the twelfth month of the lunar Chinese calendar. "La" represents the 12th lunar month.
农历十二月初八是中国的传统节日——腊八节，“腊”代表中国农历的十二月。
The 12th lunar month in Chinese is called la yue, so the eighth day of this lunar month is la yue chu ba, or laba. The day is also known as the Laba Rice Porridge Festival.
“腊八”一般可以直接用拼音“laba”来表示，后面进一步说明这一天是农历十二月初八（the eighth day of the 12th lunar month）即可。因为腊八节有喝腊八粥（Laba rice porridge）的传统，所以也可以简单介绍说这天又称the Laba Rice Porridge Festival。
Three major customs on Laba are ancestor worship, eating Laba rice porridge and making Laba garlic.
祭祀、喝腊八粥、腌腊八蒜是腊八的三大习俗。
祭祀
The worship of ancestors, called "腊" in Chinese, and the sacrifice for the gods, called "蜡", both frequently took place in the 12th month, which led to the traditional name of the month: la yue. And the day of sacrifice is called la ri.
一岁之末为“腊”。在我国上古时期，人们把冬季祭祀神灵、祖先称为“大腊”，举行冬祀日子被称为“腊日”。慢慢的每年农历腊月初八作为“腊日”逐渐被确定下来，成为祈求丰收和吉祥的传统节日。
食俗
The Laba porridge腊八粥
Traditionally, the Laba porridge is the most important element of the festival.The main ingredients of the Laba porridge are rice and sticky rice; people also add sugar, red dates, lotus seeds, walnuts, chestnuts, almonds, longans, hazelnuts, raisins, red beans, peanuts, water caltrops, roseleaf and other various materials to make the porridge special.
从传统上讲，腊八粥是腊八节的重头戏。最为讲究的会在白米中掺入红枣、莲子、核桃、栗子、杏仁、松仁、桂圆、榛子、葡萄、白果、菱角、青丝、玫瑰、红豆、花生等不下二十种食物。
The Laba porridge is called "Union Food" in Henan Province, which is a food custom in memory of China's national hero Yue Fei.
在河南，腊八粥又称"大家饭"，是纪念民族英雄岳飞的一种节日食俗。
腌腊八蒜
Another custom is the soaking of Laba garlic. The practice is very simple. Put the stripped garlic cloves into a sealed jar, and then pour vinegar into it.
腊八节的另一传统是腌制腊八蒜。做法很简单，将剥好的蒜瓣放在一个可以密封的罐子里，然后再倒入醋。
Gradually, the color of those garlic cloves will turn green. By the time of the Spring Festival, you can taste the garlic while eating dumplings.
慢慢地，泡在醋中的蒜就会变绿。这样，到春节的时候，就可以在餐桌上与饺子同食了。
第二部分 话题语法填空
一、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The winter solstice(also called Dongzhi) occurs when one of the Earth’s poles has its maximum tilt(倾斜) away from the Sun. Although the winter solstice 1 (it) lasts only a moment, the term sometimes refers to the day on 2 it happens. The date of the winter solstice 3 (vary) from year to year, and can fall anywhere 4 December 20 and December 23. It was very important because the people were economically dependent on monitoring the progress of the seasons. It’s when the sun reaches its 5 (far) southward point for the year. At this solstice, the Northern Hemisphere(半球) has its longest night of the year.
Since the 18th century, the term “midwinter” has sometimes been used with the winter solstice, although it carries other meanings as well. 6 (tradition), in many regions, the winter solstice 7 (see) as the middle of winter, but in some countries and calendars, it marks the 8 (begin) of winter.
As most are aware, daylight hours grow shorter as the winter solstice approaches, and begin to slowly 9 (length)afterward. For people living in the southern hemisphere, the South Pole is pointing towards the Sun, 10 (make) it summertime “Down Under”. And regardless of where you live, the solstice happens at the same moment for everyone on the planet.
二、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s traditional Laba Festival is celebrated on the eighth day of the 12th month of the lunar Chinese calendar, 11 falls on January 18 this year. It 12 (regard) as the prelude (序幕) to Chinese New Year.
There are different 13 (origin) of the Laba congee, but one of the most popular is about Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty.
Before Zhu became emperor, he was suffering in a prison on a winter day. When he was starving, he found some red beans, rice, dates and other grains near a rat hole 14 (unexpected), so he boiled these together to make porridge. That day was the 15 (eight) day of the 12th lunar month. Later, when Zhu Yuanzhang was emperor, he decided 16 (name) the porridge he ate Laba congee 17 memory of that special day in prison.
Since then, 18 (enjoy) a bowl of Laba congee with families and friends has been a time-honored tradition in China, 19 it also sweetens a winter day. Made of a 20 (various) of ingredients, including various beans, rice, lotus seeds, peanuts, etc., it is believed to be good for people’s health.
第三部分 话题写作
假设你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华，最近你校组织留学生到敬老院陪老人们过冬至。请根据所给提示，为校报的“学生园地”专栏写一篇稿件，记述此次活动。
内容包括：
1. 时间和地点；
2. 活动内容：打扫卫生、包饺子、表演节目等；
3. 留学生的体会、
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：冬至—the Dongzhi Festival/Winter Solstice
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
话题语法填空
1．itself 2．which 3．varies 4．between 5．farthest 6．Traditionally 7．is seen 8．beginning 9．lengthen 10．making
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冬至。
1．考查反身代词。句意：虽然冬至本身只持续一刻，但这个词有时指的是它发生的那一天。分析可知，此处要用反身代词itself，作the winter solstice的同位语。故填itself。
2．考查定语从句的关系词。句意：虽然冬至本身只持续一刻，但这个词有时指的是它发生的那一天。分析句子可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为the day，在从句中作介词on的宾语，要用关系代词which。故填which。
3．考查时态。句意：冬至的日期每年都不同，可能在12月20日到12月23日之间的任何时候。此处描述事实，所以时态是一般现在时，主语The date of the winter solstice为第三人称单数，此处谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故填varies。
4．考查介词。句意：冬至的日期每年都不同，可能在12月20日到12月23日之间的任何时候。根据December 20 and December 23可知此处要用介词between，短语between…and…“在......之间”。故填between。
5．考查形容词的最高级。句意：这是一年中太阳到达最南向点的时候。根据southward point和常识，可知此处要用形容词的最高级，作定语。故填farthest。
6．考查副词。句意：传统上，在许多地区，冬至被视为冬天的中间部分，但在一些国家和历法中，它标志着冬天的开始。此处位于句首，可知要用副词修饰后面整个句子。故填Traditionally。
7．考查时态和语态。句意：传统上，在许多地区，冬至被视为冬天的中间部分，但在一些国家和历法中，它标志着冬天的开始。此处描述事实，所以时态是一般现在时，主语the winter solstice与see之间是被动关系，可知此处要用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is seen。
8．考查动名词。句意：传统上，在许多地区，冬至被视为冬天的中间部分，但在一些国家和历法中，它标志着冬天的开始。根据冠词the和介词of可知此处要用名词，the beginning of“......的开始”。故填beginning。
9．考查动词。句意：大多数人都知道，随着冬至的临近，白天的时间会变短，然后开始慢慢变长。根据begin to do sth.“开始做某事”可知，此处要用动词原形。故填lengthen。
10．考查现在分词。句意：对于生活在南半球的人来说，南极是指向太阳的，这使得夏天“在南半球”。分析可知，此处要用现在分词，作结果状语，表自然而然的结果。故填making。
11．which 12．is regarded 13．origins 14．unexpectedly 15．eighth 16．to name 17．in 18．enjoying 19．and 20．variety
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统节日腊八节和腊八粥的起源及家人朋友们一起享用腊八粥的传统习俗。
11．考查定语从句。句意：中国传统的腊八节在农历十二月初八庆祝，今年是在1月18日。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，Laba Festival是先行词，它在从句中作主语，指物，因此使用which引导定语从句，故填which。
12．考查时态和语态。句意：它被视为中国新年的序幕。regard在句子中作为谓语动词使用，主语it (单数意义)承受regard的动作，句子描述的为客观事实，因此使用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is regarded。
13．考查名词。句意：关于腊八粥的起源有很多不同的说法，但其中最流行的一个是关于明朝的朱元璋皇帝。origin为可数名词，应该使用复数形式，故填origins。
14．考查副词。句意：当他饥饿时，出乎意料地在老鼠洞附近发现了一些红豆、大米、枣子和其他谷物，于是他把这些一起煮成粥。使用副词作状语修饰动词found，需要的词义为“出乎意料地”，故填unexpectedly。
15．考查序数词。句意：那天正是农历十二月初八。此处需要填入表示“第八”的序数词，故填eighth。
16．考查动词不定式。句意：后来，朱元璋成为皇帝后，他决定将自己吃过的粥命名为腊八粥，以纪念那个在监狱里的特殊日子。decide to do意为“决定做某事”，故填to name。
17．考查固定短语。句意：后来，朱元璋成为皇帝后，他决定将自己吃过的粥命名为腊八粥，以纪念那个在监狱里的特殊日子。固定短语in memory of 意为“为了纪念”，故填in。
18．考查动名词。句意：从那时起，与家人和朋友一起享用一碗腊八粥成为中国的一个历史悠久的传统，而且它也让寒冷的冬天变得温暖。需填入动名词作主语，故填enjoying。
19．考查并列连词。句意：从那时起，与家人和朋友一起享用一碗腊八粥成为中国的一个历史悠久的传统，而且它也让寒冷的冬天变得温暖。“Since then, enjoying a bowl of Laba congee with families and friends has been a time-honored tradition in China”和“it also sweetens a winter day”之间为并列关系，使用并列连词and连接，故填and。
20．考查固定短语。句意：腊八粥由各种食材制成，包括各种豆类、大米、莲子、花生等，据信对人们的健康有益。固定短语a variety of 意为“各种各样的”，故填variety。
话题作文
It was on the Dongzhi Festival that six foreign students who are studying in our school visited the nursing house.
They set out for the nursing home by bus at 8:30 in the morning and arrived an hour later. Upon arrival, they got down to helping the elderly clean their rooms. After that, it was the time when they made dumplings together with the elderly and ate together happily. Then, they had fun singing, dancing and playing games, making the elderly happy and warm.
They all thought the visit was an unforgettable experience, through which they not only know more about the festival but also realize the elderly need to be treated with respect.
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生为校报的“学生园地”专栏写一篇稿件，记述最近你校组织留学生到敬老院陪老人们过冬至的活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
动身去：set out for →set off for
到达：arrive →reach
开始：get down to →set about
开心的：happy→cheerful
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Upon arrival, they got down to helping the elderly clean their rooms.
拓展句：As soon as they arrived, they got down to helping the elderly clean their rooms.
【点睛】[高分句型1] It was on the Dongzhi Festival that six foreign students who are studying in our school visited the nursing house. (运用了强调句型和who引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2] They all thought the visit was an unforgettable experience, through which they not only know more about the festival but also realize the elderly need to be treated with respect. (运用了介词 +which引导的非限定性定语从句)